IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SKILL IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT THROUGH COOPERATIVE LEARNING USING NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER (NHT) TECHNIQUE WITH PICTURE SERIES AS THE TEACHING MEDIA (A Classroom Action Research at the Tenth Grade of SMAN 1 Sukoharjo in the 20152016

  

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SKILL IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

THROUGH COOPERATIVE LEARNING USING NUMBERED HEADS

TOGETHER (NHT) TECHNIQUE WITH PICTURE SERIES AS THE

TEACHING MEDIA

  

(A Classroom Action Research at the Tenth Grade of SMAN 1 Sukoharjo in

the 2015/2016 Academic Year)

THESIS

  GAGAS RAMBU PAMUNGKAS K2211036

  

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

2017

  

PRONOUNCEMENT

  I would like to certify that the thesis entitled “IMPROVING

  

STUDENTS’ SKILL IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT THROUGH

COOPERATIVE LEARNING USING NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER

(NHT) TECHNIQUE WITH PICTURE SERIES AS THE TEACHING

MEDIA

  ” (A Classroom Action Research at the Tenth Grade of SMAN 1

Sukoharjo in the 2015/2016 Academic Year) is really my own work. It is not a

  product of plagiarism or made by others. Everything related to others’ work is written in quotation, the sources of which are listed on the bibliography.

  If then this pronouncement proves wrong, I am ready to receive any academic punishment including the withdrawal of my academic degree.

  Surakarta, November 2017 Gagas Rambu Pamungkas

  K2211036

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SKILL IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT THROUGH COOPERATIVE LEARNING USING NUMBERED HEADS

  

TOGETHER (NHT) TECHNIQUE WITH PICTURE SERIES AS THE

TEACHING MEDIA

(A Classroom Action Research at the Tenth Grade of SMAN 1 Sukoharjo in

the 2015/2016 Academic Year)

  

By:

GAGAS RAMBU PAMUNGKAS

K2211036

A Thesis

  

Submitted to Teacher Training and Education Faculty

of Sebelas Maret University to Fulfill One of the Requirements

for Getting Undergraduate Degree of Education in English

  

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHIER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

SURAKARTA

2017 This thesis is approved by the consultants to be examined by the Board of Thesis Examiners of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University.

  Surakarta, November 2017 First Consultant Second Consultant Dr. Suparno, M.Pd Ellisa Indriyani Putri

  Handayani, S.Pd., M.Hum NIP. 195111 272017 1 001 NIK. 198212 222013 0 201

  

LEGALIZATION

  This thesis has been examined by the Board of Thesis Examiners of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University and accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Undergraduate Degree of Education in English.

  Day : Date :

  The Board of Examiners: 1.

  Chairman: Teguh Sarosa, SS., M.Hum ( ........................................ ) NIP. 19730205 200604 1 001 2.

  Secretary: Hefy Sulistyawati, S.S., M.Pd ( ........................................ ) NIP. 19781208 200112 2 002 3.

  Examiner I: Dr. Suparno, M.Pd ( ........................................ ) NIP. 195111 272017 1 001 4.

Examiner II:

  Ellisa Indriyani P H, S.Pd., M.Hum ( ........................................ ) NIK. 198212 222013 0 201

  Teacher Training and Education Faculty Sebelas Maret University

  Dean Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd

  NIP. 19610124 198702 1 001

  

MOTTO

“…Janganlah kamu berputus asa dari rahmat Allah, sesungguhnya tiada

berputus asa dari rahmat Allah melainkan orang-orang yang kafir terhadap

karunia Allah…”

  (Q.S Yusuf: 87)

  

“If there is no struggle, there is no progress”

  (Frederick Douglass)

  DEDICATION This thesis is whole-heartedly dedicated to my family who always pray and give support to me:

   My beloved parents, Widodo, S.Pd

  and Sri Lestari

   My older sisters, Yuwida Enggar P,

  S.ST and Arruum Linggar O, S.Pd

   My younger sisters, Azzahra

  Qhoirunissa P R. and Anindya Salsabila P R.

  With love,

  Gagas Rambu Pamungkas

  

ABSTRACT

Gagas Rambu Pamungkas K2211036.

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SKILL IN

  

WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT THROUGH COOPERATIVE

LEARNING USING NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER (NHT)

TECHNIQUE WITH PICTURE SERIES AS THE TEACHING MEDIA (A

Classroom Action Research at the Tenth Grade of SMAN 1 Sukoharjo in the

2015/2016 Academic Year). Thesis. Surakarta: Teacher Training and Education

Faculty, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta, November 2017.

  This thesis is written to: (1) identify how to implement Numbered Heads Together (NHT) technique with picture series as the teaching media in teaching writing, (2) identify the students’ response and the classroom situation after implementing Numbered Heads Together (NHT) technique with Picture Series in writing class, (3) identify whether Numbered Heads Together (NHT) technique with picture series can improve the students’ skill in writing descriptive text.

  The method used in this research is a classroom action research which was conducted in two cycles at the tenth grade of SMA N 1 Sukoharjo. There were 3 meetings in each cycle. The research data were collected by using qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method consisted of observation, field notes, interview, document analysis and documentation. Meanwhile, the technique of collecting data using quantitative method was a test. The qualitative data were analyzed through data collection, data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusion. The quantitative data were analyzed by comparing the mean of the pre-test and the post-test.

  The findings of the research show that NHT technique with picture series could be implemented in writing class. The research findings also showed that there were improvements of writing class situation and the students’ writing skill. The improvement of class situation of writing class were: 1) Students pay attention toward the teacher’s explanation during teaching learning activity; 2) Students were brave to ask about their difficulty,; 3) Students tend to be active learners. 4) Students enjoy and get interested in the classroom situation.

Moreover, t he improvement of students’ writing skill includes: 1) The students

  could write descriptive text in good ideas, organization, appropriate vocabulary, appropriate grammar and mechanics; 2) The mean score of the students improved from the pre-test 60.7 to 71.9 in the first post-test and in the second post-test was 79.5.

  Key words: Writing Skill, Numbered Heads Together, Picture Series Media

  

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Alhamdulillahirrabil’alamin

  All praises be to Allah SWT, the Almighty, for The blessing so that the writer is finally able to finish this thesis as one of the requirements for achieving Undergraduate Degree in English Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas Maret University. This thesis will have never been completed without the assistance of many people. The writer would like to express his greatest gratitude and respect to the following: 1.

  The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University.

  2. The Head of English Education Department, who has given the writer permission to write the thesis and guidance during the writer’s study.

  3. Dr. Suparno, M.Pd as the first consultant for all his time to read in details the thesis drafts, his guidance, advice, critical comments, and patience of every step in the process from the very beginning of the project until the end.

  4. Ellisa Indriyani Putri Handayani, S.Pd., M.Hum as the second consultant for all her time to read in details the thesis drafts, her guidance, advice, critical comments, and patience of every step in the process from the very beginning of the project until the end.

  6. Drs. Sutarsono, the English teacher who helped the writer during the research process, and the students of X IIS 1 of SMA N 1 Sukoharjo 2015/2016, for their cooperation during the research.

  7. Special thanks are given to Nurvita Puput Kurniasih, S.Pd for all her time to help, love, support during the writer’s project, and cheer up when he is down.

  8. All his friends of English Education Department, especially in the Class A of EED 2011 and his best friends Ifnu, Fajar, Kukuh, Chrisna, and Fefe who have given their care, help, suggestions, laughing, and also for the support all the time.

  9. His families, friends, and all the parties who are impossible to mention one by one, thanks for their support, prayer, help, and others that they give to the writer. The writer realizes that this thesis is still far from being perfect, so that he expects comments and suggestion for improvement. Hopefully, this thesis will be useful for the readers.

  Surakarta, November 2017 Gagas Rambu Pamungkas

  TABLE OF CONTENTS

  TITLE .......................................................................................................... i PRONOUNCEMENT ................................................................................. ii SUBMISSION ............................................................................................ iii APPROVAL OF CONSULTANTS ............................................................ iv LEGALIZATION ....................................................................................... v MOTTO ...................................................................................................... vi DEDICATION ............................................................................................ vii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................ viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................ xi LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................... xiii LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................. xiv

  CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study ................................................................ 1 B. Problem Statements ........................................................................ 6 C. The Objectives of the Study ........................................................... 6 D. Benefits of the Study ...................................................................... 6 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW A. Review on Writing ......................................................................... 8 B. Review on Cooperative Learning ................................................... 16 C. Numbered Heads Together (NHT) ................................................. 19 D. Picture Series as Teaching Media .................................................. 22 E. Descriptive Text ............................................................................. 27 F. Review of Relevant Studies ............................................................ 28 G. Rationale ………. ............................................................................ 29

  H.

  Action Hypothesis ………. ............................................................. 31

  CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Place and Time of the Research ..................................................... 32 B. The Subject of the Research ........................................................... 33 C. The Method of the Research .......................................................... 33 D. The Procedure of Action Research ................................................. 36 E. The Technique of Collecting Data ................................................. 37 F. The Technique of Analyzing Data ................................................. 41 CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. Identifying the Problems ................................................................ 43 B. Implementing the Action Research ................................................ 47 C. Research Findings and Discussion ................................................. 65 CHAPTER V: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Conclusion ...................................................................................... 78 B. Implication ...................................................................................... 80 C. Suggestion ...................................................................................... 81 REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 83 APPENDICES ............................................................................................ 86

  LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Composition for Scoring Writing .................................................. 15Table 2.2 The Maximum Score each Writing Aspects ................................. 16Table 3.1 The Activities and Time of research ............................................. 33Table 3.2 Techniques of Data Collection ...................................................... 38Table 4.1 Students

  ’ Pre-test Score ................................................................ 44 Table 4.2

  Students’ Average Pre-test Scores in Writing Aspects ................. 45

Table 4.3 Summary of the Observation in Cycle I ........................................ 53

  Table 4.4 Students’ Average Score of Cycle I .............................................. 55

  Table 4.5 Students’ Average Score in each Writing Aspect of Cycle I ........ 55

Table 4.6 Summary of the Observation in Cycle II ...................................... 62

  Table 4.7 Students’ Average Score of Cycle II ............................................. 63

  Table 4.8 Students’ Average Score in each Writing Aspect of Cycle II ....... 64

  Table 4.9 Improvement of Students’ Learning and Achievement ................ 65

Table 4.10 T he Students’ Improvement in Writing Aspects ........................... 75Table 4.11 T he Improvement of Students’ Mean Score ................................. 77

  IST OF APPENDICES

  Appendix 1: Pre-Research Observation and Analysis ..................................... 87 Appendix 2: Pre-Test ...................................................................................... 94 Appendix 3:

  Sample of Students’ Pre-Test ...................................................... 95 Appendix 4: Students’ Pre-Test Score ............................................................. 98 Appendix 5:

  Teacher’s Pre-Research Interview Transcript ............................. 101 Appendix 6:

  Students’ Pre-Research Interview Script .................................... 104 Appendix 7: Lesson Plan Cycle 1 .................................................................... 108 Appendix 8:

  Sample of Students’ Worksheet .................................................. 127 Appendix 9: Post-Test 1 ................................................................................... 130 Appendix 10:

  Sample of Students’ Post-Test 1 ............................................... 134 Appendix 11:

  Students’ Score of Post Test I ................................................... 137 Appendix 12: The Field Note of Cycle I .......................................................... 140 Appendix 13: Lesson Plan Cycle 2 ................................................................. 145 Appendix 14: Post-Test 2 ................................................................................. 164 Appendix 15:

  Sample of Students’ Post-Test 2 ............................................... 168 Appendix 16:

  Students’ Score of Post Test 2 .................................................. 171 Appendix 17: The Field Note of Cycle 2 ......................................................... 175 Appendix 18:

  Students’ Interview Transcript after Action Research .............. 180 Appendix 19:

  The Improvement of Students’ Score........................................ 183 Appendix 20:

List of Students’ Name .............................................................. 184

  Appendix 21: Documentation .......................................................................... 185 Appendix 22: Legalization ............................................................................... 188