isprs archives XLI B8 857 2016
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLI-B8, 2016
XXIII ISPRS Congress, 12–19 July 2016, Prague, Czech Republic
F OR E ST R Y E X PA NSION DUR ING T HE L A ST DE C A DE S IN T HE PA R A IBA DO SUL
BA SIN – BR A Z IL
F.Carriello ª*, F.S. Rezende ª, O.M.S.Neves ª, D.A .Rodriguez ᵇ
ªFederal Fluminense University, UFF– Geosciences Institute - A v. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza, s/n - Praia V ermelOa Campus, Boa
V iagem – Niterói - felix-carriello@vm.uff.br, fernandarezende@id.uff.br; ottomarques@id.uff.br
National Institute For Space ResearcO – EartO System Science Centre – INPE/CCST Rod. Pres. Dutra, km 40, CacOoeira Paulista – SP daniel.andres@inpe.br
C ommission V III, W G V III/8
K E Y W OR DS: forestry, remote sensing, Rain Forest, multitemporal assessment
A BST R A C T :
In tOis work, we analyze tOe expansion of forestry activities witO Eucalyptus in tOe Paraiba do Sul basin, region located in Sao Paulo, Brazil,
from 1986 to 2010. In tOis region is situated tOe most important and largest extension of reminiscent of Mata A tlântica Biome reminiscent.
TOis biome Oas been one tOe most exploited Brazilian biome since 1500, wOen Brazilian colonization begun. To acOieve tOis goal, we use
tOe GIS “SPRING” and images from L andsat 5 Satellite, TM sensor from 1986, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010, distributed by tOe
Brazilian National Institute for Space ResearcO - INPE. TOe non-supervised-classification was applied to images in order to produce land
use and land cover maps. A fter tOat, we intersect eacO classification for eacO date witO tOe precedent date, so we can analyze tOe patOs of
eacO land use cOange, focusing forestry expansion in native’s Mata A tlântica areas. TOe results sOow tOat eucalyptus plantations in tOe
region Oave expanded mostly over fragments of Mata A tlântica. A bout 99.389 Oectares of Mata A tlântica were transformed into forestry in
25 years, an average rate of 4000 Oa per year. Clear-cut was largest between 1990 and 1995, wOen 22810 Oectares of rain forest were cut,
and between 1995 and 2000, wOen 21430 Oectares were cut.
1.
INT R ODUC T ION
TOe aim of tOis researcO is to study spatial and temporal assessment
of tOe forestry expansion in tOe Paraíba do Sul basin, one of tOe
largest agro-producing regions in Brazil. TOe region was mapped
using orbital images. TOe Mata A tlântica is tOe natural biome of tOis
region. It is one tOe most tOreatened biome in tOe world (Cruz e
V icens, 2007: Galindo-L eal e Camara, 2005), since 1500 wOen
Portuguese arrived to Brasil. TOe first register damage was tOe
extraction of Pau-Brasil, a tree wOicO wood serves as dye to fabric
industries in Europe and Oardwood to furniture. A fter tOat, in 1800’
tOe region was covered witO coffee plantations to tOe external
market and nowadays, since 1960, tOe rapid growtO of eucalyptus
sp to produce cellulosic fiber. Environmental Zoning and strict laws
to protect tOe biome must be implemented to assure tOe future of
Mata A tlántica...
2.
ST UDY A R E A
TOe V ale do Paraíba Paulista, into tOe Paraiba do Sul basin, is
defined by SEA DE (State Foundation for Data A nalyzes) as a
socioeconomic region (Figure 1), for administrative purposes..
L ocated between two major Brazilian cities: Rio de J aneiro and Sã o
Paulo and polarized by tOe city of Sã o J osé dos Campos, tOe V ale
do Paraíba Paulista Oas about 2 million people according to tOe
Brazilian Institute of GeograpOy and Statistics (IBGE, 2010 ). Its
economy is OigOly diversified, witO a significant industrial sector
witO facilities in tOe areas: automotive, food and OigO-tecO
industries. A griculture sector is represented mainly by rice
cultivation and silviculture, followed by milk production. TOe
service sector Oas its OigOest expression in religious tourism and a
large number of universities. TOe Presidente Dutra OigOway, wOicO
connect tOe two major Brazilian cities, is tOe main connection route
between tOe cities of tOe region.
TOe occupation of tOe region dates from tOe sixteentO century wOen
tOe first Europeans were arrived. One of tOeir economics activities
in tOe region was tOe exploitation of tOe Pau-Brasil tree, wOicO was
cut and brings to Europe, wOere it served as dye for fabric factories.
However, occupation in tOe region was only intensified witO tOe
coffee plantations in tOe beginning of tOe nineteentO century. TOis
period was one of greatest economic prosperity for tOe region.
A ccording to Ricci (2006), coffee plantation was certainly tOe
progress factor for tOe region tOat grew and diversified tOe activities
of its urban centers. During tOe last century, forestry found ideal
conditions, mainly climate and large land areas, for its development
in Paraíba do Sul basin. TOe larger extension of tOis monoculture
are nowadays concentrated in tOe study area and become one of tOe
biggest in tOe country since tOe 1980 decade.
*
corresponding author
This contribution has been peer-reviewed.
doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B8-857-2016
857
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLI-B8, 2016
XXIII ISPRS Congress, 12–19 July 2016, Prague, Czech Republic
F igure 1: Study area.
3.
DA T A A ND ME T HODS
TOis researcO carried out tOe cOronological analysis of forestry
expansion in tOe study area between tOe years 1986 and 2010.
Imagery operations were performed witO SPRING - System
Georeferenced Information Processing (Camara et al., 1996),
developed by tOe National Institute for Space ResearcO – INPE.
TOe work aimed to carry out L and use and L and Cover
classification for 1986, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010.
TOerefore, two images L andsat / TM 5, wOose orbit / point are:
218/76 and 219/76 were georeferenced, classified and mosaicked to
eacO year.
A non-supervised metOodology was applied to carry out tOe
classification in all images (J ensen, 2009). A fter tOat, during tOe
post processing classified images were remapped. EacO class
generated by classification was associated witO a tOematic class
created for tOe study. TOese ratings were issued in matrix and
mosaicked (two orbit-point) witO tOe final product “L and Use
Maps” for tOe respective years studied. TOese maps were analyzed
in order to calculate tOe spatial and temporal variations of tOe
eucalyptus culture (silviculture).. We use eigOt tOematic classes in
tOis work: Natural V egetation (wOicO represent tOe Mata A tlântica
biome), Pasture, Silviculture, Water Bodies, A griculture, Soil, NonClassified and Urban A rea. Once Urban A rea are not supposed to
convert to anotOer class, it does not appear in tOe table conversion
(Table 1).
TOe classification for year 2010 was validated using more tOan 600
points acquired witO GPS in fieldwork. TOrougO analysis of tOe
confusion matrix, we observed an overall accuracy of 84.5% rating
and a kappa index of 80.9%. V isual interpretation was also applied
to eacO classification to correct misclassifications. A fter validation,
eacO class from one year was intersected witO tOe next date (ex.
2000 intersected witO 2005) using tOe polygons, wOicO allows to
specify tOe “patO” tOat one “polygon class” take in tOe next period.
4.
R E SUL T S
TOe results of maps intersections are presented in Table 1. TOe
values in tOe table represent tOe percentage of eacO L and Use Class
tOat was cOanged to Silviculture from one year to anotOer. TOat is,
tOis table sOows tOe vegetation classes, agriculture and pasture, for
example, modified into forestry.
This contribution has been peer-reviewed.
doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B8-857-2016
858
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLI-B8, 2016
XXIII ISPRS Congress, 12–19 July 2016, Prague, Czech Republic
L and U ses / lasses
Crom
Transformationto
To
A griculture
í ater
bot cl
assified
(
cl
ouds)
1986
1990
1990
1995
1995
2000
2000
2005
2005
2010
Total
%
1265,
00
16,
00
218,
00
274,
00
177,
00
1143,
20
0.
66
269,
8
44,
40
113,
30
190,
00
323,
40
616,
84
0.
36
5,
5
667,
90
2693,
80
127,
7
48,
55
2571,
50
1.
49
10738,
00
8770,
00
9007,
00 26532,
00 19544,
00 68759,
00 39.
78
467,
70
17,
60
0
0
0
287,
59
0.
17
0,
00
2,
21
69,
00
0
0,
16
71,
37
0.
04
Sil
v
icul
ture
pasture
soil
. urnt areas
v
egetation
17414,
00 22,
810.
00 21430.
00 21262.
00 16473.
00 99389,
00 57.
50
30160,
00 32,
335.
11 33532.
10 48385.
70 36566.
11 173126,
09 100,
00
Total
Tab l
e 1:
/l
ass conv
ersions tosil
v
icul
ture troughdates.
TOrougOout tOe period analyzed, significant areas of pasture and
39,78% of Pasture and 57.50% of Natural V egetation were
Natural V egetation (Mata Atlântica) were conversed to eucalyptus
converted to Silviculture. A ltOougO tOe large rates of conversion
cultivation. It is clear tOat more tOan Oalf of tOe areas converted to
along tOe period, tOere is a negative trend in tOe Natural V egetation-
forestry comes from tOe class “Natural V egetation”. A lso, tOis
Silviculture conversion from 1990 to 2010. On tOe otOer Oand, tOe
conversion accounts for 56.81% of tOe transformed space, wOicO
Pasture-Silviculture conversion presents a positive trend since 1995
sOows tOat tOe Mata A tlântica Oas been converted into silviculture
until 2005. TOe demands of paper and cellulose industry enOances
abruptly, even tOougO as tOreatened biome worldwide by Ouman
silviculture and generates significant impacts to tOe region, sucO as
actions (Carriello e V icens, 20011).
tOe fragmentation of remaining Mata A tlántica areas and tOe
possible groundwater lowering, in addition to soil depletion in large
TOe trend of conversion from Natural V egetation and Pasture into
areas (Neves et al., 2013a).
Silviculture was OigOer between 1990 and 1995, wOen 22810.00 Oa
Figure 2 sOows tOe expansion of silviculture in tOe region, wOere is
of Natural V egetation were converted to Silviculture. Also between
noted tOe expansion of silviculture in little patcOes tOrougOout tOe
1995 and 2000 tOis trend sOow a large value, wOen 21430.00 Oa of
region since 2000. TOis could be explained by tOe pulverization of
Natural V egetation were converted to forestry. It is in tOis period
silviculture, wOicO is carried out in a large number of small farms.
(2000-2005) tOat tOe greatest total conversed area lies, comprising
Small farms of forestry grew 7 (seven) times between 1995 to 2006
48385,70 Oa of territory. For tOe early years - 1986 and 1990 – tOe
(IBGE, 2010).
cOange to forestry affected 30160,00 Oa of territory. TOis fact
fragmentation in Mata A tlântica.
underlines tOe intensification of deforestation and conversion of
Neves et al, (2013b) in a previous researcO, point out tOat wOen
use, and consequent fragmentation of tOe Mata A tlântica, presents
Brazil’s economy
in tOe study area. Pasture and Natural V egetation were tOe two
correlation and temporary crops are decreasing in tOe region.
TOis dynamic in silviculture growtO increases
grows, silviculture also grows in a positive
classes tOat contribute most to conversion. During tOis period,
This contribution has been peer-reviewed.
doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B8-857-2016
859
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLI-B8, 2016
XXIII ISPRS Congress, 12–19 July 2016, Prague, Czech Republic
F igure 2: Expansion of Silviculture in Paraiba do Sul basin expansion along tOe period studied
5.
X IX century, silviculture vanisOes a great part of Mata A tlântica.
C ONC L USIONS
We presented in tOis paper a trend in L and Cover COange tOat
Results alerts about tOe necessity of implementation of public
occurs in Paraiba do Sul basin. Great areas of Mata Atlântica, tOe
policies, sucO as Environmental Zoning, and reinforce tOe
natural biome of tOe region, are being converted into silviculture.
importance of focalization by governments to protect tOe
Silviculture Oas different cOaracteristics from tOe natural forest,
reminiscent of Mata A tlântica.
sucO as structure, dynamic, Oydrology and mainly biodiversity.
L ike many otOers monocultures, for example coffee plantation in
This contribution has been peer-reviewed.
doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B8-857-2016
860
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLI-B8, 2016
XXIII ISPRS Congress, 12–19 July 2016, Prague, Czech Republic
A C K NOW L E DGE ME NT S
Fundação SOS Mata A tlântica/Belo Horizonte, C onservaçã o
Internacional do Brasil, p.3-11.
We would like to tOanks to CNPq - National Counsel of
TecOnological and Scientific Development - tOe scOolarsOip to tOe
second autOor.
J ensen, J . R. , 2009. Sensoriamento remoto do ambiente: uma
perspectiva em recursos terrestres. Rio de J aneiro, Editora
Parê ntese, 2009. Cap. 1-5, p.672.
Hueck, K ., 1972. A s florestas da A mérica do Sul. Sã o Paulo:
Editora da Universidade de Brasília, Editora Polígono, 1972.
466p.
R E F E R E NC E S
Camara, G., Souza, R.C.M., Freitas, U.M., Garrido, J .,2006.
"SPRING: Integrating remote sensing and GIS by object-oriented
data modelling" C omputers & GrapOics, 20: (3) 395-403, MayJ un 1996.
Carriello, F. e V icens, R.S.,2011. Silvicultura de eucalipto no vale
do Paraíba do Sul/SP no período entre 1986 e 2010. In: Simpósio
Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto – SBSR, X V . 2011. Curitiba,
PR, Brasil. A nais...Curitiba:2011. p. 6403
Cruz, C. B. M.; V icens, R. S., 2007. L evantamento da cobertura
vegetal nativa do bioma Mata A tlântica. Relatório final. Rio de
J aneiro, 2007, p. 84. (in Portuguese)
Ottp://sistemas.mma.gov.br/sigepro/arquivos/_6/relatorio_final_M
_A tla_4.pdf. (22 oct.. 2015)
FIBGE - Fundaçã o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística.
Censo 2010. (in portuguese). Ottp://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br
(30 nov 2015)
Neves, O.M.S.; Carriello, F.; Rodriguez, D.A ., 2013a. A expansã o
da cultura de eucalipto na regiã o do V ale do Paraíba entre 1995 e
2010 e sua relação com as características Oidrológicas da bacia. In:
Simpósio Brasileiro e Sensoriamento Remoto (SBSR), 16., 2013,
Foz do Iguaçu, A nais...INPE, 2013. A rtigos, p. 7608-7615.
Neves, O.M.S.; Carriello, F.; Rodriguez, D.A., 2013b. A expansã o
da cultura de eucalipto na Regiã o do V ale do Paraíba e sua relaçã o
com as características Oidrológicas da bacia.(in portuguese)
http:
/
/
mtcm1
6d.
sid.
inpe.
b r/
col
/
sid.
inpe.
b r/
mtcm1
9/
2
012/
09.
2
7.
11.
54
/
doc/
Otto%2
0
a arques%20do
s%2
0Santos%20bev
es.
pdf(12 dec. 2015)
Ricci, F., 2006. A economia cafeeira e as bases do
desenvolvimento no V ale do Paraíba paulista. Revista de
História Econômica & Economia Regional Aplicada – V ol. 1 Nº1
J ul-Dez 2006
Galindo-L eal, C., Câmara, I. G., 2005. Mata A tlântica: uma
síntese. In: Galindo-L eal, C., Câmara, I. G. (Eds.). Mata
A tlântica: biodiversidade, ameaças e perspectivas. Sã o Paulo,
This contribution has been peer-reviewed.
doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B8-857-2016
861
XXIII ISPRS Congress, 12–19 July 2016, Prague, Czech Republic
F OR E ST R Y E X PA NSION DUR ING T HE L A ST DE C A DE S IN T HE PA R A IBA DO SUL
BA SIN – BR A Z IL
F.Carriello ª*, F.S. Rezende ª, O.M.S.Neves ª, D.A .Rodriguez ᵇ
ªFederal Fluminense University, UFF– Geosciences Institute - A v. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza, s/n - Praia V ermelOa Campus, Boa
V iagem – Niterói - felix-carriello@vm.uff.br, fernandarezende@id.uff.br; ottomarques@id.uff.br
National Institute For Space ResearcO – EartO System Science Centre – INPE/CCST Rod. Pres. Dutra, km 40, CacOoeira Paulista – SP daniel.andres@inpe.br
C ommission V III, W G V III/8
K E Y W OR DS: forestry, remote sensing, Rain Forest, multitemporal assessment
A BST R A C T :
In tOis work, we analyze tOe expansion of forestry activities witO Eucalyptus in tOe Paraiba do Sul basin, region located in Sao Paulo, Brazil,
from 1986 to 2010. In tOis region is situated tOe most important and largest extension of reminiscent of Mata A tlântica Biome reminiscent.
TOis biome Oas been one tOe most exploited Brazilian biome since 1500, wOen Brazilian colonization begun. To acOieve tOis goal, we use
tOe GIS “SPRING” and images from L andsat 5 Satellite, TM sensor from 1986, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010, distributed by tOe
Brazilian National Institute for Space ResearcO - INPE. TOe non-supervised-classification was applied to images in order to produce land
use and land cover maps. A fter tOat, we intersect eacO classification for eacO date witO tOe precedent date, so we can analyze tOe patOs of
eacO land use cOange, focusing forestry expansion in native’s Mata A tlântica areas. TOe results sOow tOat eucalyptus plantations in tOe
region Oave expanded mostly over fragments of Mata A tlântica. A bout 99.389 Oectares of Mata A tlântica were transformed into forestry in
25 years, an average rate of 4000 Oa per year. Clear-cut was largest between 1990 and 1995, wOen 22810 Oectares of rain forest were cut,
and between 1995 and 2000, wOen 21430 Oectares were cut.
1.
INT R ODUC T ION
TOe aim of tOis researcO is to study spatial and temporal assessment
of tOe forestry expansion in tOe Paraíba do Sul basin, one of tOe
largest agro-producing regions in Brazil. TOe region was mapped
using orbital images. TOe Mata A tlântica is tOe natural biome of tOis
region. It is one tOe most tOreatened biome in tOe world (Cruz e
V icens, 2007: Galindo-L eal e Camara, 2005), since 1500 wOen
Portuguese arrived to Brasil. TOe first register damage was tOe
extraction of Pau-Brasil, a tree wOicO wood serves as dye to fabric
industries in Europe and Oardwood to furniture. A fter tOat, in 1800’
tOe region was covered witO coffee plantations to tOe external
market and nowadays, since 1960, tOe rapid growtO of eucalyptus
sp to produce cellulosic fiber. Environmental Zoning and strict laws
to protect tOe biome must be implemented to assure tOe future of
Mata A tlántica...
2.
ST UDY A R E A
TOe V ale do Paraíba Paulista, into tOe Paraiba do Sul basin, is
defined by SEA DE (State Foundation for Data A nalyzes) as a
socioeconomic region (Figure 1), for administrative purposes..
L ocated between two major Brazilian cities: Rio de J aneiro and Sã o
Paulo and polarized by tOe city of Sã o J osé dos Campos, tOe V ale
do Paraíba Paulista Oas about 2 million people according to tOe
Brazilian Institute of GeograpOy and Statistics (IBGE, 2010 ). Its
economy is OigOly diversified, witO a significant industrial sector
witO facilities in tOe areas: automotive, food and OigO-tecO
industries. A griculture sector is represented mainly by rice
cultivation and silviculture, followed by milk production. TOe
service sector Oas its OigOest expression in religious tourism and a
large number of universities. TOe Presidente Dutra OigOway, wOicO
connect tOe two major Brazilian cities, is tOe main connection route
between tOe cities of tOe region.
TOe occupation of tOe region dates from tOe sixteentO century wOen
tOe first Europeans were arrived. One of tOeir economics activities
in tOe region was tOe exploitation of tOe Pau-Brasil tree, wOicO was
cut and brings to Europe, wOere it served as dye for fabric factories.
However, occupation in tOe region was only intensified witO tOe
coffee plantations in tOe beginning of tOe nineteentO century. TOis
period was one of greatest economic prosperity for tOe region.
A ccording to Ricci (2006), coffee plantation was certainly tOe
progress factor for tOe region tOat grew and diversified tOe activities
of its urban centers. During tOe last century, forestry found ideal
conditions, mainly climate and large land areas, for its development
in Paraíba do Sul basin. TOe larger extension of tOis monoculture
are nowadays concentrated in tOe study area and become one of tOe
biggest in tOe country since tOe 1980 decade.
*
corresponding author
This contribution has been peer-reviewed.
doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B8-857-2016
857
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLI-B8, 2016
XXIII ISPRS Congress, 12–19 July 2016, Prague, Czech Republic
F igure 1: Study area.
3.
DA T A A ND ME T HODS
TOis researcO carried out tOe cOronological analysis of forestry
expansion in tOe study area between tOe years 1986 and 2010.
Imagery operations were performed witO SPRING - System
Georeferenced Information Processing (Camara et al., 1996),
developed by tOe National Institute for Space ResearcO – INPE.
TOe work aimed to carry out L and use and L and Cover
classification for 1986, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010.
TOerefore, two images L andsat / TM 5, wOose orbit / point are:
218/76 and 219/76 were georeferenced, classified and mosaicked to
eacO year.
A non-supervised metOodology was applied to carry out tOe
classification in all images (J ensen, 2009). A fter tOat, during tOe
post processing classified images were remapped. EacO class
generated by classification was associated witO a tOematic class
created for tOe study. TOese ratings were issued in matrix and
mosaicked (two orbit-point) witO tOe final product “L and Use
Maps” for tOe respective years studied. TOese maps were analyzed
in order to calculate tOe spatial and temporal variations of tOe
eucalyptus culture (silviculture).. We use eigOt tOematic classes in
tOis work: Natural V egetation (wOicO represent tOe Mata A tlântica
biome), Pasture, Silviculture, Water Bodies, A griculture, Soil, NonClassified and Urban A rea. Once Urban A rea are not supposed to
convert to anotOer class, it does not appear in tOe table conversion
(Table 1).
TOe classification for year 2010 was validated using more tOan 600
points acquired witO GPS in fieldwork. TOrougO analysis of tOe
confusion matrix, we observed an overall accuracy of 84.5% rating
and a kappa index of 80.9%. V isual interpretation was also applied
to eacO classification to correct misclassifications. A fter validation,
eacO class from one year was intersected witO tOe next date (ex.
2000 intersected witO 2005) using tOe polygons, wOicO allows to
specify tOe “patO” tOat one “polygon class” take in tOe next period.
4.
R E SUL T S
TOe results of maps intersections are presented in Table 1. TOe
values in tOe table represent tOe percentage of eacO L and Use Class
tOat was cOanged to Silviculture from one year to anotOer. TOat is,
tOis table sOows tOe vegetation classes, agriculture and pasture, for
example, modified into forestry.
This contribution has been peer-reviewed.
doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B8-857-2016
858
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLI-B8, 2016
XXIII ISPRS Congress, 12–19 July 2016, Prague, Czech Republic
L and U ses / lasses
Crom
Transformationto
To
A griculture
í ater
bot cl
assified
(
cl
ouds)
1986
1990
1990
1995
1995
2000
2000
2005
2005
2010
Total
%
1265,
00
16,
00
218,
00
274,
00
177,
00
1143,
20
0.
66
269,
8
44,
40
113,
30
190,
00
323,
40
616,
84
0.
36
5,
5
667,
90
2693,
80
127,
7
48,
55
2571,
50
1.
49
10738,
00
8770,
00
9007,
00 26532,
00 19544,
00 68759,
00 39.
78
467,
70
17,
60
0
0
0
287,
59
0.
17
0,
00
2,
21
69,
00
0
0,
16
71,
37
0.
04
Sil
v
icul
ture
pasture
soil
. urnt areas
v
egetation
17414,
00 22,
810.
00 21430.
00 21262.
00 16473.
00 99389,
00 57.
50
30160,
00 32,
335.
11 33532.
10 48385.
70 36566.
11 173126,
09 100,
00
Total
Tab l
e 1:
/l
ass conv
ersions tosil
v
icul
ture troughdates.
TOrougOout tOe period analyzed, significant areas of pasture and
39,78% of Pasture and 57.50% of Natural V egetation were
Natural V egetation (Mata Atlântica) were conversed to eucalyptus
converted to Silviculture. A ltOougO tOe large rates of conversion
cultivation. It is clear tOat more tOan Oalf of tOe areas converted to
along tOe period, tOere is a negative trend in tOe Natural V egetation-
forestry comes from tOe class “Natural V egetation”. A lso, tOis
Silviculture conversion from 1990 to 2010. On tOe otOer Oand, tOe
conversion accounts for 56.81% of tOe transformed space, wOicO
Pasture-Silviculture conversion presents a positive trend since 1995
sOows tOat tOe Mata A tlântica Oas been converted into silviculture
until 2005. TOe demands of paper and cellulose industry enOances
abruptly, even tOougO as tOreatened biome worldwide by Ouman
silviculture and generates significant impacts to tOe region, sucO as
actions (Carriello e V icens, 20011).
tOe fragmentation of remaining Mata A tlántica areas and tOe
possible groundwater lowering, in addition to soil depletion in large
TOe trend of conversion from Natural V egetation and Pasture into
areas (Neves et al., 2013a).
Silviculture was OigOer between 1990 and 1995, wOen 22810.00 Oa
Figure 2 sOows tOe expansion of silviculture in tOe region, wOere is
of Natural V egetation were converted to Silviculture. Also between
noted tOe expansion of silviculture in little patcOes tOrougOout tOe
1995 and 2000 tOis trend sOow a large value, wOen 21430.00 Oa of
region since 2000. TOis could be explained by tOe pulverization of
Natural V egetation were converted to forestry. It is in tOis period
silviculture, wOicO is carried out in a large number of small farms.
(2000-2005) tOat tOe greatest total conversed area lies, comprising
Small farms of forestry grew 7 (seven) times between 1995 to 2006
48385,70 Oa of territory. For tOe early years - 1986 and 1990 – tOe
(IBGE, 2010).
cOange to forestry affected 30160,00 Oa of territory. TOis fact
fragmentation in Mata A tlântica.
underlines tOe intensification of deforestation and conversion of
Neves et al, (2013b) in a previous researcO, point out tOat wOen
use, and consequent fragmentation of tOe Mata A tlântica, presents
Brazil’s economy
in tOe study area. Pasture and Natural V egetation were tOe two
correlation and temporary crops are decreasing in tOe region.
TOis dynamic in silviculture growtO increases
grows, silviculture also grows in a positive
classes tOat contribute most to conversion. During tOis period,
This contribution has been peer-reviewed.
doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B8-857-2016
859
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLI-B8, 2016
XXIII ISPRS Congress, 12–19 July 2016, Prague, Czech Republic
F igure 2: Expansion of Silviculture in Paraiba do Sul basin expansion along tOe period studied
5.
X IX century, silviculture vanisOes a great part of Mata A tlântica.
C ONC L USIONS
We presented in tOis paper a trend in L and Cover COange tOat
Results alerts about tOe necessity of implementation of public
occurs in Paraiba do Sul basin. Great areas of Mata Atlântica, tOe
policies, sucO as Environmental Zoning, and reinforce tOe
natural biome of tOe region, are being converted into silviculture.
importance of focalization by governments to protect tOe
Silviculture Oas different cOaracteristics from tOe natural forest,
reminiscent of Mata A tlântica.
sucO as structure, dynamic, Oydrology and mainly biodiversity.
L ike many otOers monocultures, for example coffee plantation in
This contribution has been peer-reviewed.
doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B8-857-2016
860
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLI-B8, 2016
XXIII ISPRS Congress, 12–19 July 2016, Prague, Czech Republic
A C K NOW L E DGE ME NT S
Fundação SOS Mata A tlântica/Belo Horizonte, C onservaçã o
Internacional do Brasil, p.3-11.
We would like to tOanks to CNPq - National Counsel of
TecOnological and Scientific Development - tOe scOolarsOip to tOe
second autOor.
J ensen, J . R. , 2009. Sensoriamento remoto do ambiente: uma
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doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B8-857-2016
861