The influence of social environment on Veronika's decision to commit suicide as seen in Coelho's Veronika decides to die.

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ii i x T C A R T S B A it n a s u

S . ( 120 3 . ) The Inlfuence o fSocia lEnvironmen ton Veronika’ sDecsiion to e i D o t s e d i c e D a k i n o r e V s ’ o h l e o C n i n e e S s a e d i c i u S t i m m o

C .Yogyaka tra :Facu tly

, n o it a c u d E s tr A d n a e g a u g n a L f o t n e m tr a p e D , n o it a c u d E d n a g n i n i a r T s r e h c a e T f o . y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S , m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d E h s il g n E , l e v o n s ’ o h l e o C o l u a P s e s s u c s i d s i s e h t s i h

T VeronikaDecidest o Die . tIi sa l ri g n a i n e v o l S g n u o y a t u o b a y r o t

s in age of twenty-fou rwho relaitvely ha san t i e c n i s y r o t s g n it s e r e t n i y r e v a s i s i h T . e c n a r a e p p a l a c i s y h p l a e d i d n a e fi l l a e d i .l u fi t u a e b s y a w l a t o n s i e fi l t a h t s r e d a e r e h t o t n o it a m r o f n i s e v i g p o w t e r a e r e h

T roblemst oansweri n t hi sstudy .Thef risti show Veronika’ s t n e m n o ri v n e l a i c o s f o e c n e u lf n i e h t s i d n o c e s e h t d n a , d e b ir c s e d e r a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c . e d i c i u s ti m m o c o t n o i s i c e d s ’ a k i n o r e V n o g n i s s a p m o c n e h c r a e s e r y r a r b il s i y d u t s s i h t n i d e y o l p m e d o h t e m e h

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n Veronika Decide sto Die w irtten by Paulo Coelho a sthe p irmary data , e h t s a t e n r e t n i e h t m o r f a t a d o s l a d n a y g o l o h c y s p , s e s e h t , e r u t a r e ti l f o s k o o b d n a s i h t e s u a c e b l a c i g o l o h c y s p s i y d u t s s i h t n i d e s u h c a o r p p a e h T . s e c r u o s y r a d n o c e s a l e r y d u t

s te sto the main character’ smoitvaiton .Thi sstudy also used socio -o i c o s e h t e t a g it s e v n i o t h c a o r p p a l a c ir o t s i h l a r u tl u

c -cutlura l and histo irca l

. e d i c i u s ti m m o c o t n o i s i c e d s ’ a k i n o r e V e c n e u lf n i h c i h w s g n i d n u o r r u s s i a k i n o r e V t a h t s l a e v e r g n i d n if t s ri f e h

T abeautfiu lwomanwhocan atrtac t , c it s i m i s s e p a s a d e b ir c s e d s i e h s , s ti a rt y ti l a n o s r e p r e h m o r F . n o it n e tt a s ’ e l p o e p ll e w , t n e d n e p e d n i , e lt ti r

b -planned ,inrtovetr ,coward ,and c iritca lperson .In the c n e u lf n i e h t t a h t l a e v e r s g n i d n if e h t ,s i s y l a n a d n o c e

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F suggesiton sto the future researcher sconcerning n o h c r a e s e r e r u t u f e l b i s s o

p Veronika Decides t o Die, t hi sstudy also suggestst he n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n E n i h s il g n E g n i h c a e t n i l e v o n e h t f o n o it a t n e m e l p m i f o l e v o n e h T . m a r g o r P y d u t

S Veronika Decidest o eDi can beused ast he source .r e t s e m e s t s ri f e h t r o f g n i d a e R g n i h c a e t r o f e d i c i u s , n o it a v it o m , t n e m n o ri v n e l a i c o s , e c n e u lf n i : s d r o w y e K

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v i x K A R T S B A it n a s u

S . ( 120 3 . ) The Inlfuence o fSocia lEnvironmen ton Veronika’ sDecsiion to e i D o t s e d i c e D a k i n o r e V s ’ o h l e o C n i n e e S s a e d i c i u S t i m m o

C . Yogyakarta :

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F rstia sSanataDharma.

o t s e d i c e D a k i n o r e V u ti a y o h l e o C o l u a P l e v o n g n a t n e t s a h a b m e m i n i i s p i r k S h u l u p a u d a i s u r e b a i n e v o l S s i d a g g n a r o e s g n a t n e t n a k a ti r e c n e m i n i l e v o N . e i D i n i l e v o N . l a e d i g n a y k i si f n a li p m a n e p n a d n a p u d i h e k i a y n u p m e m g n a y t a p m e a k a p u r e

m n certia yang sanga tmenarik karena membe irkan informas ikepada . h a d n i u l a l e s h a l k a d it p u d i h a w h a b a c a b m e p u ti a y a m a t r e p g n a y , h a l a s a m n a s u m u r m a l a d n a a y n a tr e p a u d a d A h u r a g n e p a n a m i a g a b a u d e k g n a y n a d , n a k r a b m a g i d a k i n o r e V h o k o t a n a m i a g a b n a g n u k g n

il sosialt erhadapkeputusanVeronikauntukmelakukanbunuhdri.i n a a k a t s u p r e p n a it il e n e p h a l a d a i n i i d u ts m a l a d n a k a n u g i d g n a y e d o t e M i a g a b e s o h l e o C o l u a P h e l o s il u ti d g n a y e i D o t s e d i c e D a k i n o r e V l e v o n i t u p il e m u k u b , a m a t u a t a

d -buku mengena i ltieratur , skripsi , psikolog i dan data dar i i n i i d u ts m a l a d n a k a n u g i d g n a y n a t a k e d n e P . g n u k u d n e p r e b m u s i a g a b e s t e n r e t n i h o k o t is a v it o m n a g n e d n a g n u b u h r e b i n i i d u t s a n e r a k i g o l o k i s p n a t a k e d n e p h a l a d a s h a r a j e s i k i d il e y n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d a g u j a y a d u b l a i s o s h a r a j e S . a m a t

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.. .. .. .. .. . S R E N I M A X E F O D R A O B F O E G A

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G A

P OFDEDICATION ................................................................................ iv ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. Y T I L A N I G I R O S ’ K R O W F O T N E M E T A T

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.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C

A ................................ iv i ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. S T N E T N O C F O E L B A

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ii x . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . S E C I D N E P P A F O T S I L

T C A R T S B

A .................................................................................................... . x iii K

A R T S B

A .......................................................................................................... x v i

R E T P A H

C IINTRODUCTION .................................................................... . 1

1.1 Backgroundoft heStudy... . 1 1.2 ProblemFormulaiton... 4 1.3 Objecitve soft heStudy ... . 5 1.4 Benefti soft heStudy ... 5 1.5 DeifniitonofTerms... . 6

W E I V E R I I R E T P A H

C OFRELATEDLITERATURE .............................. 8

s e i d u t S d e t a l e R f o w e i v e R 1 .

2 ... 8 s

e ir o e h T d e t a l e R f o w e i v e R 2 .

2 ... . 10 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. . n o it a z ir e t c a r a h C d n a r e t c a r a h C f o y r o e h T 1 . 2 .

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.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. n o it a v it o M f o y r o e h T 2 . 2 .

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x .

2 .

2 3 Theoryo fEnvrionment. ... 16 .

2 .

2 4 Theoryo fSociety ... 18 2.3Reviewo fC iritca lApproach ... .1 9

4 .

2 Socio- uC tlura lHisto irca lBackgroundo fSlovenia ... . 02 2.5 TheoreitcalFramework ... 25

Y G O L O D O H T E M I I I R E T P A H

C ................................................................ 72

3.1Objec toft heStudy. ... . 72 3. 2Approachoft heStudy. ... . 28 3.3 Methodoft heStudy ... . 28

I R E T P A H

C V ANALYSIS ........................................................................... 30

4.1TheDescirpitono fVeronika. ... 30 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. n o it p ir c s e D l a c i s y h P 1 . 1 .

4 ... . 31 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. n o it p ir c s e D y ti l a n o s r e P 2 . 1 .

4 ... . 34

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . e lt ti r B d n a c it s i m i s s e P 1 . 2 . 1 .

4 ... . 4 3 ll

e W d n a t n e d n e p e d n I 2 . 2 . 1 .

4 -Planned ... 63 d

n a t r e v o rt n I 3 . 2 . 1 .

4 Coward. ... 83 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. l a c it ir C 4 . 2 . 1 .

4 ... 14 4.2 TheI n lfuenceo fSocia lEnvrionmen tonVeronika’s

Decisiont oCommi tSuicide ... . 34 1

. 2 .

4 TheCondiitono fSocietyWhereVeronikaLives... . 44 7 4 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . t n e m n o ri v n E y li m a F s ’ a k i n o r e V 2 . 2 . 4

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i x

4. 3Veronika’ sMoitvaitont oCommi tSuicide ... . 05 g

n i g n o l e B d e ll if l u f n U 1 . 3 .

4 nes sandLoveNeeds. ... . 15 fl

e S d e ll if l u f n U 2 . 3 .

4 -EsteemNeeds. ... 4 . 5 fl

e S d e ll if l u f n U 3 . 3 .

4 - cA tuailzaitonNeeds. ... 65

R E T P A H

C V CONCLUSIONSANDSUGGESTIONS .............................. 95

5.1Conclusions. ... . 95 5.2Suggesitons. ... . 06

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . S E C N E R E F E

R ...... . 36

I D N E P P

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ii x

S E C I D N E P P A F O T S I L

1 X I D N E P P

A : Summaryo fVeronikaDecidest oDie... . 67

2 X I D N E P P

A : TheAuthor’ sBiography ... . 69

X I D N E P P

A 3: TheAuthor’ sPicture ... 72

X I D N E P P

A 4: TheAuthor’ sWorks. ... 73

X I D N E P P

A 5: LessonPlan ... 75

X I D N E P P

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ii i x T C A R T S B A it n a s u

S . ( 120 3 .) The Inlfuence o fSocia lEnvironmen ton Veronika’ sDecsiion to e i D o t s e d i c e D a k i n o r e V s ’ o h l e o C n i n e e S s a e d i c i u S t i m m o

C .Yogyaka tra :Facu tly , n o it a c u d E s tr A d n a e g a u g n a L f o t n e m tr a p e D , n o it a c u d E d n a g n i n i a r T s r e h c a e T f o . y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S , m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d E h s il g n E , l e v o n s ’ o h l e o C o l u a P s e s s u c s i d s i s e h t s i h

T VeronikaDecidest o Die . tIi sa l ri g n a i n e v o l S g n u o y a t u o b a y r o t

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f o l e v o

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c -cutlura l and histo irca l

. e d i c i u s ti m m o c o t n o i s i c e d s ’ a k i n o r e V e c n e u lf n i h c i h w s g n i d n u o r r u s s i a k i n o r e V t a h t s l a e v e r g n i d n if t s ri f e h

b -planned ,inrtovetr ,coward ,and c iritca lperson .In the c n e u lf n i e h t t a h t l a e v e r s g n i d n if e h t ,s i s y l a n a d n o c e

s e o fsocial envrionmen tand

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p Veronika Decidest o Die, t hi sstudy also suggestst he n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n E n i h s il g n E g n i h c a e t n i l e v o n e h t f o n o it a t n e m e l p m i f o l e v o n e h T . m a r g o r P y d u t

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v i x K A R T S B A it n a s u

S . ( 120 3 .) The Inlfuence o fSocia lEnvironmen ton Veronika’ sDecsiion to e i D o t s e d i c e D a k i n o r e V s ’ o h l e o C n i n e e S s a e d i c i u S t i m m o

C . Yogyakarta : , i n e S n a d a s a h a B n a k i d i d n e P n a s u r u J , s i r g g n I a s a h a B n a k i d i d n e P i d u t S m a r g o r P e v i n U , n a k i d i d n e P u m lI n a d n a u r u g e K s a tl u k a

F rstia sSanataDharma.

m n certia yang sanga tmenarik karena memberikan informas ikepada . h a d n i u l a l e s h a l k a d it p u d i h a w h a b a c a b m e p u ti a y a m a t r e p g n a y , h a l a s a m n a s u m u r m a l a d n a a y n a tr e p a u d a d A h u r a g n e p a n a m i a g a b a u d e k g n a y n a d , n a k r a b m a g i d a k i n o r e V h o k o t a n a m i a g a b n a g n u k g n

u o isa l

n a k u k a l e m m a l a d a k i n o r e V n a s u t u p e k i h u r a g n e p m e m g n a y a y n r a ti k e s n a d a y a d u b .i r i d h u n u b s i d a g g n a r o e s h a l a d a a k i n o r e V a w h a b n a k k u j n u n e m a m a tr e p s i s il a n a l i s a H n a i d a b ir p e k i r i c i r a D . a y n r a ti k e s i d g n a r o n a it a h r e p k i r a n e m u p m a m g n a y k it n a c -a k r a b m a g i d a y

N nsebaga iseorangyangpesimsi ,rapuh ,mandir,it eratu,rt ertutup h u r a g n e p n a k k u j n u n e m a y n li s a h , a u d e k s i s il a n a m a l a D . s it i r k g n a y g n a r o e s n a d n a d i a t n i c i d a s a r n a k a n a h u t u b e k a y n i h u n e p r e t k a d it n a d l a is o s n a g n u k g n il i s a s il a u t k a n a d , i r i d a g r a h , i a t n i c n e

m dir i menjad i penyebab utama yang k u g e n e m n a g n e d a y n p u d i h i r i h k a g n e m k u t n u a k i n o r e V i g a b e d i n a k l u b m i n e m .r u d it l i p k a p t a p m e n a r a s n a k i r e b m e m g n i p m a s i d , a y n r i h k

A -saran untuk peneilitan yang akan a g u j i n i i d u ts , e i D o t s e d i c e D a k i n o r e V l e v o n i a n e g n e m g n a t a

d memberikansaran i d u t S m a r g o r P i d s i r g g n I a s a h a B n a r a j a g n e p m a l a d n a p a r e n e p i a n e g n e m n a k a n u g i d t a p a d e i D o t s e d i c e D a k i n o r e V l e v o N . s i r g g n I a s a h a B n a k i d i d n e P . a m a t r e p r e t s e m e s k u t n u a c a b m e m n a r a j a l e p m a l a d r e b m u s i a g a b e s v n e l a i c o s , e c n e u lf n i : s d r o w y e

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e h t d n a , y d u t s e h t f o s ti f e n e b , y d u t s e h t f o s e v it c e j b o , n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p

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y ll a u s u d e t c e lf e r s i t a h W . e fi l s ’ n a m u h f o n o it c e lf e r a s i k r o w y r a r e ti L

t u o b a s m a e r d r o t s a p e h t n i d e n e p p a h h c i h w e c n e ir e p x e d n a a e d i ,t c a f e h t n o d e s a b

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f whichexpressedt hel fiet hrought hemediumofl anguage. A sHudson say s e b n a c t I . e g a u g n a l m u i d e m e h t h g u o r h t e fi l f o n o i s s e r p x e e h t s i e r u t a r e ti l t a h t

l a e r t u o b a s n i a t n o c t i e c n i s l a it n e s s e g n i h t e m o s s a d e d r a g e

r lfie , thought , people ,

ri e h t d n

a feeilngaboutl fie( 1958 ,p .10 .)

t a h t e e s I , e v o b a d e n o it n e m n e e b s a h t a h t e r u t a r e ti l f o n o it o n e h t s e d i s e B

y l n o t o n s i e r u t a r e ti L . s e k a m t s it r a n a t a h t t c e j b o n a , tr a f o n o it a e r c a s i e r u t a r e ti l

v it a e r c a o s l a t u b , s e k a m t s it r a n a t a h t y r o e h t r o a e d i n

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(19)

e r u t a r e ti l f o s k r o w e h t t a h t d i a s e b n a c t i , g n i d n a t s r e d n u e l p m i s s i h t m o r F e e r h t e r a e r e h t , ) 3 7 9 1 ( n e h o C o t g n i d r o c c A . e fi l s ’ n a m u h f o s ti a rt o p m o r f e m o c u t a r e ti l f o s e ir o g e t a

c re such a sdrama ,poerty ,and novel .Drama involve ssight , c it s il a e r a e v i g n a c t i t a h t o s ) e r u t s e g ( t n e m e v o m f o e r u t s o p d n a g n ir a e h c il o b m y s e h t s i y rt e o P . g n i d a e r h g u o r h t n o it a n i g a m i n a n a h t r e h t a r e r e h p s o m t a f o n o it a c i n u m m o c r o f , e g a u g n a l n i n o i s s e r p x

e imaginaitve expeirence .However , f o n o it p ir c s e d h c u m e d i v o r p h c i h w m r o f d a e r d n a n e tt ir w y l e d i w t s o m e h t s i l e v o n n e e w t e b s m e l b o r p x e l p m o c e h t , g n it t e s , r e t c a r a h c e h t g n i d u l c n i , s t n e m e l e s ti ’ s r e t c a r a h c e h t n i d e n e p p a h t n e m p o l e v e d e h t n e v e d n a , s r e t c a r a h

c lfie and

.) 9 . p ( s e it il a n o s r e p e b n a c s k r o w y r a r e ti l f o e l p m a x e n a s a l e v o N . l e v o n a s e s s u c s i d s i s e h t s i h T s i h s d r a w o t w e i v f o t n i o p , t s e t o r p , g n il e e f r e h r o s i h s s e r p x e o t r o h t u a e h t y b d e s u k o o b s i h n i y h p r u M . s e v il e h s r o e h e r e h w t n e m n o ri v n e r o y t e i c o

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s a t s u j : s t n e m e l e y n a m f o y lr a li m i s d n u o p m o c e r a d n a e fi l t c e lf e r s l e v o n t s e t a e r g , 2 7 9 1 ( ” s s e c c u s d n a , w o r r o s , r o m u h , e p o h , t n e m t n i o p p a s i d , y o j f o e r u t x i m a s i e fi l h t d n a r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t s a r o h t u a e h t t n e s e r p e r o s l a y a m l e v o n A . ) 3 3 1 . p e d e t p a d a s i h c i h w e c n e ir e p x e r o g n it t e s e h t e b n a c t I . e fi l f o d n u o r g k c a b s ’ r o h t u a a e d i r o n o it a n i g a m i s ’ r o h t u a e h t t s u j s i ti , s e m it e m o s t u B . e fi l s ’ r o h t u a e h t m o r f . k r o w y r a r e ti l f o e c e i p a s a n e tt ir w s i h c i h w e i D o t s e d i c e D a k i n o r e

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y t n e w t s i e h S . a k i n o r e V d e ll a c a n a jl b u j L m o r f n a m o w n a i n e v o l

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r e h f o n e h c ti k e h t n i n e v o e h t m o r f s a g h ti w f l e s r e h g n il a e s y b e d i c i u s d e tt i m m o c

d n a t s il a c o v a , ) 7 6 9 1 ( n i a b o C t r u K , s 0 9 9 1 e h t n i n a i c i s u m r a l u p o p a , t x e N . e s u o h

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l anaband also ended his l fieby commtiitng suicide on 5Ap ir l i z a N e h t f o r e d a e l , n a i c it il o p s u o m a f A . a n a v ri N f o d n e e h t e m a c e b h c i h w 4 9 9 1

9 8 8 1 ( r e lt i H f l o d A , y tr a

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a e v a h d n a , n o i s s e r p e d , b o j a f o s s o l , e v it c i d d a g u r d , l o h o c l a , s e it i n u m m o c m o r f

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h c i h w e fi l r e h s e v il e h s y a w e h t d n a , e v o l , y li m a f , y t e i c o s r e h s a h c u S . s n o s a e r

. e d i c i u s t i m m o c o t r e h s e t o m o r

p VeronikaDecidest oDiei schosena smyp irmary b

a t a

d ecause o f ti sinteresitng story about l fie .He rstory really moitvate sme to a s i e fi L . s e v il r u o n i e l g g u rt s o t e v a h e w s m e l b o r p e h t g i b w o h , e fi l y m e t a i c e r p p a

I .t i e c a f o t e v a h e w t u b s m e l b o r p e h t m o r f y a w a n u r o t e v a h t o n o d e w , s s e c o r p

t a h t e z il a e

r lfiemus tgoonevent houghwha tweexpec tneve rcome rtue.

t u o g n i d n if n i y r o t s e h t f o t n e t n o c e h t h c r a e s o t e k il d l u o w I , y d u t s s i h t n I

d n a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c s ’ a k i n o r e

V thei n lfuenceo fsocia lenvrionmen ton Veronika’ s n

o i s i c e

d to commi tsuicide which revealed in he raciton in Veronika Decides t o e

D .Fu trhermore,t heremus tbear easonf o rsomeonei ndoingt ha tmoitvaitono r e b y a m r o , n o it o m e , t n e m t a e rt , t n e m n o ri v n e e h t y b d e c n e u lf n i e b n a c t I . n o it c a

s t c e p x e r e v e n e n o e m o s t a h t n o it a u ti s e h t f o n o i s s e r p e

d .

2 .

1 ProblemFormula iton

Therearet woproblemsf ormulatedasf ollows: .

1 HowareVeronika’ scharacterisitcsdescirbedi nt henovel? .

2 How doe s the socia l envrionmen t in lfuence he r decision to commi t ?

e d i c i u s

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3 .

1 Objecitve soft heStudy

, y lt s ri F . d e v e i h c a e b o t s e v it c e j b o e m o s e r a e r e h t , e v o b a m e l b o r p e h t s A

n i a m e h t s a a k i n o r e V f o r o i v a h e b r o y ti l a n o s r e p , e d u ti tt a , n o it c a e h t e v r e s b o

n i r e t c a r a h

c Veronika Decidest o Dietoknowwha tkind o fperson Veronikai si n i

h t , y l d n o c e S . l e v o n s i h

t s study reveal s the in lfuence o f Veronika’ s socia l .

e d i c i u s ti m m o c o t n o i s i c e d r e h n o s n o it a v it o m e h t d n a t n e m n o ri v n e

4 .

1 Benefti soft heStudy

s r e d a e r e h t o t s ti f e n e b e m o s e v i g o t d e t c e p x e s i y d u t s s i h

T .Fris,tthi sstudy

n o it a m r o f n i e r o m s e v i

g aboutl tieraryworks .

s i h T . s k r o w y r a r e ti l n i d e t s e r e t n i e r a o h w e s o h t r o f s i t if e n e b d n o c e s e h T

o t m e h t p l e h n a c y d u t

s knowwha texacltyt hemaincharacte randt hei n lfuenceo f k i n o r e V h g u o r h T . e d i c i u s t i m m o c o t n o i s i c e d s ’ a k i n o r e V n o t n e m n o ri v n e l a i c o

s a’ s

e fi l e h t e c a f o t w o h d n a e fi l f o s e u l a v e h t t u o b a n r a e l n a c s r e d a e r e h t ,s e c n e ir e p x e

r o s n o it i d n o c e m a s e h t e v a h o h w s r e d a e r e h t r o f , r e v o e r o M . y ti x e l p m o c s ti d n a

d n a c it s i m it p o e b o t n r a e l n a c y e h t , n o it i d n o c s ’ r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h t o t s e it ir a li m i s

n i h

t k posiitvelyi nf acingt hei r ilves .BasedonVeronika’ sexpeirences , Ihopet ha t e v it i s o p a m o r f e fi l r i e h t n i s m e l b o r p e h t e e s o t s r e d a e r e h t p l e h n a c y d u t s s i h t

. w e i v f o t n i o p

y d u t S n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n E f o s r e n r a e l e h t r o f s i ti f e n e b d ri h t e h T g o r

P ram o fSanata DharmaUniverstiy .They can use t hi sstudy a sareference i n .

k r o w y r a r e ti l a g n i z y l a n a

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5 .

1 Deifniitono fTerms

e r a s m r e t e h T . y d u t s e h t n i d e s u s m r e t t n a tr o p m i e h t h ti w s l a e d n o it c e s s i h T

d e v ir e

d asf ollows:

r e t c a r a h C 1 . 5 . 1

a r b A n o d e s a

B m s(1981) ,character saret heperson presented i n adramaitc l a r o m h ti w d e w o d n e g n i e b s a r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n i e r a o h w k r o w e v it a r r a n r o

d n a ) e u g o l a i d e h t( y a s y e h t t a h w n i d e s s e r p x e e r a t a h t s e it il a u q l a n o it o m e d n a

I . ) 0 2 . p ( ) n o it c a e h t( o d y e h t t a h

w n t hi sstudy ,characte rrefers t o Veronika, t he s

’ o h l e o C n i r e t c a r a h c r o j a

m Veronika Decide s to Die . Fu trher , Veronika’ s f

o s y a w o w t h g u o r h t d e b ir c s e d e r a s c it s ir e t c a r a h

c an autho rcan characteirzethe

e r a y e h t r e t c a r a h

c physica land personaltiy appearance (Rohrberge r& Wood ,s 1

7 9

1 ,p .2 . 0)

2 . 5 .

1 Mo itva iton

y b d e t a t s s

A Worchel and Sheb liske (1989) ,moitvaiton i st he reason why y

a w n i a tr e c n i s y a l p l a u d i v i d n i n

a a tacetrain itme( pp .3 -73 374) .Meanwhlie ,a s y

b d e t a t

s Ger irng a nd Zimbardo (2002 , p. 364), moitvaiton i sthe proces so f d r a w o t s e it i v it c a l a c i g o l o h c y s p d n a l a c i s y h p g n i n i a t n i a m d n a g n it c e ri d , g n it r a t

s s a

. l a o g n i a tr e

c In thi s study , moitvaiton refer s to Veronika’ s decision to do g

n i h t e m o

s o rbehavingi nparitcula rwaybycommtiitngs uicide.

5 .

1 .3Suicide

d e s u m r e t e h t t u b s s e n ll i n a t o n s i e d i c i u s s e n if e d ) 9 0 1 . p , 1 5 9 1 ( m i e h k r u D

e r a s l a u d i v i d n i n e h w s r u c c o t i d n a e fi l n w o s ’ e n o f o g n i k a t f o t c a e h t e b ir c s e d o t

e d i c i u s , y d u t s s i h t n I .s e it i n u m m o c r i e h t m o r f d e t a l o s i e r o m l e e f d n a d e g a g n e s s e l

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f e

r erst ot heacitonwhichha sdonebyVeronika,t ake she rownl fiebys wallowing .s

ll i p g n i p e e l s f o s k c a p r u o f

t n e m n o r i v n E l a i c o S 4 . 5 . 1

t n u H d n a r e d n a ll o

H (1967 ,pp .24-26 )statet ha tsocia lenvrionmenti nclude s s a h h c i h w s e it i n u m m o c r e h t o y n a s g n o l e b n o s r e p e h t h c i h w o t y ti n u m m o c e h t

s n a e m t n e m n o ri v n e l a i c o s t a h t d e d u l c n o c e b n a c t i o S . t c a t n o c t c e ri d n i d n a t c e ri d

n u o r r u s d n a e l p o e p n e e w t e b p i h s n o it a l e r e h

t dings . In thi s study , socia l

e h s e r e h w y t e i c o s e h t d n a a k i n o r e V n e e w t e b p i h s n o it a l e r e h t s n a e m t n e m n o ri v n e

e h s s d n e ir f d n a y li m a f e h t , n i s e v il e h s e r e h w e c a l p f o n o it i d n o c e h t , o t s g n o l e b

s a h

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I

R

E

T

P

A

H

C

F

O

W

E

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V

E

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E

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A

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Thi schapteri sdivided i nto t hreepa tr .s They arereview o frelated studies , .

k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h t d n a s e ir o e h t d e t a l e r f o w e i v e

r The fris tpatr i sreview o f

d e t a l e

r studie swhich provide some ciritcism sfrom the othe rresearchers .The r

s i t r a p d n o c e

s eview o f related theo ire s consis t the theo ire s o f character , n

o it a z ir e t c a r a h

c , theory o f moitvaiton , c iritca l approach and socio-cutlura l d

n u o r g k c a b l a c ir o t s i

h .The las ti stheoreitca lframework which descirbe sthe e

s o h t f o n o it u b ir t n o

c theo ires ,howt het heo ire sareusedt os uppo trt heanalysi .s

1 .

2 Reviewo fRelatedStudies

e i D o t s e d i c e D a k i n o r e

V wasf ris tpubilshed i n Engilsh i n 1999.I thad been t a h t y a l p n e e r c s e h t o t t h g u o r b n e e b d a h o s l a t i d n a , s e i v o m d n a s g n o s o t n i d e t p a d a

a r a

S h MichelleGella rplayed a sVeronika .A safamou snovel ,Veronika Decide s e

i D o

t i sapopula rsubjectt o bestudied .Manyr esearcher shad beenw irtten t hei r . s e v it c e p s r e p t n e r e ff i d y n a m n i e t o r w y e h T . l e v o n e h t t u o b a s n o i n i p o d n a s a e d i

o r w s r e h c r a e s e r e m o

S tei n psychology and formailsitcperspecitves .Some other s y g o l o h c y s p h t o b d e s u s r e h t o e m o s d n a , g n it ir w r i e h t n i l a c i h p o s o li h p l a r o m d e s u

. h c a o r p p a l a c i h p a r g o i b d n a

, ) 2 1 0 2 ( u a l e J s i h c a o r p p a y g o l o h c y s p e s u o h w s r e h c r a e s e r f o e l p m a x e n A

e h t n o s e z i s a h p m

e meaning o fdecision to commi tsuicide which i sdone by o t n o i s i c e d s ’ a k i n o r e V f o g n i n a e m e u rt d n a l a r e ti l e h t s n i a l p x e e H . a k i n o r e V

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s i e h s e s u a c e b e fi l g n i c a f n i s s e lr e w o p s l e e f a k i n o r e V , l a r e ti l n I . e d i c i u s t i m m o c i n a e m e u rt e h t , e li h W . e t a f r e h f o d i a r f

a ng o fVeronika to commi tsuicide i s 7 6 . p p ( d i e h t l o rt n o c t o n n a c e h s e s u a c e

b -6 8 .)

e c n e u lf n i s r e t c a r a h c r o n i m e h t w o h n o s e z i s a h a p m e , ) 5 1 . p , 7 0 0 2 ( s u li f o e h T o t e l b a s i a k i n o r e V , y ll a n i F . r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t s a a k i n o r e V f o t n e m p o l e v e d e h t n a f l e s r e h t c e p s e

r d appreciate he rlfie more than before by understanding the o t d e s u s i h c a o r p p a c it s il a m r o f e h T . s r e t c a r a h c r o n i m e h t m o r f e fi l f o g n i n a e m .t n e m p o l e v e d s ’ a k i n o r e V o t s r e t c a r a h c r o n i m h c a e f o e l o r e h t d n e h p m o c 4 5 . p p , 5 0 0 2 ( i r a d n a w s u

K -55 )employ sthe mora lphliosophica lapproach , s tr o p p u s t n e m n o ri v n e w e n ’ s r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t n o e z i s a h p m e o t d e s u s i h c i h w o t r e h e l b a n e t n e m n o ri v n e w e n r e h n i e l p o e P . e fi l f o g n i n a e m e h t d n if o t a k i n o r e V . e fi l s i h t g n i w e i v f o y a w r e h g n i g n a h c h c i h w s e c n e ir e p x e w e n d n if a n a ir ti

F (2012 )explain sthe characteirsitc so fVeronika and Edward are e m a s e h t s a h o s l a r o h t u a e h t e r e h w , s c it s ir e t c a r a h c ’ s r o h t u a e h t o t r a li m i s l a c i h p a r g o i b d n a l a c i g o l o h c y s p s e s u y d u t s s i h T . m u l y s a n a n i g n i v il e c n e ir e p x e e r e h t e z y l a n a o t r e d r o n i s e h c a o r p p

a laitonbetween authors ’personall fieandt he .) 4 3 . p ( l e v o n e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c e s o h t m o r f t n e r e ff i d , r e v e w o H . l e v o n e m a s e h t n o s e s y l a n a y d u t s s i h T e h t n o t n e m n o ri v n e l a i c o s f o e c n e u lf n i e h t e z y l a n a o t e k il d l u o w I , e v o b a s e i d u t s n o i s i c e d s ’ r e t c a r a h c n i a

m tocommi tsuicide .Thi sstudy f ocuse son analyzing t he n e e w t e b s e c n e r e ff i d e h T . n o i s i c e d s ’ r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t e c n e u lf n i h c i h w s r o t c a f e s u I y d u t s s i h t n i e r a s e h c a o r p p a e s o h t e s u h c i h w s e i d u t s r e h t o d n a y d u t s s i h t o i c o s d n a l a c i g o l o h c y s

(1)

9 7