THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL ON STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT AT LIGHT TOPIC IN 8TH GRADE SMP NEGERI 1 TEBING TINGGI A.Y. 2012/2013.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author is particularly grateful to The Almighty God-The King of The
Lord for love and blessing never ending, makes this research well done. Thesis
entitled "The Effect of Problem Based Learning Model on Student’s Achievement
at Light Topic in 8th Grade SMP Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi a.y 2012/2013", prepared
to obtain a Bachelor's degree Physical Education, Faculty of Mathematics and
Natural Science in State University of Medan.
The author says thanks a lot to Ma’am Dr. Derlina, M.Si as thesis
supervisor who has guided and given suggestions in finishing this thesis. Thanks
also to Mr. Prof. Drs. Motlan Sirait, M.Sc., Ph.D., Mr. Dr. Ridwan Abd. Sani,
M.Si., and Mr. Drs. Makmur Sirait, M.Si., for valued suggestions improving this
thesis. Thanks to Dear Mr. Alkahfi Maas Siregar, S.si, M,Si, as author’s
Academic Supervisor for advice, knowledge, caring and sharing for this time.
Thanks also for all lecturers and staff employee of Physics FMIPA State
University
of
Medan
who
have
encouraged
the
author
during
the
lecture. Appreciation is also presented to Headmaster and all teachers in SMP
Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi who have helped during this research. Mr. Drs. H. Adrul
and also to Great Physics teacher Mr. Anggiat Simanjuntak, S.Pd
The author is enormously grateful to Merly Manullang-my beloved
Mommy, Bernard Siahaan-my beloved Daddy and my lovely sister Izumi Berly
Martilova Siahaan and all family for love, support, advice and everything. Also
thank to all my sisters in KODRAT 140 (Kos Dodol Melarat) Lini Harefa,
Defriyanti Ziraluo, Helen Nababan, Fera Sianturi, Rina Rumbo, Yuli Pasaribu,
Kak Erika Sihombing, and Kak Tio Siburian S.Kep, Ners for support and
craziness. Thank to my classmates Gelombang Elektromagnetik ‘09 (Gerombolan
Orang-Orang Intelek Macho dan Cantik) Adek, Agnes, Asty, Caroline, Dewi,
Debora, Fetri, Gita, Henriko, Ga’a Jefri, Rini, Lucius, Pretty, Rani, Rita, Ribka,
Ika Ika Bakar, Inang Tio and specially for my best friends The Gembel (Gemar
iv
Belajar) Riris, Hanna, Evi and Andri for understanding, caring, support, and
togetherness in 4 years. Thank to calon eda Uli Sinaga for sharing everything and
all my brothers and sisters in Ikatan Keluarga Besar Kristen Fisika (IKBKF) and
all my friends in physics department for support and laughing. I also thank to
KAKANIA-Kak Ibeth, lisna, Nova, Pendi, and Kaleb for pray, sharing and
support to me.
The author has done her best in completing this thesis, but the author
realizes there are many foibles in content or grammar, then the author welcome
any suggestions and criticism for this thesis perfectly. The author hopes this
research will be useful in enriching the repertoire of knowledge.
Medan, June 2013
Author,
Avolen Berly Indah Siahaan
v
THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL ON
STUDENT’S ACHIEVEMENT AT LIGHT TOPIC IN 8th GRADE SMP
NEGERI 1 TEBING TINGGI A.Y 2012/2013
Avolen Berly Indah Siahaan (ID Num: 409322011)
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to know the effect of Problem Based
Learning Model on student’s achievement at Light topic in 8th grade SMP Negeri
1 Tebing Tinggi academic year 2012/2013.
This research is a quasi experiment. Population in this research are whole
students in class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi semester II AY 2012/2013
which totally 9 classes. By using cluster random sampling, sample selected from
the population as much two classes. One class is experiment class which be taught
by using PBL Model and another one is control class which be taught by using
Direct Instruction Model. The instrument was used to get data is a test which
contains of 10 questions and had been validated by some experts in Physics.
Based on the result of research obtained the mean pretest of experiment
class is 36.64 and the mean pretest of control class is 36.72. This shows that the
initial ability of the both of classes is homogenous. Then the both of classes were
given a different treatment, the experiment class used Problem Based Learning
Model and control class used Direct Instruction Model. After the learning had
finished, the both of classes were given posttest then the mean posttest of
experiment class is 82.68 and the mean posttest of control class is 49.62. The
result of test-t obtained that tcount = 7.67 and ttable = 1.70. because tcount > ttable, so
Ho rejected and Ha accepted. It can be concluded that there is an effect of
student’s achievement by using Problem Based Learning model with Direct
Instruction Model at Light topic in 8th grade SMP Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi.
iii
CONTENT
page
Legitimation Sheet
i
Biography
ii
Abstract
iii
Acknowledgment
iv
Content
vi
List of Figure
ix
List of Table List
x
List of Appendix
xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1
1.1. Background
1
1.2. Identification Problem
2
1.3. Limitation of Problem
2
1.4. Formula of Problem
3
1.5. Purpose of Research
3
1.6. Significance of Research
3
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
4
2.1.
4
Theoretical Framework
2.1.1. Definition of Learning
4
2.1.2. Achievement
5
2.2.
6
Problem Based Learning Model
2.2.1. Definition of Model Learning
6
2.2.2. Definition of Problem Based Learning
6
2.2.3. Specific Characteristics of Problem based Learning
7
2.2.4. Benefit of Problem Based Learning
8
2.2.5. Syntax of Problem Based Learning Model
9
2.2.6. Learning Environment and Management Assessment
10
2.3.
10
Subject Matter
vi
2.3.1. Definition of Light
10
2.3.2. Reflection
11
2.3.2.1 The Law of Reflection
11
2.3.2.2 Regular and Diffused Reflection
11
2.3.3. Optical Instrument
15
2.4.
Conceptual frame
17
2.5.
Hypothesis of Research
18
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1.
Location and Time of Research
19
3.1.1.
Population and Sample of Research
19
3.1.2.
Population of Research
19
3.1.3.
Sample of Research
19
3.2.
Variable of Research
19
3.3.
Type and Design of Research
19
3.3.1.
Type of Research
19
3.3.2.
Design of Research
20
3.4.
Research Procedure
20
3.5.
Research Instrument
21
3.5.1
Regulation of Instrument
22
3.6.
Technique of Collecting Data
22
3.6.1.
Beginning Phase
22
3.6.2.
Phase Collecting Data
22
3.7.
Techniques of Data Analysis
23
3.7.1.
Calculating mean and standard deviation
23
3.7.2.
Normality Test
23
3.7.3.
Homogeneity Test Data
23
3.7.4.
Test of Hypothesis
24
3.7.4.1. Test of similarity mean pretest (test t both of side)
24
3.7.4.2. Test of similarity mean posttest (test t of one side)
25
vii
CHAPTER IV RESULT OF RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION
4.1.
Result of Research
26
4.1.1.
Description of Research Data
26
4.1.1.1. Pretest Data of Experiment and Control Class
26
4.1.2.
27
Testing of Data Analysis
4.1.2.1 Normality Test of Pretest Data
27
4.1.2.2 Pretest Data Homogeneity Test and Different
Test of Student’s Initial Ability
27
4.1.2.3. Posttest Data of Experiment and Control Class
29
4.1.2.4. Normality Test of Posttest Data
29
4.1.2.5. Homogeneity Test of Posttest Data and Hypothesis Test
4.2.
of Research (t-test of two sides)
30
Discussion
31
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1.
Conclusion
33
5.2.
Suggestion
33
REFERENCES
34
viii
LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1 : Syntax Problem Based Learning Model
9
Table 3.1 : Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design
20
Table 3.2 : Specific table of result study test in topic light
21
Table 4.1.: Pretest data normality test of experiment and control class
27
Table 4.2.: Summary of homogeneity test result of pretest data
28
Table 4.3.: Summary of pretest t-test calculation
28
Table 4.4.: Pretest data normality test of experiment and control class
29
Table 4.5.: Summary of homogeneity test result of posttest data
30
Table 4.6.: Summary of posttest t-test calculation
30
x
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion
Based on the research result, data analysis, and discussion so can be
concluded that :
1. The mean of student’s achievement at Light topic in 8th grade SMP Negeri
1 Tebing Tinggi academic year 2012/2013 by using Direct Instruction
Model is 49.62
2. The mean of student’s achievement at Light topic in 8th grade SMP Negeri
1 Tebing Tinggi academic year 2012/2013 by using Problem Based
Learning Model is 82.68
3. There is an effect of Problem Based Learning Model on student’s
achievement at Light Topic in 8th grade SMP Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi
academic year 2012/2013.
5.2. Suggestion
Based on the result and conclusion in this research, so the researcher gives
some suggestions as below:
1. For university student or aspirant teacher should more understand Problem
Based Learning Model as one of efforts to make student learn actively,
increase creativity and learning motivation, and increase student’s
achievement.
2. For university student or aspirant who wants to do the same research
should more understand clearly the problem which given to the students
and more mastering the steps in problem based learning model.
3. For the next researcher who wants to research Problem Based Learning
Model suggested to more pay attention the efficiency time in phase
“develop and present artifact and exhibit”, because in this phase there were
many students had questions for the displaying group.
4. Based on the guide for Problem Based Learning, suggested for the
researcher to select the sample who has standard is more than standard.
33
REFERENCES
Amir, Muh. Taufik. 2010. Inovasi Pendidikan Melalui Problem Based Learning:
Bagaimana Pendidi Memberdayakan Pemelajar di Era Pengetahuan.
Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media group
Arends, Richard I. 1997. Classroom Instructional Management. New York: The
MCGraw-Hill Company
Arends, Richard I 2008. Learning to Teach Belajar Untuk Mengajar Edisi
Ketujuh/Buku Dua. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2007. Prosedur Penelitian. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta
Budi, Prasodjo. 2009. Physics for Junior High School. Jakarta: Yudhistira
Djamarah, Zain. 2006. Strategi Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta
Hasibuan, Yustina. 2009. Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Masalah
Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa Pada Materi Pokok Gerak Lurus Di Kelas X
Semester 1 SMAN 3 Medan T.A 2009/2010. Skripsi, FMIPA : Universitas
Negeri Medan
Hergenhahn & Olson, Matthew H. 2009. Theories of Learning (teori belajar).
Jakarta : Kencana Prenada Media group
Hewitt, Paul G. 2006. Conceptual physics 10th edition. USA: Pearson Addison
Wesley
Hornby. 1995. Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary 5th edition. New York:
Oxford University Press
Joyce, Bruce & Marsha Weil. 1980. Models of Teaching 2th edition. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall, inc
Joyce, Bruce, Marsha Weil, and Emily Calhoun. 2011. Models of Teaching edisi
kedelapan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar
Raine, Derek & Sarah Symons. 2005. A Practice guide to Problem Based
Learning in Physics in Astronomy. ISBN I-9038115-14-2. Page 6
Sardiman. 2010. Interaksi dan motivasi Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta : Rajawali Pers
Sibarani, Juni Lastri. 2011. Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah
Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Materi Usaha dan
Energi Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Doloksanggul T.P. 2011/2012. Skripsi,
FMIPA : Universitas Negeri Medan
34
Siregar, Saut Dohot. 2011. Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Masalah
dalam Meningkakan Aktivitas Belajar dan Pemahaman Konsep Siswa pada
Materi Pokok Kinematika Gerak Lurus di Sekolah Menengah Atas Kelas X.
Skripsi, FMIPA : Universitas Negeri Medan
Sudjana. 2009. Penilaian Hasil Proses Belajar Mengajar. Bandung : Remaja
Rosdakarya
Sudjana. 2002. Metoda Statistika. Bandung : Tarsito
35
The author is particularly grateful to The Almighty God-The King of The
Lord for love and blessing never ending, makes this research well done. Thesis
entitled "The Effect of Problem Based Learning Model on Student’s Achievement
at Light Topic in 8th Grade SMP Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi a.y 2012/2013", prepared
to obtain a Bachelor's degree Physical Education, Faculty of Mathematics and
Natural Science in State University of Medan.
The author says thanks a lot to Ma’am Dr. Derlina, M.Si as thesis
supervisor who has guided and given suggestions in finishing this thesis. Thanks
also to Mr. Prof. Drs. Motlan Sirait, M.Sc., Ph.D., Mr. Dr. Ridwan Abd. Sani,
M.Si., and Mr. Drs. Makmur Sirait, M.Si., for valued suggestions improving this
thesis. Thanks to Dear Mr. Alkahfi Maas Siregar, S.si, M,Si, as author’s
Academic Supervisor for advice, knowledge, caring and sharing for this time.
Thanks also for all lecturers and staff employee of Physics FMIPA State
University
of
Medan
who
have
encouraged
the
author
during
the
lecture. Appreciation is also presented to Headmaster and all teachers in SMP
Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi who have helped during this research. Mr. Drs. H. Adrul
and also to Great Physics teacher Mr. Anggiat Simanjuntak, S.Pd
The author is enormously grateful to Merly Manullang-my beloved
Mommy, Bernard Siahaan-my beloved Daddy and my lovely sister Izumi Berly
Martilova Siahaan and all family for love, support, advice and everything. Also
thank to all my sisters in KODRAT 140 (Kos Dodol Melarat) Lini Harefa,
Defriyanti Ziraluo, Helen Nababan, Fera Sianturi, Rina Rumbo, Yuli Pasaribu,
Kak Erika Sihombing, and Kak Tio Siburian S.Kep, Ners for support and
craziness. Thank to my classmates Gelombang Elektromagnetik ‘09 (Gerombolan
Orang-Orang Intelek Macho dan Cantik) Adek, Agnes, Asty, Caroline, Dewi,
Debora, Fetri, Gita, Henriko, Ga’a Jefri, Rini, Lucius, Pretty, Rani, Rita, Ribka,
Ika Ika Bakar, Inang Tio and specially for my best friends The Gembel (Gemar
iv
Belajar) Riris, Hanna, Evi and Andri for understanding, caring, support, and
togetherness in 4 years. Thank to calon eda Uli Sinaga for sharing everything and
all my brothers and sisters in Ikatan Keluarga Besar Kristen Fisika (IKBKF) and
all my friends in physics department for support and laughing. I also thank to
KAKANIA-Kak Ibeth, lisna, Nova, Pendi, and Kaleb for pray, sharing and
support to me.
The author has done her best in completing this thesis, but the author
realizes there are many foibles in content or grammar, then the author welcome
any suggestions and criticism for this thesis perfectly. The author hopes this
research will be useful in enriching the repertoire of knowledge.
Medan, June 2013
Author,
Avolen Berly Indah Siahaan
v
THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL ON
STUDENT’S ACHIEVEMENT AT LIGHT TOPIC IN 8th GRADE SMP
NEGERI 1 TEBING TINGGI A.Y 2012/2013
Avolen Berly Indah Siahaan (ID Num: 409322011)
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to know the effect of Problem Based
Learning Model on student’s achievement at Light topic in 8th grade SMP Negeri
1 Tebing Tinggi academic year 2012/2013.
This research is a quasi experiment. Population in this research are whole
students in class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi semester II AY 2012/2013
which totally 9 classes. By using cluster random sampling, sample selected from
the population as much two classes. One class is experiment class which be taught
by using PBL Model and another one is control class which be taught by using
Direct Instruction Model. The instrument was used to get data is a test which
contains of 10 questions and had been validated by some experts in Physics.
Based on the result of research obtained the mean pretest of experiment
class is 36.64 and the mean pretest of control class is 36.72. This shows that the
initial ability of the both of classes is homogenous. Then the both of classes were
given a different treatment, the experiment class used Problem Based Learning
Model and control class used Direct Instruction Model. After the learning had
finished, the both of classes were given posttest then the mean posttest of
experiment class is 82.68 and the mean posttest of control class is 49.62. The
result of test-t obtained that tcount = 7.67 and ttable = 1.70. because tcount > ttable, so
Ho rejected and Ha accepted. It can be concluded that there is an effect of
student’s achievement by using Problem Based Learning model with Direct
Instruction Model at Light topic in 8th grade SMP Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi.
iii
CONTENT
page
Legitimation Sheet
i
Biography
ii
Abstract
iii
Acknowledgment
iv
Content
vi
List of Figure
ix
List of Table List
x
List of Appendix
xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1
1.1. Background
1
1.2. Identification Problem
2
1.3. Limitation of Problem
2
1.4. Formula of Problem
3
1.5. Purpose of Research
3
1.6. Significance of Research
3
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
4
2.1.
4
Theoretical Framework
2.1.1. Definition of Learning
4
2.1.2. Achievement
5
2.2.
6
Problem Based Learning Model
2.2.1. Definition of Model Learning
6
2.2.2. Definition of Problem Based Learning
6
2.2.3. Specific Characteristics of Problem based Learning
7
2.2.4. Benefit of Problem Based Learning
8
2.2.5. Syntax of Problem Based Learning Model
9
2.2.6. Learning Environment and Management Assessment
10
2.3.
10
Subject Matter
vi
2.3.1. Definition of Light
10
2.3.2. Reflection
11
2.3.2.1 The Law of Reflection
11
2.3.2.2 Regular and Diffused Reflection
11
2.3.3. Optical Instrument
15
2.4.
Conceptual frame
17
2.5.
Hypothesis of Research
18
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1.
Location and Time of Research
19
3.1.1.
Population and Sample of Research
19
3.1.2.
Population of Research
19
3.1.3.
Sample of Research
19
3.2.
Variable of Research
19
3.3.
Type and Design of Research
19
3.3.1.
Type of Research
19
3.3.2.
Design of Research
20
3.4.
Research Procedure
20
3.5.
Research Instrument
21
3.5.1
Regulation of Instrument
22
3.6.
Technique of Collecting Data
22
3.6.1.
Beginning Phase
22
3.6.2.
Phase Collecting Data
22
3.7.
Techniques of Data Analysis
23
3.7.1.
Calculating mean and standard deviation
23
3.7.2.
Normality Test
23
3.7.3.
Homogeneity Test Data
23
3.7.4.
Test of Hypothesis
24
3.7.4.1. Test of similarity mean pretest (test t both of side)
24
3.7.4.2. Test of similarity mean posttest (test t of one side)
25
vii
CHAPTER IV RESULT OF RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION
4.1.
Result of Research
26
4.1.1.
Description of Research Data
26
4.1.1.1. Pretest Data of Experiment and Control Class
26
4.1.2.
27
Testing of Data Analysis
4.1.2.1 Normality Test of Pretest Data
27
4.1.2.2 Pretest Data Homogeneity Test and Different
Test of Student’s Initial Ability
27
4.1.2.3. Posttest Data of Experiment and Control Class
29
4.1.2.4. Normality Test of Posttest Data
29
4.1.2.5. Homogeneity Test of Posttest Data and Hypothesis Test
4.2.
of Research (t-test of two sides)
30
Discussion
31
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1.
Conclusion
33
5.2.
Suggestion
33
REFERENCES
34
viii
LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1 : Syntax Problem Based Learning Model
9
Table 3.1 : Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design
20
Table 3.2 : Specific table of result study test in topic light
21
Table 4.1.: Pretest data normality test of experiment and control class
27
Table 4.2.: Summary of homogeneity test result of pretest data
28
Table 4.3.: Summary of pretest t-test calculation
28
Table 4.4.: Pretest data normality test of experiment and control class
29
Table 4.5.: Summary of homogeneity test result of posttest data
30
Table 4.6.: Summary of posttest t-test calculation
30
x
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion
Based on the research result, data analysis, and discussion so can be
concluded that :
1. The mean of student’s achievement at Light topic in 8th grade SMP Negeri
1 Tebing Tinggi academic year 2012/2013 by using Direct Instruction
Model is 49.62
2. The mean of student’s achievement at Light topic in 8th grade SMP Negeri
1 Tebing Tinggi academic year 2012/2013 by using Problem Based
Learning Model is 82.68
3. There is an effect of Problem Based Learning Model on student’s
achievement at Light Topic in 8th grade SMP Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi
academic year 2012/2013.
5.2. Suggestion
Based on the result and conclusion in this research, so the researcher gives
some suggestions as below:
1. For university student or aspirant teacher should more understand Problem
Based Learning Model as one of efforts to make student learn actively,
increase creativity and learning motivation, and increase student’s
achievement.
2. For university student or aspirant who wants to do the same research
should more understand clearly the problem which given to the students
and more mastering the steps in problem based learning model.
3. For the next researcher who wants to research Problem Based Learning
Model suggested to more pay attention the efficiency time in phase
“develop and present artifact and exhibit”, because in this phase there were
many students had questions for the displaying group.
4. Based on the guide for Problem Based Learning, suggested for the
researcher to select the sample who has standard is more than standard.
33
REFERENCES
Amir, Muh. Taufik. 2010. Inovasi Pendidikan Melalui Problem Based Learning:
Bagaimana Pendidi Memberdayakan Pemelajar di Era Pengetahuan.
Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media group
Arends, Richard I. 1997. Classroom Instructional Management. New York: The
MCGraw-Hill Company
Arends, Richard I 2008. Learning to Teach Belajar Untuk Mengajar Edisi
Ketujuh/Buku Dua. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2007. Prosedur Penelitian. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta
Budi, Prasodjo. 2009. Physics for Junior High School. Jakarta: Yudhistira
Djamarah, Zain. 2006. Strategi Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta
Hasibuan, Yustina. 2009. Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Masalah
Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa Pada Materi Pokok Gerak Lurus Di Kelas X
Semester 1 SMAN 3 Medan T.A 2009/2010. Skripsi, FMIPA : Universitas
Negeri Medan
Hergenhahn & Olson, Matthew H. 2009. Theories of Learning (teori belajar).
Jakarta : Kencana Prenada Media group
Hewitt, Paul G. 2006. Conceptual physics 10th edition. USA: Pearson Addison
Wesley
Hornby. 1995. Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary 5th edition. New York:
Oxford University Press
Joyce, Bruce & Marsha Weil. 1980. Models of Teaching 2th edition. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall, inc
Joyce, Bruce, Marsha Weil, and Emily Calhoun. 2011. Models of Teaching edisi
kedelapan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar
Raine, Derek & Sarah Symons. 2005. A Practice guide to Problem Based
Learning in Physics in Astronomy. ISBN I-9038115-14-2. Page 6
Sardiman. 2010. Interaksi dan motivasi Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta : Rajawali Pers
Sibarani, Juni Lastri. 2011. Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah
Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Materi Usaha dan
Energi Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Doloksanggul T.P. 2011/2012. Skripsi,
FMIPA : Universitas Negeri Medan
34
Siregar, Saut Dohot. 2011. Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Masalah
dalam Meningkakan Aktivitas Belajar dan Pemahaman Konsep Siswa pada
Materi Pokok Kinematika Gerak Lurus di Sekolah Menengah Atas Kelas X.
Skripsi, FMIPA : Universitas Negeri Medan
Sudjana. 2009. Penilaian Hasil Proses Belajar Mengajar. Bandung : Remaja
Rosdakarya
Sudjana. 2002. Metoda Statistika. Bandung : Tarsito
35