EFFECT OF RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE ON CONCRETE PROPERTIES Effect Of Recycled Coarse Aggregate On Concrete Properties.
EFFECT OF RECYCLED COARSE
AGGREGATE ON CONCRETE PROPERTIES
Thesis
Arranged By:
FATHEI RAMADAN SALEH LAMEIN
S100130012
POST GRADUATE PROGRAM
MASTER PROGRAM IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015
i
EFFECT OF RECYCLED COARSE
AGGREGATE ON CONCRETE PROPERTIES
Arranged By:
FATHEI RAMADAN SALEH LAMEIN
This thesis is approved on 18 februari 2015 by,
Supervisor
Co-Supervisor
Dr. Moch .Solikin, ST, MT
Dr. Ir. sri Sunarjono, MT
Examiner
Dr. muslich hartadi sutanto, MT
ii
ii
iii
iv
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, the activity of people getting higher, therefore the need of high quality in the
Construction. is the main purpose of government in terms of developing Construction.
One of the materials that can be used as material replacement is recycled aggregate. In
terms of this research, the scope of study is about comparison between recycle coarse
aggregate and natural aggregate in terms of specific gravity, apparent specific gravity,
absorption, los Angeles. Moreover, this research will also focus on the comparison
between recycled aggregate for 0%, 35%, 50% and 65% replacement.
This research was conducted with experimental research with the mixture of recycled
coarse aggregate for 0%, 35%, 50% and 65% replacement. Based on the result of
research, it is obtained that recycled aggregate has lower value than natural aggregate in
term of specific gravity, apparent specific gravity; while recycled aggregate has higher
value of absorption and los Angeles than natural aggregate. Moreover, the value of
compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus elasticity of 0% recycled aggregate
was the highest compared to 35%, 50% and 65% replacement. Finally, it can be
concluded that the percentage of recycled aggregate will influence the value of
compressive strength, modulus elasticity and flexural strength; and the 20 mm of size
recycled aggregate will also has the the high value of compressive strength, modulus
elasticity and flexural strength.
Key Word: Recycled Aggregate, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, and Modulus
Elasticity.
iv
ABSTRAK
Saat ini, aktivitas masyarakat semakin tinggi, sehingga kebutuhan berkualitas tinggi
dalam Konstruksi tersebut. adalah tujuan utama pemerintah dalam hal mengembangkan
Konstruksi. Salah satu bahan yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti bahan daur ulang
agregat. Dalam hal penelitian ini, ruang lingkup studi tentang perbandingan antara
agregat kasar daur ulang dan agregat alami dalam hal berat jenis, jelas berat jenis,
penyerapan, los Angeles. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga akan fokus pada perbandingan
antara agregat daur ulang untuk 0%, 35%, 50% dan 65% pengganti.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penelitian eksperimental dengan campuran agregat
kasar daur ulang untuk 0%, 35%, 50% dan 65% pengganti. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian,
diperoleh bahwa agregat daur ulang memiliki nilai lebih rendah dari agregat alam dalam
hal berat jenis, jelas berat jenis; sedangkan agregat daur ulang memiliki nilai yang lebih
tinggi dari penyerapan dan los Angeles dari agregat alam. Selain itu, nilai kuat tekan,
kuat lentur dan modulus elastisitas 0% agregat daur ulang adalah yang tertinggi
dibandingkan dengan 35%, 50% dan 65% pengganti. Akhirnya, dapat disimpulkan
bahwa persentase agregat daur ulang akan mempengaruhi nilai kuat tekan, modulus
elastisitas dan kekuatan lentur; dan 20 mm dari ukuran daur ulang agregat juga akan
memiliki nilai yang tinggi kuat tekan, modulus elastisitas dan kekuatan lentur.
Kata Kunci: Daur Ulang Agregat, Kuat Tekan, Kekuatan lentur, dan Modulus
Elastisitas.
v
ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, want thank Allah I would like to express my sincere thanks and
appreciation to my father and my mother, and my wife and academic supervisors Assoc.
Dr. Moch .Solikin, ST, MT. and Dr. Ir.sri Sunarjono, MT who continuously guided me
throughout every step of my study and generously shared their time and knowledge
with me.
My special thanks must be extended to technical staff members POST GRADUATE
PROGRAM MASTER PROGRAM IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA Million words of thanks for
fellow friends who showed their concern and support all the way. Ahmed saleh lamein
and ahmed aboalauwn alriahi .Their views and tips are useful indeed. Unfortunately, it
is not possible to list all of them in this limited space.
vi
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter I Introduction …………………………………………………...1
1.1 Background of Problem……………………………………………...1
1.2 Problem Statement…………………………………………………..4
1.3 Scope of Study ………………………………………………………4
1.4 Objectives of Research ………………………………………………4
1.5 Benefit of Research…………………………………………………..5
Chapter II Literature Review …………………………………………….6
2.1 Introduction………………………………………………………….6
2.2 Aggregate ……………………………………………………………6
2.2.3 Recycled Aggregate ………………………………………………12
2.4 Hardened Concrete
………………………………………………19
2.5 Properties of Concrete with RCA……………………………………20
Chapter III Methodology………………………………………………….23
3.1 Location ……………………………………………………………..23
3.2 Parameter and Variable ……………………………………………...23
3.3 Data Type…………………………………………………….………23
3.4 Data Collection ………………………………………………………23
3.5 Material Used in Research…………………………………………...24
3.6 Test on Hardened Concrete………………………………………….28
3.7 Concrete Mix Design ………………………………………………33
3.8 Research Flow Chart………………………………………………...37
vii
Chapter IV Result and Discussion ………………………………………38
4.1 Properties Test…………………………………………………………..38
4.2 Compressive Strength ………………………………………………….51
4.3 Modulus Elasticity………………………………………………………55
4.4 Flexural Strength………………………………………………………..58
4.5 correlation analysis…………………………………………………... 60
4.5.1 Flexural Strength test Compressive Strength test …………………….60
Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendation…………………………... 61
5.1 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………... 61
5.2 Recommendation ……………………………………………………… 62
Reference
viii
LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1. Fine-Aggregate Grading Limits (ASTM C 33/AASHTO M 6…..9
Table 2.2. Grading Requirements for Course Aggregates
(ASTM C 33-03)
……………………………………………………....11
Table 2.3 Properties of Recycled course Aggregate.………….……………14
Table 3.1 Grading of Natural Coarse Aggregate …………….……………..25
Table 3.2 Fine Aggregate…………………………………………….……..27
Table 3.3 Grading of Recycled Aggregate ……………………….………...28
Table 3.4 Mix Design ……………………………………………………....36
Table 3.5 Sample in Research ………………………………………….…...36
Table 4.1 Gradation of Fine Aggregate……..………………………………39
Table 4.2 The Results Of Natural Coarse Aggregate Test …………….…...40
Table 4.3 Gradation Of Natural Coarse Aggregate 20 mm ……………..….41
Table 4.4 Gradation Of Natural Coarse Aggregate 10 mm …………..…..42
Table 4.5 The Results Of Recycled Aggregate Tests …………………...….43
Table 4.6 Gradation Of Recycled Aggregate 20 mm max……………….....45
Table 4.7 Gradation Of Recycled Aggregate for 10 mm max…………..….46
Table 4.8 Slump Test ……………………………………………………... 49
Table 4.9 Compressive Strength (MPa) ……………………………...…… 52
Table 4.10 Modulus Elasticity
……………………………………….55
Table 4.11 Flexural Strength ……………………………………………....58
ix
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1
Recycle Aggregate………………………………….12
Figure 3.1 Compressive Strength Machine
………………………28
Figure 3.2 True Stress-Strain curve for a typical specimen ………...29
Figure 3.3 Flexural Strength Test Machine…………………………30
Figure 3.4 Modulus Elasticity Test Machine ………………………31
Figure 4.1 Gradation of Fine Aggregate……………………………39
Figure 4.2 Natural Coarse Aggregate Gradation 20 mm…………...41
Figure 4.3 Natural Coarse Aggregate Gradation f0r max 10 mm .. .42
Figure 4.4 Recycled Aggregate Gradation 20 mm…………. ….…. 45
Figure 4.5 Recycled Aggregate Gradation 10 mm………………….46
Figure 4.6 Slump Test ………………………………………………49
Figure 4.7 Compressive Strength …………………………………..52
Figure 4.8 Modulus Elasticity for Batch 1.…………………………55
Figure 4.9 Modulus Elasticity for Batch 2………………….……….56
Figure 4.10 Flexural Strength ………………………………..….…..58
Figure 4-11 Flexural Strength test and Compressive Strength test…..60
x
APPENDIX LEST.
APPENDIX A: NCA and RCA testes.
APPENDIX B: Compressive Strength Tests.
APPENDIX C: Modulus of Elasticity Test.
APPENDIX D: Flexural Strength Test.
APPENDIX E: Pictures of the Tests from the Laboratory
xi
AGGREGATE ON CONCRETE PROPERTIES
Thesis
Arranged By:
FATHEI RAMADAN SALEH LAMEIN
S100130012
POST GRADUATE PROGRAM
MASTER PROGRAM IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015
i
EFFECT OF RECYCLED COARSE
AGGREGATE ON CONCRETE PROPERTIES
Arranged By:
FATHEI RAMADAN SALEH LAMEIN
This thesis is approved on 18 februari 2015 by,
Supervisor
Co-Supervisor
Dr. Moch .Solikin, ST, MT
Dr. Ir. sri Sunarjono, MT
Examiner
Dr. muslich hartadi sutanto, MT
ii
ii
iii
iv
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, the activity of people getting higher, therefore the need of high quality in the
Construction. is the main purpose of government in terms of developing Construction.
One of the materials that can be used as material replacement is recycled aggregate. In
terms of this research, the scope of study is about comparison between recycle coarse
aggregate and natural aggregate in terms of specific gravity, apparent specific gravity,
absorption, los Angeles. Moreover, this research will also focus on the comparison
between recycled aggregate for 0%, 35%, 50% and 65% replacement.
This research was conducted with experimental research with the mixture of recycled
coarse aggregate for 0%, 35%, 50% and 65% replacement. Based on the result of
research, it is obtained that recycled aggregate has lower value than natural aggregate in
term of specific gravity, apparent specific gravity; while recycled aggregate has higher
value of absorption and los Angeles than natural aggregate. Moreover, the value of
compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus elasticity of 0% recycled aggregate
was the highest compared to 35%, 50% and 65% replacement. Finally, it can be
concluded that the percentage of recycled aggregate will influence the value of
compressive strength, modulus elasticity and flexural strength; and the 20 mm of size
recycled aggregate will also has the the high value of compressive strength, modulus
elasticity and flexural strength.
Key Word: Recycled Aggregate, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, and Modulus
Elasticity.
iv
ABSTRAK
Saat ini, aktivitas masyarakat semakin tinggi, sehingga kebutuhan berkualitas tinggi
dalam Konstruksi tersebut. adalah tujuan utama pemerintah dalam hal mengembangkan
Konstruksi. Salah satu bahan yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti bahan daur ulang
agregat. Dalam hal penelitian ini, ruang lingkup studi tentang perbandingan antara
agregat kasar daur ulang dan agregat alami dalam hal berat jenis, jelas berat jenis,
penyerapan, los Angeles. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga akan fokus pada perbandingan
antara agregat daur ulang untuk 0%, 35%, 50% dan 65% pengganti.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penelitian eksperimental dengan campuran agregat
kasar daur ulang untuk 0%, 35%, 50% dan 65% pengganti. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian,
diperoleh bahwa agregat daur ulang memiliki nilai lebih rendah dari agregat alam dalam
hal berat jenis, jelas berat jenis; sedangkan agregat daur ulang memiliki nilai yang lebih
tinggi dari penyerapan dan los Angeles dari agregat alam. Selain itu, nilai kuat tekan,
kuat lentur dan modulus elastisitas 0% agregat daur ulang adalah yang tertinggi
dibandingkan dengan 35%, 50% dan 65% pengganti. Akhirnya, dapat disimpulkan
bahwa persentase agregat daur ulang akan mempengaruhi nilai kuat tekan, modulus
elastisitas dan kekuatan lentur; dan 20 mm dari ukuran daur ulang agregat juga akan
memiliki nilai yang tinggi kuat tekan, modulus elastisitas dan kekuatan lentur.
Kata Kunci: Daur Ulang Agregat, Kuat Tekan, Kekuatan lentur, dan Modulus
Elastisitas.
v
ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, want thank Allah I would like to express my sincere thanks and
appreciation to my father and my mother, and my wife and academic supervisors Assoc.
Dr. Moch .Solikin, ST, MT. and Dr. Ir.sri Sunarjono, MT who continuously guided me
throughout every step of my study and generously shared their time and knowledge
with me.
My special thanks must be extended to technical staff members POST GRADUATE
PROGRAM MASTER PROGRAM IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA Million words of thanks for
fellow friends who showed their concern and support all the way. Ahmed saleh lamein
and ahmed aboalauwn alriahi .Their views and tips are useful indeed. Unfortunately, it
is not possible to list all of them in this limited space.
vi
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter I Introduction …………………………………………………...1
1.1 Background of Problem……………………………………………...1
1.2 Problem Statement…………………………………………………..4
1.3 Scope of Study ………………………………………………………4
1.4 Objectives of Research ………………………………………………4
1.5 Benefit of Research…………………………………………………..5
Chapter II Literature Review …………………………………………….6
2.1 Introduction………………………………………………………….6
2.2 Aggregate ……………………………………………………………6
2.2.3 Recycled Aggregate ………………………………………………12
2.4 Hardened Concrete
………………………………………………19
2.5 Properties of Concrete with RCA……………………………………20
Chapter III Methodology………………………………………………….23
3.1 Location ……………………………………………………………..23
3.2 Parameter and Variable ……………………………………………...23
3.3 Data Type…………………………………………………….………23
3.4 Data Collection ………………………………………………………23
3.5 Material Used in Research…………………………………………...24
3.6 Test on Hardened Concrete………………………………………….28
3.7 Concrete Mix Design ………………………………………………33
3.8 Research Flow Chart………………………………………………...37
vii
Chapter IV Result and Discussion ………………………………………38
4.1 Properties Test…………………………………………………………..38
4.2 Compressive Strength ………………………………………………….51
4.3 Modulus Elasticity………………………………………………………55
4.4 Flexural Strength………………………………………………………..58
4.5 correlation analysis…………………………………………………... 60
4.5.1 Flexural Strength test Compressive Strength test …………………….60
Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendation…………………………... 61
5.1 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………... 61
5.2 Recommendation ……………………………………………………… 62
Reference
viii
LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1. Fine-Aggregate Grading Limits (ASTM C 33/AASHTO M 6…..9
Table 2.2. Grading Requirements for Course Aggregates
(ASTM C 33-03)
……………………………………………………....11
Table 2.3 Properties of Recycled course Aggregate.………….……………14
Table 3.1 Grading of Natural Coarse Aggregate …………….……………..25
Table 3.2 Fine Aggregate…………………………………………….……..27
Table 3.3 Grading of Recycled Aggregate ……………………….………...28
Table 3.4 Mix Design ……………………………………………………....36
Table 3.5 Sample in Research ………………………………………….…...36
Table 4.1 Gradation of Fine Aggregate……..………………………………39
Table 4.2 The Results Of Natural Coarse Aggregate Test …………….…...40
Table 4.3 Gradation Of Natural Coarse Aggregate 20 mm ……………..….41
Table 4.4 Gradation Of Natural Coarse Aggregate 10 mm …………..…..42
Table 4.5 The Results Of Recycled Aggregate Tests …………………...….43
Table 4.6 Gradation Of Recycled Aggregate 20 mm max……………….....45
Table 4.7 Gradation Of Recycled Aggregate for 10 mm max…………..….46
Table 4.8 Slump Test ……………………………………………………... 49
Table 4.9 Compressive Strength (MPa) ……………………………...…… 52
Table 4.10 Modulus Elasticity
……………………………………….55
Table 4.11 Flexural Strength ……………………………………………....58
ix
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1
Recycle Aggregate………………………………….12
Figure 3.1 Compressive Strength Machine
………………………28
Figure 3.2 True Stress-Strain curve for a typical specimen ………...29
Figure 3.3 Flexural Strength Test Machine…………………………30
Figure 3.4 Modulus Elasticity Test Machine ………………………31
Figure 4.1 Gradation of Fine Aggregate……………………………39
Figure 4.2 Natural Coarse Aggregate Gradation 20 mm…………...41
Figure 4.3 Natural Coarse Aggregate Gradation f0r max 10 mm .. .42
Figure 4.4 Recycled Aggregate Gradation 20 mm…………. ….…. 45
Figure 4.5 Recycled Aggregate Gradation 10 mm………………….46
Figure 4.6 Slump Test ………………………………………………49
Figure 4.7 Compressive Strength …………………………………..52
Figure 4.8 Modulus Elasticity for Batch 1.…………………………55
Figure 4.9 Modulus Elasticity for Batch 2………………….……….56
Figure 4.10 Flexural Strength ………………………………..….…..58
Figure 4-11 Flexural Strength test and Compressive Strength test…..60
x
APPENDIX LEST.
APPENDIX A: NCA and RCA testes.
APPENDIX B: Compressive Strength Tests.
APPENDIX C: Modulus of Elasticity Test.
APPENDIX D: Flexural Strength Test.
APPENDIX E: Pictures of the Tests from the Laboratory
xi