HOME | INCAS - Indonesia National Carbon Accounting System
Net GHG emissions
Annual net GHG emissions estimates from human-induced land use and land-use
change on forests and peatland for 2001–2012. The results represent the annual
sum of all GHG emissions and removals presented as CO2-e. Areas represent the
total annual area of forest and peatland subject to change, for the purposes of GHG
accounting in the INCAS framework.
Total annual GHG emissions from forest and peatland in Indonesia
Net Emission (tCO2-eq)
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
768.427.027
1.291.390.588
1.115.359.424
1.212.797.925
1.128.569.960
1.465.962.201
1.025.724.810
1.037.881.918
1.219.344.208
868.238.637
925.417.865
862.133.249
Total annual area of forest and peatland subject to change in Indonesia
Year
Area (Ha)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1.263.637
2.250.157
2.030.537
2.338.964
2.167.285
2.951.553
2.027.415
2.073.015
2.527.155
1.501.311
1.635.292
1.507.028
NOTE:
These results include ongoing GHG emissions from deforestation and forest degradation activities that were
detected during previous years, including 1990 – 2000.
Net GHG emissions by Carbon Pool
Annual net GHG emissions estimates from human-induced land use and land-use change on forests and peatland for
2001–2012. Results are presented as CO2-e emissions for all primary GHGs and all pools; covering emissions and removals
from carbon stock changes (live above-ground biomass, live below-ground biomass, litter, deadwood, and emissions from
forest fires), in addition to emissions from mineral soils, peat fires and peat biological oxidation. Areas represent the total
annual area of forest and peatland subject to change, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) in Indonesia
Year
Aboveground
Belowground
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
173.525.750
406.235.697
365.043.163
410.413.900
351.201.653
528.868.924
291.810.972
293.675.797
371.278.712
141.355.599
162.816.961
124.229.261
42.652.469
59.411.519
70.461.674
68.827.349
67.424.744
79.968.604
69.740.476
73.084.397
72.174.576
49.159.728
41.637.518
23.507.359
Litter (tCO2-eq)
896.669
13.107.311
13.861.723
21.138.233
22.233.339
29.207.726
23.516.553
23.672.979
29.192.369
23.574.945
24.214.293
24.098.779
Deadwood (tCO2-eq)
162.537.938
251.854.139
229.789.804
228.647.469
223.712.295
233.605.932
231.488.702
229.733.684
242.764.933
245.975.621
235.173.294
225.169.249
Total annual area of forest and peatland subject to change in Indonesia
Year
Area (Ha)
2001
1.263.637
2002
2.250.157
2003
2.030.537
2004
2.338.964
2005
2.167.285
2006
2.951.553
2007
2.027.415
2008
2.073.015
2009
2.527.155
2010
1.501.311
2011
1.635.292
2012
1.507.028
NOTE:
These results include ongoing GHG emissions from any deforestation and forest degradation
activities that were detected during previous years, including 1990 – 2000.
CH4 emissions from
forest fire (tCO2-eq)
2.933.331
24.727.444
15.701.004
23.455.924
18.883.080
37.688.233
10.942.284
12.353.353
24.424.995
4.043.499
11.735.635
14.861.491
N2O emissions from
forest fire (tCO2-eq)
190.863
1.608.940
1.021.617
1.526.206
1.228.665
2.452.259
711.981
803.795
1.589.260
263.098
763.602
966.992
Mineral soil (tCO2- Peat fire (tCO2eq)
eq)
45.139.929
46.021.320
47.364.675
48.707.283
50.030.169
51.727.495
53.431.151
55.418.554
57.466.852
59.370.541
58.866.168
57.816.986
33.421.181
179.920.945
62.299.323
97.093.898
77.267.691
182.619.459
22.315.312
24.797.451
92.761.804
14.701.421
57.340.566
56.689.395
Peat Biological
Oxidation (tCO2-eq)
Total (tCO2-eq)
307.128.896
308.503.274
309.816.441
312.987.663
316.588.324
319.823.569
321.767.378
324.341.906
327.690.706
329.794.183
332.869.828
334.793.736
768.427.027
1.291.390.588
1.115.359.424
1.212.797.925
1.128.569.960
1.465.962.201
1.025.724.810
1.037.881.918
1.219.344.208
868.238.637
925.417.865
862.133.249
Net GHG emissions by Gas
Annual net GHG emissions estimates from human-induced land use and land-use change on forests and peatland for
2001–2012. The results are broken down by direct CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions, and CO2 emissions from dissolved organic
carbon (DOC) exported from drained organic soils—all presented as CO2-e. Areas represent the total annual area of forest
and peatland subject to change, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) in Indonesia
CO2 (tCO2) N2O (tCO2-eq)
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
690.365.402
1.152.203.387
1.015.655.720
1.095.344.974
1.020.645.430
1.310.399.710
939.369.399
948.897.600
1.099.568.758
789.820.345
827.639.196
761.080.726
15.283.846
16.818.470
16.393.301
17.099.041
16.978.339
18.427.134
16.898.577
17.226.396
18.244.817
17.122.193
17.607.245
17.742.117
CH4 (tCO2-eq)
28.248.604
87.723.455
48.542.821
65.345.822
55.761.958
101.727.547
33.884.265
36.011.908
65.616.149
25.247.285
43.963.942
46.979.634
DOC (tCO2-eq)
34.529.175
34.645.276
34.767.581
35.008.088
35.184.233
35.407.811
35.572.568
35.746.013
35.914.484
36.048.814
36.207.482
36.330.772
Total annual area of forest and peatland subject to change in Indonesia
Year
Area (Ha)
2001
1.263.637
2002
2.250.157
2003
2.030.537
2004
2.338.964
2005
2.167.285
2006
2.951.553
2007
2.027.415
2008
2.073.015
2009
2.527.155
2010
1.501.311
2011
1.635.292
2012
1.507.028
NOTE:
These results include ongoing GHG emissions from any deforestation and forest degradation
activities that were detected during previous years, including 1990 – 2000.
Total (tCO2-eq)
768.427.027
1.291.390.588
1.115.359.424
1.212.797.925
1.128.569.960
1.465.962.201
1.025.724.810
1.037.881.918
1.219.344.208
868.238.637
925.417.865
862.133.249
Net GHG emissions by UNFCCC land-use category: forest land
Annual net carbon stock change and net GHG emissions/removals are presented in a modified common reporting format (CRF) table for the
UNFCCC forest land-use categories, separated by forest land remaining forest land, and land converted to forest land. Areas represent the total
annual area of forest subject to change, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Indonesia
GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK CATEGORIES
Carbon Stock Change/Net CO2
Land-use
Subdivision
category
emissions/removals
A. Total forest
Area (ha)
land
Net carbon stock change in living
biomass (t C)
Net carbon stock change in dead
organic matter (t C)
Net carbon stock change in mineral
soils (t C)
Net carbon stock change in organic
soils (t C)
Net emissions/removals (t CO2)
1. Forest land
remaining forest
land
Area (ha)
Net carbon stock change in living
biomass (t C)
Net carbon stock change in dead
organic matter (t C)
Net carbon stock change in mineral
soils (t C)
Net carbon stock change in organic
soils (t C)
Net emissions/removals (t CO2)
2. Land
converted to
forest land
Area (ha)
Net carbon stock change in living
biomass (t C)
Net carbon stock change in dead
organic matter (t C)
Net carbon stock change in mineral
soils (t C)
Net carbon stock change in organic
soils (t C)
Net emissions/removals (t CO2)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1.995.202
1.803.141
2.456.122
1.560.372
1.554.632
2.014.339
1.076.951
1.300.978
1.291.297
1.253.314
(14.037.946) (15.301.836)
1.204.994
2.011.699
1.656.099
(51.560.642)
(96.496.941)
(71.394.000)
(86.854.441) (67.944.715) (100.159.391) (40.855.349) (35.120.557) (55.729.926)
(7.165.453)
(39.108.918)
(37.374.491)
(41.243.783) (41.982.234) (47.006.181) (45.931.679) (45.806.664) (50.370.085) (50.870.185) (49.123.961) (48.046.280)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(40.830.986)
(41.110.706)
(41.362.645)
(42.077.218) (42.930.130) (43.596.439) (44.022.673) (44.602.681) (45.387.596) (45.972.325) (46.769.869) (47.381.473)
365.042.632
647.960.736
550.480.833
623.976.623
560.475.956
699.460.709
479.635.569
460.276.307
555.454.559
350.493.719
403.083.179
406.008.496
1.081.146
1.874.033
1.534.485
1.893.446
1.710.951
2.364.047
1.460.766
1.454.248
1.898.412
934.547
1.223.885
1.255.701
(52.017.447)
(97.354.726)
(72.631.425)
(88.473.802) (69.970.092) (102.625.818) (43.834.069) (38.629.565) (59.793.293) (3.512.049) (19.240.301) (20.793.716)
(7.149.222)
(39.086.090)
(37.345.131)
(41.221.349) (41.953.464) (46.979.791) (45.893.296) (45.754.593) (50.317.369) (50.819.843) (49.102.863) (48.054.388)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(40.830.986)
(41.110.706)
(41.362.645)
(42.077.218) (42.930.130) (43.596.439) (44.022.673) (44.602.681) (45.387.596) (45.972.325) (46.769.869) (47.381.473)
366.658.072
651.022.245
554.910.404
629.832.018
567.796.847
708.407.512
490.416.806
472.951.746
570.160.280
367.782.128
422.081.121
426.175.116
123.848
137.666
121.614
101.756
92.190
92.075
99.606
100.385
115.927
142.404
77.093
35.595
456.805
857.785
1.237.425
1.619.361
2.025.377
2.466.427
2.978.720
3.509.009
4.063.367
4.765.363
5.202.355
5.491.879
(16.231)
(22.828)
(22.435)
(28.770)
(26.390)
(38.383)
(52.071)
(52.716)
(50.342)
(21.098)
8.108
(1.615.440)
(3.061.509)
(29.360)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(4.429.571) (5.855.395) (7.320.891) (8.946.804)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(10.781.237) (12.675.438) (14.705.721) (17.288.409) (18.997.942) (20.166.621)
NOTE:
Swamp forests are assumed to be drained from the time of the first harvesting event.
Net carbon stock change in organic soils (where present) includes areas of peat degradation before 2001. This is necessary to account for ongoing emissions from drained peatland.
Net GHG emissions by UNFCCC land-use category: cropland
Annual net carbon stock change and net GHG emissions/removals are presented in a modified common reporting format (CRF) table for the
UNFCCC land use category forest land converted to cropland. Areas represent the total annual area of forest land converted to cropland, for
the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Indonesia
GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK CATEGORIES
Carbon Stock Change/Net CO2
Land-use
Subdivision
category
emissions/removals
2.1 Forest land
Area (ha)
converted to
cropland
Net carbon stock change in living
biomass (t C)
Net carbon stock change in dead
organic matter (t C)
Net carbon stock change in mineral
soils (t C)
Net carbon stock change in organic
soils (t C)
Net emissions/removals (t CO2)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
58.643
238.458
374.438
343.762
364.144
495.432
467.043
518.383
512.816
424.360
334.313
215.731
(7.397.054)
(30.497.755)
(47.380.047)
(43.847.718) (46.226.121) (65.887.208) (57.749.591) (64.904.951) (65.211.879) (53.212.040) (41.722.366) (24.989.969)
(37.407.622)
(33.153.296)
(29.075.925)
(26.879.590) (25.093.848) (24.670.271) (23.615.209) (23.304.244) (23.800.089) (22.643.606) (21.618.108) (19.935.909)
(11.181.445)
(11.399.762)
(11.732.192)
(12.064.672) (12.392.408) (12.811.600) (13.232.444) (13.724.120) (14.232.449) (14.707.692) (14.587.808) (14.331.225)
(32.738.272)
(62.469.910)
(38.677.714)
(45.763.025) (41.788.389) (63.250.649) (30.784.709) (31.327.038) (45.150.364) (29.253.015) (37.859.722) (37.580.778)
325.322.770
504.242.651
465.174.888
471.368.350
460.169.474
610.939.001
459.733.830
488.621.293
NOTE:
All areas subject to deforestation are assumed to be converted to cropland.
Net carbon stock change in dead organic matter includes areas deforested before 2001. This is necessary to account for lag emissions from decaying dead organic matter.
Net carbon stock change in mineral soils assumes all areas subject to deforestation are converted to cropland, including areas deforested before 2001. This is necessary to account for ongoing
emissions from disturbed mineral soil.
Net carbon stock change in organic soils includes areas of peat degradation before 2001. This is necessary to account for ongoing emissions from drained peatland.
544.114.199
439.326.626
424.556.017
355.072.230
Net GHG emissions by REDD+ activity
Annual net GHG emissions estimates for each REDD+ activity for 2001–2012 are presented as CO2- equivalent emissions for all
primary GHGs, covering carbon pools from forest components (i.e. live above-ground biomass, live below-ground biomass, litter and
deadwood, but excluding soil). Emissions from forest fires are also included. Areas represent the total additional annual area of forest
impacted by each REDD+ activity, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) excluding soil, by REDD+ activity in Indonesia
Year
Deforestation
Forest Degradation
SMF
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
164.356.481
235.135.709
282.617.373
262.168.210
265.583.856
338.573.120
299.836.062
326.496.415
330.368.096
278.893.880
233.304.995
165.340.389
218.633.668
522.088.555
413.413.929
494.015.391
422.024.254
577.388.045
329.479.098
308.847.894
414.112.530
191.532.040
250.413.654
256.330.688
1.362.311
2.782.295
4.277.254
3.680.875
4.396.556
4.777.316
9.677.045
10.655.135
11.649.940
11.234.979
11.620.595
11.328.675
Enhancement Forest Cstock (tCO2-eq)
Total
(tCO2-eq)
(1.615.440)
(3.061.509)
(4.429.571)
(5.855.395)
(7.320.891)
(8.946.804)
(10.781.237)
(12.675.438)
(14.705.721)
(17.288.409)
(18.997.942)
(20.166.621)
382.737.020
756.945.049
695.878.986
754.009.081
684.683.775
911.791.678
628.210.968
633.324.006
741.424.846
464.372.491
476.341.302
412.833.132
Total additional annual area of forest impacted by REDD+ activity in Indonesia
Year
Deforestation
Forest Degradation
SMF
Enhancement Forest C(Ha)
(Ha)
(Ha)
stock (Ha)
2001
58.643
1.060.372
20.775
123.848
2002
238.458
1.851.791
22.242
137.666
2003
374.438
1.510.628
23.856
121.614
2004
343.762
1.869.198
24.248
101.756
2005
364.144
1.682.844
28.106
92.190
2006
495.432
2.332.893
31.154
92.075
2007
467.043
1.372.924
87.842
99.606
2008
518.383
1.368.761
85.487
100.385
2009
512.816
1.814.412
84.000
115.927
2010
424.360
854.823
79.724
142.404
2011
334.313
1.144.958
78.927
77.093
2012
215.731
1.177.797
77.905
35.595
Total
(Ha)
1.263.637
2.250.157
2.030.537
2.338.964
2.167.285
2.951.553
2.027.415
2.073.015
2.527.155
1.501.311
1.635.292
1.507.028
NOTE:
The results reflect the definitions of REDD+ activities adopted for the GHG inventory in this analysis, the observed forest cover
changes and forest management activities 2000–2012, as well as historical land-use changes that result in ongoing GHG emissions.
Net GHG emissions by event
Annual net GHG emissions estimates from forests for 2001–2012, excluding soil. The results are broken down by the type of event
that initiated the change in carbon stocks/emissions. Areas represent the total annual area impacted by each event type, for the
purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) excluding soil, by event type in Indonesia
Year
Clearing (tCO2-eq)
Logging (tCO2-eq)
Fire (tCO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
164.168.966
225.583.448
267.302.132
243.984.501
242.718.112
302.872.072
290.029.662
313.180.791
310.654.164
273.790.025
226.885.067
159.674.576
195.858.407
289.260.295
281.699.400
292.874.585
284.447.456
275.216.608
257.833.975
247.826.639
243.299.750
192.603.505
184.178.485
157.228.082
24.325.087
245.162.816
151.307.025
223.005.390
164.839.098
342.649.801
91.128.569
84.992.014
202.176.651
15.267.371
84.275.692
116.097.095
Total annual area of forest impacted by event type in Indonesia
Year
Clearing (Ha)
Logging (Ha)
2001
58.275
990.091
2002
219.610
1.017.845
2003
344.907
1.033.649
2004
310.888
1.115.483
2005
321.090
1.128.032
2006
428.267
1.145.009
2007
453.671
1.105.857
2008
497.094
1.100.239
2009
479.382
1.105.789
2010
419.027
801.394
2011
325.560
803.957
2012
207.999
691.971
Fire (Ha)
91.423
875.036
530.368
810.837
625.973
1.286.203
368.281
375.297
826.057
138.486
428.681
571.462
Planting (tCO2-eq)
(1.615.440)
(3.061.509)
(4.429.571)
(5.855.395)
(7.320.891)
(8.946.804)
(10.781.237)
(12.675.438)
(14.705.721)
(17.288.409)
(18.997.942)
(20.166.621)
Planting (Ha)
123.848
137.666
121.614
101.756
92.190
92.075
99.606
100.385
115.927
142.404
77.093
35.595
NOTE:
These results include ongoing GHG emissions from any deforestation and forest degradation activities that
were detected during previous years, including 1990 – 2000.
Total (tCO2-eq)
382.737.020
756.945.049
695.878.986
754.009.081
684.683.775
911.791.678
628.210.968
633.324.006
741.424.846
464.372.491
476.341.302
412.833.132
Total (Ha)
1.263.637
2.250.157
2.030.537
2.338.964
2.167.285
2.951.553
2.027.415
2.073.015
2.527.155
1.501.311
1.635.292
1.507.028
Net GHG emissions by forest function
Annual net emissions estimates from forests for 2001–2012, excluding soil. The results are broken down by
forest function. Deforestation events mainly occurred in production forests, especially in convertible
production forest, and forested land allocated for other uses, known as APL (areal penggunaan lain ). Areas
represent the total annual area of forest subject to change by each forest function, for the purposes of GHG
accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) excluding soil, by forest function in Indonesia
Year
APL
Conservation & Protection
Production
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
98.417.220
191.283.815
166.959.238
174.498.557
155.925.635
232.513.031
130.673.820
148.262.730
192.617.790
105.412.806
111.518.949
75.225.608
65.754.660
164.694.667
127.376.899
154.769.797
128.211.583
173.200.208
113.753.669
106.702.907
128.872.517
86.781.450
81.595.920
67.133.753
Total
(tCO2-eq)
218.565.140
400.966.568
401.542.849
424.740.727
400.546.557
506.078.439
383.783.479
378.358.369
419.934.538
272.178.235
283.226.434
270.473.771
382.737.020
756.945.049
695.878.986
754.009.081
684.683.775
911.791.678
628.210.968
633.324.006
741.424.846
464.372.491
476.341.302
412.833.132
Total annual area of forest impacted by forest function in Indonesia
Year
APL
Conservation & Protection
Production
(Ha)
(Ha)
(Ha)
2001
151.637
199.172
912.829
2002
415.702
454.754
1.379.701
2003
359.321
327.508
1.343.708
2004
407.917
532.792
1.398.255
2005
356.186
441.941
1.369.159
2006
568.962
604.275
1.778.317
2007
264.236
324.406
1.438.773
2008
310.582
315.234
1.447.198
2009
453.708
415.085
1.658.361
2010
228.363
207.753
1.065.196
2011
263.383
211.364
1.160.544
2012
199.194
162.718
1.145.117
Total
(Ha)
1.263.637
2.250.157
2.030.537
2.338.964
2.167.285
2.951.553
2.027.415
2.073.015
2.527.155
1.501.311
1.635.292
1.507.028
NOTE:
These results include ongoing GHG emissions from deforestation and forest degradation activities that were
detected during previous years, including 1990 – 2000.
Mineral soil emissions
Total annual emissions in tonnes CO2-e from the soil organic carbon pool on mineral soil subject to change
from forest to non-forest. This includes CO2 emissions and non-CO2 emissions (N2O) from mineral soil. Areas
represent the total additional annual area of mineral soil subject to change from forest to non-forest, for the
purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) from mineral soil subject to change from forest to non-forest in Indonesia
Year
N2O (t CO2-eq)
CO2 (t CO2)
Total (t CO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
4.141.300
4.222.191
4.346.637
4.470.152
4.591.339
4.751.627
4.912.189
5.096.782
5.281.205
5.442.338
5.377.538
5.269.162
40.998.630
41.799.129
43.018.037
44.237.132
45.438.830
46.975.868
48.518.963
50.321.773
52.185.647
53.928.203
53.488.630
52.547.824
45.139.929
46.021.320
47.364.675
48.707.283
50.030.169
51.727.495
53.431.151
55.418.554
57.466.852
59.370.541
58.866.168
57.816.986
Total additional annual area of mineral soil subject to change from forest to non-forest in Indonesia.
Year
Annual area of mineral
soil subject to change
from forest to nonforest (Ha)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
40.353
165.052
253.886
253.664
248.994
325.777
331.621
371.192
375.820
328.538
254.790
166.033
NOTE:
Net carbon stock change in mineral soils assumes all areas subject to deforestation are converted to cropland,
including areas deforested before 2001. This is necessary to account for ongoing emissions from disturbed
mineral soil.
Peat fire emissions by fire type
Total annual GHG emissions from peat fires for 2001–2012. Results include CO2 emissions and non-CO2 emissions (CH4)
from the burning of peat presented as CO2-e emissions. Results are broken down by the first fire, second fire, and third
and subsequent fires to occur at a location during the period, to account for different peat fire characteristics. Areas
represent the total annual area of peatland impacted by fire, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS
framework.
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) from peat fire in Indonesia
Year
First Fire
Second Fire
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
34.243
4.758.844
1.222.677
3.374.448
8.336.968
11.199.832
1.807.386
3.929.944
8.807.648
1.001.417
2.720.061
472.066
33.386.938
170.128.158
53.040.613
76.890.372
51.350.170
134.582.701
13.126.957
11.938.125
50.813.591
6.332.691
29.064.041
27.128.957
Total annual area of peat land impacted by fire in Indonesia
Year
Area subject to First Area subject to Second Fire
Fire (Ha)
(Ha)
2001
69
109.569
2002
9.544
558.328
2003
2.452
174.069
2004
6.768
252.339
2005
16.720
168.521
2006
22.462
441.674
2007
3.625
43.080
2008
7.882
39.179
2009
17.664
166.760
2010
2.008
20.783
2011
5.455
95.383
2012
947
89.032
NOTE:
Excludes emissions from biomass burning.
Third and subsequent fire
(tCO2-eq)
5.033.943
8.036.032
16.829.077
17.580.554
36.836.926
7.380.969
8.929.382
33.140.565
7.367.312
25.556.464
29.088.373
Area subject to Third and
subsequent fire (Ha)
45.431
72.525
151.882
158.664
332.452
66.613
80.587
299.092
66.490
230.646
262.522
Total
(tCO2-eq)
33.421.181
179.920.945
62.299.323
97.093.898
77.267.691
182.619.459
22.315.312
24.797.451
92.761.804
14.701.421
57.340.566
56.689.395
Total (Ha)
109.638
613.303
249.046
410.989
343.905
796.588
113.318
127.648
483.517
89.281
331.484
352.500
Peat fire emissions by gas
Total annual GHG emissions from peat fires in Indonesia for 2001–2012. Results are presented
as CO2 emissions and methane (CH4) emissions from the burning of peat, presented as CO2-e.
Areas represent the total annual area of peatland impacted by fire, for the purposes of GHG
accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG Emissions (tCO2-eq) from peat fire in Indonesia
Year
CO2 (tCO2)
CH4 (tCO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
24.837.173
133.709.450
46.298.157
72.155.978
57.422.000
135.714.869
16.583.773
18.428.391
68.936.553
10.925.459
42.613.024
42.129.102
8.584.007
46.211.495
16.001.166
24.937.920
19.845.691
46.904.590
5.731.539
6.369.060
23.825.251
3.775.962
14.727.542
14.560.293
Total annual area of peat land impacted by fire in Indonesia
Year
Area subject to fire (Ha)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
109.638
613.303
249.046
410.989
343.905
796.588
113.318
127.648
483.517
89.281
331.484
352.500
NOTE:
Excludes emissions from biomass burning.
Total (tCO2-eq)
33.421.181
179.920.945
62.299.323
97.093.898
77.267.691
182.619.459
22.315.312
24.797.451
92.761.804
14.701.421
57.340.566
56.689.395
Peat biological oxidation emissions by gas
Total annual GHG emissions from peat biological oxidation on disturbed peatland for the period 2001 to 2012. Results include direct emissions
of CO2, N2O, CH4 and CO2 emissions from dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exported from drained organic soils, all presented as CO2-equivalent.
Areas represent the total additional annual area of peatland subject to biological oxidation, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS
framework.
Net GHG Emissions (tCO2-eq) from peat biological oxidation in Indonesia
Year
Annual Biological
N 2O
CH4
Oxidation (tCO2)
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
244.916.773
246.086.142
247.183.161
249.924.913
253.212.570
256.057.787
257.709.961
259.980.579
263.035.968
264.900.789
267.695.477
269.399.151
10.951.684
10.987.339
11.025.047
11.102.683
11.158.335
11.223.248
11.274.407
11.325.819
11.374.352
11.416.757
11.466.104
11.505.963
16.731.265
16.784.516
16.840.652
16.951.978
17.033.187
17.134.724
17.210.442
17.289.495
17.365.903
17.427.824
17.500.765
17.557.850
Total annual area of additional peat land subject to biological oxidation in Indonesia
Year
Annual area of peat
subject to degradation
(Ha)
2001
85.987
2002
238.235
2003
228.510
2004
284.551
2005
350.129
2006
524.131
2007
262.858
2008
274.848
2009
409.098
2010
202.130
2011
258.214
2012
261.759
NOTE:
These results include ongoing GHG emissions from degraded peat that was disturbed during
previous years, including 1990 – 2000.
DOC
(tCO2-eq)
34.529.175
34.645.276
34.767.581
35.008.088
35.184.233
35.407.811
35.572.568
35.746.013
35.914.484
36.048.814
36.207.482
36.330.772
Total
(tCO2-eq)
307.128.896
308.503.274
309.816.441
312.987.663
316.588.324
319.823.569
321.767.378
324.341.906
327.690.706
329.794.183
332.869.828
334.793.736
Peat biological oxidation emissions by REDD+ activity
Total annual GHG emissions from peat biological oxidation on disturbed peatland for 2001–2012. Results are broken down by REDD+ activity that initiated the peatland
drainage and degradation. Areas represent the total additional annual area of peatland subject to biological oxidation, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS
framework.
Net GHG Emissions (tCO2-eq) from peat biological oxidation, by REDD+ activity in Indonesia
Year
Deforestation
Deforested before 2001
Forest Degradation
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
25.117.617
25.280.868
25.480.807
25.625.057
25.813.382
26.241.524
26.358.472
26.538.156
26.738.607
26.482.921
26.389.689
25.869.913
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
44.082.665
45.293.791
46.407.020
49.433.991
52.846.328
55.653.431
57.473.364
59.861.281
63.002.703
65.354.939
68.516.888
70.953.645
Total annual area of additional peat land subject to biological oxidation in Indonesia
Year
Annual area of peat
subject to degradation
(Ha)
2001
85.987
2002
238.235
2003
228.510
2004
284.551
2005
350.129
2006
524.131
2007
262.858
2008
274.848
2009
409.098
2010
202.130
2011
258.214
2012
261.759
NOTE:
These results include ongoing GHG emissions from degraded peat that was disturbed during
previous years, including 1990 – 2000.
Forest Degradation
before 2001
(tCO2-eq)
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
SMF
(tCO2-eq)
3.503.050
3.503.050
3.503.050
3.503.050
3.503.050
3.503.050
3.509.977
3.516.904
3.523.832
3.530.759
3.537.686
3.544.613
Total
(tCO2-eq)
307.128.896
308.503.274
309.816.441
312.987.663
316.588.324
319.823.569
321.767.378
324.341.906
327.690.706
329.794.183
332.869.828
334.793.736
Annual net GHG emissions estimates from human-induced land use and land-use
change on forests and peatland for 2001–2012. The results represent the annual
sum of all GHG emissions and removals presented as CO2-e. Areas represent the
total annual area of forest and peatland subject to change, for the purposes of GHG
accounting in the INCAS framework.
Total annual GHG emissions from forest and peatland in Indonesia
Net Emission (tCO2-eq)
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
768.427.027
1.291.390.588
1.115.359.424
1.212.797.925
1.128.569.960
1.465.962.201
1.025.724.810
1.037.881.918
1.219.344.208
868.238.637
925.417.865
862.133.249
Total annual area of forest and peatland subject to change in Indonesia
Year
Area (Ha)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1.263.637
2.250.157
2.030.537
2.338.964
2.167.285
2.951.553
2.027.415
2.073.015
2.527.155
1.501.311
1.635.292
1.507.028
NOTE:
These results include ongoing GHG emissions from deforestation and forest degradation activities that were
detected during previous years, including 1990 – 2000.
Net GHG emissions by Carbon Pool
Annual net GHG emissions estimates from human-induced land use and land-use change on forests and peatland for
2001–2012. Results are presented as CO2-e emissions for all primary GHGs and all pools; covering emissions and removals
from carbon stock changes (live above-ground biomass, live below-ground biomass, litter, deadwood, and emissions from
forest fires), in addition to emissions from mineral soils, peat fires and peat biological oxidation. Areas represent the total
annual area of forest and peatland subject to change, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) in Indonesia
Year
Aboveground
Belowground
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
173.525.750
406.235.697
365.043.163
410.413.900
351.201.653
528.868.924
291.810.972
293.675.797
371.278.712
141.355.599
162.816.961
124.229.261
42.652.469
59.411.519
70.461.674
68.827.349
67.424.744
79.968.604
69.740.476
73.084.397
72.174.576
49.159.728
41.637.518
23.507.359
Litter (tCO2-eq)
896.669
13.107.311
13.861.723
21.138.233
22.233.339
29.207.726
23.516.553
23.672.979
29.192.369
23.574.945
24.214.293
24.098.779
Deadwood (tCO2-eq)
162.537.938
251.854.139
229.789.804
228.647.469
223.712.295
233.605.932
231.488.702
229.733.684
242.764.933
245.975.621
235.173.294
225.169.249
Total annual area of forest and peatland subject to change in Indonesia
Year
Area (Ha)
2001
1.263.637
2002
2.250.157
2003
2.030.537
2004
2.338.964
2005
2.167.285
2006
2.951.553
2007
2.027.415
2008
2.073.015
2009
2.527.155
2010
1.501.311
2011
1.635.292
2012
1.507.028
NOTE:
These results include ongoing GHG emissions from any deforestation and forest degradation
activities that were detected during previous years, including 1990 – 2000.
CH4 emissions from
forest fire (tCO2-eq)
2.933.331
24.727.444
15.701.004
23.455.924
18.883.080
37.688.233
10.942.284
12.353.353
24.424.995
4.043.499
11.735.635
14.861.491
N2O emissions from
forest fire (tCO2-eq)
190.863
1.608.940
1.021.617
1.526.206
1.228.665
2.452.259
711.981
803.795
1.589.260
263.098
763.602
966.992
Mineral soil (tCO2- Peat fire (tCO2eq)
eq)
45.139.929
46.021.320
47.364.675
48.707.283
50.030.169
51.727.495
53.431.151
55.418.554
57.466.852
59.370.541
58.866.168
57.816.986
33.421.181
179.920.945
62.299.323
97.093.898
77.267.691
182.619.459
22.315.312
24.797.451
92.761.804
14.701.421
57.340.566
56.689.395
Peat Biological
Oxidation (tCO2-eq)
Total (tCO2-eq)
307.128.896
308.503.274
309.816.441
312.987.663
316.588.324
319.823.569
321.767.378
324.341.906
327.690.706
329.794.183
332.869.828
334.793.736
768.427.027
1.291.390.588
1.115.359.424
1.212.797.925
1.128.569.960
1.465.962.201
1.025.724.810
1.037.881.918
1.219.344.208
868.238.637
925.417.865
862.133.249
Net GHG emissions by Gas
Annual net GHG emissions estimates from human-induced land use and land-use change on forests and peatland for
2001–2012. The results are broken down by direct CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions, and CO2 emissions from dissolved organic
carbon (DOC) exported from drained organic soils—all presented as CO2-e. Areas represent the total annual area of forest
and peatland subject to change, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) in Indonesia
CO2 (tCO2) N2O (tCO2-eq)
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
690.365.402
1.152.203.387
1.015.655.720
1.095.344.974
1.020.645.430
1.310.399.710
939.369.399
948.897.600
1.099.568.758
789.820.345
827.639.196
761.080.726
15.283.846
16.818.470
16.393.301
17.099.041
16.978.339
18.427.134
16.898.577
17.226.396
18.244.817
17.122.193
17.607.245
17.742.117
CH4 (tCO2-eq)
28.248.604
87.723.455
48.542.821
65.345.822
55.761.958
101.727.547
33.884.265
36.011.908
65.616.149
25.247.285
43.963.942
46.979.634
DOC (tCO2-eq)
34.529.175
34.645.276
34.767.581
35.008.088
35.184.233
35.407.811
35.572.568
35.746.013
35.914.484
36.048.814
36.207.482
36.330.772
Total annual area of forest and peatland subject to change in Indonesia
Year
Area (Ha)
2001
1.263.637
2002
2.250.157
2003
2.030.537
2004
2.338.964
2005
2.167.285
2006
2.951.553
2007
2.027.415
2008
2.073.015
2009
2.527.155
2010
1.501.311
2011
1.635.292
2012
1.507.028
NOTE:
These results include ongoing GHG emissions from any deforestation and forest degradation
activities that were detected during previous years, including 1990 – 2000.
Total (tCO2-eq)
768.427.027
1.291.390.588
1.115.359.424
1.212.797.925
1.128.569.960
1.465.962.201
1.025.724.810
1.037.881.918
1.219.344.208
868.238.637
925.417.865
862.133.249
Net GHG emissions by UNFCCC land-use category: forest land
Annual net carbon stock change and net GHG emissions/removals are presented in a modified common reporting format (CRF) table for the
UNFCCC forest land-use categories, separated by forest land remaining forest land, and land converted to forest land. Areas represent the total
annual area of forest subject to change, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Indonesia
GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK CATEGORIES
Carbon Stock Change/Net CO2
Land-use
Subdivision
category
emissions/removals
A. Total forest
Area (ha)
land
Net carbon stock change in living
biomass (t C)
Net carbon stock change in dead
organic matter (t C)
Net carbon stock change in mineral
soils (t C)
Net carbon stock change in organic
soils (t C)
Net emissions/removals (t CO2)
1. Forest land
remaining forest
land
Area (ha)
Net carbon stock change in living
biomass (t C)
Net carbon stock change in dead
organic matter (t C)
Net carbon stock change in mineral
soils (t C)
Net carbon stock change in organic
soils (t C)
Net emissions/removals (t CO2)
2. Land
converted to
forest land
Area (ha)
Net carbon stock change in living
biomass (t C)
Net carbon stock change in dead
organic matter (t C)
Net carbon stock change in mineral
soils (t C)
Net carbon stock change in organic
soils (t C)
Net emissions/removals (t CO2)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1.995.202
1.803.141
2.456.122
1.560.372
1.554.632
2.014.339
1.076.951
1.300.978
1.291.297
1.253.314
(14.037.946) (15.301.836)
1.204.994
2.011.699
1.656.099
(51.560.642)
(96.496.941)
(71.394.000)
(86.854.441) (67.944.715) (100.159.391) (40.855.349) (35.120.557) (55.729.926)
(7.165.453)
(39.108.918)
(37.374.491)
(41.243.783) (41.982.234) (47.006.181) (45.931.679) (45.806.664) (50.370.085) (50.870.185) (49.123.961) (48.046.280)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(40.830.986)
(41.110.706)
(41.362.645)
(42.077.218) (42.930.130) (43.596.439) (44.022.673) (44.602.681) (45.387.596) (45.972.325) (46.769.869) (47.381.473)
365.042.632
647.960.736
550.480.833
623.976.623
560.475.956
699.460.709
479.635.569
460.276.307
555.454.559
350.493.719
403.083.179
406.008.496
1.081.146
1.874.033
1.534.485
1.893.446
1.710.951
2.364.047
1.460.766
1.454.248
1.898.412
934.547
1.223.885
1.255.701
(52.017.447)
(97.354.726)
(72.631.425)
(88.473.802) (69.970.092) (102.625.818) (43.834.069) (38.629.565) (59.793.293) (3.512.049) (19.240.301) (20.793.716)
(7.149.222)
(39.086.090)
(37.345.131)
(41.221.349) (41.953.464) (46.979.791) (45.893.296) (45.754.593) (50.317.369) (50.819.843) (49.102.863) (48.054.388)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(40.830.986)
(41.110.706)
(41.362.645)
(42.077.218) (42.930.130) (43.596.439) (44.022.673) (44.602.681) (45.387.596) (45.972.325) (46.769.869) (47.381.473)
366.658.072
651.022.245
554.910.404
629.832.018
567.796.847
708.407.512
490.416.806
472.951.746
570.160.280
367.782.128
422.081.121
426.175.116
123.848
137.666
121.614
101.756
92.190
92.075
99.606
100.385
115.927
142.404
77.093
35.595
456.805
857.785
1.237.425
1.619.361
2.025.377
2.466.427
2.978.720
3.509.009
4.063.367
4.765.363
5.202.355
5.491.879
(16.231)
(22.828)
(22.435)
(28.770)
(26.390)
(38.383)
(52.071)
(52.716)
(50.342)
(21.098)
8.108
(1.615.440)
(3.061.509)
(29.360)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(4.429.571) (5.855.395) (7.320.891) (8.946.804)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(10.781.237) (12.675.438) (14.705.721) (17.288.409) (18.997.942) (20.166.621)
NOTE:
Swamp forests are assumed to be drained from the time of the first harvesting event.
Net carbon stock change in organic soils (where present) includes areas of peat degradation before 2001. This is necessary to account for ongoing emissions from drained peatland.
Net GHG emissions by UNFCCC land-use category: cropland
Annual net carbon stock change and net GHG emissions/removals are presented in a modified common reporting format (CRF) table for the
UNFCCC land use category forest land converted to cropland. Areas represent the total annual area of forest land converted to cropland, for
the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Indonesia
GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK CATEGORIES
Carbon Stock Change/Net CO2
Land-use
Subdivision
category
emissions/removals
2.1 Forest land
Area (ha)
converted to
cropland
Net carbon stock change in living
biomass (t C)
Net carbon stock change in dead
organic matter (t C)
Net carbon stock change in mineral
soils (t C)
Net carbon stock change in organic
soils (t C)
Net emissions/removals (t CO2)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
58.643
238.458
374.438
343.762
364.144
495.432
467.043
518.383
512.816
424.360
334.313
215.731
(7.397.054)
(30.497.755)
(47.380.047)
(43.847.718) (46.226.121) (65.887.208) (57.749.591) (64.904.951) (65.211.879) (53.212.040) (41.722.366) (24.989.969)
(37.407.622)
(33.153.296)
(29.075.925)
(26.879.590) (25.093.848) (24.670.271) (23.615.209) (23.304.244) (23.800.089) (22.643.606) (21.618.108) (19.935.909)
(11.181.445)
(11.399.762)
(11.732.192)
(12.064.672) (12.392.408) (12.811.600) (13.232.444) (13.724.120) (14.232.449) (14.707.692) (14.587.808) (14.331.225)
(32.738.272)
(62.469.910)
(38.677.714)
(45.763.025) (41.788.389) (63.250.649) (30.784.709) (31.327.038) (45.150.364) (29.253.015) (37.859.722) (37.580.778)
325.322.770
504.242.651
465.174.888
471.368.350
460.169.474
610.939.001
459.733.830
488.621.293
NOTE:
All areas subject to deforestation are assumed to be converted to cropland.
Net carbon stock change in dead organic matter includes areas deforested before 2001. This is necessary to account for lag emissions from decaying dead organic matter.
Net carbon stock change in mineral soils assumes all areas subject to deforestation are converted to cropland, including areas deforested before 2001. This is necessary to account for ongoing
emissions from disturbed mineral soil.
Net carbon stock change in organic soils includes areas of peat degradation before 2001. This is necessary to account for ongoing emissions from drained peatland.
544.114.199
439.326.626
424.556.017
355.072.230
Net GHG emissions by REDD+ activity
Annual net GHG emissions estimates for each REDD+ activity for 2001–2012 are presented as CO2- equivalent emissions for all
primary GHGs, covering carbon pools from forest components (i.e. live above-ground biomass, live below-ground biomass, litter and
deadwood, but excluding soil). Emissions from forest fires are also included. Areas represent the total additional annual area of forest
impacted by each REDD+ activity, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) excluding soil, by REDD+ activity in Indonesia
Year
Deforestation
Forest Degradation
SMF
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
164.356.481
235.135.709
282.617.373
262.168.210
265.583.856
338.573.120
299.836.062
326.496.415
330.368.096
278.893.880
233.304.995
165.340.389
218.633.668
522.088.555
413.413.929
494.015.391
422.024.254
577.388.045
329.479.098
308.847.894
414.112.530
191.532.040
250.413.654
256.330.688
1.362.311
2.782.295
4.277.254
3.680.875
4.396.556
4.777.316
9.677.045
10.655.135
11.649.940
11.234.979
11.620.595
11.328.675
Enhancement Forest Cstock (tCO2-eq)
Total
(tCO2-eq)
(1.615.440)
(3.061.509)
(4.429.571)
(5.855.395)
(7.320.891)
(8.946.804)
(10.781.237)
(12.675.438)
(14.705.721)
(17.288.409)
(18.997.942)
(20.166.621)
382.737.020
756.945.049
695.878.986
754.009.081
684.683.775
911.791.678
628.210.968
633.324.006
741.424.846
464.372.491
476.341.302
412.833.132
Total additional annual area of forest impacted by REDD+ activity in Indonesia
Year
Deforestation
Forest Degradation
SMF
Enhancement Forest C(Ha)
(Ha)
(Ha)
stock (Ha)
2001
58.643
1.060.372
20.775
123.848
2002
238.458
1.851.791
22.242
137.666
2003
374.438
1.510.628
23.856
121.614
2004
343.762
1.869.198
24.248
101.756
2005
364.144
1.682.844
28.106
92.190
2006
495.432
2.332.893
31.154
92.075
2007
467.043
1.372.924
87.842
99.606
2008
518.383
1.368.761
85.487
100.385
2009
512.816
1.814.412
84.000
115.927
2010
424.360
854.823
79.724
142.404
2011
334.313
1.144.958
78.927
77.093
2012
215.731
1.177.797
77.905
35.595
Total
(Ha)
1.263.637
2.250.157
2.030.537
2.338.964
2.167.285
2.951.553
2.027.415
2.073.015
2.527.155
1.501.311
1.635.292
1.507.028
NOTE:
The results reflect the definitions of REDD+ activities adopted for the GHG inventory in this analysis, the observed forest cover
changes and forest management activities 2000–2012, as well as historical land-use changes that result in ongoing GHG emissions.
Net GHG emissions by event
Annual net GHG emissions estimates from forests for 2001–2012, excluding soil. The results are broken down by the type of event
that initiated the change in carbon stocks/emissions. Areas represent the total annual area impacted by each event type, for the
purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) excluding soil, by event type in Indonesia
Year
Clearing (tCO2-eq)
Logging (tCO2-eq)
Fire (tCO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
164.168.966
225.583.448
267.302.132
243.984.501
242.718.112
302.872.072
290.029.662
313.180.791
310.654.164
273.790.025
226.885.067
159.674.576
195.858.407
289.260.295
281.699.400
292.874.585
284.447.456
275.216.608
257.833.975
247.826.639
243.299.750
192.603.505
184.178.485
157.228.082
24.325.087
245.162.816
151.307.025
223.005.390
164.839.098
342.649.801
91.128.569
84.992.014
202.176.651
15.267.371
84.275.692
116.097.095
Total annual area of forest impacted by event type in Indonesia
Year
Clearing (Ha)
Logging (Ha)
2001
58.275
990.091
2002
219.610
1.017.845
2003
344.907
1.033.649
2004
310.888
1.115.483
2005
321.090
1.128.032
2006
428.267
1.145.009
2007
453.671
1.105.857
2008
497.094
1.100.239
2009
479.382
1.105.789
2010
419.027
801.394
2011
325.560
803.957
2012
207.999
691.971
Fire (Ha)
91.423
875.036
530.368
810.837
625.973
1.286.203
368.281
375.297
826.057
138.486
428.681
571.462
Planting (tCO2-eq)
(1.615.440)
(3.061.509)
(4.429.571)
(5.855.395)
(7.320.891)
(8.946.804)
(10.781.237)
(12.675.438)
(14.705.721)
(17.288.409)
(18.997.942)
(20.166.621)
Planting (Ha)
123.848
137.666
121.614
101.756
92.190
92.075
99.606
100.385
115.927
142.404
77.093
35.595
NOTE:
These results include ongoing GHG emissions from any deforestation and forest degradation activities that
were detected during previous years, including 1990 – 2000.
Total (tCO2-eq)
382.737.020
756.945.049
695.878.986
754.009.081
684.683.775
911.791.678
628.210.968
633.324.006
741.424.846
464.372.491
476.341.302
412.833.132
Total (Ha)
1.263.637
2.250.157
2.030.537
2.338.964
2.167.285
2.951.553
2.027.415
2.073.015
2.527.155
1.501.311
1.635.292
1.507.028
Net GHG emissions by forest function
Annual net emissions estimates from forests for 2001–2012, excluding soil. The results are broken down by
forest function. Deforestation events mainly occurred in production forests, especially in convertible
production forest, and forested land allocated for other uses, known as APL (areal penggunaan lain ). Areas
represent the total annual area of forest subject to change by each forest function, for the purposes of GHG
accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) excluding soil, by forest function in Indonesia
Year
APL
Conservation & Protection
Production
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
98.417.220
191.283.815
166.959.238
174.498.557
155.925.635
232.513.031
130.673.820
148.262.730
192.617.790
105.412.806
111.518.949
75.225.608
65.754.660
164.694.667
127.376.899
154.769.797
128.211.583
173.200.208
113.753.669
106.702.907
128.872.517
86.781.450
81.595.920
67.133.753
Total
(tCO2-eq)
218.565.140
400.966.568
401.542.849
424.740.727
400.546.557
506.078.439
383.783.479
378.358.369
419.934.538
272.178.235
283.226.434
270.473.771
382.737.020
756.945.049
695.878.986
754.009.081
684.683.775
911.791.678
628.210.968
633.324.006
741.424.846
464.372.491
476.341.302
412.833.132
Total annual area of forest impacted by forest function in Indonesia
Year
APL
Conservation & Protection
Production
(Ha)
(Ha)
(Ha)
2001
151.637
199.172
912.829
2002
415.702
454.754
1.379.701
2003
359.321
327.508
1.343.708
2004
407.917
532.792
1.398.255
2005
356.186
441.941
1.369.159
2006
568.962
604.275
1.778.317
2007
264.236
324.406
1.438.773
2008
310.582
315.234
1.447.198
2009
453.708
415.085
1.658.361
2010
228.363
207.753
1.065.196
2011
263.383
211.364
1.160.544
2012
199.194
162.718
1.145.117
Total
(Ha)
1.263.637
2.250.157
2.030.537
2.338.964
2.167.285
2.951.553
2.027.415
2.073.015
2.527.155
1.501.311
1.635.292
1.507.028
NOTE:
These results include ongoing GHG emissions from deforestation and forest degradation activities that were
detected during previous years, including 1990 – 2000.
Mineral soil emissions
Total annual emissions in tonnes CO2-e from the soil organic carbon pool on mineral soil subject to change
from forest to non-forest. This includes CO2 emissions and non-CO2 emissions (N2O) from mineral soil. Areas
represent the total additional annual area of mineral soil subject to change from forest to non-forest, for the
purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) from mineral soil subject to change from forest to non-forest in Indonesia
Year
N2O (t CO2-eq)
CO2 (t CO2)
Total (t CO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
4.141.300
4.222.191
4.346.637
4.470.152
4.591.339
4.751.627
4.912.189
5.096.782
5.281.205
5.442.338
5.377.538
5.269.162
40.998.630
41.799.129
43.018.037
44.237.132
45.438.830
46.975.868
48.518.963
50.321.773
52.185.647
53.928.203
53.488.630
52.547.824
45.139.929
46.021.320
47.364.675
48.707.283
50.030.169
51.727.495
53.431.151
55.418.554
57.466.852
59.370.541
58.866.168
57.816.986
Total additional annual area of mineral soil subject to change from forest to non-forest in Indonesia.
Year
Annual area of mineral
soil subject to change
from forest to nonforest (Ha)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
40.353
165.052
253.886
253.664
248.994
325.777
331.621
371.192
375.820
328.538
254.790
166.033
NOTE:
Net carbon stock change in mineral soils assumes all areas subject to deforestation are converted to cropland,
including areas deforested before 2001. This is necessary to account for ongoing emissions from disturbed
mineral soil.
Peat fire emissions by fire type
Total annual GHG emissions from peat fires for 2001–2012. Results include CO2 emissions and non-CO2 emissions (CH4)
from the burning of peat presented as CO2-e emissions. Results are broken down by the first fire, second fire, and third
and subsequent fires to occur at a location during the period, to account for different peat fire characteristics. Areas
represent the total annual area of peatland impacted by fire, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS
framework.
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) from peat fire in Indonesia
Year
First Fire
Second Fire
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
34.243
4.758.844
1.222.677
3.374.448
8.336.968
11.199.832
1.807.386
3.929.944
8.807.648
1.001.417
2.720.061
472.066
33.386.938
170.128.158
53.040.613
76.890.372
51.350.170
134.582.701
13.126.957
11.938.125
50.813.591
6.332.691
29.064.041
27.128.957
Total annual area of peat land impacted by fire in Indonesia
Year
Area subject to First Area subject to Second Fire
Fire (Ha)
(Ha)
2001
69
109.569
2002
9.544
558.328
2003
2.452
174.069
2004
6.768
252.339
2005
16.720
168.521
2006
22.462
441.674
2007
3.625
43.080
2008
7.882
39.179
2009
17.664
166.760
2010
2.008
20.783
2011
5.455
95.383
2012
947
89.032
NOTE:
Excludes emissions from biomass burning.
Third and subsequent fire
(tCO2-eq)
5.033.943
8.036.032
16.829.077
17.580.554
36.836.926
7.380.969
8.929.382
33.140.565
7.367.312
25.556.464
29.088.373
Area subject to Third and
subsequent fire (Ha)
45.431
72.525
151.882
158.664
332.452
66.613
80.587
299.092
66.490
230.646
262.522
Total
(tCO2-eq)
33.421.181
179.920.945
62.299.323
97.093.898
77.267.691
182.619.459
22.315.312
24.797.451
92.761.804
14.701.421
57.340.566
56.689.395
Total (Ha)
109.638
613.303
249.046
410.989
343.905
796.588
113.318
127.648
483.517
89.281
331.484
352.500
Peat fire emissions by gas
Total annual GHG emissions from peat fires in Indonesia for 2001–2012. Results are presented
as CO2 emissions and methane (CH4) emissions from the burning of peat, presented as CO2-e.
Areas represent the total annual area of peatland impacted by fire, for the purposes of GHG
accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG Emissions (tCO2-eq) from peat fire in Indonesia
Year
CO2 (tCO2)
CH4 (tCO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
24.837.173
133.709.450
46.298.157
72.155.978
57.422.000
135.714.869
16.583.773
18.428.391
68.936.553
10.925.459
42.613.024
42.129.102
8.584.007
46.211.495
16.001.166
24.937.920
19.845.691
46.904.590
5.731.539
6.369.060
23.825.251
3.775.962
14.727.542
14.560.293
Total annual area of peat land impacted by fire in Indonesia
Year
Area subject to fire (Ha)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
109.638
613.303
249.046
410.989
343.905
796.588
113.318
127.648
483.517
89.281
331.484
352.500
NOTE:
Excludes emissions from biomass burning.
Total (tCO2-eq)
33.421.181
179.920.945
62.299.323
97.093.898
77.267.691
182.619.459
22.315.312
24.797.451
92.761.804
14.701.421
57.340.566
56.689.395
Peat biological oxidation emissions by gas
Total annual GHG emissions from peat biological oxidation on disturbed peatland for the period 2001 to 2012. Results include direct emissions
of CO2, N2O, CH4 and CO2 emissions from dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exported from drained organic soils, all presented as CO2-equivalent.
Areas represent the total additional annual area of peatland subject to biological oxidation, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS
framework.
Net GHG Emissions (tCO2-eq) from peat biological oxidation in Indonesia
Year
Annual Biological
N 2O
CH4
Oxidation (tCO2)
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
244.916.773
246.086.142
247.183.161
249.924.913
253.212.570
256.057.787
257.709.961
259.980.579
263.035.968
264.900.789
267.695.477
269.399.151
10.951.684
10.987.339
11.025.047
11.102.683
11.158.335
11.223.248
11.274.407
11.325.819
11.374.352
11.416.757
11.466.104
11.505.963
16.731.265
16.784.516
16.840.652
16.951.978
17.033.187
17.134.724
17.210.442
17.289.495
17.365.903
17.427.824
17.500.765
17.557.850
Total annual area of additional peat land subject to biological oxidation in Indonesia
Year
Annual area of peat
subject to degradation
(Ha)
2001
85.987
2002
238.235
2003
228.510
2004
284.551
2005
350.129
2006
524.131
2007
262.858
2008
274.848
2009
409.098
2010
202.130
2011
258.214
2012
261.759
NOTE:
These results include ongoing GHG emissions from degraded peat that was disturbed during
previous years, including 1990 – 2000.
DOC
(tCO2-eq)
34.529.175
34.645.276
34.767.581
35.008.088
35.184.233
35.407.811
35.572.568
35.746.013
35.914.484
36.048.814
36.207.482
36.330.772
Total
(tCO2-eq)
307.128.896
308.503.274
309.816.441
312.987.663
316.588.324
319.823.569
321.767.378
324.341.906
327.690.706
329.794.183
332.869.828
334.793.736
Peat biological oxidation emissions by REDD+ activity
Total annual GHG emissions from peat biological oxidation on disturbed peatland for 2001–2012. Results are broken down by REDD+ activity that initiated the peatland
drainage and degradation. Areas represent the total additional annual area of peatland subject to biological oxidation, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS
framework.
Net GHG Emissions (tCO2-eq) from peat biological oxidation, by REDD+ activity in Indonesia
Year
Deforestation
Deforested before 2001
Forest Degradation
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
(tCO2-eq)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
25.117.617
25.280.868
25.480.807
25.625.057
25.813.382
26.241.524
26.358.472
26.538.156
26.738.607
26.482.921
26.389.689
25.869.913
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
90.891.822
44.082.665
45.293.791
46.407.020
49.433.991
52.846.328
55.653.431
57.473.364
59.861.281
63.002.703
65.354.939
68.516.888
70.953.645
Total annual area of additional peat land subject to biological oxidation in Indonesia
Year
Annual area of peat
subject to degradation
(Ha)
2001
85.987
2002
238.235
2003
228.510
2004
284.551
2005
350.129
2006
524.131
2007
262.858
2008
274.848
2009
409.098
2010
202.130
2011
258.214
2012
261.759
NOTE:
These results include ongoing GHG emissions from degraded peat that was disturbed during
previous years, including 1990 – 2000.
Forest Degradation
before 2001
(tCO2-eq)
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
143.533.742
SMF
(tCO2-eq)
3.503.050
3.503.050
3.503.050
3.503.050
3.503.050
3.503.050
3.509.977
3.516.904
3.523.832
3.530.759
3.537.686
3.544.613
Total
(tCO2-eq)
307.128.896
308.503.274
309.816.441
312.987.663
316.588.324
319.823.569
321.767.378
324.341.906
327.690.706
329.794.183
332.869.828
334.793.736