FAKTOR - FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN MALNUTRISI PADA LANSIA DI POSYANDU KAWURI SEJAHTERA PUSKESMAS KEDUNGMUNDU KOTA SEMARANG TAHUN 2016 - UDiNus Repository
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ......................................................................................... i
HALAMAN HAK CIPTA .................................................................................. ii
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN LAPORAN TUGAS AKHIR ................................ iii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................ vi
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN TUGAS AKHIR ................................................... v
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI .............................. vi
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ......................................................................... vii
RIWAYAT HIDUP .......................................................................................... viii
PRAKATA ...................................................................................................... ix
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... xii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xvii
DAFTAR BAGAN ........................................................................................... xix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xx
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1
A. Latar Belakang ..................................................................................... 1
B. Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................ 7
C. Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................. 8
D. Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................ 10
E. Keaslian Penelitian ............................................................................... 11
F. Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ..................................................................... 13
xiv
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................... 14
A. Lansia ................................................................................................... 14
B. Malnutrisi .............................................................................................. 27
C. Penilaian Status Gizi ............................................................................. 30
D. Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Malnutrisi pada Lansia .. 37
E. Posyandu Lansia .................................................................................. 43
F. Kerangka Teori ..................................................................................... 45
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ............................................................. 46
A. Kerangka Konsep ................................................................................. 46
B. Hipotesis Penelitian .............................................................................. 47
C. Jenis Penelitian .................................................................................... 48
D. Variabel Penelitian ................................................................................ 49
E. Definisi Operasional .............................................................................. 50
F. Populasi dan Sampel ............................................................................ 52
G. Pengumpulan Data ............................................................................... 55
H. Instrument Penelitian ............................................................................ 55
I. Pengolahan Data .................................................................................. 56
J. Analisa Data ......................................................................................... 56
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN .......................................................................... 61
A. Gambaran Umum Tempat Penelitian .................................................... 61
B. Karakteristik Responden ....................................................................... 63
C. Hasil Penelitian ..................................................................................... 70
BAB V PEMBAHASAN .................................................................................. 79
A. Gambaran Kejadian Malnutrisi .............................................................. 79
B. Hubungan Antara Umur dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi pada Lansia ......... 80
xv
C. Hubungan Antara Jenis Kelamin dengan Kejadian Manutrisi pada
Lansia ................................................................................................... 81
D. Hubungan Antara Pekerjaan dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi pada
Lansia ................................................................................................... 81
E. Hubungan Antara Pendidikan dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi pada
Lansia ................................................................................................... 82
F. Hubungan Antara Status Perkawinan dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia .......................................................................................... 83
G. Hubungan Antara Riwayat Penyakit dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia .......................................................................................... 84
H. Hubungan Antara Aktifitas Fisik dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi pada
Lansia ................................................................................................... 85
I. Hubungan Antara Perilaku Merokok dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia .......................................................................................... 86
J. Hubungan Antara Asupan Energi dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia .......................................................................................... 88
K. Keterbatasan Penelitian ........................................................................ 89
BAB VI SIMPULAN DAN SARAN .................................................................. 91
A. Simpulan .............................................................................................. 91
B. Saran .................................................................................................... 93
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 95
LAMPIRAN – LAMPIRAN
xvi
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Keaslian Penelitian ........................................................................ 11
Tabel 2.1 Pengelompokkan IMT Berdasarkan Standar WHO ........................ 33
Tabel 2.2 Pengelompokkan IMT Berdasarkan Departemen Kesehatan RI ..... 33
Tabel 3.1 Definisi Operasional ....................................................................... 50
Tabel 3.2 Perhitungan Rasio Prevalensi ........................................................ 58
Tabel 4.1 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Umur ...................................... 63
Tabel 4.2 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ......................... 63
Tabel 4.3 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Pekerjaan ............................... 64
Tabel 4.4 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Pendidikan .............................. 65
Tabel 4.5 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Status Perkawinan .................. 65
Tabel 4.6 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Living Arrangement ................ 66
Tabel 4.7 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Riwayat Penyakit .................... 66
Tabel 4.8 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Aktifitas Fisik .......................... 67
Tabel 4.9 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Perilaku Merokok .................... 68
Tabel 4.10 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Asupan Energi ...................... 68
Tabel 4.11 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Kategori IMT ......................... 69
Tabel 4.12 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Kategori IMT Responden ...... 69
Tabel 4.13 Hubungan Antara Umur dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi pada
Lansia .......................................................................................... 70
xvii
Tabel 4.14 Hubungan Antara Jenis Kelamin dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia ................................................................................. 71
Tabel 4.15 Hubungan Antara Pekerjaan dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi pada
Lansia .......................................................................................... 72
Tabel 4.16 Hubungan Antara Pendidikan dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi pada
Lansia .......................................................................................... 73
Tabel 4.17 Hubungan Antara Status Perkawinan dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia ................................................................................. 74
Tabel 4.18 Hubungan Antara Riwayat Penyakit dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia ................................................................................. 75
Tabel 4.19 Hubungan Antara Aktifitas Fisik dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia ................................................................................. 76
Tabel 4.20 Hubungan Antara Perilaku Merokok dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia ................................................................................. 77
Tabel 4.21 Hubungan Antara Asupan Energi dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia ................................................................................. 78
xviii
DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 2.1 Kerangka Teori ............................................................................. 45
Bagan 3.1 Kerangka Konsep ......................................................................... 46
Bagan 3.2 Struktur dasar studi cross sectional .............................................. 58
xix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1
Instrumen Penelitian
Lampiran 2
Hasil Uji Statistik
Lampiran 3
Surat Perijinan
Lampiran 4
Dokumentasi
xx
HALAMAN JUDUL ......................................................................................... i
HALAMAN HAK CIPTA .................................................................................. ii
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN LAPORAN TUGAS AKHIR ................................ iii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................ vi
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN TUGAS AKHIR ................................................... v
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI .............................. vi
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ......................................................................... vii
RIWAYAT HIDUP .......................................................................................... viii
PRAKATA ...................................................................................................... ix
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... xii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xvii
DAFTAR BAGAN ........................................................................................... xix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xx
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1
A. Latar Belakang ..................................................................................... 1
B. Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................ 7
C. Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................. 8
D. Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................ 10
E. Keaslian Penelitian ............................................................................... 11
F. Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ..................................................................... 13
xiv
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................... 14
A. Lansia ................................................................................................... 14
B. Malnutrisi .............................................................................................. 27
C. Penilaian Status Gizi ............................................................................. 30
D. Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Malnutrisi pada Lansia .. 37
E. Posyandu Lansia .................................................................................. 43
F. Kerangka Teori ..................................................................................... 45
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ............................................................. 46
A. Kerangka Konsep ................................................................................. 46
B. Hipotesis Penelitian .............................................................................. 47
C. Jenis Penelitian .................................................................................... 48
D. Variabel Penelitian ................................................................................ 49
E. Definisi Operasional .............................................................................. 50
F. Populasi dan Sampel ............................................................................ 52
G. Pengumpulan Data ............................................................................... 55
H. Instrument Penelitian ............................................................................ 55
I. Pengolahan Data .................................................................................. 56
J. Analisa Data ......................................................................................... 56
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN .......................................................................... 61
A. Gambaran Umum Tempat Penelitian .................................................... 61
B. Karakteristik Responden ....................................................................... 63
C. Hasil Penelitian ..................................................................................... 70
BAB V PEMBAHASAN .................................................................................. 79
A. Gambaran Kejadian Malnutrisi .............................................................. 79
B. Hubungan Antara Umur dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi pada Lansia ......... 80
xv
C. Hubungan Antara Jenis Kelamin dengan Kejadian Manutrisi pada
Lansia ................................................................................................... 81
D. Hubungan Antara Pekerjaan dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi pada
Lansia ................................................................................................... 81
E. Hubungan Antara Pendidikan dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi pada
Lansia ................................................................................................... 82
F. Hubungan Antara Status Perkawinan dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia .......................................................................................... 83
G. Hubungan Antara Riwayat Penyakit dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia .......................................................................................... 84
H. Hubungan Antara Aktifitas Fisik dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi pada
Lansia ................................................................................................... 85
I. Hubungan Antara Perilaku Merokok dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia .......................................................................................... 86
J. Hubungan Antara Asupan Energi dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia .......................................................................................... 88
K. Keterbatasan Penelitian ........................................................................ 89
BAB VI SIMPULAN DAN SARAN .................................................................. 91
A. Simpulan .............................................................................................. 91
B. Saran .................................................................................................... 93
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 95
LAMPIRAN – LAMPIRAN
xvi
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Keaslian Penelitian ........................................................................ 11
Tabel 2.1 Pengelompokkan IMT Berdasarkan Standar WHO ........................ 33
Tabel 2.2 Pengelompokkan IMT Berdasarkan Departemen Kesehatan RI ..... 33
Tabel 3.1 Definisi Operasional ....................................................................... 50
Tabel 3.2 Perhitungan Rasio Prevalensi ........................................................ 58
Tabel 4.1 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Umur ...................................... 63
Tabel 4.2 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ......................... 63
Tabel 4.3 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Pekerjaan ............................... 64
Tabel 4.4 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Pendidikan .............................. 65
Tabel 4.5 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Status Perkawinan .................. 65
Tabel 4.6 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Living Arrangement ................ 66
Tabel 4.7 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Riwayat Penyakit .................... 66
Tabel 4.8 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Aktifitas Fisik .......................... 67
Tabel 4.9 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Perilaku Merokok .................... 68
Tabel 4.10 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Asupan Energi ...................... 68
Tabel 4.11 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Kategori IMT ......................... 69
Tabel 4.12 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Kategori IMT Responden ...... 69
Tabel 4.13 Hubungan Antara Umur dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi pada
Lansia .......................................................................................... 70
xvii
Tabel 4.14 Hubungan Antara Jenis Kelamin dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia ................................................................................. 71
Tabel 4.15 Hubungan Antara Pekerjaan dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi pada
Lansia .......................................................................................... 72
Tabel 4.16 Hubungan Antara Pendidikan dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi pada
Lansia .......................................................................................... 73
Tabel 4.17 Hubungan Antara Status Perkawinan dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia ................................................................................. 74
Tabel 4.18 Hubungan Antara Riwayat Penyakit dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia ................................................................................. 75
Tabel 4.19 Hubungan Antara Aktifitas Fisik dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia ................................................................................. 76
Tabel 4.20 Hubungan Antara Perilaku Merokok dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia ................................................................................. 77
Tabel 4.21 Hubungan Antara Asupan Energi dengan Kejadian Malnutrisi
pada Lansia ................................................................................. 78
xviii
DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 2.1 Kerangka Teori ............................................................................. 45
Bagan 3.1 Kerangka Konsep ......................................................................... 46
Bagan 3.2 Struktur dasar studi cross sectional .............................................. 58
xix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1
Instrumen Penelitian
Lampiran 2
Hasil Uji Statistik
Lampiran 3
Surat Perijinan
Lampiran 4
Dokumentasi
xx