00074918.2012.694152
Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies
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Introduction
Hal Hill & Budy P. Resosudarmo
To cite this article: Hal Hill & Budy P. Resosudarmo (2012) Introduction, Bulletin of Indonesian
Economic Studies, 48:2, 129-142, DOI: 10.1080/00074918.2012.694152
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Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Vol. 48, No. 2, 2012: 129–42
Special Issue in Honour of
Chris Manning and Ross McLeod
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INTRODUCTION
Hal Hill and Budy P. Resosudarmo
Australian National University
This special issue of the Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies (BIES) recognises
Chris Manning and Ross McLeod for their scholarship, their role as public intellectuals, their mentoring of students, their collegiality and their institution building, all with special reference to Indonesia over a period of more than four decades
both in Canberra and in various parts of Indonesia.
While their personalities and backgrounds differ – more on this below – they
share much in common. They were part of a post-war generation of Australians
who were pioneers in their curiosity about, and their desire to engage with, an
exciting and rapidly evolving era of Southeast Asian nation building. Both sought
to immerse themselves deeply in the region – mainly Indonesia, but with a strong
interest in its neighbourhood. Both were motivated by a concern for the state of
human well-being, observing deprivation and poverty on a scale far more serious
than in their country of birth, and then trying to understand the socio-economic,
historical and political origins. Both began serious research on Indonesia
equipped with strong analytical foundations but also with an open curiosity. Both
carried this interest forward with path-breaking research on Indonesia – Chris on
wages and labour markets, Ross on small business inance – while at the Australian National University (ANU) in the 1970s. Both continued to work in and on
Indonesia for the next three decades, at the ANU’s Arndt–Corden Department
of Economics and elsewhere. Both were highly collegial individuals, supportive
of academic colleagues and graduate students in Australia, Indonesia and elsewhere, and eager to facilitate constructive dialogues on Indonesian development
issues and challenges. For the past 13 years or so, both have been central igures
in the development of the ANU’s work on the Indonesian economy, and of the
university’s Indonesia Project.
So much for the similarities. The differences also deserve mention. Ross came
from provincial Victoria, studied to be an engineer, worked briely as one and
then ‘saw the light’ as he sometimes said, and switched to economics. He stumbled upon Indonesia almost by accident during his irst major travels abroad – on
a Singapore-bound boat that ran aground near Tanjung Priok! As a result of that
ISSN 0007-4918 print/ISSN 1472-7234 online/12/020129-14
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2012.694152
© 2012 Indonesia Project ANU
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Hal Hill and Budy P. Resosudarmo
chance encounter, he quickly became fascinated with the country. By contrast,
Chris, who grew up in rural New South Wales and attended boarding school in
Sydney, enrolled in what was quaintly called ‘Oriental Studies’ at the ANU, where
he studied Indonesian language and culture as well as economics. Wanting irsthand experience of Indonesia, he worked as a volunteer graduate at the Bogor
Agricultural Institute (Institut Pertanian Bogor) for two years. On his return to
Australia, he took a master’s degree at Monash University, attracted by its vibrant
Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, and acting speciically on the advice of Jamie
Mackie, the centre’s director at the time, and also a distant relative of Chris’s.
He then spent a further two years in Indonesia, this time at the Population Studies Centre, Gadjah Mada University. This cemented his close personal and professional association with its legendary director, the late Dr Masri Singarimbun;
whom Chris had earlier worked for as a research assistant in Canberra.
When irst Chris and then Ross embarked on doctoral dissertation research at
the ANU in the mid-1970s, their research careers overlapped for the irst time.
Under the leadership of Heinz Arndt, the ANU was then into its second decade
of serious work on the Indonesian economy. The program was already attracting
economists who were to become leading international igures in the ield, among
them Anne Booth, Howard Dick, Stephen Grenville and Peter McCawley. Chris
had already spent some time in Heinz Arndt’s department as a research assistant,
alongside another research assistant – Boediono – who was destined to become
Indonesia’s vice president.
Although they had different supervisors and were in different departments –
Chris in the research school, Ross in the ‘faculties’ (the teaching department) –
they both undertook extensive ieldwork in Java for about 12 months. Travel to
Indonesia to conduct ieldwork was a feature of ANU work on the Indonesian
economy at the time, partly because the secondary database was very weak and
partly because of the methodological inclinations of the key senior researchers.
Thus, Chris interviewed the owners of many textile and cigarette irms in West,
Central and East Java to ind out why inter-irm wage differences were so large,
while Ross sought to understand how inance for small business enterprises operated, mainly in the region of Yogyakarta.
Viewed from a contemporary research perspective, this was a highly unusual
approach to economic research. Both spent many months interviewing the owners
of irms, other economic actors, local researchers and government oficials. Chris
had a head start in this painstaking research, with his major in Bahasa Indonesia
and his two years in Bogor. But Ross began to catch up quickly, with his linguistic proiciency and local ield knowledge. This sort of research could have been
regarded as quasi-anthropological, and in fact their methodologies had some elements in common with this discipline. But, while eclectic and inter-disciplinary
in their approaches, both Chris and Ross remained grounded in economics. Their
dissertations were examined, and commended, by major international igures in
the discipline. In their post-doctoral work, they continued to engage with both
the economics profession and the Asian studies community as their intellectual
anchors.
From the early 1980s, their careers followed at times similar and at times
divergent paths. Both lived and worked for extended periods in Indonesia. Ross
worked as a small business inance adviser to Bank Indonesia in Semarang and
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Introduction
131
later as a specialist educator attached to the Ministry of Finance in Jakarta. Chris
worked as a researcher in Bogor and Yogyakarta. The Yogyakarta connection of
both, centred on Gadjah Mada University, has continued to be an important part
of their lives. The university supported their work, in a practical and intellectual
sense, and they both conducted ield research in and around the city. Immediately
upon completion of his PhD, Chris again worked for Gadjah Mada’s Population
Studies Centre, and the city now appears likely to be his home for ‘retirement’.
Both returned to Australia in the mid-1980s. For some years, Chris worked at
the Population Studies Centre at Flinders University in Adelaide. Ross taught
economics for a period at the ANU, and maintained a Canberra base for his frequent travels to Indonesia, where he worked as a consultant to the Department
of Finance through the Jakarta ofice of the Harvard Institute for International
Development. Then, in the early 1990s, two vacancies for work on the Indonesian
economy arose at the ANU. Both Chris and Ross were interested in these positions, and both were clearly the outstanding applicants. They returned to the
university, and proceeded to reinvigorate its work on Indonesia and economic
development for the next two decades. With greater freedom for research, and a
stimulating, supportive academic environment, they entered arguably their most
intellectually productive periods.
The major academic publications of each are listed below. Ross returned to some
of his earlier work on inance and development, including the important 1994
Indonesia Update volume on this subject. He then began to extend his research
interests in various directions. When the Asian inancial crisis hit Indonesia, and
some of its neighbours, with unexpected ferocity, with Ross Garnaut he organised
perhaps the irst serious academic conference and book project on this subject.
His interest in inancial development broadened into the ield of macroeconomic
management, in the process crossing the border from micro to macroeconomics.
In 1997, in what quickly became a widely cited paper, he sought to explain Indonesia’s ‘chronic inlation’ – that is, why the country had dificulty matching the
low inlation record of its neighbours, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. A major
research interest in the wake of the Soeharto era was governance and corruption.
In a paper published in 2000, he developed the thesis that the Soeharto regime
constituted a ‘better class of corruption’. Critics of the ANU’s work on the Indonesian economy interpreted this as a sophisticated defence of that regime. But
on the contrary, Ross was simply trying to explain – convincingly in retrospect
– why and how the 32-year Soeharto rule achieved historically high rates of both
economic growth and poverty reduction, alongside egregious corruption. From
the mid-1980s, this corruption was heavily concentrated on the presidential family, a phenomenon Ross aptly termed the ‘Soeharto franchise’. Ross extended this
research to the related area of civil service reform, writing an important paper on
the subject for the BIES in 2005, and co-editing (with Andrew MacIntyre) an Indonesia Update volume on governance in 2007.
Chris similarly maintained a deep interest in his original ield of research before
branching out into related topics. In 1993, shortly after returning to the ANU, he
too edited an Update volume – almost a condition of entry to the Indonesia Project! He then continued to work on the Indonesian labour market, drawing on
his earlier dissertation research and close familiarity with Indonesian development dynamics in its various manifestations – demographic, rural, regional and
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132
Hal Hill and Budy P. Resosudarmo
industrial – on all of which he had already written major papers and monographs.
The new dimension at this time was that Indonesia was becoming increasingly
‘East Asian’, in the sense that rapid export-oriented industrialisation, combined
with rising education and more open export markets, was now transforming Indonesian, and particularly Javanese, labour markets. Helped by a much
improved secondary database, Chris was able to document these changes convincingly and in great detail, resulting in several signiicant papers and a seminal volume, Indonesian Labour in Transition, published by Cambridge University
Press in 1998. While maintaining his interest in labour and poverty, Chris began to
look beyond Indonesia to the broader region. He co-authored two major volumes
on international labour migration in the Asia–Paciic: one with Prema-chandra
Athukorala in 1999 and the other with Prema-chandra Athukorala and Piyasiri
Wickramasekara in 2000. He also wrote papers on various labour-related issues in
Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam, and Southeast Asia more broadly.
Our two friends’ personal dispositions may appear to differ somewhat: a
heroic characterisation might be – and frequently is! – that Chris is the quintessential under-stated ‘Javanese’, often cautious in his judgments and conclusions,
while Ross is more ‘Batak’-like in his direct personality and forceful pronouncements. But in other respects they have much in common. They both focus on
what has been happening to the rakyat, the vulnerable bottom 40% or so of the
community, and they have a profound distaste for the arrogance of the politically
well-connected rich. They both follow developments in Indonesia very closely,
through an unparalleled circle of close friends, through the media and through
frequent ield trips. They regularly monitor the country’s political economy, they
examine the secondary database, and they follow the latest research. They reach
out comfortably across disciplinary boundaries, and are eclectic in their resort to
both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies.
The Indonesia Project entered a new phase in 1998, when Chris became Head of
the Project and Ross was appointed Editor of the BIES. For the next 12 years, they
carved out a highly complementary and congenial working relationship. Under
their leadership the work of the Indonesia Project lourished, as did its Indonesia
research more generally. Ross rigorously edited the BIES with assiduous attention
to detail, down to the last footnote, in the process elevating its standing in international journal rankings to among the very highest among journals of its type.
He also steered the BIES into the complex new world of electronic journal editing
and publishing. Chris headed the grand Indonesia Project enterprise, reaching
out effectively to its highly diverse constituencies, across disciplinary boundaries,
geographical borders and ideological perspectives. The annual Indonesia Update
conference and accompanying volume, which had commenced in 1983 and 1989
respectively, were taken to new heights in terms of audience, scholarly quality
and recognition. The regular Indonesia Study Group seminar series was invigorated. Several new collaborative research and policy activities were initiated.
Graduate student work on the Indonesian economy rose sharply. Taken together,
it is hard to think of a more inluential and sustained collaborative effort in Indonesian studies in recent times.
Switching from the professional to the personal, there is another important similarity – namely that their cultural immersion in Indonesia has extended beyond
the purely academic. For more than 30 years, Chris’s wife Tri and Ross’s wife
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Introduction
133
Prapti have shaped their lives and outlooks, and their understanding of Indonesia. In important respects Tri and Prapti have been silent ‘co-authors’ in their
thinking and writing on Indonesia, not to mention anchors of their vast and disparate social networks in Canberra and Indonesia.
This special issue of the BIES consists of essays by some of the closest colleagues
and friends of Chris and Ross, in their honour. It also contains a tribute to Widjojo
Nitisastro, an icon of Indonesian economic policy making. The issue is a small
token of appreciation from the broader community of scholars and friends who
have been enriched by their friendship and scholarship. This is of course not the
end of their stories – they are, fortunately, alive and well, with various interesting and important activities under way. We would not be at all surprised if more
seminal papers and books appeared under their names. But this seems like an
appropriate juncture to pause, and to relect on and celebrate their achievements.
To Chris and Ross we say ‘Terima kasih banyak, Bapak Bapak’, and to our readers
we say ‘Selamat membaca’.
134
Hal Hill and Budy P. Resosudarmo
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS BY CHRIS MANNING
Books
2011
2010
2002
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2000
2000
1999
1998
1993
1984
1984
1984
1974
(ed.) Employment, Living Standards and Poverty in Contemporary Indonesia, Indonesia
Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore (with S. Sumarto).
(ed.) The Great Migration: Rural–Urban Migration in China and Indonesia, Edward
Elgar, Cheltenham (with X. Meng).
(ed.) Ekonomi Indonesia di Era Politik Baru: 80 Tahun Mohamad Sadli [The Indonesian
Economy in the New Political Era: Mohamad Sadli at 80], Penerbit Buku Kompas,
Jakarta (with M. Ikhsan and H. Soesastro).
Growth, Employment and Migration in Southeast Asia: Structural Change in the Greater
Mekong Countries, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham (with P. Athukorala and P. Wickramasekara).
(ed.) Indonesia in Transition: Social Aspects of Reformasi and Crisis, Indonesia Update
Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore (with P. van Diermen). (Published in Indonesian as Indonesia di Tengah Transisi: Aspek-Aspek Sosial Reformasi dan
Krisis, LKiS, Yogyakarta, 2000.)
Adjusting to Labour Scarcity: Structural Change and International Labour Migration in
East Asia, Oxford University Press, Melbourne (with P. Athukorala).
Indonesian Labour in Transition: An East Asian Success Story?, Trade and Development Series, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
(ed.) Labour: Sharing in the Beneits of Growth?, Indonesia Update Series, Australian
National University, Canberra (with J. Hardjono).
(ed.) Analisa Ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia Berdasarkan Data Sensus Penduduk 1971–
1980 [Analysis of the Indonesian Labour Force Based on Census Data for 1971–1980], Biro
Pusat Statistik, Jakarta (with M. Papayungan).
(ed.) Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja, Pengangguran dan Kesempatan Kerja [Labour Force Participation, Unemployment and Employment], Rajawali Press, Jakarta (with Z. Bakir).
(ed.) Urbanisasi, Pengangguran dan Sektor Informal [Urbanisation, Unemployment and
the Informal Sector], Gramedia, Jakarta (with T.N. Effendi).
Irian Jaya: The Transformation of a Melanesian Economy, ANU Press, Canberra (with
R. Garnaut). (Published in Indonesian with minor revisions as Perubahan Sosial
Ekonomi di Irian Jaya [The Social and Economic Transformation of Irian Jaya], Gramedia,
Jakarta, 1979.)
Monographs
2005
2004
2003
1989
1988
1984
Movement of Workers in ASEAN: Healthcare and IT Sectors, Final Report, REPSF Project No. 04/007, ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta, June (with A. Sidorenko).
Liberalizing and Facilitating the Movement of Individual Service Providers under AFAS:
Implications for Labour and Immigration Policies and Procedures in ASEAN, Final Report,
REPSF Project No. 02/004, ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta, March (with P. Bhatnagar).
Labor Policy and Employment Creation: An Emerging Crisis?, Report No. 110, Partnership for Economic Growth–USAID, Jakarta, June.
Economic Development, Migrant Labour and Indigenous Welfare in Irian Jaya 1970–84,
Paciic Research Monograph No. 20, Australian National University, Canberra
(with M. Rumbiak).
The Green Revolution, Employment and Economic Change in Rural Java: A Reassessment
of Trends under the New Order, Occasional Paper No. 84, Institute of Southeast Asian
Studies, Singapore.
Landownership, Tenancy and Sources of Household Income: Community Patterns from a
Partial Recensus of Eight Villages in Rural Java, Agro-Economic Survey, Bogor (with
G. Wiradi).
Introduction
1982
1974
Tubektomi Orang Desa [Tubectomy of Villagers], Liberty Press, Yogyakarta (with
M. Singarimbun, G. Samekto and B. Soediyanto).
Fertility and Family Planning in Mojolama, Institute of Population Studies, Gadjah
Mada University, Yogyakarta (with M. Singarimbun).
Refereed journal articles
2010
2009
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2008
2007
2007
2006
2006
2005
2005
2002
2002
2000
2000
1999
1999
1999
1998
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
135
‘Vietnam: globalization and labour markets in boom and crisis’, ASEAN Economic
Bulletin 27 (1): 136–57.
‘Relections on political reform in Indonesia’, Indonesian Quarterly 37 (4): 296–315
(with H. Hill).
‘Minimum wages and poverty in a developing country: simulations from Indonesia’s household survey’, World Development 36 (5): 916–33 (with K. Bird).
‘The Manpower Law of 2003 and its implementing regulations: genesis, key articles and potential impact’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 43 (1): 39–86 (with
K. Roesad).
‘The regulation of professional migration: insights from the health and IT sectors in
ASEAN’, World Economy 30 (7): 1,084–113 (with A. Sidorenko).
‘Labour market dimensions of poverty in Indonesia’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic
Studies 42 (2): 235–61 (with A. Alisjahbana).
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 42 (2): 143–
70 (with K. Roesad).
‘Legislating for labour protection: betting on the weak or the strong?’, Economics and
Finance in Indonesia 53 (1): 33–59.
‘Regional arrangements for mode 4 in services trade: lessons from the ASEAN experience’, World Trade Review 4 (2): 171–99 (with P. Bhatnagar).
‘International labor migration in East Asia during the Asian crisis’, World Economy
25 (3): 359–85.
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 38 (3): 277–
306 (with A. Alisjahbana).
‘Indonesian labour markets: adjusting to the crisis and slow recovery’, Indian Journal of Labour Economics 43 (3): 545–64.
‘Labour market adjustment to Indonesia’s economic crisis: context, trends and
implications’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 36 (1): 103–36.
‘Labour markets in the ASEAN-4 and the NIEs’, Asia-Paciic Economic Journal 13 (1):
50–68.
‘Poverty decline and labour market change in Indonesia: lessons from the Soeharto
era’, Indonesian Quarterly 27 (2): 122–45.
‘RI–Australia ties: what went wrong?’, Indonesian Quarterly 27 (4): 1–9 (with H. Hill).
‘Choosy youth or unwanted youth: a survey of unemployment’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 34 (1): 55–93 (with P.N. Junankar).
‘Does globalisation undermine labour standards? Lessons from East Asia’, Australian Journal of International Affairs 52 (2): 133–47.
‘A new era of labour market regulation in East Asia? The case of Indonesia’, Asian
Economic Journal 11 (1): 111–29.
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 32 (2): 1–43
(with S. Jayasuriya).
‘Approaching the turning point? Labour market change under Indonesia’s New
Order’, Developing Economies 33 (1): 52–81.
‘What has happened to wages in the New Order?’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic
Studies 30 (3): 73–114.
‘Structural change and industrial relations during the Soeharto period: an approaching crisis?’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 29 (2): 59–95.
136
1992
1990
1988
1988
1987
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1987
1980
1976
1976
1974
1973
1972
1971
Hal Hill and Budy P. Resosudarmo
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 28 (1): 3–38.
‘Labour market trends and structures in ASEAN and the East Asian NIEs’, AsiaPaciic Economic Literature 4 (2): 59–83 (with E.F. Pang).
‘Rural employment creation in Java: lessons from the Green Revolution and oil
boom’, Population and Development Review 14 (1): 47–80.
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 24 (2): 3–41
(with S. Jayasuriya).
‘Public policy, rice production and income distribution: a review of Indonesia’s rice
self-suficiency program’, Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science 15 (1): 66–81.
‘Rural economic change and labour mobility: a case study from West Java’, Bulletin
of Indonesian Economic Studies 23 (3): 52–79.
‘Fringe beneits in manufacturing: eficiency or welfare?’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 16 (2): 54–82.
‘Breast feeding, amenorrhea, and abstinence in a Javanese village: a case study of
Mojolama’, Studies in Family Planning 7 (6): 175–9 (with M. Singarimbun).
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 12 (3): 1–49
(with P. McCawley).
‘Marriage and divorce in Mojolama’, Indonesia 17: 67–82 (with M. Singarimbun).
‘An economic survey of West Irian: Part II’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies
9 (1): 30–64 (with R. Garnaut).
‘An economic survey of West Irian: Part I’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies
8 (3): 35–65 (with R. Garnaut).
’The timber boom with special reference to East Kalimantan’, Bulletin of Indonesian
Economic Studies 7 (3): 30–60.
Other journal articles
2002
2000
2000
1996
1988
1980
1977
1974
1974
‘Lessons from labor adjustment to the East Asian crisis: the case of South Korea,
Thailand and Indonesia’, East Asian Economic Perspectives 13 (1): 62–96.
‘Australian–Indonesian relations’, Gaiko Forum 139 (March): 50–59 (in Japanese).
‘Structural adjustment and labour migration in Malaysia and Thailand’, East Asian
Economic Perspectives 11 (1): 1–19 (with P. Athukorala).
‘Masalah upah di Jawa: dari Sriharjo tahun 1960-an ke Tangerang tahun 1990-an
[Wage issues in Java: from Sriharjo in the 1960s to Tangerang in the 1990s]’, Populasi
7 (1): 1–11.
‘Penyerapan tenaga kerja di pedesaan Jawa [Labour absorption in rural Java]’,
Prisma 17 (1): 30–41.
‘Segmentasi pasar tenaga kerja di sektor industri di Jawa: beberapa implikasi dari
studi kasus industri tenun dan rokok [Labour market segmentation in Java’s manufacturing: implications from case studies in the weaving and cigarette industries]’,
Prisma 9 (11): 85–92.
‘Ketimpangan upah buruh, penelitian pada industri tenun dan rokok kretek [Wage
disparities among industrial workers in the kretek and textile industries]’, Prisma
6 (3): 18–32.
‘Beberapa catatan tentang pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek keluarga berencana di
Mojolama dan Kedung Miri [Some notes on knowledge, attitudes and the practice
of family planning in Mojolama and Kedung Miri]’, Demograi Indonesia 1 (2): 70–88
(with M. Singarimbun).
‘Keluarga berencana, motivasi dan pola sosial-ekonomi: kasus Mojolama [Family planning, motivations and socio-economic dimensions: the case of Mojolama],
Prisma 3 (2): 31–43 (with M. Singarimbun).
Introduction
Chapters in books
2011
2010
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2010
2010
2009
2009
2009
2007
2006
2006
2004
2003
2003
2002
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‘Employment, living standards and poverty: trends, policies and interactions’, in
Employment, Living Standards and Poverty in Contemporary Indonesia, eds C. Manning
and S. Sumarto, Indonesia Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 1–22 (with S. Sumarto).
‘Making it in the city: recent and long-term migrants in the urban labour market
in Indonesia’, in The Great Migration: Rural–Urban Migration in China and Indonesia,
eds X. Meng and C. Manning, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham: 194–221 (with A. Alisjahbana).
‘Manufacturing growth, trade and labour market outcomes in East Asia: why have
the Southeast Asian cubs lagged behind the tigers?’, in The Rise of Asia: Trade and
Investment in Global Perspective, ed. P. Athukorala, Routledge, London and New
York: 292–308 (with A. Posso).
‘The great migration: rural–urban migration in China and Indonesia: trends and
institutions’, in The Great Migration: Rural–Urban Migration in China and Indonesia,
eds X. Meng and C. Manning, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham: 1–19 (with X. Meng).
‘Papua I: challenges of economic development in an era of political and economic
change’, in Working with Nature against Poverty: Development, Resources and the Environment in Eastern Indonesia, eds B.P. Resosudarmo and F. Jotzo, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 21–58 (with B.P. Resosudarmo, L. Napitupulu and
V. Wanggai).
‘Papua II: challenges for public administration and economic policy under special
autonomy’, in Working with Nature against Poverty: Development, Resources and the
Environment in Eastern Indonesia, eds B.P. Resosudarmo and F. Jotzo, Institute of
Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 59–73 (with B.P. Resosudarmo and L. Napitupulu).
‘Trends and constraints associated with labour faced by non-farm enterprises’, in
The Rural Investment Climate in Indonesia, ed. N. McCulloch, Institute of Southeast
Asian Studies, Singapore: 50–85 (with A. Alisjahbana).
‘Regional labor markets and economic development in the Philippines’, in The
Dynamics of Regional Development: The Philippines in East Asia, eds A. Balisacan and
H. Hill, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham: 244–73 (with E.F. Esguerra).
‘Coping with cross-border labour lows in Southeast Asia’, in Mobility, Labour
Migration and Border Controls in Asia, eds A. Kaur and I. Messner, Macmillan, London: 52–72 (with P. Bhatnagar).
‘Potential winners and losers from labour regulation in the formal sector: the case of
Indonesia’, in Labour Market Regulation and Deregulation in Asia: Experiences in Recent
Decades, eds C. Brassard and S. Acharya, Academic Foundation, New Delhi: 111–37.
‘Labour regulation and the business environment: time to take stock’, in Business
in Indonesia: New Challenges, Old Problems, eds P. van der Eng and M.C. Basri, Indonesia Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 234–50.
‘Economic reform, labour markets and poverty: the Indonesian experience’, in Trade
Policy, Growth and Poverty in Asian Developing Countries, ed. K. Sharma, Routledge,
London and New York: 74–94 (with K. Bird).
‘Globalization, economic crisis and labor market policy: lessons from East Asia’, in
The Impact of Trade on Labor: Issues, Perspectives and Experience from Developing Asia,
eds R. Hasan and D. Mitra, North Holland, Amsterdam: 159–285.
‘Harmonizing labor policies and employment goals’, in Ekonomi Indonesia di Era
Politik Baru: 80 Tahun Mohamad Sadli [The Indonesian Economy in the New Political Era:
Mohamad Sadli at 80], eds M. Ikhsan, C. Manning and H. Soesastro, Penerbit Buku
Kompas, Jakarta: 233–44.
138
2001
2000
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1999
1998
1996
1996
1994
1993
1993
1992
1990
1988
1985
1984
Hal Hill and Budy P. Resosudarmo
‘The economics of employment protection and unemployment insurance schemes:
policy options for Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand’, in East Asian
Labor Markets and Economic Crisis, eds G. Betcherman and R. Islam, World Bank
and International Labour Organization, Washington DC: 345–78 (with A. CoxEdwards).
‘Recent developments and social aspects of reformasi and crisis: an overview’, in
Indonesia in Transition: Social Aspects of Reformasi and Crisis, eds C. Manning and
P. van Diermen, Indonesia Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 1–11 (with P. van Diermen).
‘The Korean labour market in boom, crisis and recovery’, in Looking Forward: Korea
after the Economic Crisis, ed. H. Smith, Asia Paciic Press, Canberra: 163–84.
‘Labour market institutions: the case of Indonesia’, in Institutions and Change in
Southeast Asia, ed. C. Barlow, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham: 43–55.
‘Technology and human resources: are supply-side constraints holding Indonesia
back?’, in Indonesia’s Technological Challenge, eds H. Hill and Thee K.W., Indonesia
Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 199–218.
‘Labour markets and human resources in developing East Asia’, in Asia-Paciic Economic Cooperation: Theory and Practice, eds R.W Hooley, A. Nasution, M. Pangestu
and M. Dutta, JAI Press, Greenwich CT: 189–204.
‘Labour standards and economic development: the Indonesian case’, in Labour
Standards and Economic Development, ed. J.E. Lee, Chung-Hua Institute for Economic
Research, Taipei: 249–73.
‘Rural development and non-farm employment in Java’, in Development or Deterioration: Work in Rural Asia, eds B. Koppel, J. Hawkins and W. James, Lynne Rienner,
Boulder CO: 211–48 (with T.N. Effendi).
‘Balancing both sides of the ledger: wages and employment in Indonesia under Soeharto’, in Labour: Sharing in the Beneits of Growth?, eds C. Manning and J. Hardjono,
Indonesia Update Series, Australian National University, Canberra: 61–87.
‘Rural problems and urban opportunities’, in Development and Social Welfare: Indonesia’s Experiences under the New Order, eds J.-P. Dirkse, F. Husken and M. Rutten,
KITLV Press, The Hague: 87–94.
‘Labour force and employment during the 1990s’, in The Oil Boom and After: Indonesian Economic Policy and Performance in the Soeharto Era, ed. A. Booth, Oxford University Press, Singapore: 383–418 (with G. Jones).
‘Macro-economic strategy, stability and income distribution: a global assessment
of trends under the New Order’, in Indonesian Economic Development: Approaches,
Technology, Small-scale Textiles, Urban Infrastructure and NGOs, ed. R.C. Rice, Centre
of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, Melbourne: 1–14.
‘Economic development and poverty in capitalist Asia: recent trends, issues and
future prospects’, in Rethinking Development Issues: Opportunities and Constraints in
the 1980s, eds J. Browett, C. Gertzel and R. Leaver, Conference Paper Series No. 5,
Centre for Development Studies, Flinders University, Adelaide: 95–124.
‘A food production success story: the case of rice self-suficiency in Indonesia’, in
Food for the World? Constraints to Agricultural Development in the Third World, eds
R. Knight et al., Conference Paper Series No. 3, Centre for Development Studies,
Flinders University, Adelaide: 1–19.
‘Angkatan kerja dan kesempatan kerja di Indonesia dewasa ini [Current trends in
labour force and employment in Indonesia]’, in Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja, Pengangguran dan Kesempatan Kerja [Labour Force Participation, Unemployment and Employment], eds Z. Bakir and C. Manning, Rajawali Press, Jakarta: 1–28.
Introduction
1981
1978
139
’Dualism in labour markets and labour market segmentation in Indonesian manufacturing’, in Dualism, Growth and Poverty, eds R. Garnaut and P. McCawley, ANU
Press, Canberra: 307–19.
‘Pockets of privilege amidst mass poverty: wages and working conditions in Indonesian industry’, in The Life of the Poor in Indonesian Cities, eds L. Jellinek, C. Manning
and G. Jones, Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, Melbourne:
17–32.
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SELECTED PUBLICATIONS BY ROSS H. McLEOD
Books
2007
1998
1994
1991
(ed.) Indonesia: Democracy and the Promise of Good Governance, Indonesia Update
Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore (with A. MacIntyre).
(ed.) East Asia in Crisis: From Being a Miracle to Needing One?, Routledge, London
and New York (with R. Garnaut).
(ed.) Finance as a Key Sector in Indonesia’s Development, Indonesia Update Series,
Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore.
(ed.) Cases on Financial Policy and Banking Deregulation in Indonesia, Gadjah Mada
University Press, Yogyakarta (with D.C. Cole).
Journal articles
2011
2010
2010
2010
2009
2008
2008
2006
2006
2005
2005
2004
2003
2002
2002
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 47 (1): 7–34.
‘Civil society organisations’ contribution to the anti-corruption movement in Indonesia’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 46 (3): 347–70 (with Budi Setiyono).
‘How US economists got it so wrong’, Agenda: A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform
17 (1): 77–81.
‘Indonesia’s stock market: evolving role, growing eficiency’, Bulletin of Indonesian
Economic Studies 46 (3): 329–46 (with J.J. Kung and A.P. Carverhill).
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 45 (2):
151–76 (with M. Kuncoro and T. Widodo).
‘Inadequate budgets and salaries as instruments for institutionalising public sector
corruption’, South East Asian Research 16 (2): 199–223.
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 44 (2):
183–208.
‘Indonesia’s new Deposit Guarantee Law’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies
42 (1): 59–78.
‘Private sector lessons for public sector reform in Indonesia’, Agenda: A Journal of
Policy Analysis and Reform 13 (3): 275–88.
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 41 (2):
133–57.
‘The struggle to regain effective government under democracy in Indonesia’,
Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 41 (3): 367–86.
‘Dealing with bank system failure: Indonesia, 1997–2003’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 40 (1): 95–116.
‘Towards improved monetary policy in Indonesia’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic
Studies 39 (3): 303–24.
‘Banking collapse and restructuring in Indonesia, 1997–2001’, Cato Journal 22 (2):
277–95 (with G. Fane).
‘Second and third thoughts on privatisation in Indonesia’, Agenda: A Journal of Policy
Analysis and Reform 9 (2): 151–64.
140
2000
2000
2000
1999
1999
1999
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1998
1997
1997
1997
1997
1997
1996
1996
1996
1995
1994
1993
1993
1992
1991
1983
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Hal Hill and Budy P. Resosudarmo
‘Soeharto’s Indonesia: a better class of corruption’, Agenda: A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform 7 (2): 99–112.
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 36 (2): 5–40.
‘Which currency for East Timor?’, Paciic Economic Bulletin 15 (1): 113–18.
‘Control and competition: banking deregulation and re-regulation in Indonesia’,
Journal of the Asia Paciic Economy 4 (2): 258–97.
‘Crisis-driven changes to the banking laws and regulations’, Bulletin of Indonesian
Economic Studies 35 (2): 147–54.
‘Lessons for monetary and banking policies from the 1997–98 economic crises in
Indonesia and Thailand’, Journal of Asian Economics 10 (3): 395–413 (with G. Fane).
‘From crisis to cataclysm? The mismanagement of Indonesia’s economic ailments’,
World Economy 21 (7): 913–30.
‘Explaining chronic inlation in Indonesia’, Journal of Development Studies 33 (3):
392–410.
‘Policy conlicts in Indonesia: the impact of the current account deicit target on
growth, equity and stability’, ASEAN Economic Bulletin 14 (1): 32–45.
‘Postscript to the survey of recent developments: on causes and cures for the rupiah
crisis’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 33 (3): 35–52.
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 33 (1): 3–43.
‘Treating Australia’s health insurance system: palliatives or radical surgery?’,
Agenda: A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform 4 (1): 3–14.
‘Indonesia’s economic performance: an assessment’, Journal of Asian Business 12 (4):
71–83.
‘Indonesian foreign debt: a comment’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 32 (2):
119–31.
‘The DIFF: an obituary’, Agenda: A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform 3 (4): 517–22
(with S. Cuthbertson).
‘Getting value for money from the overseas aid community’, Agenda: A Journal of
Policy Analysis and Reform 2 (4): 521–4.
‘Dificulties in detecting changes in export trends: a note on the presentation of
data’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 30 (2): 159–62.
‘Analysis and management of Indonesian money supply growth’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 29 (2): 97–128.
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 29 (2): 3–42.
‘Indonesia’s new Banking Law’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 28 (3): 107–22.
‘Informal and formal sector inance in Indonesia: the inancial evolution of small
businesses’, Savings and Development 15 (2): 187–209.
‘Concessional credit for small-scale enterprise: a comment’, Bulletin of Indonesian
Economic Studies 19 (1): 83–9.
‘On middlemen’, Malayan Economic Review 23 (2): 21–6.
Chapters in books
2011
2007
2007
‘Institutionalized public sector corruption: a legacy of the Suharto franchise’, in The
State and Illegality in Indonesia, eds E. Aspinall and G. van Klinken, KITLV Press,
Leiden: 45–64.
‘Introduction’, in Indonesia: Democracy and the Promise of Good Governance, eds R.H.
McLeod and A. MacIntyre, Indonesia Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian
Studies, Singapore: 1–17 (with A. MacIntyre).
‘The state and the market in democratic Indonesia’, in Indonesia: Democracy and the
Promise of Good Governance, eds R.H. McLeod and A. MacIntyre, Indonesia Update
Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 73–92 (with R. Duncan).
Introduction
2005
2002
2001
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2000
1999
1999
1998
1998
1998
1998
n.d.
1994
1994
1994
1993
1991
141
‘The economy: high growth remains elusive’, in The Politics and Economics of Indonesia’s Natural Resources, ed. B.P. Resosudarmo, Indonesia Update Series, Institute
of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 31–50.
‘Is Bank Indonesia the cause of inlation?’, in Ekonomi Indonesia di Era Politik Baru: 80
Tahun Mohamad Sadli [The Indonesian Economy in the New Political Era: Mohamad Sadli
at 80], eds M. Ikhsan, C. Manning and H. Soesastro, Penerbit Buku Kompas, Jakarta:
117–27.
‘Finance policies for East Timor’, in East Timor: Development Challenges for the World’s
Newest Nation, eds H. Hill and J.M. Saldanha, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies,
Singapore, and Asia Paciic Press, Canberra: 209–21.
‘Lessons from Indonesia’s crisis’, in Capital Flows without Crisis? Reconciling Capital
Mobility and Economic Stability, eds D. Wilson, D. Dasgupta and M. Uzan, Routledge, London and New York: 199–214.
‘Government–business relations in Soeharto’s Indonesia’, in Reform and Recovery in
East Asia: The Role of the State and Economic Enterprise, ed. P. Drysdale, Routledge,
London and New York: 146–68.
‘Indonesia’s crisis and future prospects’, in Asian Contagion: The Causes and Consequences of Asia’s Financial Crisis, ed. K.D. Jackson, Westview Press, Boulder CO:
209–40.
‘Paradise lost: the pernicious impact of exchange rate policy on Indonesia’s banking
system’, in Vietnam and the East Asian Crisis, ed. E.S. Leung, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham: 66–82.
‘Indonesia’, in East Asia in Crisis: From Being a Miracle to Needing One?, eds R.H.
McLeod and R. Garnaut, Routledge, London and New York: 31–48.
‘Some comments on “The funding of PT DSTP, a high-technology project”’, in Indonesia’s Technological Challenge, eds H. Hill and Thee K.W., Indonesia Update Series,
Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 234–7.
‘Some comments on the rupiah “crisis”’, in Indonesia’s Technological Challenge, eds
H. Hill and Thee K.W., Indonesia Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 96–103.
‘The new era of inancial fragility’, in East Asia in Crisis: From Being a Miracle to
Needing One?, eds R.H. McLeod and R. Garnaut, Routledge, London and New York:
333–51.
(c. 1997) ‘Deisit transaksi berjalan dan pinjaman asing [The current account deicit
and foreign borrowing]’, in Pembangunan Ekonomi dan Pemberdayaan Rakyat [Economic Development and the Empowerment of the People], eds A. Abimanyu, Harsono,
M.E. Purnawan, R. Baswir and H. Handoko, PAU-SE UGM and BPFE-Yogyakarta,
Yogyakarta: 115–33.
‘A changing inancial landscape: the evolution of inance policy in Indonesia’, in
Financial Landscapes Reconstructed: The Fine Art of Mapping Development, eds F.J.A.
Bouman and O. Hospes, Westview Press, Boulder CO: 85–104.
‘Indonesia’s foreign debt’, in Finance as a Key Sector in Indonesia’s Economic Development, ed. R.H. McLeod, Indonesia Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 268–90.
‘Introduction’, in Finance as a Key Sector in Indonesia’s Economic Development, ed. R.H.
McLeod, Indonesia Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore:
1–18.
‘Workers’ social security in Indonesia’, in Labour: Sharing the Beneits of Growth?, eds
C. Manning and J. Hardjono, Indonesia Update Series, Australian National University, Canberra: 88–107.
‘Australian Red Cross Society’, in Doing Good: The Australian NGO Community, eds
L. Zivetz et al., Allen & Unwin, Sydney: 169–77.
142
1991
1991
1991
1984
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‘Non-government organisations in Australia: an outsider’s view’, in Doing Good: The
Australian NGO Community, eds L. Zivetz et al., Allen & Unwin, Sydney: chapter 4.
‘The Australian NGO community: an overview of sector data’, in Doing Good: The
Australian NGO Community, eds L. Zivetz et al., Allen & Unwin, Sydney: chapter 2.
‘The inancial evolution of small businesses in Indonesia’, in Informal Finance in Lowincome Countries, eds D.W. Adams and D. Fitchett, Westview Press, Boulder CO:
249–64.
‘Financial institutions and markets in Indonesia’, in Financial Markets and Institutions in Southeast Asia, ed. M.T. Skully, Macmillan, London: 49–109.
‘Dualism in inancial markets’, in Indonesia: Australian Perspectives, eds J.J. Fox,
R.G. Garnaut, P.T. McCawley and J.A.C. Mackie, Research School of Paciic Studies,
Australian National University, Canberra: 321–32.
ISSN: 0007-4918 (Print) 1472-7234 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cbie20
Introduction
Hal Hill & Budy P. Resosudarmo
To cite this article: Hal Hill & Budy P. Resosudarmo (2012) Introduction, Bulletin of Indonesian
Economic Studies, 48:2, 129-142, DOI: 10.1080/00074918.2012.694152
To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2012.694152
Published online: 27 Jul 2012.
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Date: 18 January 2016, At: 00:25
Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Vol. 48, No. 2, 2012: 129–42
Special Issue in Honour of
Chris Manning and Ross McLeod
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INTRODUCTION
Hal Hill and Budy P. Resosudarmo
Australian National University
This special issue of the Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies (BIES) recognises
Chris Manning and Ross McLeod for their scholarship, their role as public intellectuals, their mentoring of students, their collegiality and their institution building, all with special reference to Indonesia over a period of more than four decades
both in Canberra and in various parts of Indonesia.
While their personalities and backgrounds differ – more on this below – they
share much in common. They were part of a post-war generation of Australians
who were pioneers in their curiosity about, and their desire to engage with, an
exciting and rapidly evolving era of Southeast Asian nation building. Both sought
to immerse themselves deeply in the region – mainly Indonesia, but with a strong
interest in its neighbourhood. Both were motivated by a concern for the state of
human well-being, observing deprivation and poverty on a scale far more serious
than in their country of birth, and then trying to understand the socio-economic,
historical and political origins. Both began serious research on Indonesia
equipped with strong analytical foundations but also with an open curiosity. Both
carried this interest forward with path-breaking research on Indonesia – Chris on
wages and labour markets, Ross on small business inance – while at the Australian National University (ANU) in the 1970s. Both continued to work in and on
Indonesia for the next three decades, at the ANU’s Arndt–Corden Department
of Economics and elsewhere. Both were highly collegial individuals, supportive
of academic colleagues and graduate students in Australia, Indonesia and elsewhere, and eager to facilitate constructive dialogues on Indonesian development
issues and challenges. For the past 13 years or so, both have been central igures
in the development of the ANU’s work on the Indonesian economy, and of the
university’s Indonesia Project.
So much for the similarities. The differences also deserve mention. Ross came
from provincial Victoria, studied to be an engineer, worked briely as one and
then ‘saw the light’ as he sometimes said, and switched to economics. He stumbled upon Indonesia almost by accident during his irst major travels abroad – on
a Singapore-bound boat that ran aground near Tanjung Priok! As a result of that
ISSN 0007-4918 print/ISSN 1472-7234 online/12/020129-14
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2012.694152
© 2012 Indonesia Project ANU
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Hal Hill and Budy P. Resosudarmo
chance encounter, he quickly became fascinated with the country. By contrast,
Chris, who grew up in rural New South Wales and attended boarding school in
Sydney, enrolled in what was quaintly called ‘Oriental Studies’ at the ANU, where
he studied Indonesian language and culture as well as economics. Wanting irsthand experience of Indonesia, he worked as a volunteer graduate at the Bogor
Agricultural Institute (Institut Pertanian Bogor) for two years. On his return to
Australia, he took a master’s degree at Monash University, attracted by its vibrant
Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, and acting speciically on the advice of Jamie
Mackie, the centre’s director at the time, and also a distant relative of Chris’s.
He then spent a further two years in Indonesia, this time at the Population Studies Centre, Gadjah Mada University. This cemented his close personal and professional association with its legendary director, the late Dr Masri Singarimbun;
whom Chris had earlier worked for as a research assistant in Canberra.
When irst Chris and then Ross embarked on doctoral dissertation research at
the ANU in the mid-1970s, their research careers overlapped for the irst time.
Under the leadership of Heinz Arndt, the ANU was then into its second decade
of serious work on the Indonesian economy. The program was already attracting
economists who were to become leading international igures in the ield, among
them Anne Booth, Howard Dick, Stephen Grenville and Peter McCawley. Chris
had already spent some time in Heinz Arndt’s department as a research assistant,
alongside another research assistant – Boediono – who was destined to become
Indonesia’s vice president.
Although they had different supervisors and were in different departments –
Chris in the research school, Ross in the ‘faculties’ (the teaching department) –
they both undertook extensive ieldwork in Java for about 12 months. Travel to
Indonesia to conduct ieldwork was a feature of ANU work on the Indonesian
economy at the time, partly because the secondary database was very weak and
partly because of the methodological inclinations of the key senior researchers.
Thus, Chris interviewed the owners of many textile and cigarette irms in West,
Central and East Java to ind out why inter-irm wage differences were so large,
while Ross sought to understand how inance for small business enterprises operated, mainly in the region of Yogyakarta.
Viewed from a contemporary research perspective, this was a highly unusual
approach to economic research. Both spent many months interviewing the owners
of irms, other economic actors, local researchers and government oficials. Chris
had a head start in this painstaking research, with his major in Bahasa Indonesia
and his two years in Bogor. But Ross began to catch up quickly, with his linguistic proiciency and local ield knowledge. This sort of research could have been
regarded as quasi-anthropological, and in fact their methodologies had some elements in common with this discipline. But, while eclectic and inter-disciplinary
in their approaches, both Chris and Ross remained grounded in economics. Their
dissertations were examined, and commended, by major international igures in
the discipline. In their post-doctoral work, they continued to engage with both
the economics profession and the Asian studies community as their intellectual
anchors.
From the early 1980s, their careers followed at times similar and at times
divergent paths. Both lived and worked for extended periods in Indonesia. Ross
worked as a small business inance adviser to Bank Indonesia in Semarang and
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Introduction
131
later as a specialist educator attached to the Ministry of Finance in Jakarta. Chris
worked as a researcher in Bogor and Yogyakarta. The Yogyakarta connection of
both, centred on Gadjah Mada University, has continued to be an important part
of their lives. The university supported their work, in a practical and intellectual
sense, and they both conducted ield research in and around the city. Immediately
upon completion of his PhD, Chris again worked for Gadjah Mada’s Population
Studies Centre, and the city now appears likely to be his home for ‘retirement’.
Both returned to Australia in the mid-1980s. For some years, Chris worked at
the Population Studies Centre at Flinders University in Adelaide. Ross taught
economics for a period at the ANU, and maintained a Canberra base for his frequent travels to Indonesia, where he worked as a consultant to the Department
of Finance through the Jakarta ofice of the Harvard Institute for International
Development. Then, in the early 1990s, two vacancies for work on the Indonesian
economy arose at the ANU. Both Chris and Ross were interested in these positions, and both were clearly the outstanding applicants. They returned to the
university, and proceeded to reinvigorate its work on Indonesia and economic
development for the next two decades. With greater freedom for research, and a
stimulating, supportive academic environment, they entered arguably their most
intellectually productive periods.
The major academic publications of each are listed below. Ross returned to some
of his earlier work on inance and development, including the important 1994
Indonesia Update volume on this subject. He then began to extend his research
interests in various directions. When the Asian inancial crisis hit Indonesia, and
some of its neighbours, with unexpected ferocity, with Ross Garnaut he organised
perhaps the irst serious academic conference and book project on this subject.
His interest in inancial development broadened into the ield of macroeconomic
management, in the process crossing the border from micro to macroeconomics.
In 1997, in what quickly became a widely cited paper, he sought to explain Indonesia’s ‘chronic inlation’ – that is, why the country had dificulty matching the
low inlation record of its neighbours, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. A major
research interest in the wake of the Soeharto era was governance and corruption.
In a paper published in 2000, he developed the thesis that the Soeharto regime
constituted a ‘better class of corruption’. Critics of the ANU’s work on the Indonesian economy interpreted this as a sophisticated defence of that regime. But
on the contrary, Ross was simply trying to explain – convincingly in retrospect
– why and how the 32-year Soeharto rule achieved historically high rates of both
economic growth and poverty reduction, alongside egregious corruption. From
the mid-1980s, this corruption was heavily concentrated on the presidential family, a phenomenon Ross aptly termed the ‘Soeharto franchise’. Ross extended this
research to the related area of civil service reform, writing an important paper on
the subject for the BIES in 2005, and co-editing (with Andrew MacIntyre) an Indonesia Update volume on governance in 2007.
Chris similarly maintained a deep interest in his original ield of research before
branching out into related topics. In 1993, shortly after returning to the ANU, he
too edited an Update volume – almost a condition of entry to the Indonesia Project! He then continued to work on the Indonesian labour market, drawing on
his earlier dissertation research and close familiarity with Indonesian development dynamics in its various manifestations – demographic, rural, regional and
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Hal Hill and Budy P. Resosudarmo
industrial – on all of which he had already written major papers and monographs.
The new dimension at this time was that Indonesia was becoming increasingly
‘East Asian’, in the sense that rapid export-oriented industrialisation, combined
with rising education and more open export markets, was now transforming Indonesian, and particularly Javanese, labour markets. Helped by a much
improved secondary database, Chris was able to document these changes convincingly and in great detail, resulting in several signiicant papers and a seminal volume, Indonesian Labour in Transition, published by Cambridge University
Press in 1998. While maintaining his interest in labour and poverty, Chris began to
look beyond Indonesia to the broader region. He co-authored two major volumes
on international labour migration in the Asia–Paciic: one with Prema-chandra
Athukorala in 1999 and the other with Prema-chandra Athukorala and Piyasiri
Wickramasekara in 2000. He also wrote papers on various labour-related issues in
Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam, and Southeast Asia more broadly.
Our two friends’ personal dispositions may appear to differ somewhat: a
heroic characterisation might be – and frequently is! – that Chris is the quintessential under-stated ‘Javanese’, often cautious in his judgments and conclusions,
while Ross is more ‘Batak’-like in his direct personality and forceful pronouncements. But in other respects they have much in common. They both focus on
what has been happening to the rakyat, the vulnerable bottom 40% or so of the
community, and they have a profound distaste for the arrogance of the politically
well-connected rich. They both follow developments in Indonesia very closely,
through an unparalleled circle of close friends, through the media and through
frequent ield trips. They regularly monitor the country’s political economy, they
examine the secondary database, and they follow the latest research. They reach
out comfortably across disciplinary boundaries, and are eclectic in their resort to
both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies.
The Indonesia Project entered a new phase in 1998, when Chris became Head of
the Project and Ross was appointed Editor of the BIES. For the next 12 years, they
carved out a highly complementary and congenial working relationship. Under
their leadership the work of the Indonesia Project lourished, as did its Indonesia
research more generally. Ross rigorously edited the BIES with assiduous attention
to detail, down to the last footnote, in the process elevating its standing in international journal rankings to among the very highest among journals of its type.
He also steered the BIES into the complex new world of electronic journal editing
and publishing. Chris headed the grand Indonesia Project enterprise, reaching
out effectively to its highly diverse constituencies, across disciplinary boundaries,
geographical borders and ideological perspectives. The annual Indonesia Update
conference and accompanying volume, which had commenced in 1983 and 1989
respectively, were taken to new heights in terms of audience, scholarly quality
and recognition. The regular Indonesia Study Group seminar series was invigorated. Several new collaborative research and policy activities were initiated.
Graduate student work on the Indonesian economy rose sharply. Taken together,
it is hard to think of a more inluential and sustained collaborative effort in Indonesian studies in recent times.
Switching from the professional to the personal, there is another important similarity – namely that their cultural immersion in Indonesia has extended beyond
the purely academic. For more than 30 years, Chris’s wife Tri and Ross’s wife
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Introduction
133
Prapti have shaped their lives and outlooks, and their understanding of Indonesia. In important respects Tri and Prapti have been silent ‘co-authors’ in their
thinking and writing on Indonesia, not to mention anchors of their vast and disparate social networks in Canberra and Indonesia.
This special issue of the BIES consists of essays by some of the closest colleagues
and friends of Chris and Ross, in their honour. It also contains a tribute to Widjojo
Nitisastro, an icon of Indonesian economic policy making. The issue is a small
token of appreciation from the broader community of scholars and friends who
have been enriched by their friendship and scholarship. This is of course not the
end of their stories – they are, fortunately, alive and well, with various interesting and important activities under way. We would not be at all surprised if more
seminal papers and books appeared under their names. But this seems like an
appropriate juncture to pause, and to relect on and celebrate their achievements.
To Chris and Ross we say ‘Terima kasih banyak, Bapak Bapak’, and to our readers
we say ‘Selamat membaca’.
134
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SELECTED PUBLICATIONS BY CHRIS MANNING
Books
2011
2010
2002
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2000
1999
1998
1993
1984
1984
1984
1974
(ed.) Employment, Living Standards and Poverty in Contemporary Indonesia, Indonesia
Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore (with S. Sumarto).
(ed.) The Great Migration: Rural–Urban Migration in China and Indonesia, Edward
Elgar, Cheltenham (with X. Meng).
(ed.) Ekonomi Indonesia di Era Politik Baru: 80 Tahun Mohamad Sadli [The Indonesian
Economy in the New Political Era: Mohamad Sadli at 80], Penerbit Buku Kompas,
Jakarta (with M. Ikhsan and H. Soesastro).
Growth, Employment and Migration in Southeast Asia: Structural Change in the Greater
Mekong Countries, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham (with P. Athukorala and P. Wickramasekara).
(ed.) Indonesia in Transition: Social Aspects of Reformasi and Crisis, Indonesia Update
Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore (with P. van Diermen). (Published in Indonesian as Indonesia di Tengah Transisi: Aspek-Aspek Sosial Reformasi dan
Krisis, LKiS, Yogyakarta, 2000.)
Adjusting to Labour Scarcity: Structural Change and International Labour Migration in
East Asia, Oxford University Press, Melbourne (with P. Athukorala).
Indonesian Labour in Transition: An East Asian Success Story?, Trade and Development Series, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
(ed.) Labour: Sharing in the Beneits of Growth?, Indonesia Update Series, Australian
National University, Canberra (with J. Hardjono).
(ed.) Analisa Ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia Berdasarkan Data Sensus Penduduk 1971–
1980 [Analysis of the Indonesian Labour Force Based on Census Data for 1971–1980], Biro
Pusat Statistik, Jakarta (with M. Papayungan).
(ed.) Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja, Pengangguran dan Kesempatan Kerja [Labour Force Participation, Unemployment and Employment], Rajawali Press, Jakarta (with Z. Bakir).
(ed.) Urbanisasi, Pengangguran dan Sektor Informal [Urbanisation, Unemployment and
the Informal Sector], Gramedia, Jakarta (with T.N. Effendi).
Irian Jaya: The Transformation of a Melanesian Economy, ANU Press, Canberra (with
R. Garnaut). (Published in Indonesian with minor revisions as Perubahan Sosial
Ekonomi di Irian Jaya [The Social and Economic Transformation of Irian Jaya], Gramedia,
Jakarta, 1979.)
Monographs
2005
2004
2003
1989
1988
1984
Movement of Workers in ASEAN: Healthcare and IT Sectors, Final Report, REPSF Project No. 04/007, ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta, June (with A. Sidorenko).
Liberalizing and Facilitating the Movement of Individual Service Providers under AFAS:
Implications for Labour and Immigration Policies and Procedures in ASEAN, Final Report,
REPSF Project No. 02/004, ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta, March (with P. Bhatnagar).
Labor Policy and Employment Creation: An Emerging Crisis?, Report No. 110, Partnership for Economic Growth–USAID, Jakarta, June.
Economic Development, Migrant Labour and Indigenous Welfare in Irian Jaya 1970–84,
Paciic Research Monograph No. 20, Australian National University, Canberra
(with M. Rumbiak).
The Green Revolution, Employment and Economic Change in Rural Java: A Reassessment
of Trends under the New Order, Occasional Paper No. 84, Institute of Southeast Asian
Studies, Singapore.
Landownership, Tenancy and Sources of Household Income: Community Patterns from a
Partial Recensus of Eight Villages in Rural Java, Agro-Economic Survey, Bogor (with
G. Wiradi).
Introduction
1982
1974
Tubektomi Orang Desa [Tubectomy of Villagers], Liberty Press, Yogyakarta (with
M. Singarimbun, G. Samekto and B. Soediyanto).
Fertility and Family Planning in Mojolama, Institute of Population Studies, Gadjah
Mada University, Yogyakarta (with M. Singarimbun).
Refereed journal articles
2010
2009
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2008
2007
2007
2006
2006
2005
2005
2002
2002
2000
2000
1999
1999
1999
1998
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
135
‘Vietnam: globalization and labour markets in boom and crisis’, ASEAN Economic
Bulletin 27 (1): 136–57.
‘Relections on political reform in Indonesia’, Indonesian Quarterly 37 (4): 296–315
(with H. Hill).
‘Minimum wages and poverty in a developing country: simulations from Indonesia’s household survey’, World Development 36 (5): 916–33 (with K. Bird).
‘The Manpower Law of 2003 and its implementing regulations: genesis, key articles and potential impact’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 43 (1): 39–86 (with
K. Roesad).
‘The regulation of professional migration: insights from the health and IT sectors in
ASEAN’, World Economy 30 (7): 1,084–113 (with A. Sidorenko).
‘Labour market dimensions of poverty in Indonesia’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic
Studies 42 (2): 235–61 (with A. Alisjahbana).
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 42 (2): 143–
70 (with K. Roesad).
‘Legislating for labour protection: betting on the weak or the strong?’, Economics and
Finance in Indonesia 53 (1): 33–59.
‘Regional arrangements for mode 4 in services trade: lessons from the ASEAN experience’, World Trade Review 4 (2): 171–99 (with P. Bhatnagar).
‘International labor migration in East Asia during the Asian crisis’, World Economy
25 (3): 359–85.
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 38 (3): 277–
306 (with A. Alisjahbana).
‘Indonesian labour markets: adjusting to the crisis and slow recovery’, Indian Journal of Labour Economics 43 (3): 545–64.
‘Labour market adjustment to Indonesia’s economic crisis: context, trends and
implications’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 36 (1): 103–36.
‘Labour markets in the ASEAN-4 and the NIEs’, Asia-Paciic Economic Journal 13 (1):
50–68.
‘Poverty decline and labour market change in Indonesia: lessons from the Soeharto
era’, Indonesian Quarterly 27 (2): 122–45.
‘RI–Australia ties: what went wrong?’, Indonesian Quarterly 27 (4): 1–9 (with H. Hill).
‘Choosy youth or unwanted youth: a survey of unemployment’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 34 (1): 55–93 (with P.N. Junankar).
‘Does globalisation undermine labour standards? Lessons from East Asia’, Australian Journal of International Affairs 52 (2): 133–47.
‘A new era of labour market regulation in East Asia? The case of Indonesia’, Asian
Economic Journal 11 (1): 111–29.
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 32 (2): 1–43
(with S. Jayasuriya).
‘Approaching the turning point? Labour market change under Indonesia’s New
Order’, Developing Economies 33 (1): 52–81.
‘What has happened to wages in the New Order?’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic
Studies 30 (3): 73–114.
‘Structural change and industrial relations during the Soeharto period: an approaching crisis?’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 29 (2): 59–95.
136
1992
1990
1988
1988
1987
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1987
1980
1976
1976
1974
1973
1972
1971
Hal Hill and Budy P. Resosudarmo
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 28 (1): 3–38.
‘Labour market trends and structures in ASEAN and the East Asian NIEs’, AsiaPaciic Economic Literature 4 (2): 59–83 (with E.F. Pang).
‘Rural employment creation in Java: lessons from the Green Revolution and oil
boom’, Population and Development Review 14 (1): 47–80.
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 24 (2): 3–41
(with S. Jayasuriya).
‘Public policy, rice production and income distribution: a review of Indonesia’s rice
self-suficiency program’, Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science 15 (1): 66–81.
‘Rural economic change and labour mobility: a case study from West Java’, Bulletin
of Indonesian Economic Studies 23 (3): 52–79.
‘Fringe beneits in manufacturing: eficiency or welfare?’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 16 (2): 54–82.
‘Breast feeding, amenorrhea, and abstinence in a Javanese village: a case study of
Mojolama’, Studies in Family Planning 7 (6): 175–9 (with M. Singarimbun).
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 12 (3): 1–49
(with P. McCawley).
‘Marriage and divorce in Mojolama’, Indonesia 17: 67–82 (with M. Singarimbun).
‘An economic survey of West Irian: Part II’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies
9 (1): 30–64 (with R. Garnaut).
‘An economic survey of West Irian: Part I’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies
8 (3): 35–65 (with R. Garnaut).
’The timber boom with special reference to East Kalimantan’, Bulletin of Indonesian
Economic Studies 7 (3): 30–60.
Other journal articles
2002
2000
2000
1996
1988
1980
1977
1974
1974
‘Lessons from labor adjustment to the East Asian crisis: the case of South Korea,
Thailand and Indonesia’, East Asian Economic Perspectives 13 (1): 62–96.
‘Australian–Indonesian relations’, Gaiko Forum 139 (March): 50–59 (in Japanese).
‘Structural adjustment and labour migration in Malaysia and Thailand’, East Asian
Economic Perspectives 11 (1): 1–19 (with P. Athukorala).
‘Masalah upah di Jawa: dari Sriharjo tahun 1960-an ke Tangerang tahun 1990-an
[Wage issues in Java: from Sriharjo in the 1960s to Tangerang in the 1990s]’, Populasi
7 (1): 1–11.
‘Penyerapan tenaga kerja di pedesaan Jawa [Labour absorption in rural Java]’,
Prisma 17 (1): 30–41.
‘Segmentasi pasar tenaga kerja di sektor industri di Jawa: beberapa implikasi dari
studi kasus industri tenun dan rokok [Labour market segmentation in Java’s manufacturing: implications from case studies in the weaving and cigarette industries]’,
Prisma 9 (11): 85–92.
‘Ketimpangan upah buruh, penelitian pada industri tenun dan rokok kretek [Wage
disparities among industrial workers in the kretek and textile industries]’, Prisma
6 (3): 18–32.
‘Beberapa catatan tentang pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek keluarga berencana di
Mojolama dan Kedung Miri [Some notes on knowledge, attitudes and the practice
of family planning in Mojolama and Kedung Miri]’, Demograi Indonesia 1 (2): 70–88
(with M. Singarimbun).
‘Keluarga berencana, motivasi dan pola sosial-ekonomi: kasus Mojolama [Family planning, motivations and socio-economic dimensions: the case of Mojolama],
Prisma 3 (2): 31–43 (with M. Singarimbun).
Introduction
Chapters in books
2011
2010
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2010
2010
2009
2009
2009
2007
2006
2006
2004
2003
2003
2002
137
‘Employment, living standards and poverty: trends, policies and interactions’, in
Employment, Living Standards and Poverty in Contemporary Indonesia, eds C. Manning
and S. Sumarto, Indonesia Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 1–22 (with S. Sumarto).
‘Making it in the city: recent and long-term migrants in the urban labour market
in Indonesia’, in The Great Migration: Rural–Urban Migration in China and Indonesia,
eds X. Meng and C. Manning, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham: 194–221 (with A. Alisjahbana).
‘Manufacturing growth, trade and labour market outcomes in East Asia: why have
the Southeast Asian cubs lagged behind the tigers?’, in The Rise of Asia: Trade and
Investment in Global Perspective, ed. P. Athukorala, Routledge, London and New
York: 292–308 (with A. Posso).
‘The great migration: rural–urban migration in China and Indonesia: trends and
institutions’, in The Great Migration: Rural–Urban Migration in China and Indonesia,
eds X. Meng and C. Manning, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham: 1–19 (with X. Meng).
‘Papua I: challenges of economic development in an era of political and economic
change’, in Working with Nature against Poverty: Development, Resources and the Environment in Eastern Indonesia, eds B.P. Resosudarmo and F. Jotzo, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 21–58 (with B.P. Resosudarmo, L. Napitupulu and
V. Wanggai).
‘Papua II: challenges for public administration and economic policy under special
autonomy’, in Working with Nature against Poverty: Development, Resources and the
Environment in Eastern Indonesia, eds B.P. Resosudarmo and F. Jotzo, Institute of
Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 59–73 (with B.P. Resosudarmo and L. Napitupulu).
‘Trends and constraints associated with labour faced by non-farm enterprises’, in
The Rural Investment Climate in Indonesia, ed. N. McCulloch, Institute of Southeast
Asian Studies, Singapore: 50–85 (with A. Alisjahbana).
‘Regional labor markets and economic development in the Philippines’, in The
Dynamics of Regional Development: The Philippines in East Asia, eds A. Balisacan and
H. Hill, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham: 244–73 (with E.F. Esguerra).
‘Coping with cross-border labour lows in Southeast Asia’, in Mobility, Labour
Migration and Border Controls in Asia, eds A. Kaur and I. Messner, Macmillan, London: 52–72 (with P. Bhatnagar).
‘Potential winners and losers from labour regulation in the formal sector: the case of
Indonesia’, in Labour Market Regulation and Deregulation in Asia: Experiences in Recent
Decades, eds C. Brassard and S. Acharya, Academic Foundation, New Delhi: 111–37.
‘Labour regulation and the business environment: time to take stock’, in Business
in Indonesia: New Challenges, Old Problems, eds P. van der Eng and M.C. Basri, Indonesia Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 234–50.
‘Economic reform, labour markets and poverty: the Indonesian experience’, in Trade
Policy, Growth and Poverty in Asian Developing Countries, ed. K. Sharma, Routledge,
London and New York: 74–94 (with K. Bird).
‘Globalization, economic crisis and labor market policy: lessons from East Asia’, in
The Impact of Trade on Labor: Issues, Perspectives and Experience from Developing Asia,
eds R. Hasan and D. Mitra, North Holland, Amsterdam: 159–285.
‘Harmonizing labor policies and employment goals’, in Ekonomi Indonesia di Era
Politik Baru: 80 Tahun Mohamad Sadli [The Indonesian Economy in the New Political Era:
Mohamad Sadli at 80], eds M. Ikhsan, C. Manning and H. Soesastro, Penerbit Buku
Kompas, Jakarta: 233–44.
138
2001
2000
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2000
1999
1998
1996
1996
1994
1993
1993
1992
1990
1988
1985
1984
Hal Hill and Budy P. Resosudarmo
‘The economics of employment protection and unemployment insurance schemes:
policy options for Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand’, in East Asian
Labor Markets and Economic Crisis, eds G. Betcherman and R. Islam, World Bank
and International Labour Organization, Washington DC: 345–78 (with A. CoxEdwards).
‘Recent developments and social aspects of reformasi and crisis: an overview’, in
Indonesia in Transition: Social Aspects of Reformasi and Crisis, eds C. Manning and
P. van Diermen, Indonesia Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 1–11 (with P. van Diermen).
‘The Korean labour market in boom, crisis and recovery’, in Looking Forward: Korea
after the Economic Crisis, ed. H. Smith, Asia Paciic Press, Canberra: 163–84.
‘Labour market institutions: the case of Indonesia’, in Institutions and Change in
Southeast Asia, ed. C. Barlow, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham: 43–55.
‘Technology and human resources: are supply-side constraints holding Indonesia
back?’, in Indonesia’s Technological Challenge, eds H. Hill and Thee K.W., Indonesia
Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 199–218.
‘Labour markets and human resources in developing East Asia’, in Asia-Paciic Economic Cooperation: Theory and Practice, eds R.W Hooley, A. Nasution, M. Pangestu
and M. Dutta, JAI Press, Greenwich CT: 189–204.
‘Labour standards and economic development: the Indonesian case’, in Labour
Standards and Economic Development, ed. J.E. Lee, Chung-Hua Institute for Economic
Research, Taipei: 249–73.
‘Rural development and non-farm employment in Java’, in Development or Deterioration: Work in Rural Asia, eds B. Koppel, J. Hawkins and W. James, Lynne Rienner,
Boulder CO: 211–48 (with T.N. Effendi).
‘Balancing both sides of the ledger: wages and employment in Indonesia under Soeharto’, in Labour: Sharing in the Beneits of Growth?, eds C. Manning and J. Hardjono,
Indonesia Update Series, Australian National University, Canberra: 61–87.
‘Rural problems and urban opportunities’, in Development and Social Welfare: Indonesia’s Experiences under the New Order, eds J.-P. Dirkse, F. Husken and M. Rutten,
KITLV Press, The Hague: 87–94.
‘Labour force and employment during the 1990s’, in The Oil Boom and After: Indonesian Economic Policy and Performance in the Soeharto Era, ed. A. Booth, Oxford University Press, Singapore: 383–418 (with G. Jones).
‘Macro-economic strategy, stability and income distribution: a global assessment
of trends under the New Order’, in Indonesian Economic Development: Approaches,
Technology, Small-scale Textiles, Urban Infrastructure and NGOs, ed. R.C. Rice, Centre
of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, Melbourne: 1–14.
‘Economic development and poverty in capitalist Asia: recent trends, issues and
future prospects’, in Rethinking Development Issues: Opportunities and Constraints in
the 1980s, eds J. Browett, C. Gertzel and R. Leaver, Conference Paper Series No. 5,
Centre for Development Studies, Flinders University, Adelaide: 95–124.
‘A food production success story: the case of rice self-suficiency in Indonesia’, in
Food for the World? Constraints to Agricultural Development in the Third World, eds
R. Knight et al., Conference Paper Series No. 3, Centre for Development Studies,
Flinders University, Adelaide: 1–19.
‘Angkatan kerja dan kesempatan kerja di Indonesia dewasa ini [Current trends in
labour force and employment in Indonesia]’, in Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja, Pengangguran dan Kesempatan Kerja [Labour Force Participation, Unemployment and Employment], eds Z. Bakir and C. Manning, Rajawali Press, Jakarta: 1–28.
Introduction
1981
1978
139
’Dualism in labour markets and labour market segmentation in Indonesian manufacturing’, in Dualism, Growth and Poverty, eds R. Garnaut and P. McCawley, ANU
Press, Canberra: 307–19.
‘Pockets of privilege amidst mass poverty: wages and working conditions in Indonesian industry’, in The Life of the Poor in Indonesian Cities, eds L. Jellinek, C. Manning
and G. Jones, Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, Melbourne:
17–32.
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SELECTED PUBLICATIONS BY ROSS H. McLEOD
Books
2007
1998
1994
1991
(ed.) Indonesia: Democracy and the Promise of Good Governance, Indonesia Update
Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore (with A. MacIntyre).
(ed.) East Asia in Crisis: From Being a Miracle to Needing One?, Routledge, London
and New York (with R. Garnaut).
(ed.) Finance as a Key Sector in Indonesia’s Development, Indonesia Update Series,
Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore.
(ed.) Cases on Financial Policy and Banking Deregulation in Indonesia, Gadjah Mada
University Press, Yogyakarta (with D.C. Cole).
Journal articles
2011
2010
2010
2010
2009
2008
2008
2006
2006
2005
2005
2004
2003
2002
2002
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 47 (1): 7–34.
‘Civil society organisations’ contribution to the anti-corruption movement in Indonesia’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 46 (3): 347–70 (with Budi Setiyono).
‘How US economists got it so wrong’, Agenda: A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform
17 (1): 77–81.
‘Indonesia’s stock market: evolving role, growing eficiency’, Bulletin of Indonesian
Economic Studies 46 (3): 329–46 (with J.J. Kung and A.P. Carverhill).
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 45 (2):
151–76 (with M. Kuncoro and T. Widodo).
‘Inadequate budgets and salaries as instruments for institutionalising public sector
corruption’, South East Asian Research 16 (2): 199–223.
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 44 (2):
183–208.
‘Indonesia’s new Deposit Guarantee Law’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies
42 (1): 59–78.
‘Private sector lessons for public sector reform in Indonesia’, Agenda: A Journal of
Policy Analysis and Reform 13 (3): 275–88.
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 41 (2):
133–57.
‘The struggle to regain effective government under democracy in Indonesia’,
Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 41 (3): 367–86.
‘Dealing with bank system failure: Indonesia, 1997–2003’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 40 (1): 95–116.
‘Towards improved monetary policy in Indonesia’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic
Studies 39 (3): 303–24.
‘Banking collapse and restructuring in Indonesia, 1997–2001’, Cato Journal 22 (2):
277–95 (with G. Fane).
‘Second and third thoughts on privatisation in Indonesia’, Agenda: A Journal of Policy
Analysis and Reform 9 (2): 151–64.
140
2000
2000
2000
1999
1999
1999
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1998
1997
1997
1997
1997
1997
1996
1996
1996
1995
1994
1993
1993
1992
1991
1983
1978
Hal Hill and Budy P. Resosudarmo
‘Soeharto’s Indonesia: a better class of corruption’, Agenda: A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform 7 (2): 99–112.
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 36 (2): 5–40.
‘Which currency for East Timor?’, Paciic Economic Bulletin 15 (1): 113–18.
‘Control and competition: banking deregulation and re-regulation in Indonesia’,
Journal of the Asia Paciic Economy 4 (2): 258–97.
‘Crisis-driven changes to the banking laws and regulations’, Bulletin of Indonesian
Economic Studies 35 (2): 147–54.
‘Lessons for monetary and banking policies from the 1997–98 economic crises in
Indonesia and Thailand’, Journal of Asian Economics 10 (3): 395–413 (with G. Fane).
‘From crisis to cataclysm? The mismanagement of Indonesia’s economic ailments’,
World Economy 21 (7): 913–30.
‘Explaining chronic inlation in Indonesia’, Journal of Development Studies 33 (3):
392–410.
‘Policy conlicts in Indonesia: the impact of the current account deicit target on
growth, equity and stability’, ASEAN Economic Bulletin 14 (1): 32–45.
‘Postscript to the survey of recent developments: on causes and cures for the rupiah
crisis’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 33 (3): 35–52.
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 33 (1): 3–43.
‘Treating Australia’s health insurance system: palliatives or radical surgery?’,
Agenda: A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform 4 (1): 3–14.
‘Indonesia’s economic performance: an assessment’, Journal of Asian Business 12 (4):
71–83.
‘Indonesian foreign debt: a comment’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 32 (2):
119–31.
‘The DIFF: an obituary’, Agenda: A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform 3 (4): 517–22
(with S. Cuthbertson).
‘Getting value for money from the overseas aid community’, Agenda: A Journal of
Policy Analysis and Reform 2 (4): 521–4.
‘Dificulties in detecting changes in export trends: a note on the presentation of
data’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 30 (2): 159–62.
‘Analysis and management of Indonesian money supply growth’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 29 (2): 97–128.
‘Survey of recent developments’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 29 (2): 3–42.
‘Indonesia’s new Banking Law’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 28 (3): 107–22.
‘Informal and formal sector inance in Indonesia: the inancial evolution of small
businesses’, Savings and Development 15 (2): 187–209.
‘Concessional credit for small-scale enterprise: a comment’, Bulletin of Indonesian
Economic Studies 19 (1): 83–9.
‘On middlemen’, Malayan Economic Review 23 (2): 21–6.
Chapters in books
2011
2007
2007
‘Institutionalized public sector corruption: a legacy of the Suharto franchise’, in The
State and Illegality in Indonesia, eds E. Aspinall and G. van Klinken, KITLV Press,
Leiden: 45–64.
‘Introduction’, in Indonesia: Democracy and the Promise of Good Governance, eds R.H.
McLeod and A. MacIntyre, Indonesia Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian
Studies, Singapore: 1–17 (with A. MacIntyre).
‘The state and the market in democratic Indonesia’, in Indonesia: Democracy and the
Promise of Good Governance, eds R.H. McLeod and A. MacIntyre, Indonesia Update
Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 73–92 (with R. Duncan).
Introduction
2005
2002
2001
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2001
2000
1999
1999
1998
1998
1998
1998
n.d.
1994
1994
1994
1993
1991
141
‘The economy: high growth remains elusive’, in The Politics and Economics of Indonesia’s Natural Resources, ed. B.P. Resosudarmo, Indonesia Update Series, Institute
of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 31–50.
‘Is Bank Indonesia the cause of inlation?’, in Ekonomi Indonesia di Era Politik Baru: 80
Tahun Mohamad Sadli [The Indonesian Economy in the New Political Era: Mohamad Sadli
at 80], eds M. Ikhsan, C. Manning and H. Soesastro, Penerbit Buku Kompas, Jakarta:
117–27.
‘Finance policies for East Timor’, in East Timor: Development Challenges for the World’s
Newest Nation, eds H. Hill and J.M. Saldanha, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies,
Singapore, and Asia Paciic Press, Canberra: 209–21.
‘Lessons from Indonesia’s crisis’, in Capital Flows without Crisis? Reconciling Capital
Mobility and Economic Stability, eds D. Wilson, D. Dasgupta and M. Uzan, Routledge, London and New York: 199–214.
‘Government–business relations in Soeharto’s Indonesia’, in Reform and Recovery in
East Asia: The Role of the State and Economic Enterprise, ed. P. Drysdale, Routledge,
London and New York: 146–68.
‘Indonesia’s crisis and future prospects’, in Asian Contagion: The Causes and Consequences of Asia’s Financial Crisis, ed. K.D. Jackson, Westview Press, Boulder CO:
209–40.
‘Paradise lost: the pernicious impact of exchange rate policy on Indonesia’s banking
system’, in Vietnam and the East Asian Crisis, ed. E.S. Leung, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham: 66–82.
‘Indonesia’, in East Asia in Crisis: From Being a Miracle to Needing One?, eds R.H.
McLeod and R. Garnaut, Routledge, London and New York: 31–48.
‘Some comments on “The funding of PT DSTP, a high-technology project”’, in Indonesia’s Technological Challenge, eds H. Hill and Thee K.W., Indonesia Update Series,
Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 234–7.
‘Some comments on the rupiah “crisis”’, in Indonesia’s Technological Challenge, eds
H. Hill and Thee K.W., Indonesia Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 96–103.
‘The new era of inancial fragility’, in East Asia in Crisis: From Being a Miracle to
Needing One?, eds R.H. McLeod and R. Garnaut, Routledge, London and New York:
333–51.
(c. 1997) ‘Deisit transaksi berjalan dan pinjaman asing [The current account deicit
and foreign borrowing]’, in Pembangunan Ekonomi dan Pemberdayaan Rakyat [Economic Development and the Empowerment of the People], eds A. Abimanyu, Harsono,
M.E. Purnawan, R. Baswir and H. Handoko, PAU-SE UGM and BPFE-Yogyakarta,
Yogyakarta: 115–33.
‘A changing inancial landscape: the evolution of inance policy in Indonesia’, in
Financial Landscapes Reconstructed: The Fine Art of Mapping Development, eds F.J.A.
Bouman and O. Hospes, Westview Press, Boulder CO: 85–104.
‘Indonesia’s foreign debt’, in Finance as a Key Sector in Indonesia’s Economic Development, ed. R.H. McLeod, Indonesia Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore: 268–90.
‘Introduction’, in Finance as a Key Sector in Indonesia’s Economic Development, ed. R.H.
McLeod, Indonesia Update Series, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore:
1–18.
‘Workers’ social security in Indonesia’, in Labour: Sharing the Beneits of Growth?, eds
C. Manning and J. Hardjono, Indonesia Update Series, Australian National University, Canberra: 88–107.
‘Australian Red Cross Society’, in Doing Good: The Australian NGO Community, eds
L. Zivetz et al., Allen & Unwin, Sydney: 169–77.
142
1991
1991
1991
1984
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1980
Hal Hill and Budy P. Resosudarmo
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