Hydrogen Purification Using Natural Pahae Zeolit and Cocoa Rind Based Filter
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International |ournal o/
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InternationalJournalof Applied EngineeringResearchISSN 09734562 Volume 12,Number 13 (2017) pp. 3914-3918
@ ResearchIndia Fublications. htp://www.ripublication.com
Ilydrogen Purification Using Natural Pahae Zeolit and Cocoa Rind Based
Filter
Susilawatiu, Tulus Ikhsan Nasutionrlbo Fynnisa Zebuaa"ollamonrngan Nainggolana*
lDepartnent of Physics, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Universitas Stwatera Utara, Medan 20155,
Sumatera Utara, fndonesia.
zlaboratory of Penelitian Terpadu, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
sCivil Engineering, Fqcalty of Ensineeing" Universitas Asahan, Kkqran, Indanesia.
aChemistryDepartment,FacvltyofMathematicandNaturalScience,Universitas SwnateraUtara,Medan20ISS,
Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
bil:hsan_05@yahoo.com;
osusilawati.TI2T4@yahoo.com;
"finnisa@yahoo.co.id;"hanonangan@tsu.ac.id
which is produced by electrolysis is more be,neficalbecauseit
is cheaper,faster and there is no chemical added- But, beside
hydrogen and orygen, there is water molecule which is come
from the dwiding process as the impact of the water
terryerature increasment. One of &e effort in order to
maximize the production of pure hydroge,n is by using a
potsntial adsorbent as the watervapor filter.
Abstract
The water vapor filter was fabricated from combination of
natural pahae zeolit, clay, and cocoa rind by a chemical
reaction and followed by heating priocess at various
ternperatrres of 7$0C, 8fi)qC, and 900"C, respectively. The
filter was used to puri$ hydrog€Nrgas which was produccd
from an electrolysis process by adsorbing water vapor. The
result showed that the optimal heating terysrature was at
70OoCwherc the filter could adsorb wat€r vapor until l00p/o.
Comparing to another compositions, the addition of clay and
rind cmoa showed the significant increase in water vapor
adsorttioq the filters based on natural pahae zeolit 44.5'lo/o,
natural pahae zeolit + clay and natural pahae zeolit + cocoa
rind evideirced 51.81% nnd 47.31o/o,respectivcly. Thereforc,
the water vapor filter bascd on the combination of natural
pahae zeolit + clay + cocoa rind was the most suitable
composition to prifyhydrogen gas.
Coryaring to another adsorbent zuch as active carbon and
silica gel, zeolit is more interesting to be used as a filter
because it hes s high efectivity of adsorption Fll. Zeolite is
alumino-silicate conpound with tetah€dxal bomd linked by
oxygcn. Atom Al is negatif tbat can be neralized by cationThe exchangable cation affests the adsorption ability of
zeolite. Beside that the ability is also influenced by Si/Al
ratio, surface are4 and size od zeolitc pore [3]. Thc porous
structure of zeolite with many channels and cavities makes
zeolite becomesone of potential sorbent materials with higbly
surhce area [14.
Keywords: Hydmgeir Purification, $/ater Vapour Filter,
Natural PahaeZeolit, Rind Cocoa, Clay.
r
INTROI'UCTION
Nowadays, the world is in the srisis of ensgy. The crisis is
caused by human vfoo using fuel aod gas in a large amount.
Before facing the worst version of the energy crisis, we have
to find the alternative energy sowce which can be renew&bleHydrogen is one of the alteirnativeenergy ufrich gets a special
attention from many countries. Especially from the upper
class country. The de,mand for cleaner €oergy has incited
geater intcrest in hydrogen enef,gy as it offers a zuperior
alternative to conventional fossil fuel combustion, thanks to
its high fiergy density pl, highs energy conversion
efficicncy and its eirvironmental friendly naturs [6]. Cunent
H2 production mctfrods include, stcam-mcthane rcforming,
coal gasificatiorq watsr-electrolysis etc. [7]. The hydrogen
39t4
The previous research [0] showed that the filt€rbased on the
natural pahae zeolit could be done a good adsorption to the
water vapor. To optimize the perforrrance of the filter
adsorption, the natural pahae zeolit was mixed witi the cocoa
rind and clay. Bofr are drosen because there are a large
amount ofcocoa rinds and clay stock- In Indonesia, the cocoa
rind is useless.But if wc want to o'ptimize the value added of
the cocoa rfu{ it can be used to produce pectin. The
conryonent structure of pectin contains many active cluster so
the pectia can be ussd as &e source of bioadsorbent [9]. Ia
the ofher hand clay is the important pait in the ground which,
trA nantratly the polrilion tbat flows by wafcr on {he surface
or ia the pound by the the process of adsorbing or the ion
exchanging, The factors that make clay as an adsorbentare the
large specific surfrce, stabel by the chemical or mcchanical,
various surface structwe, and the high cqpability of ion
exchange [2].
InternationalJournalof AppliedEngineeringResearchISSN09734562Volume 12,Number13(2017)pp. 3914-3918
O ResearchIndia Publications.htQ://wwwriprblication-com
RESEARCT METODOLOGY
Zeolit€sare the bestadsffb€r for the adsorptionprocess[14].
The zeoliteutilization as adsorb dueto tre porousstnrcture,
molecular sieve and absorbingability for small molecules
zuchas water which can €ntcr tre zeolite [4]. Modifications
of the natural zeolite are needsto be done to impmve their
performnce beforeusedasan adsortent.Thereolitesshowed
better perforrnancein crystallinity and acidity after treat€d
\dthHCl [16].
The materialaf,enaturalpahaezeolit from TarutungTryanuli
Utara, cocoarind from Desa JahanmDeli Serdangand the
clay from DesaWonosariLubuk PakamDeli Serdang.Based
on the pevious rsearcbfhe sizeofnatural pahaezeolit cocoa
1l {r ardtl$gHqs
rind and the clay was 20O mesh [0]. Separately, Pahaez.eolit
and clay were activatcd by soaking them into a chemical
procoss in HzSOr 6oi fortwo hourusing mapetic stirrer and
hot plate. ASer th€
nafiral pahae zeolit cocoa
rind and clay were mixed with the variation lWo:ff/o:V/o,
95Yo:5Yo:V/o,95Ya:V/o:5Yo,Wo:S%o:So/o.Their, put the result
into tbe mold and pressed with a hidrolic under 3 tons
pressure for l0 minutes. The saryle which had been molded
was activated with tbe emp€raorres ?00&C, 800qC, and
90dC. 1[s sample which had been activated had to be test€d
mechanically to know it's adsorption ability and to lmow it's
ability in adsorbing the water vapor. The test of $raf€r vapor
adsorbing was by putting the filtcr on the chamber which had
beeir connectedwitfr a hydrogen sensor(Figure l).
rF!
gbntDrg,tlem
Fo..;rr SrFFl
tl rad*
{:9r
cr|Gl
nbc'rrsde
,.'i ll{!l
H *a r d
HOge83et
Figurc l: Scherc of WaterVryor Filter Adsoqgim Test
cocoa rind contains a lot of hard fiber [20] and when the
mixture of zeolit + clay was bumed on tbe teryerature of
7000C,there urcre rnor€ por€s on the filter.
ANALYSIS AI\ID DISCUSSION
Herdnesr Test
Mechanical test was done to know how hard the water vapor
filter. The result can be seen on Figure 2. Figure 2 shows that
the hardness was based on the materials coryotition and the
acfiration temperatur€ which were used in making the filter.
Ths hardest filtpr is shown on the filter of zeolit + clay on the
t€rnp€mture of 90dC and dre sft t€xtufe is shown on the
filter of zeolit + cocoa rind on the tempsrsture of 700qC.
Therefore, the addition of clay on zeolit incrcased the
hardness ofthe filter because clay had a high chemical and
mechanicalstability [t2J- Beside that clay is soil which size
is microscopic *nd submicroscopic, so u&ile it was mixed
wi& zeol( clay could fill &e zeolit's pores. This rnade the
mixtures of zeolit + clay more solid" Clay will be so hard
when it is dry and plastically by the mix of some water. When
it is mixed by a lot of water it wilt be sticky (cohesive) nnd so
soft, so in the tenperature of 9(X)0C the filter shows the
highestlwel of hardness.
In the other ban4 the addition of cocoa rind on zeolit
decrcasedthe hrdness level of the filter. This is becausethe
The result of the hardness test on zeolit filter shows a bad
level ofhardness. It is becausethere were physical activation
and modification on the filter [8]. The hardnesslevel of the
filter would be fine when the zeolit filter was giveir the higlr
tenperature. And the addition of another material which
contained different urxrure decreased the hardness lwel of
zeolit + cocoa rind. In such compositiorl zeolit contained a lot
of silica and aluminium. In fhe olher hand, cocoa rind doesn't
contain such rmsure. But by adding another material wtrich
contains the same unsure will make the hardnesslevel better
likc the zeolit + clay filter which both contain sitica and
aluildnium.
The zeolit + crocoarind + clay filt€r lnd a beter har&ress
lwel coryaring to the zeolit * cocoa rind filter. This is
bocause th6re was material modifistion where zeolit+cocoa
rind as the matrix and the filler had a different unsure mixed
with clay which hadthe same unsiurewith zeolit.
3915
I
ISSN 09734562Volume12,Number13(2017)pp. 3914-3918
Research
Joumalof AppliedEngineering
International
http://www.ripublication.com
Publications.
India
@Research
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Adcorpfion Test
An Adsorption test is a test where a certain molecule is caught
from fluid on the solid surface (adso6ent). The result of water
vapor adsorption is identified from the hy&ogen sensor where
the sensor is very sensitive of the water vapor (if there is
water vapor which passes the sensor, the sensor will not be
able to read the increas,ementamount of the hydrogen).
Figruc 3 is the rcsult of the hydrcgcn sensor's rcading on
wat€r vapor filter on the t€mperature of 7000C, 800QC, and
9000c
--**1.!l
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Figurc 3. Concenfation of hydrogen gas s€ltssr a$ a fimction
of time for zeolite filter, zeolitsrrind cocoa filter, zeolite+clay
filter, zeolitsl-rind cocoa+clay filter attenperanres of
a.7fi)oC; b. 8000C; c. 900PC
Figure 3 shows that tbe watcr vapor adsorption uns influenced
by the material actination and modification on watcr vapor
filter. The optimal hydrogen gas reading reached 1([% was
shown on the zeolit+cocoa rind+clay filter on the 7000C
tc{rperatre. Ard the zeolit filter sn ths ?00qC te,speranre
mly reached M.57n/o as tb lowes-tresutt of te hydrogsn gas
rcading. So, lhe cmdification of zeolit + cocoa rfud + clay
cordd increase tln adsorptiu att'lity of the water v4or filter
because cocoa rid contaiad pectin Pectin is a biosorbent
$ouroe t19l ad clay as the adsonbentuilich has a high im
excbmge ability. This is bocilrss clay coeins silica md
aluminiumuruurc.
Thc rssutt of adsmpion ts$t from Figrre 3 shows tbt tlrc
wd€r vryor filter which rlas activatcd m tk teryoanue of
E0SC hd a bercr ability in adsorbing water v"dporcomparing
of thse
90fC.
Bwnse
with thc teryeretrne of
+ clay,
+
dnd
zeolit
cocoa
based
on
terp€rdfirr€,s, the filter
can
thd
&€
filtff
lt
means
had a good Sility in adsoftitrg.
gas.
Thoss
poss
hydrogen
&e
adso$ drc water vapor and
t€ry€rafurcs made tte pues of &e u/anerYapor filts widctl
and had a high ability in adsorbing ano$cr rmterials zuch as
fluid mdgas-
SEM Anelydr
950
5ro
6n
t|t
10
0
0
t0
{o
60 &} tw ll0
(b)
S/aner vapo filter Scanning Electrm Microscqe (SEfvf)
anatysis whirh is based on zmlit + cacao rid + clay at the
temp€raor€ ?OdC, 8004C and 9009C is aimed to krew tlrc
mo,rphologf ditrerences ktween &e tbreo tery€rattne- Figure
4 slrows lhe difr€r€nb of the SEM wat€r rryor filter's result
wi& the variation tenpffitrlrs at ?000C, S00qC md qnsC.
Tb€ SBM analysis was done at Main Forensic Laboratory cf
3916
InternationalJournalof Applied EngineeringResearchISSN 09734562 Volume 12,Number 13 (201?) pp. 3914-3918
O ResearchIndia Publications. http:/lwww.ripublication.com
MabesPOLRI using SEM type EVO 50 Carl Zeiss.
The morphology of water vapor filter which was activated at
the temperahne 7000C has more distributed pores compared to
the water vapor filters w*rich were activated at the tcrnperature
80dC md 900oCbecausethey didn't have enough distributed
pores. The filter which has more distributed pores would
adsorb more. This is proved by the adsorption test (Figure 3).
It can be conclude that tle optimum calcining is at fhe
teryerature 700oC- In the othsr hand, the calcining at the
t€mprahre up to 700"C starts to break the zeolit strucfire
then automatically the ability of the adsorption wiil be less.
Ratio of SilAl
The unstne anatysis was done by using EDX which is shown
on Figure 5. The zeolit + cocoa rind + clay filter on the
tsmperature of 7{X}oCreached the amount of 1.6 as the lowest
ratio of SilAl. The lorv ratio of SilAl will increaso the ability
of zeolit to adsorb more watsr vapor.
The temperature increasement will increass the mobility of
molEcule that can be adsorbed into ths pores of the filtsr filtsr
[3]. This would decreass the interaction betwesn adsorbent
and adsorbat so would sffect the adsorption ability. The
unsures which were contained in the material effectsd the
ratio of Si/Al on that material- Therefore, the filter ability in
adsorbing the water vapor is influenced by the ratio of SilAl.
5
4.5
{u
s
fE
> r<
ItoutE{rAY
r lEourlrHlD COCO*tC{AY
-
tq
1
t.5
rt
Ternper*re{tl
Figure 5: Ratio of SilAl on Various Temperanrreand
Materials Cornposition
CONCLUSION
{c)
Figure 4. The Morphology of Water Vapor Filter Basedon
Tnalit+ CacaoRind + Clay Which is Activated at The
Temperature (a) 700oC (b) 8000C (c) 9000C
The result of adsorption test shows that the filter ability in
passisg the hydrogen reached 100% in 2 horn" It was shown
in the mixtures of zeolit + cocoa rind + clay which rras burned
oa the terrperature of 70fC. The result is also supported by
the result.of SEM analysis which shows the mixhrre of zeolit
* cacao rind + clay at the temperature 700oC has more
distributed pores and the unsure cont€nts t€st result which
shows the mixtures of zeolit * cacao rind + clav at the
temperature ?00oChas the lowest Si/Al ratio.
3917
ISSN09734562Volume12,Number13(2017)pp. 3914-3918
Research
Journalof AppliedEngineering
Intsrnational
htp://www.ripublication.com
Publications.
@ResearchIndia
ACI(NOWLEDGEMENTS
Writer would tike to thankto Dirjen Dikti for the fimding on
2016 and to we4foody who has helped and supportedftis
journal, especiallyto theheadoflaboratorium TerpaduFisika
Universitasof SumateraUtara,andthe Teamof Auto Physics
UniversitasSumatraUtara(TOPUStD.
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Owabor,C.N., Ono, U.M., and Isuekwbo,A 2012.
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Clay Adsolbent Effect of Acid, Base and Salt
Modifications of Clay on Sorption Kinetic.s,
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330-335.
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OzkanF.C.,Ullu S. (2008).Diffirsion Mechanismof
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Perry RH. Green D. Perry's ChemichalEngineer's
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S. Balci, Effect of heatingand acid pre-teatmenton
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TrisunaryantiW, Shiba R, Miura lv{, Nomura lvt
NishiyamaN, Matsrkata M., Characterizationand
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V.I{. Betkum, E.M. Flanigen,P.A. Jacobs,J.C.
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Wahono,S.K., Maryana,R, Kismurtono,M., Nisa,
C.D. (2010). Modifikasi
K., dan Poeloe,ngasih,
Teolit Lokal Gunrmgkidul Sebag:di Upaya
Pmingtatan Performa Biogas Untulc Pembangkit
Ustik. ScminarRekayamKimia :14114216
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Wong WW, PhuahET, Al-Kharkhi A, Liong MT,
Nadiah, RosmaWA" EasaAM. (2008). Biosorbent
Ingradicnts from Durian Rind Waste. School of
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Wulan, S.N., 2001, Kemungkinan Pemanfaatan
Limbah Kulit Buah Kakao (TheobromaCacao,L)
SebagaiSuurberZat Pewarna@-Karoten), Jlrnal
VoL 2, No. 2:22-29.
TeknologiPertanian,
LEMBAR
IIASIL PENILAIAFI SAIAWAT SEBIDANG ATAU PEER REWEW
KARYA ILMIAH
: WRNAL ILMAII
Judul Karya Ilmiah (Attikel)
JumlahPenulis
StatusPengusul
IdentitasJumal Ilmiah
KategoriPubtikasiJurnalIlmiah
(beri { padakategoriyangtepaQ
HydrogenPurification Using Natural PahaeZeolit and CocoaRind
BasedFilter
4 Orang
PenulisPertama
IntemationalJournalof Applied
a. NamaJurnal
EngineeringResearch
b. Nomor ISSN
0973-4s62
c. Volume, nomor,bl& thn. 12,13,2017
India Publications
d. Penerbit
|esearch
e. DOI artikel
http:i/www.ripublication.com
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Reviewer1
Prof. Dr. NasrudinMN, M Eng Sc.
NIP. 19550706
198102| 002
Unit Kerja : FaktrltasMIPA USU
LEMBAR
HASIL PEI{ILAIAN SEJAWAT SABIDAITG ATAU PEEN REWEW
I TURNAL ILMAII
KARYA ILMIAH
JudulKarya Ilmiah (Artikel)
JumlahPenulis
StatusPengusul
IdentitasJumal Ilmialr
HydrogenPurification Using Nahral PahaeZeolit and CocoaRind
BasedFilter
4 Orang
PenulisPertama
a. NamaJumal
InternationalJournalof Applied
EngineeringResearch
b. NomorISSN
0973-4562
c. Vohrme,nomor,bln, tnn. 12,13,2017
d. Penerbit
ResemchIndia Publications
e. DOI artikel
f, AlamatwebJumal
h@ ://www.ripublication.com
g. Terindeksdi Scopus
Scopus
KategoriPublikasiJurnalIlmiah
(beri \t padakategoriyang tepat)
bereputasi**
Jurnallhniah NasionalTerakreditasi
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Prof.Dr. EddyMarlianto,M.Sc.
NIP. 19550317
1986011001
Unit Kerja : FakultasMIPA USU
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International |ournal o/
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EhTGIh{EERING
RESEARCH
Editor-in-Chief
Prnt. Bilal Akash
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Volurne 12, Irlumber 13 {2017t
Conrrtlrrs
Accident Detection and Response Slrstern wilh Error Avoidance
pp.3552-3565
Hochitha Vijayan, Chakshulshan Kaplas and Samhita Ganguly
FuzavjtPD cqntroller fqr"slictiqn eompensatis-Fln aaa-umatigcontrcl valvs
pp.3566-357s
Pardeep Rohilla, Vineet Kumar and Feras Al Hakkak
Pressure Dron Measurements of Oil (D8O)-Water Flgw in 6" Horizontal and Inclined
Ann u lu s Pio e
pp.3576-3s89
llehaboob Basha, Syed. ltl. Shaahid, A. Alrmad, A. H. Al-Sarkhi, Luai ll. Al-Hadhrami
Mujahld O. Elobeid, J.7. Xiao, Rafael Lastra, Chidirim E. Ejim and Saudi Aramco
CONSTRUCTION.DURATIONPREDICTION MODEL FOR RESIDENTIAL BUIID.II.I€5.I!I
SLOYAKREPUBLICSASEDON C
ON
pp.359O-3599
Daniela ltlackovaa, Jularia Kozlovskaa, Renata Baskovaa, lrlarcela Spisakovaa and Katarina
Krajnikovaa
Alglie--d.l4an-agem.qnt-9rnesrt f-o-r."a-n.Effisrex!-W5N-"tnfrastrssttlre
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.9-rsanlzrns.]!a!pp.36O9-3615
Yang-Ick Joo and llinho Park
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lrlarina Panfilova, t{ikolay Zubrev and Valentina Kashintseva
!-e$t-.€sst-tmplemedaliqnof P&Q-l:tPf-T""based-sn"--M"r-ersntfsller*PlclgEgzzA
pp.3622-3630
Irlhamed Rebhi, Ali Benatiallah and l{ebrouk Sellam
AS-tsdy oq-Mpdellngaad eonlr-ollrrrq"Eead tteieh-t iq-tLelRebdls_qf,lAJUeldlnspB.3631-3638
liarina Panfilova, llikolay Zubrev and Yalentina Kashintseva
Connec_tionof Odkvist Parameter and Values of Microhardness when Hardening by Plastic
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OlgaY, Pilipenko, SerEey Y. Radchenko, Daniil O. Dorohov, Igor'lrl. Glyadunov
Zuhaira Muhammad Zain
Design Concept of Strengtheu and Abilitv Developn0ent at Naval Oneration/ Information
Svstem to Supporting Archlpelagic Sea Defence Strateoy
pp.3894-3903
I Nengah Putra A,' Abdul Hakim, Sholeh H. Pramono and Amin S, Leksono
A Studv on €haracteristics of Automotive Electromagnetic Control Valve(ECV)
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Uiro Park and Haengmuk Cho
Tru"*t*Eval$atiqn:Scheme.fqr €leqd Date €eqqrity usinq Fgzzy based Approach
pp.39O8-3913
l.luthusenthil Balasubrmanian and Hyunsung Kim
tlvdresen l"unfie.at-isn-Usrsg,UaturaLP*alrae*agek!"end€ecaa
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Groundwater and Dependent Ecosvstems: Revealing the fmoacts of Climate Change
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Kook and linman Kim
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Seniqr.s^jn t he Szes_h"Be p ublic_ and _Uedernltrf aln0 ati a n Teshno too i es
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Pala David, Lukas Urbancok and Ivan Kovar
UErnq.-efhputs €rld Qutp.utsggMisra'qqntqqll€rs Raspb-qr-rran_d_Arduinq
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lulichal Sustek, iliroslav ltlarcanik and Zdenek Urednicek
Hidden CP-ABEto EnhaFce Patient Data Privacy_inSmart Healthcare Systerns
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Simulation of Auxe-ticBehavior in Planar Random Steel Fiber Networks
InternationalJournalof Applied EngineeringResearchISSN 09734562 Volume 12,Number 13 (2017) pp. 3914-3918
@ ResearchIndia Fublications. htp://www.ripublication.com
Ilydrogen Purification Using Natural Pahae Zeolit and Cocoa Rind Based
Filter
Susilawatiu, Tulus Ikhsan Nasutionrlbo Fynnisa Zebuaa"ollamonrngan Nainggolana*
lDepartnent of Physics, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Universitas Stwatera Utara, Medan 20155,
Sumatera Utara, fndonesia.
zlaboratory of Penelitian Terpadu, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
sCivil Engineering, Fqcalty of Ensineeing" Universitas Asahan, Kkqran, Indanesia.
aChemistryDepartment,FacvltyofMathematicandNaturalScience,Universitas SwnateraUtara,Medan20ISS,
Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
bil:hsan_05@yahoo.com;
osusilawati.TI2T4@yahoo.com;
"finnisa@yahoo.co.id;"hanonangan@tsu.ac.id
which is produced by electrolysis is more be,neficalbecauseit
is cheaper,faster and there is no chemical added- But, beside
hydrogen and orygen, there is water molecule which is come
from the dwiding process as the impact of the water
terryerature increasment. One of &e effort in order to
maximize the production of pure hydroge,n is by using a
potsntial adsorbent as the watervapor filter.
Abstract
The water vapor filter was fabricated from combination of
natural pahae zeolit, clay, and cocoa rind by a chemical
reaction and followed by heating priocess at various
ternperatrres of 7$0C, 8fi)qC, and 900"C, respectively. The
filter was used to puri$ hydrog€Nrgas which was produccd
from an electrolysis process by adsorbing water vapor. The
result showed that the optimal heating terysrature was at
70OoCwherc the filter could adsorb wat€r vapor until l00p/o.
Comparing to another compositions, the addition of clay and
rind cmoa showed the significant increase in water vapor
adsorttioq the filters based on natural pahae zeolit 44.5'lo/o,
natural pahae zeolit + clay and natural pahae zeolit + cocoa
rind evideirced 51.81% nnd 47.31o/o,respectivcly. Thereforc,
the water vapor filter bascd on the combination of natural
pahae zeolit + clay + cocoa rind was the most suitable
composition to prifyhydrogen gas.
Coryaring to another adsorbent zuch as active carbon and
silica gel, zeolit is more interesting to be used as a filter
because it hes s high efectivity of adsorption Fll. Zeolite is
alumino-silicate conpound with tetah€dxal bomd linked by
oxygcn. Atom Al is negatif tbat can be neralized by cationThe exchangable cation affests the adsorption ability of
zeolite. Beside that the ability is also influenced by Si/Al
ratio, surface are4 and size od zeolitc pore [3]. Thc porous
structure of zeolite with many channels and cavities makes
zeolite becomesone of potential sorbent materials with higbly
surhce area [14.
Keywords: Hydmgeir Purification, $/ater Vapour Filter,
Natural PahaeZeolit, Rind Cocoa, Clay.
r
INTROI'UCTION
Nowadays, the world is in the srisis of ensgy. The crisis is
caused by human vfoo using fuel aod gas in a large amount.
Before facing the worst version of the energy crisis, we have
to find the alternative energy sowce which can be renew&bleHydrogen is one of the alteirnativeenergy ufrich gets a special
attention from many countries. Especially from the upper
class country. The de,mand for cleaner €oergy has incited
geater intcrest in hydrogen enef,gy as it offers a zuperior
alternative to conventional fossil fuel combustion, thanks to
its high fiergy density pl, highs energy conversion
efficicncy and its eirvironmental friendly naturs [6]. Cunent
H2 production mctfrods include, stcam-mcthane rcforming,
coal gasificatiorq watsr-electrolysis etc. [7]. The hydrogen
39t4
The previous research [0] showed that the filt€rbased on the
natural pahae zeolit could be done a good adsorption to the
water vapor. To optimize the perforrrance of the filter
adsorption, the natural pahae zeolit was mixed witi the cocoa
rind and clay. Bofr are drosen because there are a large
amount ofcocoa rinds and clay stock- In Indonesia, the cocoa
rind is useless.But if wc want to o'ptimize the value added of
the cocoa rfu{ it can be used to produce pectin. The
conryonent structure of pectin contains many active cluster so
the pectia can be ussd as &e source of bioadsorbent [9]. Ia
the ofher hand clay is the important pait in the ground which,
trA nantratly the polrilion tbat flows by wafcr on {he surface
or ia the pound by the the process of adsorbing or the ion
exchanging, The factors that make clay as an adsorbentare the
large specific surfrce, stabel by the chemical or mcchanical,
various surface structwe, and the high cqpability of ion
exchange [2].
InternationalJournalof AppliedEngineeringResearchISSN09734562Volume 12,Number13(2017)pp. 3914-3918
O ResearchIndia Publications.htQ://wwwriprblication-com
RESEARCT METODOLOGY
Zeolit€sare the bestadsffb€r for the adsorptionprocess[14].
The zeoliteutilization as adsorb dueto tre porousstnrcture,
molecular sieve and absorbingability for small molecules
zuchas water which can €ntcr tre zeolite [4]. Modifications
of the natural zeolite are needsto be done to impmve their
performnce beforeusedasan adsortent.Thereolitesshowed
better perforrnancein crystallinity and acidity after treat€d
\dthHCl [16].
The materialaf,enaturalpahaezeolit from TarutungTryanuli
Utara, cocoarind from Desa JahanmDeli Serdangand the
clay from DesaWonosariLubuk PakamDeli Serdang.Based
on the pevious rsearcbfhe sizeofnatural pahaezeolit cocoa
1l {r ardtl$gHqs
rind and the clay was 20O mesh [0]. Separately, Pahaez.eolit
and clay were activatcd by soaking them into a chemical
procoss in HzSOr 6oi fortwo hourusing mapetic stirrer and
hot plate. ASer th€
nafiral pahae zeolit cocoa
rind and clay were mixed with the variation lWo:ff/o:V/o,
95Yo:5Yo:V/o,95Ya:V/o:5Yo,Wo:S%o:So/o.Their, put the result
into tbe mold and pressed with a hidrolic under 3 tons
pressure for l0 minutes. The saryle which had been molded
was activated with tbe emp€raorres ?00&C, 800qC, and
90dC. 1[s sample which had been activated had to be test€d
mechanically to know it's adsorption ability and to lmow it's
ability in adsorbing the water vapor. The test of $raf€r vapor
adsorbing was by putting the filtcr on the chamber which had
beeir connectedwitfr a hydrogen sensor(Figure l).
rF!
gbntDrg,tlem
Fo..;rr SrFFl
tl rad*
{:9r
cr|Gl
nbc'rrsde
,.'i ll{!l
H *a r d
HOge83et
Figurc l: Scherc of WaterVryor Filter Adsoqgim Test
cocoa rind contains a lot of hard fiber [20] and when the
mixture of zeolit + clay was bumed on tbe teryerature of
7000C,there urcre rnor€ por€s on the filter.
ANALYSIS AI\ID DISCUSSION
Herdnesr Test
Mechanical test was done to know how hard the water vapor
filter. The result can be seen on Figure 2. Figure 2 shows that
the hardness was based on the materials coryotition and the
acfiration temperatur€ which were used in making the filter.
Ths hardest filtpr is shown on the filter of zeolit + clay on the
t€rnp€mture of 90dC and dre sft t€xtufe is shown on the
filter of zeolit + cocoa rind on the tempsrsture of 700qC.
Therefore, the addition of clay on zeolit incrcased the
hardness ofthe filter because clay had a high chemical and
mechanicalstability [t2J- Beside that clay is soil which size
is microscopic *nd submicroscopic, so u&ile it was mixed
wi& zeol( clay could fill &e zeolit's pores. This rnade the
mixtures of zeolit + clay more solid" Clay will be so hard
when it is dry and plastically by the mix of some water. When
it is mixed by a lot of water it wilt be sticky (cohesive) nnd so
soft, so in the tenperature of 9(X)0C the filter shows the
highestlwel of hardness.
In the other ban4 the addition of cocoa rind on zeolit
decrcasedthe hrdness level of the filter. This is becausethe
The result of the hardness test on zeolit filter shows a bad
level ofhardness. It is becausethere were physical activation
and modification on the filter [8]. The hardnesslevel of the
filter would be fine when the zeolit filter was giveir the higlr
tenperature. And the addition of another material which
contained different urxrure decreased the hardness lwel of
zeolit + cocoa rind. In such compositiorl zeolit contained a lot
of silica and aluminium. In fhe olher hand, cocoa rind doesn't
contain such rmsure. But by adding another material wtrich
contains the same unsure will make the hardnesslevel better
likc the zeolit + clay filter which both contain sitica and
aluildnium.
The zeolit + crocoarind + clay filt€r lnd a beter har&ress
lwel coryaring to the zeolit * cocoa rind filter. This is
bocause th6re was material modifistion where zeolit+cocoa
rind as the matrix and the filler had a different unsure mixed
with clay which hadthe same unsiurewith zeolit.
3915
I
ISSN 09734562Volume12,Number13(2017)pp. 3914-3918
Research
Joumalof AppliedEngineering
International
http://www.ripublication.com
Publications.
India
@Research
10
61.19
t*sz
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€
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nd&
t*rid€
3 m,m
rd.{dry
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-{-Uroft.fidC..fl&l
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0"
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2{t rto 60 80 100 120
(c)
Adcorpfion Test
An Adsorption test is a test where a certain molecule is caught
from fluid on the solid surface (adso6ent). The result of water
vapor adsorption is identified from the hy&ogen sensor where
the sensor is very sensitive of the water vapor (if there is
water vapor which passes the sensor, the sensor will not be
able to read the increas,ementamount of the hydrogen).
Figruc 3 is the rcsult of the hydrcgcn sensor's rcading on
wat€r vapor filter on the t€mperature of 7000C, 800QC, and
9000c
--**1.!l
--+-r.NHt&.
aL{1
#,ii:.11
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--+-
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{mirrrel
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{a)
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*26
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!ro
Figurc 3. Concenfation of hydrogen gas s€ltssr a$ a fimction
of time for zeolite filter, zeolitsrrind cocoa filter, zeolite+clay
filter, zeolitsl-rind cocoa+clay filter attenperanres of
a.7fi)oC; b. 8000C; c. 900PC
Figure 3 shows that tbe watcr vapor adsorption uns influenced
by the material actination and modification on watcr vapor
filter. The optimal hydrogen gas reading reached 1([% was
shown on the zeolit+cocoa rind+clay filter on the 7000C
tc{rperatre. Ard the zeolit filter sn ths ?00qC te,speranre
mly reached M.57n/o as tb lowes-tresutt of te hydrogsn gas
rcading. So, lhe cmdification of zeolit + cocoa rfud + clay
cordd increase tln adsorptiu att'lity of the water v4or filter
because cocoa rid contaiad pectin Pectin is a biosorbent
$ouroe t19l ad clay as the adsonbentuilich has a high im
excbmge ability. This is bocilrss clay coeins silica md
aluminiumuruurc.
Thc rssutt of adsmpion ts$t from Figrre 3 shows tbt tlrc
wd€r vryor filter which rlas activatcd m tk teryoanue of
E0SC hd a bercr ability in adsorbing water v"dporcomparing
of thse
90fC.
Bwnse
with thc teryeretrne of
+ clay,
+
dnd
zeolit
cocoa
based
on
terp€rdfirr€,s, the filter
can
thd
&€
filtff
lt
means
had a good Sility in adsoftitrg.
gas.
Thoss
poss
hydrogen
&e
adso$ drc water vapor and
t€ry€rafurcs made tte pues of &e u/anerYapor filts widctl
and had a high ability in adsorbing ano$cr rmterials zuch as
fluid mdgas-
SEM Anelydr
950
5ro
6n
t|t
10
0
0
t0
{o
60 &} tw ll0
(b)
S/aner vapo filter Scanning Electrm Microscqe (SEfvf)
anatysis whirh is based on zmlit + cacao rid + clay at the
temp€raor€ ?OdC, 8004C and 9009C is aimed to krew tlrc
mo,rphologf ditrerences ktween &e tbreo tery€rattne- Figure
4 slrows lhe difr€r€nb of the SEM wat€r rryor filter's result
wi& the variation tenpffitrlrs at ?000C, S00qC md qnsC.
Tb€ SBM analysis was done at Main Forensic Laboratory cf
3916
InternationalJournalof Applied EngineeringResearchISSN 09734562 Volume 12,Number 13 (201?) pp. 3914-3918
O ResearchIndia Publications. http:/lwww.ripublication.com
MabesPOLRI using SEM type EVO 50 Carl Zeiss.
The morphology of water vapor filter which was activated at
the temperahne 7000C has more distributed pores compared to
the water vapor filters w*rich were activated at the tcrnperature
80dC md 900oCbecausethey didn't have enough distributed
pores. The filter which has more distributed pores would
adsorb more. This is proved by the adsorption test (Figure 3).
It can be conclude that tle optimum calcining is at fhe
teryerature 700oC- In the othsr hand, the calcining at the
t€mprahre up to 700"C starts to break the zeolit strucfire
then automatically the ability of the adsorption wiil be less.
Ratio of SilAl
The unstne anatysis was done by using EDX which is shown
on Figure 5. The zeolit + cocoa rind + clay filter on the
tsmperature of 7{X}oCreached the amount of 1.6 as the lowest
ratio of SilAl. The lorv ratio of SilAl will increaso the ability
of zeolit to adsorb more watsr vapor.
The temperature increasement will increass the mobility of
molEcule that can be adsorbed into ths pores of the filtsr filtsr
[3]. This would decreass the interaction betwesn adsorbent
and adsorbat so would sffect the adsorption ability. The
unsures which were contained in the material effectsd the
ratio of Si/Al on that material- Therefore, the filter ability in
adsorbing the water vapor is influenced by the ratio of SilAl.
5
4.5
{u
s
fE
> r<
ItoutE{rAY
r lEourlrHlD COCO*tC{AY
-
tq
1
t.5
rt
Ternper*re{tl
Figure 5: Ratio of SilAl on Various Temperanrreand
Materials Cornposition
CONCLUSION
{c)
Figure 4. The Morphology of Water Vapor Filter Basedon
Tnalit+ CacaoRind + Clay Which is Activated at The
Temperature (a) 700oC (b) 8000C (c) 9000C
The result of adsorption test shows that the filter ability in
passisg the hydrogen reached 100% in 2 horn" It was shown
in the mixtures of zeolit + cocoa rind + clay which rras burned
oa the terrperature of 70fC. The result is also supported by
the result.of SEM analysis which shows the mixhrre of zeolit
* cacao rind + clay at the temperature 700oC has more
distributed pores and the unsure cont€nts t€st result which
shows the mixtures of zeolit * cacao rind + clav at the
temperature ?00oChas the lowest Si/Al ratio.
3917
ISSN09734562Volume12,Number13(2017)pp. 3914-3918
Research
Journalof AppliedEngineering
Intsrnational
htp://www.ripublication.com
Publications.
@ResearchIndia
ACI(NOWLEDGEMENTS
Writer would tike to thankto Dirjen Dikti for the fimding on
2016 and to we4foody who has helped and supportedftis
journal, especiallyto theheadoflaboratorium TerpaduFisika
Universitasof SumateraUtara,andthe Teamof Auto Physics
UniversitasSumatraUtara(TOPUStD.
REI.ERENCES
lll
Ackley M.W.,'Rege S.U." Sarena H. (2003).
Applicati on of Natural Zeolite.sin The Purification
and Separationof Gases,JournalMicroporousand
MesoporousMaterials6l : 2542.
I2l
Bhattacharyya I(G. and Gtrytc S.S. (2006).
Kaolinite" Montmotillonite, and Their Modified
Derivatives as Adsorbene for Removal of Cu(II)
from a Aqueous Solution. Separation and
PurificationTechnologr,50,pp. 388-397.
t3]
Bonenfan! D., Kharorme, M., Niquette, P.,
Mimeault, M., Hausler, R, 2008, Advances in
Principal Fastor$ Influencing Ca$on Dioxide
Adsorptionon Zeolite;Sci. Teclmol.Adv. Mater9'
I4l
Bussmann.Drying of food and food ingredientswith
zeolite. TNO Environment, Energy and Frocess
Inovation;20O0.
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GnrszkiewicsM.S., Simonson,J'M., Burchell,T.D.n
Cole D.R. (2005).\rfater Adsorptionand Desolption
on Micropomus Solids at Elevated Tqeratwe,
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 8l:
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L. Carrett€,I(A Fri€dricb U. Sttunming Fuel cells:
principles, t14res, firels, and applications,
I (2000)162-193.
ChemPhysChem
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M. Balat, Potential irryortance of hydrogen as a
future solution to enYirotrmentaland transportation
problerns,Inl J. Hydrog. Energy 33 (2008) 40134029.
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L. Storarq
M. Lenarda,M. Da Ros,M. Casagrade,
R, Gauzeda,Post-syntheticthermal and chemical
treatuentsof H-BEA zeolite:effectson the catalytic
activity, Inorg.chim. Aat^349 (affi3) 195*202.
t9l
M- Wint€r,RJ. Brod4 What Are ba$eries,fuel cells,
Chem.Rev. lM (20{.J/.)4245and supetcapacitors?,
4270.
tl0l
Nasution,T.I., Susilawati.,?x;bu4 F., Nainggolan'
H., andNainggolaaI. (2015).Manufactureof Water
VapourFiltsr Bas€don Natural PahasZcolite Used
for Hldrogen Fueled Motor Cycle. Appli€d
MehanicsandMaterialsVol 75a-755(2015).
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Newsam.1991.7-eolitesdalam
Solid Sta(eChemishi
A.K.Oxford: CarindonPress.
Compounds.
[12]
Owabor,C.N., Ono, U.M., and Isuekwbo,A 2012.
EnhancedSorptionof Naphthaleneonto a Modified
Clay Adsolbent Effect of Acid, Base and Salt
Modifications of Clay on Sorption Kinetic.s,
Advancesin ChemicalEngineeringand Science,2:
330-335.
[3]
OzkanF.C.,Ullu S. (2008).Diffirsion Mechanismof
Water Vapour in A Zeolitic Tuff Rich in
Clinoptilolite, Joumal of Thermal Analysis and
Calorimetry94: 699-7O2.
[14]
Perry RH. Green D. Perry's ChemichalEngineer's
Hand Booh 6th edition New Yor*: McGraw Hill
BookCorpany lnc; 1997.
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S. Balci, Effect of heatingand acid pre-teatmenton
pore size distnlbutionof sepiolite, Clay Miner. 34
(reeg)&74s5.
[16]
TrisunaryantiW, Shiba R, Miura lv{, Nomura lvt
NishiyamaN, Matsrkata M., Characterizationand
modificationof lndonesiannaturalzeolitesandtheir
propertiesfor hydrocrackingof a paraffin.J JpnPetr
Inst1996,1,20-2.5.
tl7l
V.I{. Betkum, E.M. Flanigen,P.A. Jacobs,J.C.
Jansen,Intrroductionto Zeolite Scienced Practice,
2ndreviseded.Elsevier,Amst€rdam,1991.
t18]
Wahono,S.K., Maryana,R, Kismurtono,M., Nisa,
C.D. (2010). Modifikasi
K., dan Poeloe,ngasih,
Teolit Lokal Gunrmgkidul Sebag:di Upaya
Pmingtatan Performa Biogas Untulc Pembangkit
Ustik. ScminarRekayamKimia :14114216
tlgl
Wong WW, PhuahET, Al-Kharkhi A, Liong MT,
Nadiah, RosmaWA" EasaAM. (2008). Biosorbent
Ingradicnts from Durian Rind Waste. School of
Industial Technology.University $ains Malaysia.
Penang.
[20]
Wulan, S.N., 2001, Kemungkinan Pemanfaatan
Limbah Kulit Buah Kakao (TheobromaCacao,L)
SebagaiSuurberZat Pewarna@-Karoten), Jlrnal
VoL 2, No. 2:22-29.
TeknologiPertanian,
LEMBAR
IIASIL PENILAIAFI SAIAWAT SEBIDANG ATAU PEER REWEW
KARYA ILMIAH
: WRNAL ILMAII
Judul Karya Ilmiah (Attikel)
JumlahPenulis
StatusPengusul
IdentitasJumal Ilmiah
KategoriPubtikasiJurnalIlmiah
(beri { padakategoriyangtepaQ
HydrogenPurification Using Natural PahaeZeolit and CocoaRind
BasedFilter
4 Orang
PenulisPertama
IntemationalJournalof Applied
a. NamaJurnal
EngineeringResearch
b. Nomor ISSN
0973-4s62
c. Volume, nomor,bl& thn. 12,13,2017
India Publications
d. Penerbit
|esearch
e. DOI artikel
http:i/www.ripublication.com
f. Alamat web Junral
g. Terindeksdi Scopus
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Medaq Agustus 2017
Reviewer1
Prof. Dr. NasrudinMN, M Eng Sc.
NIP. 19550706
198102| 002
Unit Kerja : FaktrltasMIPA USU
LEMBAR
HASIL PEI{ILAIAN SEJAWAT SABIDAITG ATAU PEEN REWEW
I TURNAL ILMAII
KARYA ILMIAH
JudulKarya Ilmiah (Artikel)
JumlahPenulis
StatusPengusul
IdentitasJumal Ilmialr
HydrogenPurification Using Nahral PahaeZeolit and CocoaRind
BasedFilter
4 Orang
PenulisPertama
a. NamaJumal
InternationalJournalof Applied
EngineeringResearch
b. NomorISSN
0973-4562
c. Vohrme,nomor,bln, tnn. 12,13,2017
d. Penerbit
ResemchIndia Publications
e. DOI artikel
f, AlamatwebJumal
h@ ://www.ripublication.com
g. Terindeksdi Scopus
Scopus
KategoriPublikasiJurnalIlmiah
(beri \t padakategoriyang tepat)
bereputasi**
Jurnallhniah NasionalTerakreditasi
l-l
furnat lkniatr NasionallNasionalterindeksdi DOAJ,CABI,COPERNICUS**
Hasil penilaianPeerReview:
Komponen
Yang Dinilai
I
Nihi Malcimal Jurnal Ilmiah
Internasional
Nasionsl
Nasional***
Terrkrcditasi
a. Kelengkapanunsurisi artikel (tOolo)
b. Ruanglingkup dan kedalaman
pembahasan(3trlo)
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/informasi dan metodologi(30%)
d. Kelengkapan unsurdan kualitas
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2
---
Prof.Dr. EddyMarlianto,M.Sc.
NIP. 19550317
1986011001
Unit Kerja : FakultasMIPA USU