INTRODUCTION STRUGGLE FOR BEING A FAIR LAWYER REFLECTED IN VINA DELMAR’S BELOVED: AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
No body is perfect. God never creates human in perfect condition.
There are some weaknesses as human being. But people must believe that
behind their weaknesses, they have power or abilities to do something, to
reach the goal in the future. People will always do the best for the best.
Everyone wants to be honored by his/her family, society, and
environment. Sometimes with their weaknesses or disabilities, people will
never admit them. This condition makes them feel unconfident, even inferior.
There are some efforts done by people in order to be honored by the society
which give someone happiness, as the goal in their life. Man is motivated by
his/her expectations of the future and experiences of the past. All of the people
want to be better, from minus to plus, from bellow to above, from
incompletion to perfection, and from inability to capability in facing the
problems of life.
Every human being has the same goal that is superiority or success.
The goal is fictional because it has no objective existence. To get or to reach
the goal, people will always strive to get it. There are numerable ways of
striving for this goal. For example; someone who has physical disabilities tries
to be more confident by mastering foreign language as the way to over throw
his/her weaknesses feeling. One who feels hungry will strive to get food.
1
2
He/she will do everything to get it. Besides, someone will use unfair or dirty
ways to reach the goal. For example someone accuses the rival, as a thief, and
then another believes the story, so the society will hate her/him. Although
he/she wins the competition, it is not fair because he or she uses the wrong
way. Another way is to spread untrue story about someone or open her/his bad
past experiences, so the society will give bad impression. It will be hard to get
honest people. In addition, every human being strives to get what he/she
wants. Our behavior is guided by our perception of our fictional goal in life.
Although our fictional goals have no objective existence, they give enormous
influence on our strivings for superiority, perfection, and unity.
This phenomenon is not only found in surrounding, but also in literary
works, such as novels, poems, short story, and another literary works. The
author who describes the struggle to reach the future, as a fair lawyer is Vina
Delmar whose birth name was Eugene Delmars. She is an American author
who birth on 29 January 1905 and death on 19 January 1990.She writes a lot
of books, among the lists are Contemporary Authors: Biography-Delmar,
Vina (croter) (1905-1990); Kept Woman (1929); Loose Ladies (Jan 2004); The
Becker Scandal,: A Time Remembered (1968); The Kept Woman (1967); New
Orleans Lady (1949); Mc Keever (1976); Grandmere (1967); The Free Ways
(1971); Readers’s Digest Condensed Books (spring selection, vol 2) (1956); A
Time For Titans (1974); The Big Family; Strangers In Love (1951); and Bad
Girl (1928).
3
One of the Vina Delmar’s works, which relates with the struggle to be
“someone” who fair, has great loyalty, is "Beloved". Beloved is published in
the first time in May, 1958. This novel gets good response from the readers.
Beside that, this novel has unique story. It can be seen from the plot, theme,
setting, and conflict, which occur in this novel. This novel has 414 pages and
9 chapters.
Beloved tells about Judah Benjamin, a lawyer who becoming a
politician, and has position in the confederacy and was known for his intellect.
While he was a young, he studied at Yale but he did not finish, because he
accused as a thief. He told to Mr. President Day that it was not true, but no
body believes it. Finally he worked to Mr. Stringer’s law office as a secretary.
He introduced to another great lawyer who becomes his partner. He is an
important figure in the days of civil war. He is a lawyer in the early south that
falls in love with Creole woman named Natalie, and marries her.
Unfortunately, she is consistently unfaithful while he is busy making a name
for himself in local and United States government. Finally he becomes a great
lawyer and succeeds in his life.
Based on the reason above, researcher is interested in analyzing the
main character’s struggle that strive being a fair lawyer. This study will be
analyzed by using Alfred Adler’s individual psychological theory.
Furthermore, the researcher does the research paper entitled “STRUGGLE
FOR BEING A GREAT LAWYER REFLECTED IN VINA DELMAR’S
BELOVED: AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH”
4
B. Literary Review
As far as the researcher knows, there is no other researchers who have
been conducted to study Beloved by Vina Delmar, at least among the students
of university in the neighborhood, especially in Surakarta scope (Sebelas
Maret University and Muhammadiyah University) and some universities in
Yogyakarta, and Semarang.
C. Problem Statement
The problem of this study is how Judah Philip Benjamin’s struggle
being a fair lawyer is reflected in Vina Delmar’s Beloved.
D. Objective of the Study
The objectives of the study are:
1. To analyze the novel based on it’s structural elements
2. To analyze the main character based on individual psychological approach
E. Benefit of the Study
The benefits of the study are:
1. Theoretical Benefit
This study is expected to contribute to the knowledge development,
particularly the literary study on Vina Delmar’s Beloved.
5
2. Practical Benefit
This study is expected to give deeper understanding about the
novel, especially from the aspect of individual psychology and gives input
to the other researchers who are interested in analyzing Delmar’s Beloved.
F. Research Method
1. Type of Study
This research is qualitative study, which takes the sources of data from
words and another written text.
2. Type of the Data and the Data Source
This consist of two data sources
a. Primary data source
The primary data source is the novel itself, Beloved written by Vina
Delmar.
b. Secondary data source
This data are taken from other sources, which are related to the
primary data such as the books, fiction study books, and the website in
internet that support the analysis.
3. Technique of the Data Collection
The method of collecting data is library research. There are some
techniques of data collection:
a. Reading the novel many times until the researcher gets adequate
information or data to analyze.
6
b. Identifying a particular part considered important and relevant for the
analysis.
c. Making note of the important parts in both primary and secondary
data.
d. Classifying the data into some categories
e. Selecting, and then rejecting the irrelevant matters, which do not
support the topic of the study.
f. Drawing conclusion based on the analyzing data.
4. Technique of the Data Analysis
In analyzing the data, the researcher uses descriptive technique. It is used
to describe the elements of the novel and make some understanding toward
the novel.
G. Research Paper Organization
This research paper is divided into five chapters. It is started with first
chapter that comprise the background of the study, literary review, problem
statement, and objective of the study, benefit of the study, research method,
and research paper organization. The second chapter is underlying theory. The
third chapter presents the structural analysis of the novel, which involves the
character and characterization, plot, setting and style. The fourth chapter
presents individual psychological analysis and its application in analyzing
Delmar’s Beloved. The fifth chapter deals with conclusion and suggestion for
this study.
7
CHAPTER II
UNDERLYING THEORY
This chapter discusses the underlying theory that supports the discussion
of this research paper. In analyzing the problem, the researcher uses individual
psychological approach, particularly Alfred Adler's theory. It can be used as the
theoretical framework for analyzing the character's personality.
In order to make the theory easier to understand, the researcher provides
some aspects of the theory. The explanation consists of notion of individual
psychology the basic assumption of individual psychology and theoretical
application.
A. Notion of Individual Psychology
Alfred Adler is the founder of individual psychological theory. He was
born on February 7, 1870, in Rudolfsheim, Vienna. He was the second son of
a middle-class Jewish grain merchant. On May 28, 1937, Alder died of a heart
attack in Aberdeen, Scotland, while on one of his lecture tours (Feist, 1985:
61-63).
Individual psychology is a science that attempts to understand the
experiences and behavior of each person as an organized entity (Adler in
Ryckman 1985: 95). He adds that the major purpose of personality theory
should be in affecting change toward more psychologically healthy behavior
(in Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992:141).
7
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
No body is perfect. God never creates human in perfect condition.
There are some weaknesses as human being. But people must believe that
behind their weaknesses, they have power or abilities to do something, to
reach the goal in the future. People will always do the best for the best.
Everyone wants to be honored by his/her family, society, and
environment. Sometimes with their weaknesses or disabilities, people will
never admit them. This condition makes them feel unconfident, even inferior.
There are some efforts done by people in order to be honored by the society
which give someone happiness, as the goal in their life. Man is motivated by
his/her expectations of the future and experiences of the past. All of the people
want to be better, from minus to plus, from bellow to above, from
incompletion to perfection, and from inability to capability in facing the
problems of life.
Every human being has the same goal that is superiority or success.
The goal is fictional because it has no objective existence. To get or to reach
the goal, people will always strive to get it. There are numerable ways of
striving for this goal. For example; someone who has physical disabilities tries
to be more confident by mastering foreign language as the way to over throw
his/her weaknesses feeling. One who feels hungry will strive to get food.
1
2
He/she will do everything to get it. Besides, someone will use unfair or dirty
ways to reach the goal. For example someone accuses the rival, as a thief, and
then another believes the story, so the society will hate her/him. Although
he/she wins the competition, it is not fair because he or she uses the wrong
way. Another way is to spread untrue story about someone or open her/his bad
past experiences, so the society will give bad impression. It will be hard to get
honest people. In addition, every human being strives to get what he/she
wants. Our behavior is guided by our perception of our fictional goal in life.
Although our fictional goals have no objective existence, they give enormous
influence on our strivings for superiority, perfection, and unity.
This phenomenon is not only found in surrounding, but also in literary
works, such as novels, poems, short story, and another literary works. The
author who describes the struggle to reach the future, as a fair lawyer is Vina
Delmar whose birth name was Eugene Delmars. She is an American author
who birth on 29 January 1905 and death on 19 January 1990.She writes a lot
of books, among the lists are Contemporary Authors: Biography-Delmar,
Vina (croter) (1905-1990); Kept Woman (1929); Loose Ladies (Jan 2004); The
Becker Scandal,: A Time Remembered (1968); The Kept Woman (1967); New
Orleans Lady (1949); Mc Keever (1976); Grandmere (1967); The Free Ways
(1971); Readers’s Digest Condensed Books (spring selection, vol 2) (1956); A
Time For Titans (1974); The Big Family; Strangers In Love (1951); and Bad
Girl (1928).
3
One of the Vina Delmar’s works, which relates with the struggle to be
“someone” who fair, has great loyalty, is "Beloved". Beloved is published in
the first time in May, 1958. This novel gets good response from the readers.
Beside that, this novel has unique story. It can be seen from the plot, theme,
setting, and conflict, which occur in this novel. This novel has 414 pages and
9 chapters.
Beloved tells about Judah Benjamin, a lawyer who becoming a
politician, and has position in the confederacy and was known for his intellect.
While he was a young, he studied at Yale but he did not finish, because he
accused as a thief. He told to Mr. President Day that it was not true, but no
body believes it. Finally he worked to Mr. Stringer’s law office as a secretary.
He introduced to another great lawyer who becomes his partner. He is an
important figure in the days of civil war. He is a lawyer in the early south that
falls in love with Creole woman named Natalie, and marries her.
Unfortunately, she is consistently unfaithful while he is busy making a name
for himself in local and United States government. Finally he becomes a great
lawyer and succeeds in his life.
Based on the reason above, researcher is interested in analyzing the
main character’s struggle that strive being a fair lawyer. This study will be
analyzed by using Alfred Adler’s individual psychological theory.
Furthermore, the researcher does the research paper entitled “STRUGGLE
FOR BEING A GREAT LAWYER REFLECTED IN VINA DELMAR’S
BELOVED: AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH”
4
B. Literary Review
As far as the researcher knows, there is no other researchers who have
been conducted to study Beloved by Vina Delmar, at least among the students
of university in the neighborhood, especially in Surakarta scope (Sebelas
Maret University and Muhammadiyah University) and some universities in
Yogyakarta, and Semarang.
C. Problem Statement
The problem of this study is how Judah Philip Benjamin’s struggle
being a fair lawyer is reflected in Vina Delmar’s Beloved.
D. Objective of the Study
The objectives of the study are:
1. To analyze the novel based on it’s structural elements
2. To analyze the main character based on individual psychological approach
E. Benefit of the Study
The benefits of the study are:
1. Theoretical Benefit
This study is expected to contribute to the knowledge development,
particularly the literary study on Vina Delmar’s Beloved.
5
2. Practical Benefit
This study is expected to give deeper understanding about the
novel, especially from the aspect of individual psychology and gives input
to the other researchers who are interested in analyzing Delmar’s Beloved.
F. Research Method
1. Type of Study
This research is qualitative study, which takes the sources of data from
words and another written text.
2. Type of the Data and the Data Source
This consist of two data sources
a. Primary data source
The primary data source is the novel itself, Beloved written by Vina
Delmar.
b. Secondary data source
This data are taken from other sources, which are related to the
primary data such as the books, fiction study books, and the website in
internet that support the analysis.
3. Technique of the Data Collection
The method of collecting data is library research. There are some
techniques of data collection:
a. Reading the novel many times until the researcher gets adequate
information or data to analyze.
6
b. Identifying a particular part considered important and relevant for the
analysis.
c. Making note of the important parts in both primary and secondary
data.
d. Classifying the data into some categories
e. Selecting, and then rejecting the irrelevant matters, which do not
support the topic of the study.
f. Drawing conclusion based on the analyzing data.
4. Technique of the Data Analysis
In analyzing the data, the researcher uses descriptive technique. It is used
to describe the elements of the novel and make some understanding toward
the novel.
G. Research Paper Organization
This research paper is divided into five chapters. It is started with first
chapter that comprise the background of the study, literary review, problem
statement, and objective of the study, benefit of the study, research method,
and research paper organization. The second chapter is underlying theory. The
third chapter presents the structural analysis of the novel, which involves the
character and characterization, plot, setting and style. The fourth chapter
presents individual psychological analysis and its application in analyzing
Delmar’s Beloved. The fifth chapter deals with conclusion and suggestion for
this study.
7
CHAPTER II
UNDERLYING THEORY
This chapter discusses the underlying theory that supports the discussion
of this research paper. In analyzing the problem, the researcher uses individual
psychological approach, particularly Alfred Adler's theory. It can be used as the
theoretical framework for analyzing the character's personality.
In order to make the theory easier to understand, the researcher provides
some aspects of the theory. The explanation consists of notion of individual
psychology the basic assumption of individual psychology and theoretical
application.
A. Notion of Individual Psychology
Alfred Adler is the founder of individual psychological theory. He was
born on February 7, 1870, in Rudolfsheim, Vienna. He was the second son of
a middle-class Jewish grain merchant. On May 28, 1937, Alder died of a heart
attack in Aberdeen, Scotland, while on one of his lecture tours (Feist, 1985:
61-63).
Individual psychology is a science that attempts to understand the
experiences and behavior of each person as an organized entity (Adler in
Ryckman 1985: 95). He adds that the major purpose of personality theory
should be in affecting change toward more psychologically healthy behavior
(in Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992:141).
7