UNFAVORABLE EFFECT OF MENTAL STRESS IN ARTHUR DIMMESDALE’S ROLE AS A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S UNFAVORABLE EFFECT OF MENTAL STRESS IN ARTHUR DIMMESDALE’S ROLE AS A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S NOVEL THE SCARLET LETTER (1986) ; A PSYCHOANALYTIC
UNFAVORABLE EFFECT OF MENTAL STRESS IN ARTHUR
DIMMESDALE’S ROLE AS A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S
NOVEL THE SCARLET LETTER (1986) ; A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for getting the Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
By:
APRILIANA DEWI SAPTARINI
A 320 080 086
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2011
i
APPROVAL
UNFAVORABLE EFFECT OF MENTAL STRESS IN ARTHUR
DIMMESDALE’S ROLE AS A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S
NOVEL THE SCARLET LETTER (1986) ; A PSYCHOANALYTIC
APPROACH
by
APRILIANA DEWI SAPTA RINI
A320 080 086
Approved to be examined
by Consultant Team
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed.)
NIK.772
ii
(Titis Setyabudi, S.S)
NIK.948
ACCEPTANCE
UNFAVORABLE EFFECT OF MENTAL STRESS IN ARTHUR
DIMMESDALE’S ROLE AS A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S
NOVEL THE SCARLET LETTER (1986) ; A PSYCHOANALYTIC
RESEARCH PAPER
Prepared and Arranged by :
APRILIANA DEWI SAPTA RINI
A320 080 086
Accepted by the Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta on February 2011
1. Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed
(
)
2. Titis setyabudi, S.S
(
)
3. Drs. M. Thoyibi, MS.
(
)
Dean,
(Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.)
iii
TESTIMONY
The writer states truthfully that this research paper is compiled by her
without taking the result from other research in any university. In addition, the
writer ascertains that she does not take the material from other publications or
someone’s work except for the references mentioned in bibliography.
Surakarta, February 2011
The writer
iv
MOTTO
Some guiding words of mine are ;
? Now j oin your hand, and wit h your hands your heart s.
(William Shakepears)
? Lif e is not f air in many cases, but God is always f air in all
cases.
? Love of f riendship is obviously seen in a short age.
v
DEDICATION
This r esear ch paper is dedicat ed t o :
1. Allah Almight y
2 . The wr it er ’s beloved f amily
3. The wr it er ’s beloved husband t o be
4. The wr it er ’s f r iends and acquaint ances
vi
SUMMARY
APRILIANA DEWI SAPTA RINI. A320 080 086. UNFAVORABLE
EFFECT OF MENTAL STRESS IN ARTHUR DIMMESDALE’S ROLE AS
A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S NOVEL THE SCARLET
LETTER (1986) ; A PSYCHOANALYTIC
The subject of this research is how unfavorable effect of mental stress for Arthur
Dimmesdale, as the role of a priest in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet
Letter. It was viewed from psychoanalytic approach. The objective of the research
paper is analyzing the effect of repressed desire based on psychoanalytic theory
by identifying the personality of major and minor character and structural
elements of the novel.
Achieving the object of this research, the writer uses library research to gain the
accurate data in creating a valid and accountable research. The application of this
method is by scrutinizing library materials which have strong relation with the
problem examined in this writing. There are two types of the data including main
data and supporting data. In assessing the research, the writer uses structural
analysis approach through the theories to clarify the intrinsic elements.
Furthermore, to analyze the personality of Arthur Dimmesdale. The writer applies
psychoanalytic theory which discusses the process and outcome of the repressed
of emotion and someone’s biological desire.
The result of this research shows that human emotion and desire which can not be
repressed completely lost and it will cause the nature of certain character that
makes up a new personality. By new Arthur Dimmesdale’s personality, it can be
seen in his actions in public society.
Consultant I
Consultan II
Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed
NIK.772
Titis Setyabudi, S.S
NIK. 948
Approved by
School of Teacher and Traianing and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Dean
Drs.H. Sofyan Anis, M.Si
NIK.547
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrohmaanirrohim
There is nothing first and primary to say but all praise be to Allah who
gives the writer a blessing so that she can finish this research paper entitled :
UNFAVORABLE
EFFECT
OF
MENTAL
STRESS
IN
ARTHUR
DIMMESDALE’S ROLE AS A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S
NOVEL THE SCARLET LETTER (1986) ; A PSYCHOANALYTIC as a partial
fulfillment of the requirements for achieving a master’s degree on education. The
writer realizes that this research paper is far from be ing perfect because of the
writer’s limited knowledge and experience. The writer is also aware of the fact
that this research paper could not have been completed without encouragement
and help of other people. Thus, in this case, the writer would like to express her
great appreciation and gratitude to those who have contributed their help ;
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education,
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta who gave the writer a reference to
conduct the research.
2. Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, S.Pd, M.Ed, her first consultant who gave
the writer suggestion and guidance.
3. Titis Setyabudi, SS, her second consultant who gave improvement, correction
and motivation to make this research paper better.
4. Dra. Endang Fauzi, he r former academic consultant who always gave
guidance during her studying.
viii
5. Her father and mother, brothers, sisters, niece, and nephews who gave
invaluable and indispensable assistance from time to time.
6. Her husband to be , who gave the writer much love and care, his direct or
indirect contribution and had accompanied or helped the writer all the time.
7. Her best friend ever Tyas, and all Tyas’ friends that just knew me who could
not be mentioned one by one, thank you for the beginning friendship.
8. Her friends in English Department, Rastry, Fitri, Astry, Papanx, Erika, Iim,
Evi, Henita, and others . For giving support and spirit to finish her study.
Finally the writer is greatly indebted and really invites criticism or
suggestion which may be able to make this research paper perfect and also hopes
that this research paper will have a significance in developing literary research.
“ Thank you”
Wassalamu’alaikum wr.wb
Surakarta, February 2011
APRILIANA DEWI SAPTA RINI
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ...........................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL .................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE.............................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO.........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION..............................................................................................
vi
SUMMARY..................................................................................................
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT...............................................................................
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ...............................................................................
x
CHAPTER
I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study...............................................
1
B. Literature Review ....... ..................................................
6
C. Problem Statement...... ..................................................
7
D. Limitation of the Study..................................................
7
E. Objectives of the Study ..................................................
8
F. The Benefits of the Study...............................................
8
G. Theoretical Approach. ..................................................
9
1. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theories .............................
9
2. Structural Elements of the Novel.............................
12
H. Theoretical Application .................................................
14
I. Research Method ......... ..................................................
14
J. Research Paper Organization ..........................................
15
x
CHAPTER II THE UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Novel and Its Definition................................................
16
B. Type of Novel............. ..................................................
17
1. Avountur Novel..... ..................................................
18
2. Psychology Novel. ..................................................
18
3. Detective Novel..... ..................................................
19
4. Social Novel.......... ..................................................
19
5. Collective Novel.... ..................................................
20
C. Novel Structure ........... ..................................................
21
1. Theme.................... ..................................................
22
2. Plot ........................ ..................................................
23
3. Character and Characterization................................
25
4. Setting.................... ..................................................
27
5. Language ............... ..................................................
29
D. Confict...........................................................................
29
E. Psychoanalytic Approach ..............................................
31
1. Unconsciousness ......................................................
32
2. Id, Ego and Superego...............................................
33
3. Anxiety.....................................................................
34
4. Defense Mechanisms................................................
35
CHAPTER III STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
A. The Analysis of Structural Analysis ...........................
38
1. Character and Characterization .............................
38
xi
2. Plot ........................................................................
48
3. Setting of the Work...............................................
58
4. Point of View ........................................................
58
5. Style of Work........................................................
59
6. Symbolism.............................................................
64
7. Theme ....................................................................
66
B. Discussion...................................................................
67
CHAPTER IV PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS
A. General Description of Arthur Dimmesdale’s
Personality.................................................................
69
1. Arthur Dimmesdale’s Appearance.......................
69
2. Arthur Dimmesdale’s Life Surrounding ...............
70
B. Adverse Effect of Mental Stress in Arthur
Dimmesdale’s Role As a Priest .................................
72
1. Anxiety ..................................................................
73
2. Denia l ....................................................................
80
3. Sublimation ...........................................................
82
4. Displacement .........................................................
83
5. Rationalization ......................................................
84
6. Reaction Formation...............................................
86
7. Fantasy ..................................................................
87
xii
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ..................................................................
90
B. Suggestion ..................................................................
92
BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................
95
APPENDIX
xiii
DIMMESDALE’S ROLE AS A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S
NOVEL THE SCARLET LETTER (1986) ; A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for getting the Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
By:
APRILIANA DEWI SAPTARINI
A 320 080 086
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2011
i
APPROVAL
UNFAVORABLE EFFECT OF MENTAL STRESS IN ARTHUR
DIMMESDALE’S ROLE AS A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S
NOVEL THE SCARLET LETTER (1986) ; A PSYCHOANALYTIC
APPROACH
by
APRILIANA DEWI SAPTA RINI
A320 080 086
Approved to be examined
by Consultant Team
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed.)
NIK.772
ii
(Titis Setyabudi, S.S)
NIK.948
ACCEPTANCE
UNFAVORABLE EFFECT OF MENTAL STRESS IN ARTHUR
DIMMESDALE’S ROLE AS A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S
NOVEL THE SCARLET LETTER (1986) ; A PSYCHOANALYTIC
RESEARCH PAPER
Prepared and Arranged by :
APRILIANA DEWI SAPTA RINI
A320 080 086
Accepted by the Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta on February 2011
1. Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed
(
)
2. Titis setyabudi, S.S
(
)
3. Drs. M. Thoyibi, MS.
(
)
Dean,
(Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.)
iii
TESTIMONY
The writer states truthfully that this research paper is compiled by her
without taking the result from other research in any university. In addition, the
writer ascertains that she does not take the material from other publications or
someone’s work except for the references mentioned in bibliography.
Surakarta, February 2011
The writer
iv
MOTTO
Some guiding words of mine are ;
? Now j oin your hand, and wit h your hands your heart s.
(William Shakepears)
? Lif e is not f air in many cases, but God is always f air in all
cases.
? Love of f riendship is obviously seen in a short age.
v
DEDICATION
This r esear ch paper is dedicat ed t o :
1. Allah Almight y
2 . The wr it er ’s beloved f amily
3. The wr it er ’s beloved husband t o be
4. The wr it er ’s f r iends and acquaint ances
vi
SUMMARY
APRILIANA DEWI SAPTA RINI. A320 080 086. UNFAVORABLE
EFFECT OF MENTAL STRESS IN ARTHUR DIMMESDALE’S ROLE AS
A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S NOVEL THE SCARLET
LETTER (1986) ; A PSYCHOANALYTIC
The subject of this research is how unfavorable effect of mental stress for Arthur
Dimmesdale, as the role of a priest in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet
Letter. It was viewed from psychoanalytic approach. The objective of the research
paper is analyzing the effect of repressed desire based on psychoanalytic theory
by identifying the personality of major and minor character and structural
elements of the novel.
Achieving the object of this research, the writer uses library research to gain the
accurate data in creating a valid and accountable research. The application of this
method is by scrutinizing library materials which have strong relation with the
problem examined in this writing. There are two types of the data including main
data and supporting data. In assessing the research, the writer uses structural
analysis approach through the theories to clarify the intrinsic elements.
Furthermore, to analyze the personality of Arthur Dimmesdale. The writer applies
psychoanalytic theory which discusses the process and outcome of the repressed
of emotion and someone’s biological desire.
The result of this research shows that human emotion and desire which can not be
repressed completely lost and it will cause the nature of certain character that
makes up a new personality. By new Arthur Dimmesdale’s personality, it can be
seen in his actions in public society.
Consultant I
Consultan II
Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed
NIK.772
Titis Setyabudi, S.S
NIK. 948
Approved by
School of Teacher and Traianing and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Dean
Drs.H. Sofyan Anis, M.Si
NIK.547
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrohmaanirrohim
There is nothing first and primary to say but all praise be to Allah who
gives the writer a blessing so that she can finish this research paper entitled :
UNFAVORABLE
EFFECT
OF
MENTAL
STRESS
IN
ARTHUR
DIMMESDALE’S ROLE AS A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S
NOVEL THE SCARLET LETTER (1986) ; A PSYCHOANALYTIC as a partial
fulfillment of the requirements for achieving a master’s degree on education. The
writer realizes that this research paper is far from be ing perfect because of the
writer’s limited knowledge and experience. The writer is also aware of the fact
that this research paper could not have been completed without encouragement
and help of other people. Thus, in this case, the writer would like to express her
great appreciation and gratitude to those who have contributed their help ;
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education,
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta who gave the writer a reference to
conduct the research.
2. Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, S.Pd, M.Ed, her first consultant who gave
the writer suggestion and guidance.
3. Titis Setyabudi, SS, her second consultant who gave improvement, correction
and motivation to make this research paper better.
4. Dra. Endang Fauzi, he r former academic consultant who always gave
guidance during her studying.
viii
5. Her father and mother, brothers, sisters, niece, and nephews who gave
invaluable and indispensable assistance from time to time.
6. Her husband to be , who gave the writer much love and care, his direct or
indirect contribution and had accompanied or helped the writer all the time.
7. Her best friend ever Tyas, and all Tyas’ friends that just knew me who could
not be mentioned one by one, thank you for the beginning friendship.
8. Her friends in English Department, Rastry, Fitri, Astry, Papanx, Erika, Iim,
Evi, Henita, and others . For giving support and spirit to finish her study.
Finally the writer is greatly indebted and really invites criticism or
suggestion which may be able to make this research paper perfect and also hopes
that this research paper will have a significance in developing literary research.
“ Thank you”
Wassalamu’alaikum wr.wb
Surakarta, February 2011
APRILIANA DEWI SAPTA RINI
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ...........................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL .................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE.............................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO.........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION..............................................................................................
vi
SUMMARY..................................................................................................
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT...............................................................................
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ...............................................................................
x
CHAPTER
I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study...............................................
1
B. Literature Review ....... ..................................................
6
C. Problem Statement...... ..................................................
7
D. Limitation of the Study..................................................
7
E. Objectives of the Study ..................................................
8
F. The Benefits of the Study...............................................
8
G. Theoretical Approach. ..................................................
9
1. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theories .............................
9
2. Structural Elements of the Novel.............................
12
H. Theoretical Application .................................................
14
I. Research Method ......... ..................................................
14
J. Research Paper Organization ..........................................
15
x
CHAPTER II THE UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Novel and Its Definition................................................
16
B. Type of Novel............. ..................................................
17
1. Avountur Novel..... ..................................................
18
2. Psychology Novel. ..................................................
18
3. Detective Novel..... ..................................................
19
4. Social Novel.......... ..................................................
19
5. Collective Novel.... ..................................................
20
C. Novel Structure ........... ..................................................
21
1. Theme.................... ..................................................
22
2. Plot ........................ ..................................................
23
3. Character and Characterization................................
25
4. Setting.................... ..................................................
27
5. Language ............... ..................................................
29
D. Confict...........................................................................
29
E. Psychoanalytic Approach ..............................................
31
1. Unconsciousness ......................................................
32
2. Id, Ego and Superego...............................................
33
3. Anxiety.....................................................................
34
4. Defense Mechanisms................................................
35
CHAPTER III STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
A. The Analysis of Structural Analysis ...........................
38
1. Character and Characterization .............................
38
xi
2. Plot ........................................................................
48
3. Setting of the Work...............................................
58
4. Point of View ........................................................
58
5. Style of Work........................................................
59
6. Symbolism.............................................................
64
7. Theme ....................................................................
66
B. Discussion...................................................................
67
CHAPTER IV PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS
A. General Description of Arthur Dimmesdale’s
Personality.................................................................
69
1. Arthur Dimmesdale’s Appearance.......................
69
2. Arthur Dimmesdale’s Life Surrounding ...............
70
B. Adverse Effect of Mental Stress in Arthur
Dimmesdale’s Role As a Priest .................................
72
1. Anxiety ..................................................................
73
2. Denia l ....................................................................
80
3. Sublimation ...........................................................
82
4. Displacement .........................................................
83
5. Rationalization ......................................................
84
6. Reaction Formation...............................................
86
7. Fantasy ..................................................................
87
xii
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ..................................................................
90
B. Suggestion ..................................................................
92
BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................
95
APPENDIX
xiii