CHILD ABUSE IN DAVE PELZER’S TRILOGY Child Abuse In Dave Pelzer’s Trilogy A Child Called It (1993), The Lost Boy (1995), And A Man Named Dave (1999).
CHILD ABUSE IN DAVE PELZER’S TRILOGY
A CHILD CALLED IT (1993), THE LOST BOY (1995), AND
A M AN NAM ED DAVE (1999)
THESIS
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting the M aster Degree of Language Studies
in English Department
by
FAJRIA NURUL HIDAYATI
S 200080030
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES
M UHAM M ADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
ii
iii
iv
v
M OTTO
Verily, with every difficulty there is relief
(Al I nsyiroh: 6)
vi
DEDICATION
This t hesis is af f ectionat ely dedicat ed t o:
1. Her beloved f at her and mot her (Drs Suprapt o and Dra Suparmi)
2. Her beloved husband (Yakup I skandar)
3. Her beloved sist er (Sholikhah Bert ha Cahyani)
vii
ACKNOW LEDGEM ENT
Assala mu’alaikum W r. W b.
With the complet ion of the research, the w rit er would like t o thanks to
Allah, the Almight y God, who has given blessing and everyt hing. Her special
t hank goes t o t he Direct or of school of Graduat e st udies, M uham m adiyah
Universit y of Surakart a, Prof. H. Khudzaifah Dimyat i, SH, M . Hum and the head of
M agist er of Language St udy, Prof. Dr. M arkham ah, M . Hum.
Her deepest grat it ude is also for the first advisor, Dr. Phil Dew i
Candraningrum, M . Ed for her careful guidance and advice, and for t he second
advisor, Drs. M . Thoyibi, M .S for com ment, correct ion, suggest ion and for guiding
t he w rit er through academ ic corridor t o her successful end.
The appreciat ion is also for parent s who gave t he writ er pow er t o
complet e t his t hesis, brother and sist er, and also for her fut ure husband who is
patient to wait for her. Her special t hanks t o classmat e Bu Agust in, Bu Tutik, Bu
Karsih, Bu Jet i, Pak Karsih, M bak Put ri, M bak Sofi, M bak Ayu, M bak Jet a and
M bak Eni for toget herness.
Last but not least , t he w rit er realizes t hat t he thesis is far from being
perfect . But hopefully it is useful for prospect ive readers.
W assalamu’alaikum W r. W b.
Surakart a,
January 2013
The w rit er
Fajria Nurul Hidayat i
viii
ABSTRACT
Fajria Nurul Hidayati. S200080030. CHILD ABUSE IN DAVE PELZER’S TRILOGY A
CHILD CALLED IT (1993), THE LOST BOY (1995), AND A M AN NAM ED DAVE
(1999) . Thesis. M uhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2013.
This research paper analyzes child abuse t hat is reflect ed in Dave Pelzer’s trilogy
A Child Called it, The Lost Boy, and A M an Named Dave. The objectives of the research
are to identify the cont ext of t he production of t he t rilogy, to analyze the influence of
environm ent on the personalit y development of the author, and to review the reflection
and criticism of the author tow ards child abuse. The research paper belongs t o
qualitative research. The sources of data come from both primary data source and
secondary data sources. The method to analyze the data is descriptive analysis.
The researcher finds the main finding in w hich there is relationship betw een th e
trilogy and the American societ y at the end of t he tw entieth cent ury. It can be broken
into three: First, there is a close relationship betw een the productions of trilogy and the
American societ y at the end of tw ent ieth cent ury. Second, the environm ents w here the
author lived influenced his personality developm ent and behavior. Third, through the
trilogy, the author conveys his critique to parents, societ y and the victims.
Key w ords: child abuse, a child called it, t he lost boy, a man named dave.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ............................................................................................................
i
NOTE OF ADVISOR ..................................................................................... ....
ii
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................
iv
STATEM ENT..................................................................................................
v
M OTTO ........................................................................................................
vi
DEDICATION ................................................................................................
vii
ACKNOW LEDGM ENT ....................................................................................
viii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................
x
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background of the St udy .................................................
1
B.
Previous St udies ..............................................................
9
C.
Problem St at ement s ........................................................
12
D.
Lim it at ion of t he Study .....................................................
13
E.
Object ives of the Study ................................................ ...
13
F.
Research Benefit .............................................................
13
G.
Paper Organization ..........................................................
14
x
CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY
A.
B.
C.
CHAPTER III
Behaviorism
1.
Notion of Behaviorism ..............................................
15
2.
Principal of Behaviorism ...........................................
16
3.
Environm ental Influences .........................................
17
Sociology of Literature
1.
Notion of Sociology of Literature..............................
21
2.
The Perspective of Sociology of Literature................. 23
Child Abuse
1.
Notion of Child Abuse..............................................
27
2.
Types of Child Abuse................................................
29
3.
Child Abuse Victims..................................................
32
4.
Perpetrator of Abuse................................................. 33
5.
The Cause of Abuse..................................................
33
6.
Cycle of Violence......................................................
34
D. Theoretical Application.....................................................
35
RESEARCH M ETHOD
A. Object of the Study ........................................................... 37
B.
Type of Research ..............................................................
37
C.
Type of the Data and the Data Sources ...........................
38
D. Technique of t he Data Collection .................................... 39
E.
Technique of t he Data Analysis ........................................
xi
39
CHAPTER IV SOCIAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AM ERICAN SOCIETY IN THE LATE
TW ENTIETH CENTURY
CHAPTER V
A.
Social Aspect..................................................................... 42
B.
Economic Aspect..............................................................
44
C.
Political Aspect.................................................................
49
D.
Religious Aspect ..............................................................
51
E.
Cultural Aspect.................................................................
53
F.
Science and Technology Aspect.......................................
54
G.
Report on Child Abuse in the US......................................
57
BEHAVIORIST ANALYSIS
A.
The Influence of Environm ent .........................................
1.
2.
3.
B.
59
Home Environm ent ..............................................
60
a. Significant Others ...........................................
62
b. Lesson Learned ...............................................
68
Fost er Care Environment .....................................
72
a. Significant Others ...........................................
72
b. Lesson Learned ...............................................
77
Larger Societ y .......................................................
79
a. Significant Others ............................................
80
b. Lesson Learned ...............................................
86
Discussion ........................................................................
xii
89
CHAPTER VI SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
A. Sociological Analysis
1. Social Aspect..................................................................
94
2. Economic Aspect............................................................ 99
3. Political Aspect.............................................................. 103
4. Religious Aspect ........................................................... 107
5. Cultural Aspect.............................................................. 111
6. Science and Technology Aspect................................... 116
B.
Child Abuse ...................................................................... 119
C.
Discussion........................................................................ 124
CHAPTER VII CONCLUSION AND PEDAGOGICAL IM PLICATION
A.
Conclusion ....................................................................
129
B.
Pedagogical Im plicat ion ................................................
130
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii
A CHILD CALLED IT (1993), THE LOST BOY (1995), AND
A M AN NAM ED DAVE (1999)
THESIS
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting the M aster Degree of Language Studies
in English Department
by
FAJRIA NURUL HIDAYATI
S 200080030
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES
M UHAM M ADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
ii
iii
iv
v
M OTTO
Verily, with every difficulty there is relief
(Al I nsyiroh: 6)
vi
DEDICATION
This t hesis is af f ectionat ely dedicat ed t o:
1. Her beloved f at her and mot her (Drs Suprapt o and Dra Suparmi)
2. Her beloved husband (Yakup I skandar)
3. Her beloved sist er (Sholikhah Bert ha Cahyani)
vii
ACKNOW LEDGEM ENT
Assala mu’alaikum W r. W b.
With the complet ion of the research, the w rit er would like t o thanks to
Allah, the Almight y God, who has given blessing and everyt hing. Her special
t hank goes t o t he Direct or of school of Graduat e st udies, M uham m adiyah
Universit y of Surakart a, Prof. H. Khudzaifah Dimyat i, SH, M . Hum and the head of
M agist er of Language St udy, Prof. Dr. M arkham ah, M . Hum.
Her deepest grat it ude is also for the first advisor, Dr. Phil Dew i
Candraningrum, M . Ed for her careful guidance and advice, and for t he second
advisor, Drs. M . Thoyibi, M .S for com ment, correct ion, suggest ion and for guiding
t he w rit er through academ ic corridor t o her successful end.
The appreciat ion is also for parent s who gave t he writ er pow er t o
complet e t his t hesis, brother and sist er, and also for her fut ure husband who is
patient to wait for her. Her special t hanks t o classmat e Bu Agust in, Bu Tutik, Bu
Karsih, Bu Jet i, Pak Karsih, M bak Put ri, M bak Sofi, M bak Ayu, M bak Jet a and
M bak Eni for toget herness.
Last but not least , t he w rit er realizes t hat t he thesis is far from being
perfect . But hopefully it is useful for prospect ive readers.
W assalamu’alaikum W r. W b.
Surakart a,
January 2013
The w rit er
Fajria Nurul Hidayat i
viii
ABSTRACT
Fajria Nurul Hidayati. S200080030. CHILD ABUSE IN DAVE PELZER’S TRILOGY A
CHILD CALLED IT (1993), THE LOST BOY (1995), AND A M AN NAM ED DAVE
(1999) . Thesis. M uhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2013.
This research paper analyzes child abuse t hat is reflect ed in Dave Pelzer’s trilogy
A Child Called it, The Lost Boy, and A M an Named Dave. The objectives of the research
are to identify the cont ext of t he production of t he t rilogy, to analyze the influence of
environm ent on the personalit y development of the author, and to review the reflection
and criticism of the author tow ards child abuse. The research paper belongs t o
qualitative research. The sources of data come from both primary data source and
secondary data sources. The method to analyze the data is descriptive analysis.
The researcher finds the main finding in w hich there is relationship betw een th e
trilogy and the American societ y at the end of t he tw entieth cent ury. It can be broken
into three: First, there is a close relationship betw een the productions of trilogy and the
American societ y at the end of tw ent ieth cent ury. Second, the environm ents w here the
author lived influenced his personality developm ent and behavior. Third, through the
trilogy, the author conveys his critique to parents, societ y and the victims.
Key w ords: child abuse, a child called it, t he lost boy, a man named dave.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ............................................................................................................
i
NOTE OF ADVISOR ..................................................................................... ....
ii
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................
iv
STATEM ENT..................................................................................................
v
M OTTO ........................................................................................................
vi
DEDICATION ................................................................................................
vii
ACKNOW LEDGM ENT ....................................................................................
viii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................
x
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background of the St udy .................................................
1
B.
Previous St udies ..............................................................
9
C.
Problem St at ement s ........................................................
12
D.
Lim it at ion of t he Study .....................................................
13
E.
Object ives of the Study ................................................ ...
13
F.
Research Benefit .............................................................
13
G.
Paper Organization ..........................................................
14
x
CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY
A.
B.
C.
CHAPTER III
Behaviorism
1.
Notion of Behaviorism ..............................................
15
2.
Principal of Behaviorism ...........................................
16
3.
Environm ental Influences .........................................
17
Sociology of Literature
1.
Notion of Sociology of Literature..............................
21
2.
The Perspective of Sociology of Literature................. 23
Child Abuse
1.
Notion of Child Abuse..............................................
27
2.
Types of Child Abuse................................................
29
3.
Child Abuse Victims..................................................
32
4.
Perpetrator of Abuse................................................. 33
5.
The Cause of Abuse..................................................
33
6.
Cycle of Violence......................................................
34
D. Theoretical Application.....................................................
35
RESEARCH M ETHOD
A. Object of the Study ........................................................... 37
B.
Type of Research ..............................................................
37
C.
Type of the Data and the Data Sources ...........................
38
D. Technique of t he Data Collection .................................... 39
E.
Technique of t he Data Analysis ........................................
xi
39
CHAPTER IV SOCIAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AM ERICAN SOCIETY IN THE LATE
TW ENTIETH CENTURY
CHAPTER V
A.
Social Aspect..................................................................... 42
B.
Economic Aspect..............................................................
44
C.
Political Aspect.................................................................
49
D.
Religious Aspect ..............................................................
51
E.
Cultural Aspect.................................................................
53
F.
Science and Technology Aspect.......................................
54
G.
Report on Child Abuse in the US......................................
57
BEHAVIORIST ANALYSIS
A.
The Influence of Environm ent .........................................
1.
2.
3.
B.
59
Home Environm ent ..............................................
60
a. Significant Others ...........................................
62
b. Lesson Learned ...............................................
68
Fost er Care Environment .....................................
72
a. Significant Others ...........................................
72
b. Lesson Learned ...............................................
77
Larger Societ y .......................................................
79
a. Significant Others ............................................
80
b. Lesson Learned ...............................................
86
Discussion ........................................................................
xii
89
CHAPTER VI SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
A. Sociological Analysis
1. Social Aspect..................................................................
94
2. Economic Aspect............................................................ 99
3. Political Aspect.............................................................. 103
4. Religious Aspect ........................................................... 107
5. Cultural Aspect.............................................................. 111
6. Science and Technology Aspect................................... 116
B.
Child Abuse ...................................................................... 119
C.
Discussion........................................................................ 124
CHAPTER VII CONCLUSION AND PEDAGOGICAL IM PLICATION
A.
Conclusion ....................................................................
129
B.
Pedagogical Im plicat ion ................................................
130
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii