By MUHAMMAD KHARIR NIM 200832183 ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
IN READER’S LETTER OF JAKARTA POST PUBLISHED ON
JUNE 2013
By
MUHAMMAD KHARIR
NIM 200832183
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2014
IN READER’S LETTER OF JAKARTA POST PUBLISHED ON
JUNE 2013
SKRIPSI
Presented to the University of Muria Kudus
in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Progam
in English Education
By
MUHAMMAD KHARIR
NIM 200832183
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2014
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
Motto: “Simple life, but high thinking” “Bright think to get bright future.”Dedication:
This skripsi is dedicated to: Allah the Almighty.
His beloved parents (Faizin and Mukoronah), his beloved brothers (M. Noor Faiz and Umar Said), and all of his family who can’t mention one by one, thanks a lot for your support, pray, and blessing.
His beloved friend “Aisy” His best friends (Emon, Padkur, Bombom,
Burhan, Rifky, Adi, Fahmi, Elvyn, Adib, Slamet) who always support and give spirit for him.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to say thank to Allah the God of universe for the blessing and guidance, so that the writer be able to finish her skripsi entitled
“An Analysis of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013
.” On the second, the writer realizes that this skripsi compilation will never get success without any interference from other people. Therefore, the writer would like to express deep gratitude to: 1.
Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University.
2. Diah Kurniati, S. Pd, M. Pd, the Head of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University.
3. Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd, as the first advisor who guides me and supports me in finishing this research with a great patience.
4. Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd as the second advisor who gives his contributive criticisms and assistances during completing this research.
5. The lecturers of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University.
6. His beloved parents, brothers, and allof his family for their loves and supports to him in finishing this skripsi.
7. His beloved someone “Aisy” who always accompany and giving spirit for him.
Finally, the writer would like to express his sincerest gratitude to the readers for some critics and suggestions. The writer also hopes that this skripsi will be useful for anyone who needs information related to this research.
Kudus, March 2014 Muhammad Kharir
ABSTRACT
Kharir, Muhammad. 2014. An Analysis of Grammatical Cohesion Found in
Reader’s Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013. Skripsi. English
Education Departement, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisor: (i) Atik Rokhayani, S.pd, M.Pd, (ii) Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd
Key words: Grammatical Cohesion,
Reader’s Letter, Jakarta Post 2013
Language plays an important role in human life. People needs language to communicate and socialize with other people around them. Communication takes place, the unity of grammar and meaning is essential to make easy the process of delivering and receiving a message. In delivering a message a part of language system named cohesion is used to make the message meaningful. People need cohesion to communicate with other people by using both formal situation and informal situation, either by using grammatical cohesion or by using lexical cohesion. But, in this research the writer only focuses on grammatical cohesion. Grammatical cohesion is one of the types of cohesive devices which relates to the internal structure of devices which are used to relate words, clauses, and sentences in a text. Grammatical cohesion is classified into four types namely reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction.
The objective of this research are (1) to find out the types of grammatical cohesion found in Reader’s Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 (2) to know the percentages of grammatical cohesion found in Reader’s Letter of Jakarta
Post published on June 2013.
In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative design to obtain the objectives of the research. The data of this research is grammatical cohesion. While the data source of this research is the
Reader’s Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013. The result of the research shows that there are four types of grammatical cohesion found in
Reader’s Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 which consists of reference, substitutions, ellipsis and conjunction. And all of the types of grammatical cohesion are used clearly in every clause in
Reader’s Letter of Jakarta Post. It means that in
Reader’s Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 used grammatical cohesion well. And the highest type is reference with 56,32% followed by conjunction with 39,46%, substitution with 3,45%, and ellipsis with 0,77%.
Based on the result of this research, the writer suggests for the teachers can use this research as additional information in learning and applying good grammatical cohesion especially in the article of reader’s letter. Furthermore, for the students can give more understanding about grammatical cohesion. And for the further researchers, this research can use as reference for the other researchers who want to conduct a research about grammatical cohesion.
ABSTRAK
Kharir, Muhammad. 2014. Analisa Kohesi Grammatikal yang ditemukan dalam Surat Pembaca di Jakarta Pos yang diterbitkan pada bulan Juni 2013.
Skripsi. Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing: (i) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd, (ii) Dr. Drs. Slamet utomo, M.Pd
Kata kunci: Kohesi Grammatikal, Surat Pembaca, Jakarta Pos 2013
Bahasa memainkan peranan penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Orang- orang membutuhkan bahasa untuk berkomunikasi dan bersosialisasi dengan orang lain disekitar mereka. Pada proses komunikasi, diperlukan adanya keselarasan makna dan tata bahasa agar pesan yang disampaikan mudah dipahami oleh penerima. Dalam menyampaikan pesan, sebuah sistem bahasa yang disebut kohesi digunakan untuk membuat pesan lebih bermakna. Orang-orang membutuhkan kohesi untuk berkomunikasi dengan orang lain yang digunakan dalam situasi formal maupun non formal, dengan menggunakan kohesi grammatikal maupun kohesi leksikal. Akan tetapi, dalam penelitian ini penulis hanya fokus dalam analisa kohesi grammatikal. Kohesi grammatikal merupakan salah satu alat kohesi yang berhubungan dengan struktur internal yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan kata, klausa, dan kalimat dalam sebuah teks. Kohesi grammatikal terdiri dari referen, substitusi, ellipsis, dan konjungsi.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk menemukan jenis-jenis kohesi gramatikal yang ditemukan dalam Surat Pembaca di Jakarta Pos yang diterbitkan pada bulan Juni 2013 (2) untuk mengetahui bagaimana jenis-jenis kohesi gramatikal digunakan dalam Surat Pembaca di Jakarta Pos yang diterbitkan pada bulan Juni 2013.
Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif kualitatif sebagai untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah kohesi grammatikal. Sedangkan data sumbernya adalah Surat Pembaca di Jakarta Pos yang diterbitkan pada bulan Juni 2013.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat jenis kohesi grammatikal dalam Surat Pembaca di Jakarta Pos yang diterbitkan pada bulan Juni
.
2013 yang terdiri dari referen, substitusi, ellipsis, dan konjungsi Dan semua jenis- jenis kohesi grammatical tersebut digunakan dengan jelas di setiap klausa dalam Surat Pembaca di Jakarta Pos. Ini berarti bahwa Surat Pembaca di Jakarta Pos yang diterbitkan pada bulan Juni 2013 menggunakan kohesi grammatical dengan baik. Dan tipe tertinggi adalah referen dengan 56,32%, diikuti oleh konjungsi dengan 39,46%, substitusi dengan 3,45%, dan ellipsis 0,77%.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, penulis menyarankan kepada para guru untuk menggunakan penelitian ini sebagai informasi tambahan dalam pembelajaran dan penerapan kohesi grammatikal yang baik khususnya dalam artikel di surat dari pembaca. Selanjutnya bagi para siswa dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih tentang kohesi grammatikal. Dan bagi para peneliti yang akan datang, penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai referensi bagi yang ingin meneliti tentang kohesi grammatikal.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COVER ........................................................................................................... i
LOGO .............................................................................................................. ii
TITLE ............................................................................................................. iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ...................................................................... iv
ADVICORS’ APPROVAL ............................................................................ v
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL ......................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... ix
ABSTRAKSI ................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... xii
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xv
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... xviii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Research ................................................................1 1.2 Statements of the Research...................................................................
4 1.3 Objectives of the Research ...................................................................
5 1.4 Significances of the Research ..............................................................
5 1.5 Scope of the Research ..........................................................................
6 1.6 Definition of the Term ..........................................................................
6 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Cohesion ...............................................................................................
7 2.2 Kinds of Cohesion ................................................................................
8 2.2.1 Grammatical Cohesion .........................................................................
9 2.2.1.1 Reference............................................................................................
9
2.2.1.2 Substitution ........................................................................................ 12
2.2.1.3 Ellipsis ................................................................................................ 13
2.2.1.4 Conjunction ........................................................................................ 15
2.3 Letter ..................................................................................................... 18
2.4 Reader’s Letter ...................................................................................... 19
2.5 Jakarta Post ........................................................................................... 22
2.6 Review of Previous Research................................................................ 22
2.7 Theoretical Framework ......................................................................... 23
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
3.1 Design of the Research.......................................................................... 24
3.2 Data and Data Sources .......................................................................... 24
3.3 Data Collecting...................................................................................... 25
3.4 Data Analysis ........................................................................................ 25
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH
4.1 The Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of
Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 ...................................................... 30
4.2 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 .................................................. 66
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION
5.1 Types of
Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of Jakarta
Post Published on June 2013 ................................................................. 83
5.1.1 Reference .............................................................................................. 84
5.1.2 Substitution ........................................................................................... 89
5.1.3 Ellipsis .................................................................................................. 89
5.1.4 Conjunction .......................................................................................... 90
5.2 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 .................................................
93 CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 94
6.2 Suggestion ............................................................................................ 95
REFFERENCES ............................................................................................ 96
APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 98
CURRICULUM VITAE ................................................................................ 115
STATEMENT SHEET
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page3.4.1 The Sample of the Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 ...................
............................................................................................................
27
3.4.2 The Sample Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 ................... 29
4.1.1 The Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of
Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 text 1 ....................................... 32
4.1.2 The Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of
Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 text 2 ....................................... 34
4.1.3 The Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of
Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 text 3 ....................................... 37
4.1.4 The Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of
Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 text 4 ....................................... 39
4.1.5 The Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of
Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 text 5 ....................................... 40
4.1.6 The Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of
Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 text 6 ....................................... 42
4.1.7 The Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of
Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 text 7 ....................................... 44
4.1.8 The Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of
Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 text 8 ....................................... 45
4.1.9 The Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of
Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 text 9 ....................................... 47
4.1.10 The Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of
Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 text 10 ..................................... 48
4.1.11 The Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of
Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 text 11 ..................................... 49
4.1.12 The Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of
Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 text 12 ..................................... 51
4.1.13 The Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of
Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 text 13 ..................................... 55
4.1.14 The Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of
Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 text 14 ..................................... 57
4.1.15 The Types of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s Letter of
Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 text 15 ..................................... 61
4.2.1 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s
Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 in text 1 .................... 67
4.2.2 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s
Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 in text 2 .................... 68
4.2.3 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s
Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 in text 3 .................... 69
4.2.4 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s
Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 in text 4 .................... 70
4.2.5 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s
Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 in text 5 .................... 71
4.2.6 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s
Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 in text 6 .................... 72
4.2.7 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s
Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 in text 7 .................... 73
4.2.8 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s
Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 in text 8 .................... 74
4.2.9 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s
Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 in text 9 .................... 75
4.2.10 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s
Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 in text 10 .................. 76
4.2.11 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s
Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 in text 11 .................. 77
4.2.12 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s
Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 in text 12 .................. 78
4.2.13 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s
Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 in text 13 .................. 79
4.2.14 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s
Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 in text 14 .................. 80
4.2.15 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s
Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 in text 15 .................. 81
4.2.16 The Percentages of Grammatical Cohesion Found in Reader’s
Letter of Jakarta Post Published on June 2013 .................................. 82