TREACHE Treachery Reflected In Henrik Ibsen's Public Enemy (1882)Drama: An Individual Psychological Approach.

TREACHE
ERY REFLEC
CTED IN HEN
NRIK IBSEN’SPUBLIC EN
NEMY (1882)D
DRAMA:

AN INDIVIDUAL PS
SYCHOLOG
GICAL APPR
ROACH

RESE
EARCH PAP
PER

Submitted
d as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requuirements
for Getting Bacchelor Degreee of Educatiion
in Engglish Derparttment

By
PR
RADIKA G
GUSLAN HE
ERDIANTO
O
A
A320110197

DEPAR
RTMENT O
OF ENGLIS
SH EDUCA
ATION
SC
CHOOL OF
F TEACHER
R TRAININ
NG AND ED
DUCATION

N
M
MUHAMM
MADIYAH U
UNIVERSIT
TY OF SUR
RAKARTA
2015

TRf,ACHERY RtiFr,ECTrin rN HriNRrX TBSEN,S ?'UBZla EVa-Mv

332)

(

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DRAMA: AN INI)IVII}IJAI, PSVCIIoI,O(:ICAI, APPROACTI

By

FRAI}IKA (]IISI,AN HERDIANTO

ADrrroycd to h€errmined brthcconsullant lcrm

lDi

Phil, Dcwi Ch,ndhninsrunl M. Edl

NI(.7?2

Jv"

0nis scnabudi, s.s.. M. Hunrr

TREACI'trRY R€FLECTED IN ITENRIK IBSf,N'S PUA'IC ,/r''MY O3IJ2)
DRAMA. AN

INDMDUAL ISYCHOLOCICAL APPROACH

PRADIKA GIJSI,AN HFIRI}TANTO
A320tt0197

Exdine!
of Teacher Trainins and Eduetio.

Accepred by rie Boad of
School

Muhmnadiyai Univarsiry of Su6kaae

I

Dr Phil. De*i ChrndraninArum, M

Ed

fWP/L

Tiris Seryabudi, S,S., M. Hum

D. M. Thoyi6i,

-11,4;iL

Drs , M.S.

Suakana,02 Ausust20l5
Itltrhammadiyah

Univcsil!

acher TlaininE and Educarion

(;)

Slri
\-,Y'
nJokoPraviho. M, Hun.
19it50423R199101 1001

iii

TESTIMONY
I

amdsdr

Nmc
NtM
Study

'$.a.hcr.

sisnclon

llteikrent

bclo{l

: PITADIKAOUSLAN

HERDI NTO

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Tirde

;

I)qrr'bncnl dl tnglish E{lftalion

:lrcxchcrrrcncclcdinllcnriklbsr-s/',ili.r1tr.,4,
(1881)l)ftma:Anindiridual ps,ychoLqica lpprcach

Here{nh. I r.srify

tlE

in thh rcscarch nancr $crc is no plagiaris'n

ol$.

pevions lilemry sork nhich has hccn miscd to obtair bachclor dcerccs of

uileNity- nor $erc ar. ontions o, sancrpiecc rvhich havc hcsn wrillcn or
published by o$ers.e\cefl $osc jo Nhich thl {nd.g are ielered anus(ifl and
ne.rio.ed in lhe lilemry evie*and bibliqraphr.
Eence- laler.

il il n provcn

tha! thcrc arc some untrue

st

eDents in this

lestimony, I rvill hold lully resDonsiblc.

\urrtanJ. auCrs l.

2015

LE :ry

IF

lradika Guslan I lc'dianlo

A]20l]0197

MOTTO
sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan (Qs. al
Insyirah: 6)
If the sea has become the ink to write the knowledge of Allah,
then it will run out before all the knowledge can be written,
although if we add it with the same portion (Qs. al khafi: 110)

They plan, and Allah plans, Surely, Allah is the best of planners
(Qs. 08: 30)
If you do the best for Allah, Allah will give the best for you
(The writer)

v

DEDICATION

Proudly and wholeheartedly, the researcher would like
to dedicate this research paper to:
 Allah SWT for the great blessing and the great prophet
Muhammad SAW.
 My beloved parents (Ayahanda Edy Heruwanto and
Ibunda Deres Resmiati) who love me so much.
 My dearest brother (Prayuda Ardyanto)
 My best friends (Members of PT. Mire Sak’kemenge)
 My beloved friends (friends of Junior High School,
Senior High School and in the University)
 All my lecturers and teachers

 My beloved future
 My favorite anime (Air Gear)

vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikumWr. Wb.
Alkhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to his
blessing and mercies given to the researcher, he can complete his research paper
entitled TREACHERY REFLECTED IN HENRIK IBSEN’S PUBLIC ENEMY
(1882) DRAMA: AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH. In
conducting this research, the researcher got some helps from many people. On this
best occasion, the researcher would like to express his deepest gratitude and
appreciation to the following people:
1.

Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., Dean of Scholl of Teacher
Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,

2.

Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D, Head of English Department Muhammadiyah
University,

3.

Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M. Ed., the first consultant who has
patiently guided the researcher in arranging this work, provided time for
consultant, and gave the researcher nice suggestion,

4.

Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum, the second consultant who has been willing
to guide, correct, and encourage his from the beginning of writing until the
end of it,

5.

Rini Fatmawati, Dra., M.pd. as the academic consultant who has given the
researcher guidance as long as he studied in Muhammadiyah University,

6.

All lecturers of English Department, for being good educators, guide, and
mentor,

7.

His best gratitude for his beloved parents (Ayahanda Edy Heruwanto and
Ibunda Deres Resmiati), his spirit and his reason to be the best in
everything, thanks for ever over love, prayers, support (moral and material),
motivation, and everything during his life, he will always pray that in the
next world the best heaven will belong to them.
vii

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pxyers. aDd srppon. lhahks
hc $as a

9.

\ho halc giver lo!e. care.
ln. c\o'_vrhidg. thras {c s[arc bgefier si']ce

His bclove brorhd (Pm,vuda Adranlo).
bih] until nor.lLls! brr esr.eD

Uis besr lii.nds at

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to be

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Nlik slh kcnrtrgc. l[mks lor cvcry

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His big L.1ily.

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beloved lii.nds at

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help rnd {d\ise is

friends ar

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I ni\eNil]. .ran) beloved liiends at UDive6iry

. nr.nks

forbeing my bcsl liiend Thank

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lons:s I nrdied n, our bclored uilesity. Hh

SM,\..srr&ially lr,-qor!

used k, be rDeerher afd

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aDd

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A.d his

Ana\. thrnks Ior lhe ride

cyer shard toeeLh.r. Kccp in louch guys! Love

Ilis ncxr Bonderlul de$r)

beloved

Ltrsiana and amr Anbar geDbur ue

b.lolcd tiicnds .t Si\'lt. csp.cialLy A'lian

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s+po . lhank

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ol you a loBl

co,nplcrc his li1e.lllrn16lor new spirit

thalwillyoubring lnr bis soto.day.
Those rvho cannol be tuemiorcd onc by one

losa

lheir suppon lo lhc

esearher .omrlctiD! this rcscrtrh.

'lh.

rcscdrcher oonsideis

perltcr. TneEfor- sulaesrio.
hopes

$atlhis

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rcscarch prper

rnaik a

"t

rlur this researlh paper is far fronr

&d .rnicisns

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TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE ....................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL............................................................................................................ ii
ACCEPTANCE ..................................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONIAL ..................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ...................................................................................................................v
DEDICATION ....................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ......................................................................................... ix
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... xi
CHAPTHER I

: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................1
A. Background of the Study .................................................1
B. Literature Review.............................................................4
C. Problem Statement ...........................................................6
D. Objectives of the Study ................................................... 6
E. Limitation of the Study ....................................................7
F. Benefit of the Study .........................................................7
G. Research Method..............................................................7
H. Paper Organization ..........................................................9

CHAPTER II

: UNDERLYING THEORY ...................................................10
A. Notion of Individual Psychology ................................... 10
B. Basic Concept of Individual Psychology ........................11
C. Notion of Treachery ...................................................... 16
D. Structural Elements of Drama .........................................18
E. Theoretical Application………………………………..20

CHAPTER III

: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ................................................21
A. Structure Elements ..........................................................21
1. Characters and Characterization ...............................21
2. Setting .......................................................................28
a. Setting of place ....................................................28

ix

b. Setting of time .....................................................29
c. Social Circumstances…………………………..29
3. Plot ............................................................................29
a. Exposition ...........................................................30
b. Complication .......................................................30
c. Climax .................................................................31
d. Resolution ...........................................................33
e. Causality..............................................................33
f. Plausibility ..........................................................33
4. Style ..........................................................................34
a. Grammatical Structure ........................................34
b. Sentence Construction .........................................35
c. Diction .................................................................35
d. Figurative Language............................................35
5. Theme…...………………………………………… 36
B. Discussion .......................................................................37
CHAPTER IV

: AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS .........42
A. Fictional Finalism ...........................................................42
B. Striving for Superiority...................................................44
C. Inferiority Feeling...........................................................45
D. Social Interest..................................................................46
E. Style of Life ....................................................................48
F. Creative Power................................................................50
G. Discussion ......................................................................52

CHAPTER V

: CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL AND SUGGESTION ...57
A. Conclusion ......................................................................57
B. Pedagogical Implication ..................................................60
C. Suggestion .......................................................................61

BIBLIOGRAPHY ...............................................................................................62
SYNOPSIS .............................................................................................................65

x

SUMMARY

PRADIKA GUSLAN HERDIANTO. A320110197. TREACHERY REFLECTED IN
HENRIK IBSEN’S PUBLIC ENEMY (1882) DRAMA: AN INDIVIDUAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH. Research Paper. School of Teacher Training and
Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. August 2, 2015.

The major problem of this study is treachery. Someone who suddenly has
treachery nature, he must experience a big change in his life. The objective of this
study is to analyze Henrik Ibsen‟s Public Enemy based on the structural elements
and analyze this drama based on the Individual Psychological Approach. The
Writer employs qualitative method. The writer uses two data sources: primary and
secondary. The primary data source of the study is Public Enemy drama by
Henrik Ibsen. Secondary data are the supporting data taken from literary books,
criticism, and some articles related to the drama. The secondary data of the study
are taken from any information related to the drama. The method of data
collection is the reseacher will employ the descriptive qualitative research. Based
on the analysis, the reseacher gets some conclusions. The study shows that the
problem faced by the minor character is his treachery. It is proven by his dream
that becomes success. He is an editor. He wants to be a success man in the life.
Someday, Dr. Stockmann gets big news for the town, Hovstad wants get many
advantages from that news, so he becomes Dr. Stockmann‟s side. But, the Mayor
didn‟t agree with that news, so Hovstad betrays Dr. Stockmann and becomes the
Mayor‟s side. Finally, Hovstad opposes Dr. Stockmann.

Keywords: Responsibility, Loyalty, Treachery.

xi