Boiling Phenomenon of Tabulate Biomaterial Wick Heat Pipe.
Recent Decisions in
Technologies for
Sustainable Development
Edited by
A. Ghurri
N.P.G. Suardana
N.N. Pujianiki
I.N. Arya Thanaya
A.A. Diah Parami Dewi
I.N. Budiarsa
I.W. Widhiada
I.P. Agung Bayupati
I.N. Satya Kumara
Recent Decisions in
Technologies for Sustainable
Development
Selected, peer reviewed papers from the
3rd International Conference on
Sustainable Technology Development
(ICSTD 2014),
October 30-31, 2014, Bali, Indonesia
Edited by
A. Ghurri, N.P.G. Suardana, N. N. Pujianiki,
I. N. Arya Thanaya, A.A. Diah Parami Dewi,
I. N. Budiarsa, I. W. Widhiada,
I. P. Agung Bayupati and I.N. Satya Kumara
Copyright 2015 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland
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Volume 776 of
Applied Mechanics and Materials
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Preface
This volume was selected from papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on
Sustainable Technology Development (ICSTD Bali 2014), which have been held in Udayana
University Bali during October 30-31, 2014. The conference was organized by Faculty of Engineering,
University of Udayana Bali Indonesia. This conference covered wide range of engineering issues
toward the achievement of sustainablility.
In order to meet high standard of Applied Mechanics and Materials, the organization committee
has made their efforts to do the following things. Firstly, all submitted papers have been reviewed by 2
anonymous expert reviewers, poor quality papers have been rejected after reviewing. Secondly,
periodically review meetings have been held around the reviewers about three times for exchanging
reviewing suggestions. Finally, the conference organization had several preliminary sessions before the
conference. Through efforts of the scientific committee and Editors team, the volume will be the best
collected papers.
We would like to thank the Faculty of Engineering, University of Udayana, the member of
organizing and scientific committees, and also to TTP publisher.
Editors
Ainul Ghurri
N.P.G. Suardana
Ni Nyoman Pujianiki
I Nyoman Arya Thanaya
A.A. Diah Parami Dewi
I Nyoman Budiarsa
I Wayan Widhiada
I Putu Agung Bayupati
I.N. Satya Kumara
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Technologies of Sustainable Development in Civil
Engineering, Transportation and Urban Planning
Sustainable Development of Concrete Using GGBS: Effect of Curing Temperatures on the
Strength Development of Concrete
G. Turu'allo
Properties of Sand Sheet Asphalt Mixture Incorporating Waste Plastic
I.N.A. Thanaya, I.G.R. Purbanto and I.G. Wikarga
Asphalt Pavement Temperature Profile for Tropical Climate in Indonesia
I.M.A. Ariawan, B.S. Subagio and B.H. Setiadji
The Development of Slurry Seal Design with Ordinary Portland Cement Replacement by
Low Calcium Fly Ash
A. Setyawan, D. Sarwono and M.S. Adnan
The Structural Properties Assessment of Thin Hot Mixture Asphalt for Pavement
Preservation
A. Setyawan, A.H. Mustafa Elshawesh and S. As'ad
Mechanical Strength of Hydraulic Binder Made by Blending Type I Portland Cement and
Pozzolan
I.M.A.K. Salain
Laboratory Tests on Failure of Retaining Walls Caused by Sinusoidal Load
A.M. Hidayati, R.W. Sri Prabandiyani and I.W. Redana
Deformation Behavior of Concrete due to the Influence of the Steel Ring Width Variations
as the External Confinement
E. Safitri, I. Imran, Nuroji and S. Asa'ad
Evaluation of High Grade Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete Quality Using NonDestructive Testing Technique
N.N. Kencanawati, J. Fajrin, B. Anshari, Akmaluddin and M. Shigeishi
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Bolted Bamboo Joints without Void Filled
Material
G.M. Oka, A. Triwiyono, A. Awaludin and S. Siswosukarto
The Significant Importance to Measure Road Safety
S.A. Caroline
Accessibility to Location of Activities in Denpasar City, Bali-Indonesia
P.A. Suthanaya
Travel Time Estimation Based on Spot Speed with Instantaneous and Time Slice Model
A.M.H. Mahmudah, A. Budiarto and S.J. Legowo
Port Location Selection Model: Case Study of Tourism Sector in Bali
R.M.N. Budiartha, T. Achmadi and D. Manfaat
Determining Passenger Car Equivalent for Motorcycle at Mid-Block of Sesetan Road
I.G.R. Purbanto
Readiness Criteria: Indonesias’ New Initiative to Ensure Sustainable Development Program
A. Merthayasa
Conceptual Framework of Bidding Strategy in Order to Improve Construction Project
Performance
I.N.Y. Astana, H.A. Rusdi and M.A. Wibowo
The Conceptual Framework of Design Change Effects in Some Project Delivery Systems
A.A.G.A. Yana, H.A. Rusdi and M.A. Wibowo
An Identification of Construction Project Overheads for Sustainable Cost Management and
Controlling Practices (CMCPs)
N.M. Jaya and A. Frederika
Risk Analyses for Riau Regional Water Supply Projects (SPAM), Indonesia
A. Sandhyavitri
3
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36
41
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53
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Recent Decisions in Technologies for Sustainable Development
Modeling Discharge of the Bangga Watershed under Climate Change
I.W. Sutapa, M. Bisri, Rispiningtati and L. Montarcih
Water Resources Management of Subak Irrigation System in Bali
I.N. Norken, I.K. Suputra and I.G.N.K. Arsana
Study of the Evolution of Sanur Beach Nourishment Project for Beach Enhancement
I.G.B.S. Dharma and S.S. Efendi
Numerical Simulation of Breaking Waves in a Wave Group by SPH
N.N. Pujianiki
The Study on Bore Piles Foundation of the Reinforced Concrete Arch Bridge Beams of
Tukad Pekerisan and Tukad Penet
I.N. Sutarja and I.W. Wayan Redana
The Importance of the Physical Boundary Line onBali Coastal Tourist Resorts
A. Rajendra, N. Temple and R. Nicholls
Comparative Analysis of Traditional House at Taman Mini Indonesia Indah with Modern
House
S. Purnawan, I.W. Sukania and L. Widodo
133
139
145
151
157
163
169
Chapter 2: Materials and Technologies for a Sustainable Development
The Property and Applicability to Auto Industry of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
R.H. Hu, Z.G. Ma, S. Zheng, C.L. Zheng and A.J. Jiang
Fracture Parameters of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polycarbonate Composite
Fabricated by Injection Molding Process
M.G. Hwang, G.H. Kim, H.J. Park, Y.G. Lee, C.M. Yang, J.K. Lim and H.Y. Kang
Effect of Polar Extract of Cocoa Peels Inhibitor on Mechanical Properties and
Microstructure of Mild Steel Exposed in Hydrocloric Acid
Gunawarman, Y. Yetri, Emriadi, N. Jamarun, Ken-Cho, M. Nakai and M. Niinomi
Hardness Distribution and Effective Case Depth of Low Carbon Steel after Pack
Carburizing Process under Different Carburizer
D.N.K.P. Negara, I.D.M.K. Muku, I.K.G. Sugita, I.M. Astika, I.W. Mustika and D.G.R. Prasetya
The Effect of Solidification on Acoustical of Tin Bronze 20Sn Alloy
I.K.G. Sugita and I.G.N. Priambadi
Morphological Analyses and Crystalline Structures of Anodic TiO2 Thin Film on Ti6Al4V
Alloy Using Phosphate and Calcium Containing Electrolyte under Different Voltage and
Calcium Molarity
I.N.G. Antara, K.I.M. Gatot, I.M. Budiana and D.K. Choi
Determination of Optimal Clinker Factor in Cement Production by Chemical Grinding
Aids Addition
T. Eryanto and E. Amrina
Wear of Carbon Steel (0.65%C) in Rolling-Sliding Contact with Creep Ratio
M. Widiyarta, T.G.T. Nindhia and H. Mudiastrawan
Hardness Prediction Based on P-h Curves and Inverse Material Parameters Estimation
I.N. Budiarsa
The Influence of Austenisation Temperature and Holding Time on Mechanical Properties,
Scale Thickness, and Microstructure in Alloy Steel
A. Aziz, M. Hidayat and I. Hardiyanti
Hardness, Density and Porosity of Al/(SiCw+Al2O3p) Composite by Powder Metallurgy
Process without and with Sintering
K. Suarsana and R. Soenoko
Development of Fiberglass Woven Roving Composite as an Alternative Material for the
Hull of Fishing Boat
Winarto, W. Eddy, R. Liza and H. Syamsul
Tensile Strength of Banana Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites Materials
A.P. Irawan and I.W. Sukania
Green Composites Based on Recycled Plastic Reinforced Local Sisal Fibers
N.P.G. Suardana, N.M. Suaniti and I.P. Lokantara
Cement Bonded Sol-Gel TiO2 Powder Photocatalysis for Phenol Removal
N. Hafizah and I. Sopyan
179
186
193
201
208
215
223
229
233
239
246
253
260
264
271
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 776
Review on Zn-Based Alloys as Potential Biodegradable Medical Devices Materials
M.S. Dambatta, D. Kurniawan, S. Izman, B. Yahaya and H. Hermawan
Bone Implant Materials from Eggshell Waste
I. Sopyan
Boiling Phenomenon of Tabulate Biomaterial Wick Heat Pipe
W.N. Septiadi and N. Putra
Fluidization Characteristic of Sewage Sludge Particles
I.N.S. Winaya, R.S. Hartati and I.N.G. Sujana
Design of Fluidized Bed Co-Gasifier of Coal and Wastes Fuels
I.N.S. Winaya, R.S. Hartati, I.P. Lokantara, I.G. Subawa and I.M.A. Putrawan
c
277
282
289
294
300
Chapter 3: Advanced Decisions in Mechanical Engineering
Magnetic Camera and its Applications in Aging Aircraft, Express Train and Pipelines for
Green Technology
J.Y. Lee and J.M. Kim
Buckling Analysis on Pechiko Field of Fixed Offshore Platform in Makassar Strait
M.Z.M. Alie, Y.R. Palentek and D.G. Sesa
Simulation of a Differential-Drive Wheeled Mobile Lego Robot Mindstorms NXT
I.W. Widhiada, C.G.I. Partha and Y.A.P. Wayan Reza
Design and Simulation of Five Fingers Gripper for Dexterous Pick-Up Various of
Components
I.W. Widhiada, E. Pitowarno, C.G.I. Partha and Y.A.P. Wayan Reza
Tar Balls Collector for Mechanical Recovery in Combating Oil Spill on the Marine
Environment
C.P. Mahandari, M. Yamin and D.S.A. Asandi
Three Wheel Bike as Physical Therapy Equipment for Post-Stroke Patient
I.M.L. Batan, Rodika and M. Riva'i
Geometric Progression Application in Design Transmission Gear Ratio
A.A.I.A.S. Komaladewi, I.G.A.K. Suriadi and I.K.A. Atmika
Role of Risk Management in Effective Maintenance
H.A. Yuniarto and P.F. Paristiawati
Redesign Combustion Air Shelter of the Furnace to Improve the Performance in Melting
Bronze for Manufacturing Gamelan
I.G.N. Priambadi, I.K.G. Sugita, A.A.I.A.S. Komaladewi, K. Astawa and I.W.B. Adnyana
Model of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission from Motorcycle to the Manufactures, Engine
Displacement, Service Life and Travel Speed
A.M. Mulyadi and S. Gunarta
Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Condensed Flow on the Vertical
Wave Plates
W.H. Piarah and Z. Djafar
Forces Analysis on a Spherical Shaped Delivery Valve of Hydram Pump
M. Suarda
The Influence of Distance Variation between Rings with Sloping Position on the Cylinder
Surface to Drag Coefficient
S.P.G.G. Tista, A. Ghurri and H. Wijaksana
Auto PID Tuning of Speed Control of DC Motor Using Particle Swarm Optimization Based
on FPGA
H. Tayara, D.J. Lee and K.T. Chong
Mobile Robot Motion Planning to Avoid Obstacle Using Modified Ant Colony Optimization
N. Habib, A. Soeprijanto, D. Purwanto and M.H. Purnomo
Mobile Robot Motion Control Using Laguerre-Based Model Predictive Control
M. Chipofya, D.J. Lee and K.T. Chong
Chapter 4: Application of Alternative Energy and Information
Technologies
309
313
319
325
331
337
343
349
355
361
371
377
384
390
396
403
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol 776 (2015) pp 289-293
© (2015) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.776.289
Submitted: 2015-02-17
Accepted: 2015-04-10
Boiling Phenomenon of Tabulate Biomaterial Wick Heat Pipe
Wayan Nata Septiadi1,a, Nandy Putra2,b
1
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Udayana,
Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Bali - Indonesia
Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Indonesia Kampus UI-Depok 16424 Indonesia
a
wayan.nata@gmail.com,
b
nandyputra@eng.ui.ac.id
Key Words: heat pipe, wick, biomaterial
Abstract. This research purposed to know the performance of heat pipe using wick made from
biomaterial. Biomaterial (Coral) is the porous media which has the relative homogenous and small
porous structures. The homogenous structures and the small biomaterial have the better capillarity
and could be used as wick to circulate condensate in heat pipe. The heat pipe made from copper
pipe with 50 mm in length and the inside and outer diameter was 25 mm and 24 mm in each, with
the wick as thick as 1 mm made from Tabulate. Heat sink was adhered to the condenser part of heat
pipe as wide as 637.5 cm2. The study was the observation of phenomena in porous media boiling
between biomaterials with solid copper, in which the observations were made by using High Speed
Video Camera (HSVC). Tabulate biomaterial has the porous structure which quite homogeny and
the best capillary energy. The biomaterial as wick heat pipe could keep the condition of heat pipe
from easily reachs the transition condition.
Introduction
Since the earlier of invention of electronic technology, the production of heat flux is on the
increase and this trend is expected to increase provided that the development of the electronic is
always occurred (Chein et al., 2004). The high amount of heat flux was produced by electronic
equipment give vast challenge to researchers in thermal area to manage this problem (Solomon et
al., 2012). The use of cooler systems which set to work through two phases is greatly used because
the heat transfer through these two phases is better than another cooler system with mono phase
such as heat sink, heat sink fan and liquid cooling block. The combination of porous media in cooler
equipment with two phase also become to use especially as the capillary porous to circulate the
working fluid. Heat pipe it has excellent ability of dissipating heat through the working fluid phase
change.
In addition to working fluid, material, dimension, and form, one of the determinations of heat
pipe performance is wick (Reay et al., 2006). Wick plays important rules in working fluid
circulation especially when condensate process returns to the evaporator site. Wick in heat pipe is a
capillary structure and an artery which function as a returning canal from the working fluid of
condenser to the evaporator site through adiabatic site (Mudawar, 2001). Therefore, wick plays an
important role in heat pipe (Weibel et al., 2010). There are variety of wick, starting from screen
mesh, sintered powder, groove, and wire which all made from metal, composite, ceramic and
biomaterial (Harris, 2008; Li et al., 2010; Deng et al., 2013; Kempers et al., 2008; Putra et al.,
2013).
There are many researches in wick areas that have been done, take an example, Jinwang Li et al.
(2010) studied the ability of capillary axis in pumping fluid (capillaries of wick) in sintered powder
wick and this research found that the capillarity of wick increase with the improving of porosity
290
Recent Decisions in Technologies for Sustainable Development
level from wick. K.C Leong et al. (1997) also had characterized the effect of sintering temperature
(800oC and 1000oC) and sintering time to the porosity of wick. There are also lots of researches
have been done relating to wick heat pipe (Mishra et al., 2010; Tang et al., 2010; Holley et al.,
2006; Lago et al., 2001).
Biomaterial (Coral) is the porous media which has the relative homogenous and small porous
structures. This homogenous structures and the small biomaterial have the better capillarity and
could be used as wick to circulate condensate in heat pipe. The proposed of this research is to study
the performance of heat pipe in applying biomaterial as the base material of wick.
Methods
The preparation of biomaterial and solid cupper wick
Wick heat pipe made from tabulate biomaterial and the average of the mean pour diameter ±
52.95 µm obtained from the test results of SEM, as it could be seen from figure 1. Figures show that
the pore structure of tabulate biomaterials quite homogeneous with the pore diameter range is from
20 µm to 60 µm. Wick had 50 mm in length, and 15 mm and 14 mm in diameter respectively. Wick
also made with solid copper which is formed of the same size.
Fig 1. (a) Biomaterial wick and (b) The picture of SEM biomaterial
Experimental set-up
Boiling phenomena observed using boiling tubes made of phyrex and using water distillated as
the working fluid. The cathride heater is submerged in water used as a heat source with load
variation is set by using a DC-power supply.
Fig. 2 Experimental set-up
Cooling process in the condenser uses double-pipe system that is controlled by the flow of fluid
from circulating thermostatic batch (CTB). Testing was done by comparing the bubbles are formed
by the heater which coated with a porous metal surface and the heater which coated with porous
medium tabulate biomaterials. Loading was increase slowly in which conditions the surface
temperature of the wick and working fluid was measured using thermocouple type-K that mounted
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 776
291
each of pieces on the surface and the working fluid. Data measured from the thermocouple was
recorded using c-9174 DAQ and NI module 9211. The pattern and diameter size of the bubbles was
recorded by using High Speed Video Camera (HSVC), as show in the figure 2.
Result and Discussion
The phenomenon of bobble and nucleic form could be seen at Figure 3. The comparison between
heaters without wick biomaterial is studied to analyze the boiling phenomenon in heat pipe owing to
the use of this biomaterial wick. The occurrence of heat flux and the bobble condition and boiling
nucleic is the observation aspect in this study. Heater without the porous layer of biomaterial wick
could be a data base that was observed to compare the difference of the temperature between the
heater wall and heater with the water temperature at the saturation condition with the use of the
quiet homogenous porous media. It also could be seen from the picture that the bobble structure was
small and relative similar to the use of wick biomaterial, compared to without the use of biomaterial
wick at the heater surface. At the same heat flux, the boiling at the heater without biomaterial wick
was about to fuse and form the big bobble. The fuse of this bobble became bigger and this condition
was not effective because the temperature of the wall surface will increase so that the difference of
temperature between wall temperature and saturation temperature would also increase.
Fig 3. (a) pool boiling heater with biomaterial wick, (b) pool boiling heater without wick.
The presence of the capillary wick at the evaporator results a capillary pressure in the
evaporator which impact on the speed of evaporation. Capillary pressure results the increasing of
steam velocity from on the capillary wick to the wick surface thereby increasing or accelerating the
formation of nucleic, so it would be comparable to the speed of evaporation in the evaporator
section (Thuchayapong et al., 2012). Pressure of the liquid-vapor interface in the evaporator was
effect on the rate of vapor from the evaporator to the condenser. This of course will affect the rate of
heat transfer in which the speed of evaporation in the evaporator section is also determined by the
presence on the part of the capillary axis.
292
Recent Decisions in Technologies for Sustainable Development
Fig 4. The comparation of calor flux and the different temperature between heater without and with
wick biomaterial
Figure 4 shows the deviation of temperature (∆T) decreased when the boiling nucleic start to
appear and detach from the wall surface. In this heat transfer, the transient condition could be
prevented. This is a condition which the deviation of temperature was considerable high but the heat
flux was the lowest. The figure shows that with the addition of a porous media in tabulate
biomaterial, the heat flux was relative to the smooth metal surface can be achieved in the
temperature difference between the wall and the temperature saturation of the smaller working fluid.
The The small and uniform bubbles are formed continuously on the biomaterials due to a fairly
homogeneous pore structure. The existence of bubbles that relatively uniform and easily detached to
the surface results the heat from the evaporator can be transferred quickly to the condenser.
Thus, the addition of porous media like biomaterial which has the homogenous porous could
keep the heat pipe from easily reach the transition condition. The same view was also conducted by
Justin A et al. (2012) which tried to study the boiling from the heater using sintered powder at its
surface.
Conclusion
Wick is one of the crucial factor in increasing the performance of heat pipe. The homogenous and
the refined porous structure could increase the capillary energy of the porous media which is used as
the wick heat pipe. Tabulate biomaterial has the porous structure which quite homogen and the best
capillary energy. The biomaterial as wick heat pipe could keep the condition of heat pipe from easily
reach the transition conditon.
Acknowledgements
The author would like thanks to Directorate General of Higher Education (DIKTI) Republic of
Indonesia for funding this research.
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 776
293
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Boiling Phenomenon of
Tabulate Biomaterial Wick Heat
Pipe
by Wayan Nata Septiadi
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Edited by
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Recent Decisions in
Technologies for Sustainable
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Selected, peer reviewed papers from the
3rd International Conference on
Sustainable Technology Development
(ICSTD 2014),
October 30-31, 2014, Bali, Indonesia
Edited by
A. Ghurri, N.P.G. Suardana, N. N. Pujianiki,
I. N. Arya Thanaya, A.A. Diah Parami Dewi,
I. N. Budiarsa, I. W. Widhiada,
I. P. Agung Bayupati and I.N. Satya Kumara
Copyright 2015 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland
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Volume 776 of
Applied Mechanics and Materials
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Preface
This volume was selected from papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on
Sustainable Technology Development (ICSTD Bali 2014), which have been held in Udayana
University Bali during October 30-31, 2014. The conference was organized by Faculty of Engineering,
University of Udayana Bali Indonesia. This conference covered wide range of engineering issues
toward the achievement of sustainablility.
In order to meet high standard of Applied Mechanics and Materials, the organization committee
has made their efforts to do the following things. Firstly, all submitted papers have been reviewed by 2
anonymous expert reviewers, poor quality papers have been rejected after reviewing. Secondly,
periodically review meetings have been held around the reviewers about three times for exchanging
reviewing suggestions. Finally, the conference organization had several preliminary sessions before the
conference. Through efforts of the scientific committee and Editors team, the volume will be the best
collected papers.
We would like to thank the Faculty of Engineering, University of Udayana, the member of
organizing and scientific committees, and also to TTP publisher.
Editors
Ainul Ghurri
N.P.G. Suardana
Ni Nyoman Pujianiki
I Nyoman Arya Thanaya
A.A. Diah Parami Dewi
I Nyoman Budiarsa
I Wayan Widhiada
I Putu Agung Bayupati
I.N. Satya Kumara
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Technologies of Sustainable Development in Civil
Engineering, Transportation and Urban Planning
Sustainable Development of Concrete Using GGBS: Effect of Curing Temperatures on the
Strength Development of Concrete
G. Turu'allo
Properties of Sand Sheet Asphalt Mixture Incorporating Waste Plastic
I.N.A. Thanaya, I.G.R. Purbanto and I.G. Wikarga
Asphalt Pavement Temperature Profile for Tropical Climate in Indonesia
I.M.A. Ariawan, B.S. Subagio and B.H. Setiadji
The Development of Slurry Seal Design with Ordinary Portland Cement Replacement by
Low Calcium Fly Ash
A. Setyawan, D. Sarwono and M.S. Adnan
The Structural Properties Assessment of Thin Hot Mixture Asphalt for Pavement
Preservation
A. Setyawan, A.H. Mustafa Elshawesh and S. As'ad
Mechanical Strength of Hydraulic Binder Made by Blending Type I Portland Cement and
Pozzolan
I.M.A.K. Salain
Laboratory Tests on Failure of Retaining Walls Caused by Sinusoidal Load
A.M. Hidayati, R.W. Sri Prabandiyani and I.W. Redana
Deformation Behavior of Concrete due to the Influence of the Steel Ring Width Variations
as the External Confinement
E. Safitri, I. Imran, Nuroji and S. Asa'ad
Evaluation of High Grade Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete Quality Using NonDestructive Testing Technique
N.N. Kencanawati, J. Fajrin, B. Anshari, Akmaluddin and M. Shigeishi
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Bolted Bamboo Joints without Void Filled
Material
G.M. Oka, A. Triwiyono, A. Awaludin and S. Siswosukarto
The Significant Importance to Measure Road Safety
S.A. Caroline
Accessibility to Location of Activities in Denpasar City, Bali-Indonesia
P.A. Suthanaya
Travel Time Estimation Based on Spot Speed with Instantaneous and Time Slice Model
A.M.H. Mahmudah, A. Budiarto and S.J. Legowo
Port Location Selection Model: Case Study of Tourism Sector in Bali
R.M.N. Budiartha, T. Achmadi and D. Manfaat
Determining Passenger Car Equivalent for Motorcycle at Mid-Block of Sesetan Road
I.G.R. Purbanto
Readiness Criteria: Indonesias’ New Initiative to Ensure Sustainable Development Program
A. Merthayasa
Conceptual Framework of Bidding Strategy in Order to Improve Construction Project
Performance
I.N.Y. Astana, H.A. Rusdi and M.A. Wibowo
The Conceptual Framework of Design Change Effects in Some Project Delivery Systems
A.A.G.A. Yana, H.A. Rusdi and M.A. Wibowo
An Identification of Construction Project Overheads for Sustainable Cost Management and
Controlling Practices (CMCPs)
N.M. Jaya and A. Frederika
Risk Analyses for Riau Regional Water Supply Projects (SPAM), Indonesia
A. Sandhyavitri
3
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30
36
41
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Recent Decisions in Technologies for Sustainable Development
Modeling Discharge of the Bangga Watershed under Climate Change
I.W. Sutapa, M. Bisri, Rispiningtati and L. Montarcih
Water Resources Management of Subak Irrigation System in Bali
I.N. Norken, I.K. Suputra and I.G.N.K. Arsana
Study of the Evolution of Sanur Beach Nourishment Project for Beach Enhancement
I.G.B.S. Dharma and S.S. Efendi
Numerical Simulation of Breaking Waves in a Wave Group by SPH
N.N. Pujianiki
The Study on Bore Piles Foundation of the Reinforced Concrete Arch Bridge Beams of
Tukad Pekerisan and Tukad Penet
I.N. Sutarja and I.W. Wayan Redana
The Importance of the Physical Boundary Line onBali Coastal Tourist Resorts
A. Rajendra, N. Temple and R. Nicholls
Comparative Analysis of Traditional House at Taman Mini Indonesia Indah with Modern
House
S. Purnawan, I.W. Sukania and L. Widodo
133
139
145
151
157
163
169
Chapter 2: Materials and Technologies for a Sustainable Development
The Property and Applicability to Auto Industry of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
R.H. Hu, Z.G. Ma, S. Zheng, C.L. Zheng and A.J. Jiang
Fracture Parameters of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polycarbonate Composite
Fabricated by Injection Molding Process
M.G. Hwang, G.H. Kim, H.J. Park, Y.G. Lee, C.M. Yang, J.K. Lim and H.Y. Kang
Effect of Polar Extract of Cocoa Peels Inhibitor on Mechanical Properties and
Microstructure of Mild Steel Exposed in Hydrocloric Acid
Gunawarman, Y. Yetri, Emriadi, N. Jamarun, Ken-Cho, M. Nakai and M. Niinomi
Hardness Distribution and Effective Case Depth of Low Carbon Steel after Pack
Carburizing Process under Different Carburizer
D.N.K.P. Negara, I.D.M.K. Muku, I.K.G. Sugita, I.M. Astika, I.W. Mustika and D.G.R. Prasetya
The Effect of Solidification on Acoustical of Tin Bronze 20Sn Alloy
I.K.G. Sugita and I.G.N. Priambadi
Morphological Analyses and Crystalline Structures of Anodic TiO2 Thin Film on Ti6Al4V
Alloy Using Phosphate and Calcium Containing Electrolyte under Different Voltage and
Calcium Molarity
I.N.G. Antara, K.I.M. Gatot, I.M. Budiana and D.K. Choi
Determination of Optimal Clinker Factor in Cement Production by Chemical Grinding
Aids Addition
T. Eryanto and E. Amrina
Wear of Carbon Steel (0.65%C) in Rolling-Sliding Contact with Creep Ratio
M. Widiyarta, T.G.T. Nindhia and H. Mudiastrawan
Hardness Prediction Based on P-h Curves and Inverse Material Parameters Estimation
I.N. Budiarsa
The Influence of Austenisation Temperature and Holding Time on Mechanical Properties,
Scale Thickness, and Microstructure in Alloy Steel
A. Aziz, M. Hidayat and I. Hardiyanti
Hardness, Density and Porosity of Al/(SiCw+Al2O3p) Composite by Powder Metallurgy
Process without and with Sintering
K. Suarsana and R. Soenoko
Development of Fiberglass Woven Roving Composite as an Alternative Material for the
Hull of Fishing Boat
Winarto, W. Eddy, R. Liza and H. Syamsul
Tensile Strength of Banana Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites Materials
A.P. Irawan and I.W. Sukania
Green Composites Based on Recycled Plastic Reinforced Local Sisal Fibers
N.P.G. Suardana, N.M. Suaniti and I.P. Lokantara
Cement Bonded Sol-Gel TiO2 Powder Photocatalysis for Phenol Removal
N. Hafizah and I. Sopyan
179
186
193
201
208
215
223
229
233
239
246
253
260
264
271
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 776
Review on Zn-Based Alloys as Potential Biodegradable Medical Devices Materials
M.S. Dambatta, D. Kurniawan, S. Izman, B. Yahaya and H. Hermawan
Bone Implant Materials from Eggshell Waste
I. Sopyan
Boiling Phenomenon of Tabulate Biomaterial Wick Heat Pipe
W.N. Septiadi and N. Putra
Fluidization Characteristic of Sewage Sludge Particles
I.N.S. Winaya, R.S. Hartati and I.N.G. Sujana
Design of Fluidized Bed Co-Gasifier of Coal and Wastes Fuels
I.N.S. Winaya, R.S. Hartati, I.P. Lokantara, I.G. Subawa and I.M.A. Putrawan
c
277
282
289
294
300
Chapter 3: Advanced Decisions in Mechanical Engineering
Magnetic Camera and its Applications in Aging Aircraft, Express Train and Pipelines for
Green Technology
J.Y. Lee and J.M. Kim
Buckling Analysis on Pechiko Field of Fixed Offshore Platform in Makassar Strait
M.Z.M. Alie, Y.R. Palentek and D.G. Sesa
Simulation of a Differential-Drive Wheeled Mobile Lego Robot Mindstorms NXT
I.W. Widhiada, C.G.I. Partha and Y.A.P. Wayan Reza
Design and Simulation of Five Fingers Gripper for Dexterous Pick-Up Various of
Components
I.W. Widhiada, E. Pitowarno, C.G.I. Partha and Y.A.P. Wayan Reza
Tar Balls Collector for Mechanical Recovery in Combating Oil Spill on the Marine
Environment
C.P. Mahandari, M. Yamin and D.S.A. Asandi
Three Wheel Bike as Physical Therapy Equipment for Post-Stroke Patient
I.M.L. Batan, Rodika and M. Riva'i
Geometric Progression Application in Design Transmission Gear Ratio
A.A.I.A.S. Komaladewi, I.G.A.K. Suriadi and I.K.A. Atmika
Role of Risk Management in Effective Maintenance
H.A. Yuniarto and P.F. Paristiawati
Redesign Combustion Air Shelter of the Furnace to Improve the Performance in Melting
Bronze for Manufacturing Gamelan
I.G.N. Priambadi, I.K.G. Sugita, A.A.I.A.S. Komaladewi, K. Astawa and I.W.B. Adnyana
Model of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission from Motorcycle to the Manufactures, Engine
Displacement, Service Life and Travel Speed
A.M. Mulyadi and S. Gunarta
Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Condensed Flow on the Vertical
Wave Plates
W.H. Piarah and Z. Djafar
Forces Analysis on a Spherical Shaped Delivery Valve of Hydram Pump
M. Suarda
The Influence of Distance Variation between Rings with Sloping Position on the Cylinder
Surface to Drag Coefficient
S.P.G.G. Tista, A. Ghurri and H. Wijaksana
Auto PID Tuning of Speed Control of DC Motor Using Particle Swarm Optimization Based
on FPGA
H. Tayara, D.J. Lee and K.T. Chong
Mobile Robot Motion Planning to Avoid Obstacle Using Modified Ant Colony Optimization
N. Habib, A. Soeprijanto, D. Purwanto and M.H. Purnomo
Mobile Robot Motion Control Using Laguerre-Based Model Predictive Control
M. Chipofya, D.J. Lee and K.T. Chong
Chapter 4: Application of Alternative Energy and Information
Technologies
309
313
319
325
331
337
343
349
355
361
371
377
384
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403
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol 776 (2015) pp 289-293
© (2015) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.776.289
Submitted: 2015-02-17
Accepted: 2015-04-10
Boiling Phenomenon of Tabulate Biomaterial Wick Heat Pipe
Wayan Nata Septiadi1,a, Nandy Putra2,b
1
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Udayana,
Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Bali - Indonesia
Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Indonesia Kampus UI-Depok 16424 Indonesia
a
wayan.nata@gmail.com,
b
nandyputra@eng.ui.ac.id
Key Words: heat pipe, wick, biomaterial
Abstract. This research purposed to know the performance of heat pipe using wick made from
biomaterial. Biomaterial (Coral) is the porous media which has the relative homogenous and small
porous structures. The homogenous structures and the small biomaterial have the better capillarity
and could be used as wick to circulate condensate in heat pipe. The heat pipe made from copper
pipe with 50 mm in length and the inside and outer diameter was 25 mm and 24 mm in each, with
the wick as thick as 1 mm made from Tabulate. Heat sink was adhered to the condenser part of heat
pipe as wide as 637.5 cm2. The study was the observation of phenomena in porous media boiling
between biomaterials with solid copper, in which the observations were made by using High Speed
Video Camera (HSVC). Tabulate biomaterial has the porous structure which quite homogeny and
the best capillary energy. The biomaterial as wick heat pipe could keep the condition of heat pipe
from easily reachs the transition condition.
Introduction
Since the earlier of invention of electronic technology, the production of heat flux is on the
increase and this trend is expected to increase provided that the development of the electronic is
always occurred (Chein et al., 2004). The high amount of heat flux was produced by electronic
equipment give vast challenge to researchers in thermal area to manage this problem (Solomon et
al., 2012). The use of cooler systems which set to work through two phases is greatly used because
the heat transfer through these two phases is better than another cooler system with mono phase
such as heat sink, heat sink fan and liquid cooling block. The combination of porous media in cooler
equipment with two phase also become to use especially as the capillary porous to circulate the
working fluid. Heat pipe it has excellent ability of dissipating heat through the working fluid phase
change.
In addition to working fluid, material, dimension, and form, one of the determinations of heat
pipe performance is wick (Reay et al., 2006). Wick plays important rules in working fluid
circulation especially when condensate process returns to the evaporator site. Wick in heat pipe is a
capillary structure and an artery which function as a returning canal from the working fluid of
condenser to the evaporator site through adiabatic site (Mudawar, 2001). Therefore, wick plays an
important role in heat pipe (Weibel et al., 2010). There are variety of wick, starting from screen
mesh, sintered powder, groove, and wire which all made from metal, composite, ceramic and
biomaterial (Harris, 2008; Li et al., 2010; Deng et al., 2013; Kempers et al., 2008; Putra et al.,
2013).
There are many researches in wick areas that have been done, take an example, Jinwang Li et al.
(2010) studied the ability of capillary axis in pumping fluid (capillaries of wick) in sintered powder
wick and this research found that the capillarity of wick increase with the improving of porosity
290
Recent Decisions in Technologies for Sustainable Development
level from wick. K.C Leong et al. (1997) also had characterized the effect of sintering temperature
(800oC and 1000oC) and sintering time to the porosity of wick. There are also lots of researches
have been done relating to wick heat pipe (Mishra et al., 2010; Tang et al., 2010; Holley et al.,
2006; Lago et al., 2001).
Biomaterial (Coral) is the porous media which has the relative homogenous and small porous
structures. This homogenous structures and the small biomaterial have the better capillarity and
could be used as wick to circulate condensate in heat pipe. The proposed of this research is to study
the performance of heat pipe in applying biomaterial as the base material of wick.
Methods
The preparation of biomaterial and solid cupper wick
Wick heat pipe made from tabulate biomaterial and the average of the mean pour diameter ±
52.95 µm obtained from the test results of SEM, as it could be seen from figure 1. Figures show that
the pore structure of tabulate biomaterials quite homogeneous with the pore diameter range is from
20 µm to 60 µm. Wick had 50 mm in length, and 15 mm and 14 mm in diameter respectively. Wick
also made with solid copper which is formed of the same size.
Fig 1. (a) Biomaterial wick and (b) The picture of SEM biomaterial
Experimental set-up
Boiling phenomena observed using boiling tubes made of phyrex and using water distillated as
the working fluid. The cathride heater is submerged in water used as a heat source with load
variation is set by using a DC-power supply.
Fig. 2 Experimental set-up
Cooling process in the condenser uses double-pipe system that is controlled by the flow of fluid
from circulating thermostatic batch (CTB). Testing was done by comparing the bubbles are formed
by the heater which coated with a porous metal surface and the heater which coated with porous
medium tabulate biomaterials. Loading was increase slowly in which conditions the surface
temperature of the wick and working fluid was measured using thermocouple type-K that mounted
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 776
291
each of pieces on the surface and the working fluid. Data measured from the thermocouple was
recorded using c-9174 DAQ and NI module 9211. The pattern and diameter size of the bubbles was
recorded by using High Speed Video Camera (HSVC), as show in the figure 2.
Result and Discussion
The phenomenon of bobble and nucleic form could be seen at Figure 3. The comparison between
heaters without wick biomaterial is studied to analyze the boiling phenomenon in heat pipe owing to
the use of this biomaterial wick. The occurrence of heat flux and the bobble condition and boiling
nucleic is the observation aspect in this study. Heater without the porous layer of biomaterial wick
could be a data base that was observed to compare the difference of the temperature between the
heater wall and heater with the water temperature at the saturation condition with the use of the
quiet homogenous porous media. It also could be seen from the picture that the bobble structure was
small and relative similar to the use of wick biomaterial, compared to without the use of biomaterial
wick at the heater surface. At the same heat flux, the boiling at the heater without biomaterial wick
was about to fuse and form the big bobble. The fuse of this bobble became bigger and this condition
was not effective because the temperature of the wall surface will increase so that the difference of
temperature between wall temperature and saturation temperature would also increase.
Fig 3. (a) pool boiling heater with biomaterial wick, (b) pool boiling heater without wick.
The presence of the capillary wick at the evaporator results a capillary pressure in the
evaporator which impact on the speed of evaporation. Capillary pressure results the increasing of
steam velocity from on the capillary wick to the wick surface thereby increasing or accelerating the
formation of nucleic, so it would be comparable to the speed of evaporation in the evaporator
section (Thuchayapong et al., 2012). Pressure of the liquid-vapor interface in the evaporator was
effect on the rate of vapor from the evaporator to the condenser. This of course will affect the rate of
heat transfer in which the speed of evaporation in the evaporator section is also determined by the
presence on the part of the capillary axis.
292
Recent Decisions in Technologies for Sustainable Development
Fig 4. The comparation of calor flux and the different temperature between heater without and with
wick biomaterial
Figure 4 shows the deviation of temperature (∆T) decreased when the boiling nucleic start to
appear and detach from the wall surface. In this heat transfer, the transient condition could be
prevented. This is a condition which the deviation of temperature was considerable high but the heat
flux was the lowest. The figure shows that with the addition of a porous media in tabulate
biomaterial, the heat flux was relative to the smooth metal surface can be achieved in the
temperature difference between the wall and the temperature saturation of the smaller working fluid.
The The small and uniform bubbles are formed continuously on the biomaterials due to a fairly
homogeneous pore structure. The existence of bubbles that relatively uniform and easily detached to
the surface results the heat from the evaporator can be transferred quickly to the condenser.
Thus, the addition of porous media like biomaterial which has the homogenous porous could
keep the heat pipe from easily reach the transition condition. The same view was also conducted by
Justin A et al. (2012) which tried to study the boiling from the heater using sintered powder at its
surface.
Conclusion
Wick is one of the crucial factor in increasing the performance of heat pipe. The homogenous and
the refined porous structure could increase the capillary energy of the porous media which is used as
the wick heat pipe. Tabulate biomaterial has the porous structure which quite homogen and the best
capillary energy. The biomaterial as wick heat pipe could keep the condition of heat pipe from easily
reach the transition conditon.
Acknowledgements
The author would like thanks to Directorate General of Higher Education (DIKTI) Republic of
Indonesia for funding this research.
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 776
293
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Boiling Phenomenon of
Tabulate Biomaterial Wick Heat
Pipe
by Wayan Nata Septiadi
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