Desain Dan Penyelidikan Respon Mekanik Cover Bumper Paduan Bahan Concrete Foam Diperkuat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Akibat Beban Impak Dengan Menggunakan Ansys
DESAIN DAN PENYELIDIKAN RESPON MEKANIK COVER
BUMPER PADUAN BAHAN CONCRETE FOAM DIPERKUAT
TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT AKIBAT BEBAN IMPAK
DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ANSYS
THESIS
OLEH
ALEXANDER SEBAYANG
147015001
Oleh :
MAGISTER TEKNIK MESIN
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2017
1
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2
DESAIN DAN PENYELIDIKAN RESPON MEKANIK COVER
BUMPER PADUAN BAHAN CONCRETE FOAM DIPERKUAT
TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT AKIBAT BEBAN IMPAK
DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ANSYS
TESIS
Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Magister Teknik
Pada Program Studi Magister Teknik Mesin
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sumatera Utara
OLEH
ALEXANDER SEBAYANG
147015001/MTM
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
3
ABSTRAK
Cover bumper dari bahan komposit concrete foam diperkuat serat tandan kosong
kelapa sawit (TKKS) berfungsi sebagai pendukung kebersihan lingkungan kampus,
pendukung fasilitas parkir, serta menghindari kecelakaan. Dengan menggunakan
cover bumper area parkir Magister Teknik Mesin akan lebih aman dan bersih. Pada
penelitian ini cover bumper didesain dan diproduksi untuk memenuhi dua kebutuhan
di atas, yaitu: fungsi penutup drainase dan fungsi parking bumper. Cover bumper
terdiri dari dua tipe, yaitu tipe 1 dan 2. Kedua ujung cover bumper disiapkan dengan
3 model, yaitu model dengan ujung tipe A, B, dan C. Ujung cover bumper dengan
bentuk tipe A dibuat dengan variasi 3 sudut yaitu 30˚, 45˚, dan 60˚, akan dianalisa.
Semua spesimen cover bumper di desain dan di analisa menggunakan software
ANSYS. Dari hasil simulasi dinamik diperoleh nilai equivalent stress terkecil adalah
pada cover bumper tipe 1A dengan sudut 30˚ sebesar 5,3856 MPa dan pada simulasi
statik nilai terkecil berada pada tipe 2A dengan sudut 60˚, yaitu sebesar 3,865 MPa.
Analisa ANSYS dinamik dan statik didukung dengan pengujian lindas di stasiun
lindas yang berlokasi di area parkiran Magister Teknik Mesin USU dengan hasil
bahwa tipe 1 lebih kuat dari tipe 2, dengan pengujian lindas 2 terjadi keretakan pada
tipe 2.
Kata Kunci: Cover bumper, Parking bumper, Concrete foam, Serat Tandan Kosong
Kelapa Sawit (TKKS), Sofware ANSYS, Simulasi static, Simulasi Dinamic.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
4
ABSTRACT
Cover bumper from concrete foam material reinforced fiber bunch of empty palm
bunches (EFB) serves as a supporter of the cleanliness of the campus environment,
support parking facilities, and avoid accidents. By using bumper cover the parking
area of Master of Mechanical Engineering will be safer and cleaner. In this study the
bumper cover is designed and manufactured to meet the two needs above, namely:
drainage cover function and parking bumper function. Cover bumper consists of two
types, namely type 1 and 2. Both ends of bumper cover is prepared with 3 models,
namely the model with the tip type A, B, and C. Edge bumper cover with the type A
shape made with 3 angle variations of 30˚, 45˚, and 60˚, Will be analyzed using. All
bumper cover specimens are designed and analyzed using ANSYS software. From
the dynamic simulation results obtained the smallest equivalent stress value is on the
bumper cover type 1A with a 30˚ angle of 5.3856 MPa and the static simulation of
the smallest value is in type 2A with an angle of 60˚, which is 3.865 MPa. Analysis
of dynamic and static ANSYS is supported by parking testing at parking station
located in the parking area of Master of Mechanical Engineering USU with the result
that type 1 is stronger than type 2, with the type 2 of parking test occurs crack in
type 2.
Keywords: Cover bumper, Parking bumper, Concrete foam, Empty Fibers of Palm
Oil (TKKS), ANSYS Software, Static Simulation, Dinamic Simulation
Universitas Sumatera Utara
5
Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
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DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR......................................................................................................i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN............................................................................................ii
DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................................iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR......................................................................................................vi
DAFTAR TABEL R....................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR NOTASI ........................................................................................................xi
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN................................................................................................i
1.1 Latar blakang.................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Rumusan Masalah.......................................................................................... 4
1.3Tujuan Penelitian............................................................................................ 6
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ....................................................................................... 7
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus Batasan Masalah Penelitian ......................................... 7
1.4Batasan Masalah Penelitian7
BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA...................................................................................... 9
2.1
Drainase ........................................................................................................ 10
2.2
Standar penutup drainase .............................................................................. 10
2.3
Fungsi drainase ............................................................................................. 12
2.4
Jenis-jenis dan pola drainase........................................................................ 12
2.4.1 Menurut cara terbentuknya....................................................................... 12
2.4.2 Menurut letak saluran .............................................................................. 13
2.4.3 Menurut fungsi........................................................................................ 13
2.5
Bentuk Penampang Saluran .......................................................................... 14
2.51 Segitiga ................................................................................................ 15
2.52 Perseegi ................................................................................................ 15
2.53 Segitiga ................................................................................................ 15
2.54 Setengah lingkaran ................................................................................ 15
2.6
Sistem Jaringan drainase............................................................................... 16
2.6.1 Sistem drainase mayor ....................................................................... 16
2.6.2 Sistem drainase mikro......................................................................... 17
2.7
Dampak Penutup drainase yang Tidak Baik ................................................. 17
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2.8
Parking Bumper ............................................................................................ 18
2.9
Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS)......................................................... 25
2.10 Bahan Komposit................................................................................................... 28
2.10 Klasifikasi Material Komposi t ............................................................................ 31
2.11 Prosedur pembuatan cover parking bump paduan bahan concrete foam............ 32
2.10 Bahan Komposit................................................................................................... 28
BAB 3 METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................................. 50
3.1
Alat dan Bahan.............................................................................................. 34
3.2
Desain cover bump........................................................................................ 34
3.3
Desain Penutup drainase ............................................................................... 35
3.3.1 Desain Penutup drainase......................................................................... 35
3.4
Parameter desain ............................................................................................. 36
3.5
Aspek pemilihan desain cover bump.............................................................. 36
3.6
Simulasi Statik menggunakan Software ANSYS ............................................. 38
3.7
Bagan Alir Simulasi Statik ................................................................................ 47
3.8
Uji Lindas......................................................................................................... 48
3.9
Diagram Alir Penelitian .................................................................................. 50
BAB 4 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ......................................................................... 50
4.1 Pendahuluan............................................................................................ 52
4.2 Hasil pembuatan cover bumper .............................................................. 52
4.3 Simulasi menggunakan ANSYS Workbench............................................ 55
4.3.1 Hasil Simulasi Statik........................................................................ 58
4.3.1.1 Equivalent stress Parking Bump..................................................... 58
4.3.1.2 Stress Sumbu x Parking Bump ....................................................... 61
4.3.1.3 Stress Sumbu y Parking Bump ....................................................... 64
4.3.1.4 Total Deformasi Parking Bump ...................................................... 67
4.3.1.5 Equivalent Stress Cover Bump Tipe 1 ............................................ 71
4.3.1.6 Stress Sumbu x Cover Bump Tipe 1 ............................................... 74
4.3.1.7 Stress Sumbu y Cover Bump Tipe 1 ............................................... 77
4.3.1.8 Total Deformasi Cover Bump Tipe 1.............................................. 80
4.3.1.9 Equivalent Stress Cover Bump Tipe 2 ............................................ 84
4.3.1.10 Stress Sumbu x Cover Bump Tipe 2 ............................................... 87
Universitas Sumatera Utara
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4.3.1.11 Stress Sumbu y Cover Bump Tipe 2 ............................................... 90
4.3.1.12 Total Deformasi Cover Bump Tipe 2.............................................. 93
4.3.2.13 Hasil Simulasi Dinamik ................................................................. 97
4.3.2.1 Equivalent stress Parking Bump ........................................................ 97
4.3.2.2 Stress Sumbu x Parking Bump........................................................ 100
4.3.2.3 Stress Sumbu y Parking Bump........................................................ 103
4.3.2.4 Total Deformasi Parking Bump ...................................................... 106
4.3.2.5 Equivalent Stress Cover Bump Tipe 1............................................. 110
4.3.2.6 Stress Sumbu x Cover Bump Tipe 1................................................ 113
4.3.2.7 Stress Sumbu y Cover Bump Tipe 1................................................ 116
4.3.2.8 Total Deformasi Cover Bump Tipe 1 .............................................. 119
4.3.2.9 Equivalent Stress Cover Bump Tipe 2............................................. 123
4.3.2.10 Stress Sumbu x Cover Bump Tipe 2................................................ 126
4.3.2.11 Stress Sumbu y Cover Bump Tipe 2................................................ 129
4.3.2.12 Total Deformasi Cover Bump Tipe 2 .............................................. 132
4.4
Data Hasil Simulasi ................................................................................ 136
4.5
Hasil Uji Lindas ...................................................................................... 182
BAB 5 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
186
5.1
Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 186
5.1
Saranl ...................................................................................................... 187
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
15
Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
BUMPER PADUAN BAHAN CONCRETE FOAM DIPERKUAT
TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT AKIBAT BEBAN IMPAK
DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ANSYS
THESIS
OLEH
ALEXANDER SEBAYANG
147015001
Oleh :
MAGISTER TEKNIK MESIN
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2017
1
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2
DESAIN DAN PENYELIDIKAN RESPON MEKANIK COVER
BUMPER PADUAN BAHAN CONCRETE FOAM DIPERKUAT
TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT AKIBAT BEBAN IMPAK
DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ANSYS
TESIS
Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Magister Teknik
Pada Program Studi Magister Teknik Mesin
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sumatera Utara
OLEH
ALEXANDER SEBAYANG
147015001/MTM
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
3
ABSTRAK
Cover bumper dari bahan komposit concrete foam diperkuat serat tandan kosong
kelapa sawit (TKKS) berfungsi sebagai pendukung kebersihan lingkungan kampus,
pendukung fasilitas parkir, serta menghindari kecelakaan. Dengan menggunakan
cover bumper area parkir Magister Teknik Mesin akan lebih aman dan bersih. Pada
penelitian ini cover bumper didesain dan diproduksi untuk memenuhi dua kebutuhan
di atas, yaitu: fungsi penutup drainase dan fungsi parking bumper. Cover bumper
terdiri dari dua tipe, yaitu tipe 1 dan 2. Kedua ujung cover bumper disiapkan dengan
3 model, yaitu model dengan ujung tipe A, B, dan C. Ujung cover bumper dengan
bentuk tipe A dibuat dengan variasi 3 sudut yaitu 30˚, 45˚, dan 60˚, akan dianalisa.
Semua spesimen cover bumper di desain dan di analisa menggunakan software
ANSYS. Dari hasil simulasi dinamik diperoleh nilai equivalent stress terkecil adalah
pada cover bumper tipe 1A dengan sudut 30˚ sebesar 5,3856 MPa dan pada simulasi
statik nilai terkecil berada pada tipe 2A dengan sudut 60˚, yaitu sebesar 3,865 MPa.
Analisa ANSYS dinamik dan statik didukung dengan pengujian lindas di stasiun
lindas yang berlokasi di area parkiran Magister Teknik Mesin USU dengan hasil
bahwa tipe 1 lebih kuat dari tipe 2, dengan pengujian lindas 2 terjadi keretakan pada
tipe 2.
Kata Kunci: Cover bumper, Parking bumper, Concrete foam, Serat Tandan Kosong
Kelapa Sawit (TKKS), Sofware ANSYS, Simulasi static, Simulasi Dinamic.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
4
ABSTRACT
Cover bumper from concrete foam material reinforced fiber bunch of empty palm
bunches (EFB) serves as a supporter of the cleanliness of the campus environment,
support parking facilities, and avoid accidents. By using bumper cover the parking
area of Master of Mechanical Engineering will be safer and cleaner. In this study the
bumper cover is designed and manufactured to meet the two needs above, namely:
drainage cover function and parking bumper function. Cover bumper consists of two
types, namely type 1 and 2. Both ends of bumper cover is prepared with 3 models,
namely the model with the tip type A, B, and C. Edge bumper cover with the type A
shape made with 3 angle variations of 30˚, 45˚, and 60˚, Will be analyzed using. All
bumper cover specimens are designed and analyzed using ANSYS software. From
the dynamic simulation results obtained the smallest equivalent stress value is on the
bumper cover type 1A with a 30˚ angle of 5.3856 MPa and the static simulation of
the smallest value is in type 2A with an angle of 60˚, which is 3.865 MPa. Analysis
of dynamic and static ANSYS is supported by parking testing at parking station
located in the parking area of Master of Mechanical Engineering USU with the result
that type 1 is stronger than type 2, with the type 2 of parking test occurs crack in
type 2.
Keywords: Cover bumper, Parking bumper, Concrete foam, Empty Fibers of Palm
Oil (TKKS), ANSYS Software, Static Simulation, Dinamic Simulation
Universitas Sumatera Utara
5
Universitas Sumatera Utara
6
Universitas Sumatera Utara
7
Universitas Sumatera Utara
8
Universitas Sumatera Utara
9
Universitas Sumatera Utara
10
DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR......................................................................................................i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN............................................................................................ii
DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................................iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR......................................................................................................vi
DAFTAR TABEL R....................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR NOTASI ........................................................................................................xi
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN................................................................................................i
1.1 Latar blakang.................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Rumusan Masalah.......................................................................................... 4
1.3Tujuan Penelitian............................................................................................ 6
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ....................................................................................... 7
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus Batasan Masalah Penelitian ......................................... 7
1.4Batasan Masalah Penelitian7
BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA...................................................................................... 9
2.1
Drainase ........................................................................................................ 10
2.2
Standar penutup drainase .............................................................................. 10
2.3
Fungsi drainase ............................................................................................. 12
2.4
Jenis-jenis dan pola drainase........................................................................ 12
2.4.1 Menurut cara terbentuknya....................................................................... 12
2.4.2 Menurut letak saluran .............................................................................. 13
2.4.3 Menurut fungsi........................................................................................ 13
2.5
Bentuk Penampang Saluran .......................................................................... 14
2.51 Segitiga ................................................................................................ 15
2.52 Perseegi ................................................................................................ 15
2.53 Segitiga ................................................................................................ 15
2.54 Setengah lingkaran ................................................................................ 15
2.6
Sistem Jaringan drainase............................................................................... 16
2.6.1 Sistem drainase mayor ....................................................................... 16
2.6.2 Sistem drainase mikro......................................................................... 17
2.7
Dampak Penutup drainase yang Tidak Baik ................................................. 17
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2.8
Parking Bumper ............................................................................................ 18
2.9
Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS)......................................................... 25
2.10 Bahan Komposit................................................................................................... 28
2.10 Klasifikasi Material Komposi t ............................................................................ 31
2.11 Prosedur pembuatan cover parking bump paduan bahan concrete foam............ 32
2.10 Bahan Komposit................................................................................................... 28
BAB 3 METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................................. 50
3.1
Alat dan Bahan.............................................................................................. 34
3.2
Desain cover bump........................................................................................ 34
3.3
Desain Penutup drainase ............................................................................... 35
3.3.1 Desain Penutup drainase......................................................................... 35
3.4
Parameter desain ............................................................................................. 36
3.5
Aspek pemilihan desain cover bump.............................................................. 36
3.6
Simulasi Statik menggunakan Software ANSYS ............................................. 38
3.7
Bagan Alir Simulasi Statik ................................................................................ 47
3.8
Uji Lindas......................................................................................................... 48
3.9
Diagram Alir Penelitian .................................................................................. 50
BAB 4 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ......................................................................... 50
4.1 Pendahuluan............................................................................................ 52
4.2 Hasil pembuatan cover bumper .............................................................. 52
4.3 Simulasi menggunakan ANSYS Workbench............................................ 55
4.3.1 Hasil Simulasi Statik........................................................................ 58
4.3.1.1 Equivalent stress Parking Bump..................................................... 58
4.3.1.2 Stress Sumbu x Parking Bump ....................................................... 61
4.3.1.3 Stress Sumbu y Parking Bump ....................................................... 64
4.3.1.4 Total Deformasi Parking Bump ...................................................... 67
4.3.1.5 Equivalent Stress Cover Bump Tipe 1 ............................................ 71
4.3.1.6 Stress Sumbu x Cover Bump Tipe 1 ............................................... 74
4.3.1.7 Stress Sumbu y Cover Bump Tipe 1 ............................................... 77
4.3.1.8 Total Deformasi Cover Bump Tipe 1.............................................. 80
4.3.1.9 Equivalent Stress Cover Bump Tipe 2 ............................................ 84
4.3.1.10 Stress Sumbu x Cover Bump Tipe 2 ............................................... 87
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4.3.1.11 Stress Sumbu y Cover Bump Tipe 2 ............................................... 90
4.3.1.12 Total Deformasi Cover Bump Tipe 2.............................................. 93
4.3.2.13 Hasil Simulasi Dinamik ................................................................. 97
4.3.2.1 Equivalent stress Parking Bump ........................................................ 97
4.3.2.2 Stress Sumbu x Parking Bump........................................................ 100
4.3.2.3 Stress Sumbu y Parking Bump........................................................ 103
4.3.2.4 Total Deformasi Parking Bump ...................................................... 106
4.3.2.5 Equivalent Stress Cover Bump Tipe 1............................................. 110
4.3.2.6 Stress Sumbu x Cover Bump Tipe 1................................................ 113
4.3.2.7 Stress Sumbu y Cover Bump Tipe 1................................................ 116
4.3.2.8 Total Deformasi Cover Bump Tipe 1 .............................................. 119
4.3.2.9 Equivalent Stress Cover Bump Tipe 2............................................. 123
4.3.2.10 Stress Sumbu x Cover Bump Tipe 2................................................ 126
4.3.2.11 Stress Sumbu y Cover Bump Tipe 2................................................ 129
4.3.2.12 Total Deformasi Cover Bump Tipe 2 .............................................. 132
4.4
Data Hasil Simulasi ................................................................................ 136
4.5
Hasil Uji Lindas ...................................................................................... 182
BAB 5 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
186
5.1
Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 186
5.1
Saranl ...................................................................................................... 187
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Universitas Sumatera Utara
13
Universitas Sumatera Utara
14
Universitas Sumatera Utara
15
Universitas Sumatera Utara
16
Universitas Sumatera Utara
17
Universitas Sumatera Utara