POLITENESS STRATEGY IN THE SECOND PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE CAMPAIGN OF UNITED STATES 2008 : BARRACK OBAMA AND JOHN McCAIN.

POLMENESS STRATDGY IN TFE SECOND PRESIDDNTIAL
DtrBATtr CAMPAIGN OF UNITOD STATES 2OO8:
AARRICK OBAIU'1 D JOEN M6CAIN

A Ttelis

Subnit

it P.,tial F,trdburt to tt. ,sqait turt
Jot th. D.erte ol s'tjuo s'sta
,l

FEMILA SARI
nEG.05135053

ENGLISIT DEPARTMENT . FACIJLTY OF Lf,T'TERS
ANDALAS UNIWRSITY

?ADANC

20lt

ABSTRAK

iri Dcnsuaiktu tenl E pensgunaaD srmle8i k$annmrn (P,1re,s'J
yds ditenrukd ddan dcbat kanparte kel'esidend ,\merika kedua,
Bmck Obama dar John Mccain Debat kdpeye ini ncnyaiik.n ht-ht
Skripsi

,!r,?rcsf)
anrad
sep

urar pengcnrban 3m sisrcm peEko

n

on

i

m Amenka. Penelition ini benu.jutu unuk

hcndaah jenhjenh staicgi kesanlme yans disunalld olch licdua anli dcb0r
selana dcbat berlangrung de tunssi dari p.nggunMn sHlegi rene6( Dau
dikumtulkd denaa nrengunge3i lido dcbat kmDant€ kpresidenan A Erika
[edu dan intnct y s dipakai sbagai sdbd dala. Dai tiea seri rcku vilco
yane ada" ditenukb liga smpqi lina uj.ran di setiap scn ]dg meneilat priNip
stalegi k€snlunM Brow dd Lelinson. Dao diMtlisis dc.gM nchggunak{n
nerode prddr pEsnratik dmnetodc dkuibulional olch sud"rymu (1993) S€hagd
acun dalan prors penganalisMn dala digunolm Teori kesmtun oleh ts.own tu,

dol6ri

hentonn ( 99,1).
Teduan pcnclitiran nenggambdkd bahwa. penaFa, terdapat enpal slral.gl
sedng disunale oleh kedua ahli debat scl@a dcbat b$longsMg
tcsantunar
lairu ratcgi Pdr'r/rs I'dlld,us, NeEatire lolit?n!:s BdLl .h Rer.td dn!\ Oll
nc.,r1 Kcdur, iujud ul!n! tenggNao sliatesi kesartundo ol.h licdua ahli dcb
adalan dnruL ncnjaga pe.6@ lattu bictra dan ncnsljnd'n lindakan yane dapdl

ntmo di 016 kedua ahli dcbrr
n@sak hdga diri scndiri. Selai. ddi

Lelinso. (1987)

konteks

ol eh

S

1

/rg

tuir

mensgunsr,n statcgi kesantunai untut Ecnpc&uai don mcnt tuhMk
\ebenann arslaen dd faLla. sort! nengkndk argund lawa.

l l Bac kgrou nd of th€ Srudy
PolitTcs
feel

is

d

inlere$ina subjer conccming on hory pcoplc crprc$ thcir

ina or rhou8h. Thc subjet brines somc cotrccprs in dclivcinA .ommuiic0lion

a,noDe people. SimiLdly.

ronsider several choi€s
say

it

polncncs as d communication s{.aresy wheE plople

oldifc.cnl kinds Likc *har rhcy

d witn *hom thc! dc spcrhn!

Iar.g) i, \err ". nrJ

'r

pNpl. ro

t!

makc

r

b

dpo|

d

wanl ro

sat how thcy

sood communicarion, This

d

'

co lributs lor a grat efaect ro htrild s.ciai .elarionship

"o1\.-d o" .-.
lr h$ hecn {aled

hy

coltinan (in RenlenDai l 99r,l2) thdt every panicip l in social prcce$ needs !o

b. appreciated byotheE. One.lthe

exampLes can be found in d0ily

coive6ation

''Would you nind eivine ne ! cup oflea?'
Whether qe Ealize

itor ror-

ihere are cenain communiotion oles rh0r mun bc

llLbwen in cenain contcxl ol silu.lion ro

prcde

social rlarionship

eraDple above, the sDerkcr uscs thc p.silive policne$ in lrder to

s[

lhc

someone

*heiher he G prcvldcd or nor. Thc sp.dlcr sh.ws hls rnnr h] eque{ins. Fnrm

the r€quest above. the utdancc inplics rhat spdkcr des
hearcfs face to do what the speaker's *rnt. Speake.

Thnuah dris conceDr, application

ol

nd1

srnt impre

d6 iol mean rhis uliennce

politenes s€tegies shich h

rxscinxtina to be researched is polilene$ slntesr

in

Prcsidenlial CmDaign

Debarc.llomby(2005.p222)dciincsdcbarcas aformaldiscu$ior!osiNwskill
nndabilll_v in

arluin! . Thccsscnccol$cJcbarc

is ro coDvincc ihc oppoictrt

rid

$e audience regedin-solone of debaref s argumenls. Usu.lly. !debareci paig

i\

ilhRh'ied

's '

hor aid full

no ii'rees of campaisn rries
ftgumetrsro anmct
lcnsion. rhcy

ten{i.i sttrnloi fn'i dehder Fr.h dehre. !.

b

apprec iation

$ill lsc

kilL. nruggle or even mainrain thcn nrong

fren atrdience (:on*queirly, b) haviiS

polnene$ n.atey

ir

lnliof
s$ion

ordcr to win rhc clcdion

elegantlyand get rhc stoatn apprcciarion lom vor€$ tn other w..ds,lhe dehak

ollhey

ar

havi'rg r debde bur

rl$

cM

bc consnhrdl nor only as session

they

erpressthenopliiois. idcas. and ILrlins throtrlh some nrdegics rlrct
lhe ssnd prelidcnrialumpaign

Mccain

is a

[ind.l

a dcbarc or

dcbare 2003i

Baftck ObarH u,d ldni

ii

cconddic issu.5 includin-q al1 missions .nd

visions ol the nominees as a e$enlirl prn ol then cmnrign nnicers

dd)

n

'L

use.

loma]dis.trssioi Nhich conmm aboutlmpotunr

isres lround soclety especi.lly

pT rdc,. elRr'o1

how

i. *.idc rb d b' e. r.e

--€n!isT.uesnder,r.riI\rl pr.1 lh.'r-

op

!,

Rin ihc

. L \ld (o .! '^.

r-pob.,

\' o'r

Econonics Syncm oIUSA wheF mon] Americss losl dreirjob. burdened $ith
high

rles. md lact olhcaLthy lncilnlcs Tlcrclbre.

rhis dcbatc h a modia lor

cmdidatcs to disldbure ard deliver lheir ides in rcrm
p.!blem.

r.. rhon

ol very

this

thc rcscrc coiducs. Considcrin8 lhesc lem. ech candidale

h$ dieir oRn way or pld.s
co0blnine

ol how to solvc

t

solvc rhk problcfr. Id spne

ol lhc dcbrt.

is

sensitive i$Le ol economics developmenr rhere are eme

contolersy behind each cddidares puoo*s.

CIf,A.PTER 4

CONCI-I ]S]ON

Hlling mdyrcd

politeness slDtcsy

i. $c dcb{e

by rclcding to Brorvn ard

Lcvin$n polileness *nlegt and lhe lheory ofconlexl, this r.scar.h obbins $rcml
inreFstins l_ndins fron lhis dal!. Fist, $e

'€sarch

dircoles bolh dcbdlcs apply

well vanous ki.d ol politencss straresy durins the debarc scssion. This r.se.rch
lound

llut

lh€re de lbur

doninml Polileness SlEl€gies lpDlied by Brdck Obtuna

ard.,ohn Mccain in the deblte: Posilivc Polileness. Negaliv. ?olileness, Ofl l{€cord

Second. the research linds thar llErc

rc

dillerences md

sinil{ities bctwftn
lirslisaboul

bolhdebarcrs i n erpEssine pol ilene$ sldtegt along lhe deba'c scssion.

diileftnces.'lhe resdch disc.ve^ tnar cilhcr Obma or Mccnin are upnllins
diiercnr nodcl in usins Pohen€ss sracgy jn lhc
d€bare aE

dillernl

il

diec!!

ed

pmve the fad

Mccain with his deunenl aloig !!c

oder to cr€ale a sood elationship lor bolh olthcmi in thh

posirive polireness phys m inportanl role. While.
Obama

.s $ei! objeclive in $js

Obma as lhe peMn who gcc much aLl,ck

defensively. He docs nol alac( much

dcb.te session

fom,

6

lhe one who scnioi

case

ths Bmack

in Plrliament, I4c Cain plals n.tu oiTensir€ in lhe debatc by arla0tine

Ob@a with sone contovcsy arslnents 10 prcve lhe weatnesss of Obabi,
Regardine ro hh objecrive in convincing the people obout drc nnmcial ciish

dd

Obama's plms, ofcoune lheE aE biB possibilitics rhat ever] Mccai'fs statcment

\vill at@h unaroidabl. Lhrealedns acls in ir. TheEfoE Mccrin shtnly ombincr
scvml qTes of
the

hffir's

Politeness staleCJ 1o rcduc.

f6ce,

Mo@lcl

th. tlEal.ning

entt

ol lns uLGtuce

rhis Ese.rch found lhat lhe doDinml tohcncss srdlcgy

c.mbinorion used byMccdn in this dcbalc is Posililc polilcness combinqiwilh

Record

{nlce!

Ibcsc slnteaies

de ver} idp.tum r.

dcal wilh any

Ol'

inl.ring

sk(cnenl in an unemcc, FunhcrmoE, Mccah Ealizes lbai bc has (h. nission
cnrck out Ohama s nrission on
audience

L vdifu

1o

10

,inscisl fmgrm dd releal oul all lhc Jud lrr tl'c

lhat Obma's plans

ft

imppropriate. Tbc

u$ olcombinaridh

very b€nenl for Mc Cain Io reduce the Esponsibilily in expftssins

r

il

ullcosive

Nexl, in spite ol nmy ditrerences bdr€en Ramck Obam ed ronn Mccain in

udlizing Polireness straLg! duing thc dcbal€

folm, tbe research

notjccs sone

simildilies belwed lhcm. One olObvious simildiLy disc.ve^ is bo$ debalers are

!s

nor ro

Donl do FTA stdleey in thc debalc. Thceforo, bod dcbalcs trc

thal rhis debale cariies a sensitivc issue.lhey

aI lne issue through $e
danseous

ed

F naxinalisl

every chancc k, confim

appropiale slEtesy. nol lo keep

risky utersce

il $e€ h

tqrc

silc..

I

aould be

!

no explmation. This lnct baomes urdlher

prcve lhd shows both debateB arc sr.ar snctlcr.

Iinally. rhis rcsearh aho nnds that theE
stratesy in lhe debarc. I be n$r is to
1o safe

hcu.r's neeativc

face.

sisry

are 1vo

mrn pu+oses.l Polit.n€ss

hcarcfs Posnirc Face md thc s4ond is

Iloweler. lhe rcscarch slso noticcs morhd ptrttose5

using Polilcncss stEregy atrrhed by the speaker in an utteFn.e
in addiiio. can b€

scd lo bridse the rcldionship bclwccn

sp€aker

oi

P.lihess starcgy

dd

heaar or

vi*

rrsd

Politcness stat€gy

convince the

hsre.

ce

be used to

abour

eonnodalBl,t'c sicateis

by

slr€s m aguncnl. to sive citicisn md to

shlenenls. The

obieclive in €xp€ssine

u* ol

polikness slrat€sy

o aeMenl sithoul {Faiening

BIDI,IoGRAPIIY

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