The Occurrence of Humor Due to the Non-Observance of the Gricean Maxims in 2 Broke Girls Season 2.
ABSTRACT
Dalam skripsi ini, saya menganalisis pelanggaran teori bidal atau maksim
yang diperkenalkan oleh Grice (1995). Hasil analisis menggunakan teori bidal ini
akan membantu menjelaskan aturan apa yang menjadi pemicu adanya unsur-unsur
humor di dalam salah satu serial televisi Amerika Serikat yang berjudul 2 Broke
Girls seri ke 2.
Saya mengklasifikasikan pelanggaran yang terjadi dan juga memaparkan
implikatur yang terbentuk dari pelanggaran tersebut. Selanjutnya, untuk
menganalisis humor yang timbul karena adanya pelanggaran bidal yang dilakukan,
saya menggunakan teori incongruity-resolution yang diperkenalkan oleh Jones
(1970), Shultz (1972), and Suls (1972). Dari hasil penelitian, saya dapat
menyimpulkan bahwa efek humor terjadi karena perbedaan antara ekspektasi
penonton dan apa yang sebenarnya terjadi. Selain itu, dari analisis data yang telah
dilakukan oleh saya dapat pula disimpulkan bahwa pelanggaran bidal yang paling
banyak dilanggar adalah flouting a maxim of manner. Hal ini berkaitan dengan
struktur kalimat yang berbelit-belit dengan tujuan untuk menambahkan arti lain
dalam kalimat tersebut untuk melindungi kepentingan diri sendiri.
iii
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................... i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... ii
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... iii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................1
Background of the Study ...................................................................................1
Statement of the problem ..................................................................................4
Purpose of the Study .........................................................................................4
Methods of Research .........................................................................................4
Organization of the Thesis ................................................................................5
CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.......................................6
CHAPTER THREE: ANALYSIS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF .
HUMOR DUE TO THE NON-OBSERVANCE OF THE .
GRICEAN MAXIMS IN 2 BROKE GIRLS SEASON 2 .
......................................................................................... ……………………18
CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION ..................................................................33
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................37
APPENDICES ......................................................................................................38
ii
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Annie Vilenia
15 March 2016/ 08.00
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
In our daily life, sometimes people do not say what they mean directly to
the hearer because of some reasons. And sometimes for some reasons they say
more or less than what they actually mean and sometimes they even say
something that is totally irrelevant with the context of their conversation.
When this situation occurs, the hearer has to find the implied meaning
behind the speaker’s utterance. The hearer has to observe the situation and
condition and after that the hearer has to realize the real message behind the
utterance. If the hearer fails to understand the message behind the speaker’s
utterance, the hearer may misunderstand the message sent by the speaker. This
situation can lead to a different situation depending on the condition the hearer is
in. This may lead to conflict, misunderstanding or humor.
The title of my thesis is “The Occurrence of Humor Due to the NonObservance of Gricean Maxims in 2 Broke Girls Season 2.” The reason for me to
choose this topic is that it always interests me to analyze how a certain
1
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Annie Vilenia
15 March 2016/ 08.00
utterance can make the situation change its direction with or without the speakers’
intention to mislead, to deceive, to express annoyance or to make fun of someone.
This can lead to humor, even though there are some occasions where the hearers
fail to catch the humor simply because they cannot understand it.
The theories I choose to analyze my data belong to one of the branches of
Linguistics called Pragmatics. Pragmatics is the study of meaning, both in use and
in context. Specifically, I will use the theories of Pragmatics called the
cooperative principles and the conversational maxims introduced by H.P. Grice.
Grice’s theories are about the implied meaning or implicature within the speaker’s
utterance when he/she does not observe the maxims. I think this theory is suitable
to analyze the verbal humor in drama series 2 Broke Girls Season 2.
To avoid the hearer’s misunderstanding of the speaker’s implicature, Grice
in his theory suggests a cooperative principle in which the speaker has to “make
their contribution such as is required at the stage which it occurs, by accepted
purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which [they] are engaged” (Thomas,
1995, p. 62).
Grice classifies the cooperative principle into four maxims known as
Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner. When the speaker does not follow one
or more of the cooperative principles, their utterance will not be considered
informative, truthful, relevant, and brief (Thomas, 1995, p. 63). Also, Grice
understands that a speaker is not obligated to always observe a maxim. There are
times when a speaker, with or without any intention, fails to observe the maxims.
That is why Grice introduced five ways of failing to observe a maxim, namely
flouting, violating, opting out, infringing, and suspending a maxim (Thomas,
2
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Annie Vilenia
15 March 2016/ 08.00
1995, p. 64). The theory of maxims used in this thesis to analyze the utterances
will be discussed further in the next chapter of this thesis.
Drama series 2 Broke Girls is a story about Max and Caroline, two best
friends and also business partners who work together with some other employees
at a diner. The situation in this drama series can be found in our daily life. Also,
the jokes made by the characters in this drama series are not only funny but also
easy to understand. This makes this drama series entertaining and worth watching.
There are a few reasons for me to choose this drama series as my data
source. The first reason is the jokes produced by the characters in this drama
series may contain an implicature, as they often fail to observe maxims. The other
reason is the characters’s failure to observe a maxim can lead to different types of
results, such as annoyance, conflict, puzzlement, and also misunderstanding that
can lead to humor.
The analysis of the non-observance of the Gricean Maxims that leads to
humor in drama series 2 Broke Girls Season 2 is quite significant. This study is
conducted to make the reader aware of the fact that in society people tend to
unconsciously generate an implicature in their utterances which can lead to
different results that can affect their daily life. Hopefully, my thesis can become a
good reference for people interested in the similar topic.
Total words: 716
3
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Annie Vilenia
15 March 2016/ 08.00
Statement of the Problem
Based on the topic that I choose, these are the problems to analyze:
1. What types of non-observance of the Gricean maxims are found in the
utterances of the characters in the drama series 2 Broke Girls?
2. What is the implicature of each utterance?
3. How does each type of the non-observance of the maxims in the utterances
lead to humor?
Propose of the Study
In this thesis, I am going to find:
1. the types of non-observance of the Gricean maxims found in the utterances
of the characters in the drama series 2 Broke Girls.
2. the implicature of each utterance.
3. how each type of the non-observance of the maxims in the utterances leads
to humor.
Method of Research
At first, after choosing a particular topic, I studied some literature in the
library and also searched for some relevant data sources for my study from the
Internet. For this reason, I watched some drama series on the Internet that I
thought could be used as my data sources. I found the drama series 2 Broke Girls
suitable for my thesis, therefore I started to gather the data from the dialogues in
the drama series. After that I analyzed the data using the theory of the nonobservance of Gricean maxims. Finally, I wrote the research report.
4
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Annie Vilenia
15 March 2016/ 08.00
Organization of the Thesis
This thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter One is Introduction, which
contains Background of the Study, Statement of the Problem, Purpose of the
Study, Method of Research, and Organization of the Thesis. Chapter Two
contains theoretical Framework, which presents the theories used to analyze my
data. Chapter Three contains the analysis. Finally, Chapter Four contains the
discussion, the results of the analysis and the conclusion. The thesis ends with
Bibliography and Appendix.
5
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION
In this chapter, I would like to conclude the result of this study. The findings
show several types of the non-observance of the Gricean maxims in the utterances
of 2 Broke Girls’ characters, the reasons why their failures lead to humor, and the
analysis of the humor.
From all of the data that I have analyzed it is apparent that flouting the
maxim has been the only type of non-observance of maxim that creates humorous
and hilarious scenes in this TV series. In fact, it is found in the analysis that flouting
the maxim while the other four types of non-observance of the Gricean maxims:
violating the maxim, infringing a maxim, opting out of a maxim, and suspending a
maxim are not found in the data.
The TV series 2 Broke Girls is a comedy TV series with family-oriented
relationship among the characters. Although they are not blood-related they always
help one another. Many characters in this TV series have a high sense of humor and
also wittiness, which may make them flout the maxim throughout the story.
33
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Based on the data I have gathered, the most frequent type of non-observance
of the Gricean maxims in the TV series 2 Broke Girls is flouting the maxim of
manner, with the total of seven occurrences. There are some reasons why the
characters in 2 Broke Girls hide their intentions by using confusing longer sentences.
First, of the total seven data, five of them show that the characters flout the maxim
of manner to imply their disapproval to the other party’s ideas. Second, out of seven
data there are two in which flouting the maxim of manner is used to explain a certain
situation or a description about work ethic. The last reason is to add another
meaning in their statement regarding the topic in hand.
From the result of the analysis, it can be concluded that flouting the maxim
of manner in TV series 2 Broke Girls is effective to support the characters’ intention
to secretly add more meaning to their sentences. This also shows that flouting the
maxim of manner in this TV series is very effective to create humor because the
implied meaning is not found in the sentences that the hearer and the audience hear;
nevertheless, both the hearer and the audience are able to understand it.
The second most frequently used type of non-observance of the Gricean
maxims is flouting the maxim of quantity. There are also a few reasons why a
character in this TV series is considered to flout the maxim of quantity. In two out
of four data, the characters in this TV series are adding more information to make
the other party understand that people cannot always expect something to happen
the way they want in life. The other two data show that the speaker’s intention when
flouting the maxim of quantity is to make the hearer not ask more questions
regarding the topic after the speaker adds more information to their utterances.
34
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
There are only two data of flouting the maxim of quality that are found in
the analysis. They are uttered by Max, one of the main characters in the TV series
2 Broke Girls. In the story, Max is lying to her best friend to imply that she strongly
disagrees with her best friend’s idea to buy something they cannot afford. In this
case, she believes that her best friend will understand the implied meaning in her
utterance. Flouting the maxim of quality in this TV series is very efficient as both
parties know each other so well that the implied meaning is easily understood.
Evidently, there is only one datum regarding the failure to observe the
maxim of relation in this drama series. A character in TV series 2 Broke Girls flouts
the maxim of relation to ridicule the lack knowledge of the other character about
something that is very common. It is apparent that flouting the maxim of relation is
not very effective to rise humor. That is why flouting the maxim of relation is not
frequently used.
After analyzing all of the data in drama TV series 2 Broke Girls season 2 it
is seen that all the total of fourteen data only involve flouting the maxim, whereas
the other four types of non-observance of the Gricean maxims do not occur.
As mentioned before, the humor in the TV series 2 Broke Girls is about
daily lives and well-known jokes or rumors around the time it is aired. Nevertheless,
the audience might not understand some humors that happen in this TV series if
they do not know the terms used in the TV series. For example, one of the scenes
is taking place in a soup’s kitchen. Soup’s kitchen is a place where free food is
provided for the poor. If the audience is not familiar with the term soup’s kitchen,
they will not find the scene funny.
35
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
To end my conclusion, I want to say that TV series 2 Broke Girls season 2
is not only amusing but also informative. The audience is not only presented with
an amusing story that can make laughter but after watching this TV series, people
will also be more informed about how hard it is to work in a big town and to open
a business as well as to run it at the same time.
I hope that this thesis can be useful for everyone who wants to conduct a
study with the same topic, especially students who take Linguistics as their major.
Also, for students who wants to conduct the same topic, I suggest them to make a
background check of the jokes. This is needed to know the situation of the jokes
better, how is the jokes produces by the characters and the real situation related.
Furthermore, I hope that this thesis can help the reader to be more aware about the
use of non-observance of a maxim in daily life and to understand more about the
non-observance of a maxim, including its practice in the society.
(1010)
36
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
THE OCCURENCE OF HUMOR DUE TO
THE NON-OBSERVANCE OF THE GRICEAN
MAXIMS IN 2 BROKE GIRLS SEASON 2
a thesis
submitted to the English Department
of the Faculty of Letters
in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the “Sarjana” degree
ANNIE VILENIA
1141016
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS
MARANATHA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
BANDUNG
2016
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Source:
Nader, M. (Producer), & Scardino, D. (Director). (2012). 2 Broke Girls [Motion
Picture]. Retrieved January 15, 2016, from
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1845307/?ref_=ttco_co_tt
Reference:
Brown Gillian, G. Y. (1983). Discourse analysis. London: Cambridge University
Press. Retrieved October 18, 2016
Etheridge, M., & Lopes, L. (1995). Waterfalls [Recorded by TLC]. On waterfalls
[Youtube]. D. Austin. Retrieved 9 12, 2016, from www.allmusic.com
Suls, J. (1983). Cognitive processes in humor appreciation. In McGhee, P. E.,
&Goldstein, J. H. (Eds.), Handbook of humor research (pp. 39-57). New
York: Springer-Verlag.
Thomas, J. (1995). Meaning in interaction: An introduction to Pragmatics.
London and New York: Longman.
Types of communication. (2009, March 8). Retrieved October 18, 2016, from
notesdesk.com: http://www.notesdesk.com/notes/businesscommunications/types-of-communication/
37
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Dalam skripsi ini, saya menganalisis pelanggaran teori bidal atau maksim
yang diperkenalkan oleh Grice (1995). Hasil analisis menggunakan teori bidal ini
akan membantu menjelaskan aturan apa yang menjadi pemicu adanya unsur-unsur
humor di dalam salah satu serial televisi Amerika Serikat yang berjudul 2 Broke
Girls seri ke 2.
Saya mengklasifikasikan pelanggaran yang terjadi dan juga memaparkan
implikatur yang terbentuk dari pelanggaran tersebut. Selanjutnya, untuk
menganalisis humor yang timbul karena adanya pelanggaran bidal yang dilakukan,
saya menggunakan teori incongruity-resolution yang diperkenalkan oleh Jones
(1970), Shultz (1972), and Suls (1972). Dari hasil penelitian, saya dapat
menyimpulkan bahwa efek humor terjadi karena perbedaan antara ekspektasi
penonton dan apa yang sebenarnya terjadi. Selain itu, dari analisis data yang telah
dilakukan oleh saya dapat pula disimpulkan bahwa pelanggaran bidal yang paling
banyak dilanggar adalah flouting a maxim of manner. Hal ini berkaitan dengan
struktur kalimat yang berbelit-belit dengan tujuan untuk menambahkan arti lain
dalam kalimat tersebut untuk melindungi kepentingan diri sendiri.
iii
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................... i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... ii
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... iii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................1
Background of the Study ...................................................................................1
Statement of the problem ..................................................................................4
Purpose of the Study .........................................................................................4
Methods of Research .........................................................................................4
Organization of the Thesis ................................................................................5
CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.......................................6
CHAPTER THREE: ANALYSIS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF .
HUMOR DUE TO THE NON-OBSERVANCE OF THE .
GRICEAN MAXIMS IN 2 BROKE GIRLS SEASON 2 .
......................................................................................... ……………………18
CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION ..................................................................33
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................37
APPENDICES ......................................................................................................38
ii
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Annie Vilenia
15 March 2016/ 08.00
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
In our daily life, sometimes people do not say what they mean directly to
the hearer because of some reasons. And sometimes for some reasons they say
more or less than what they actually mean and sometimes they even say
something that is totally irrelevant with the context of their conversation.
When this situation occurs, the hearer has to find the implied meaning
behind the speaker’s utterance. The hearer has to observe the situation and
condition and after that the hearer has to realize the real message behind the
utterance. If the hearer fails to understand the message behind the speaker’s
utterance, the hearer may misunderstand the message sent by the speaker. This
situation can lead to a different situation depending on the condition the hearer is
in. This may lead to conflict, misunderstanding or humor.
The title of my thesis is “The Occurrence of Humor Due to the NonObservance of Gricean Maxims in 2 Broke Girls Season 2.” The reason for me to
choose this topic is that it always interests me to analyze how a certain
1
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Annie Vilenia
15 March 2016/ 08.00
utterance can make the situation change its direction with or without the speakers’
intention to mislead, to deceive, to express annoyance or to make fun of someone.
This can lead to humor, even though there are some occasions where the hearers
fail to catch the humor simply because they cannot understand it.
The theories I choose to analyze my data belong to one of the branches of
Linguistics called Pragmatics. Pragmatics is the study of meaning, both in use and
in context. Specifically, I will use the theories of Pragmatics called the
cooperative principles and the conversational maxims introduced by H.P. Grice.
Grice’s theories are about the implied meaning or implicature within the speaker’s
utterance when he/she does not observe the maxims. I think this theory is suitable
to analyze the verbal humor in drama series 2 Broke Girls Season 2.
To avoid the hearer’s misunderstanding of the speaker’s implicature, Grice
in his theory suggests a cooperative principle in which the speaker has to “make
their contribution such as is required at the stage which it occurs, by accepted
purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which [they] are engaged” (Thomas,
1995, p. 62).
Grice classifies the cooperative principle into four maxims known as
Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner. When the speaker does not follow one
or more of the cooperative principles, their utterance will not be considered
informative, truthful, relevant, and brief (Thomas, 1995, p. 63). Also, Grice
understands that a speaker is not obligated to always observe a maxim. There are
times when a speaker, with or without any intention, fails to observe the maxims.
That is why Grice introduced five ways of failing to observe a maxim, namely
flouting, violating, opting out, infringing, and suspending a maxim (Thomas,
2
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Annie Vilenia
15 March 2016/ 08.00
1995, p. 64). The theory of maxims used in this thesis to analyze the utterances
will be discussed further in the next chapter of this thesis.
Drama series 2 Broke Girls is a story about Max and Caroline, two best
friends and also business partners who work together with some other employees
at a diner. The situation in this drama series can be found in our daily life. Also,
the jokes made by the characters in this drama series are not only funny but also
easy to understand. This makes this drama series entertaining and worth watching.
There are a few reasons for me to choose this drama series as my data
source. The first reason is the jokes produced by the characters in this drama
series may contain an implicature, as they often fail to observe maxims. The other
reason is the characters’s failure to observe a maxim can lead to different types of
results, such as annoyance, conflict, puzzlement, and also misunderstanding that
can lead to humor.
The analysis of the non-observance of the Gricean Maxims that leads to
humor in drama series 2 Broke Girls Season 2 is quite significant. This study is
conducted to make the reader aware of the fact that in society people tend to
unconsciously generate an implicature in their utterances which can lead to
different results that can affect their daily life. Hopefully, my thesis can become a
good reference for people interested in the similar topic.
Total words: 716
3
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Annie Vilenia
15 March 2016/ 08.00
Statement of the Problem
Based on the topic that I choose, these are the problems to analyze:
1. What types of non-observance of the Gricean maxims are found in the
utterances of the characters in the drama series 2 Broke Girls?
2. What is the implicature of each utterance?
3. How does each type of the non-observance of the maxims in the utterances
lead to humor?
Propose of the Study
In this thesis, I am going to find:
1. the types of non-observance of the Gricean maxims found in the utterances
of the characters in the drama series 2 Broke Girls.
2. the implicature of each utterance.
3. how each type of the non-observance of the maxims in the utterances leads
to humor.
Method of Research
At first, after choosing a particular topic, I studied some literature in the
library and also searched for some relevant data sources for my study from the
Internet. For this reason, I watched some drama series on the Internet that I
thought could be used as my data sources. I found the drama series 2 Broke Girls
suitable for my thesis, therefore I started to gather the data from the dialogues in
the drama series. After that I analyzed the data using the theory of the nonobservance of Gricean maxims. Finally, I wrote the research report.
4
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Annie Vilenia
15 March 2016/ 08.00
Organization of the Thesis
This thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter One is Introduction, which
contains Background of the Study, Statement of the Problem, Purpose of the
Study, Method of Research, and Organization of the Thesis. Chapter Two
contains theoretical Framework, which presents the theories used to analyze my
data. Chapter Three contains the analysis. Finally, Chapter Four contains the
discussion, the results of the analysis and the conclusion. The thesis ends with
Bibliography and Appendix.
5
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION
In this chapter, I would like to conclude the result of this study. The findings
show several types of the non-observance of the Gricean maxims in the utterances
of 2 Broke Girls’ characters, the reasons why their failures lead to humor, and the
analysis of the humor.
From all of the data that I have analyzed it is apparent that flouting the
maxim has been the only type of non-observance of maxim that creates humorous
and hilarious scenes in this TV series. In fact, it is found in the analysis that flouting
the maxim while the other four types of non-observance of the Gricean maxims:
violating the maxim, infringing a maxim, opting out of a maxim, and suspending a
maxim are not found in the data.
The TV series 2 Broke Girls is a comedy TV series with family-oriented
relationship among the characters. Although they are not blood-related they always
help one another. Many characters in this TV series have a high sense of humor and
also wittiness, which may make them flout the maxim throughout the story.
33
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Based on the data I have gathered, the most frequent type of non-observance
of the Gricean maxims in the TV series 2 Broke Girls is flouting the maxim of
manner, with the total of seven occurrences. There are some reasons why the
characters in 2 Broke Girls hide their intentions by using confusing longer sentences.
First, of the total seven data, five of them show that the characters flout the maxim
of manner to imply their disapproval to the other party’s ideas. Second, out of seven
data there are two in which flouting the maxim of manner is used to explain a certain
situation or a description about work ethic. The last reason is to add another
meaning in their statement regarding the topic in hand.
From the result of the analysis, it can be concluded that flouting the maxim
of manner in TV series 2 Broke Girls is effective to support the characters’ intention
to secretly add more meaning to their sentences. This also shows that flouting the
maxim of manner in this TV series is very effective to create humor because the
implied meaning is not found in the sentences that the hearer and the audience hear;
nevertheless, both the hearer and the audience are able to understand it.
The second most frequently used type of non-observance of the Gricean
maxims is flouting the maxim of quantity. There are also a few reasons why a
character in this TV series is considered to flout the maxim of quantity. In two out
of four data, the characters in this TV series are adding more information to make
the other party understand that people cannot always expect something to happen
the way they want in life. The other two data show that the speaker’s intention when
flouting the maxim of quantity is to make the hearer not ask more questions
regarding the topic after the speaker adds more information to their utterances.
34
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
There are only two data of flouting the maxim of quality that are found in
the analysis. They are uttered by Max, one of the main characters in the TV series
2 Broke Girls. In the story, Max is lying to her best friend to imply that she strongly
disagrees with her best friend’s idea to buy something they cannot afford. In this
case, she believes that her best friend will understand the implied meaning in her
utterance. Flouting the maxim of quality in this TV series is very efficient as both
parties know each other so well that the implied meaning is easily understood.
Evidently, there is only one datum regarding the failure to observe the
maxim of relation in this drama series. A character in TV series 2 Broke Girls flouts
the maxim of relation to ridicule the lack knowledge of the other character about
something that is very common. It is apparent that flouting the maxim of relation is
not very effective to rise humor. That is why flouting the maxim of relation is not
frequently used.
After analyzing all of the data in drama TV series 2 Broke Girls season 2 it
is seen that all the total of fourteen data only involve flouting the maxim, whereas
the other four types of non-observance of the Gricean maxims do not occur.
As mentioned before, the humor in the TV series 2 Broke Girls is about
daily lives and well-known jokes or rumors around the time it is aired. Nevertheless,
the audience might not understand some humors that happen in this TV series if
they do not know the terms used in the TV series. For example, one of the scenes
is taking place in a soup’s kitchen. Soup’s kitchen is a place where free food is
provided for the poor. If the audience is not familiar with the term soup’s kitchen,
they will not find the scene funny.
35
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
To end my conclusion, I want to say that TV series 2 Broke Girls season 2
is not only amusing but also informative. The audience is not only presented with
an amusing story that can make laughter but after watching this TV series, people
will also be more informed about how hard it is to work in a big town and to open
a business as well as to run it at the same time.
I hope that this thesis can be useful for everyone who wants to conduct a
study with the same topic, especially students who take Linguistics as their major.
Also, for students who wants to conduct the same topic, I suggest them to make a
background check of the jokes. This is needed to know the situation of the jokes
better, how is the jokes produces by the characters and the real situation related.
Furthermore, I hope that this thesis can help the reader to be more aware about the
use of non-observance of a maxim in daily life and to understand more about the
non-observance of a maxim, including its practice in the society.
(1010)
36
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
THE OCCURENCE OF HUMOR DUE TO
THE NON-OBSERVANCE OF THE GRICEAN
MAXIMS IN 2 BROKE GIRLS SEASON 2
a thesis
submitted to the English Department
of the Faculty of Letters
in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the “Sarjana” degree
ANNIE VILENIA
1141016
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS
MARANATHA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
BANDUNG
2016
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Source:
Nader, M. (Producer), & Scardino, D. (Director). (2012). 2 Broke Girls [Motion
Picture]. Retrieved January 15, 2016, from
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1845307/?ref_=ttco_co_tt
Reference:
Brown Gillian, G. Y. (1983). Discourse analysis. London: Cambridge University
Press. Retrieved October 18, 2016
Etheridge, M., & Lopes, L. (1995). Waterfalls [Recorded by TLC]. On waterfalls
[Youtube]. D. Austin. Retrieved 9 12, 2016, from www.allmusic.com
Suls, J. (1983). Cognitive processes in humor appreciation. In McGhee, P. E.,
&Goldstein, J. H. (Eds.), Handbook of humor research (pp. 39-57). New
York: Springer-Verlag.
Thomas, J. (1995). Meaning in interaction: An introduction to Pragmatics.
London and New York: Longman.
Types of communication. (2009, March 8). Retrieved October 18, 2016, from
notesdesk.com: http://www.notesdesk.com/notes/businesscommunications/types-of-communication/
37
Universitas Kristen Maranatha