World Health Organization, Data and dtatistics
Thailand
COUNTRY POLICIES AND STRATEGIES FOR COMBATING GBV
Legal framework
! The Protection of Domestic
Violence Victims Act B.E.
2550 (2007) was announced
in the Royal Gazette on
August 14, 2007, and was
enacted on November 12,
2007.
! In 1999 the Cabinet
Resolutions on 29 June 1999
endorsed “eight measures to
solve problems concerning
violence against women”, as
proposed by NGOs through
the National Commission on
Women’s Affairs (NCWA).
! The Prevention and
Suppression of Human
Trafficking Act was adopted
in B.E. 2551 (2008).
! The rape definition of
Criminal Law was corrected
in 2008 to include charge on
husband who rapes his wife.
Prior to this, there was no
charge on the husband who
rapes his wife.
Policies/ Plans
! Thailand has adopted the 10th
National Health
Development Plan in the
10th National Economic and
Social Development Plan
B.E. 2550 - 2554 (2007 2011). The forms of violence
addressed include domestic
violence, and sexual
harassment in the family,
school and in the workplace.
! Thailand has also adopted the
Thai Women's Development
Plan in the 10th National
Economic and Social
Development Plan B.E.
1
2550-2554 (2007 - 2011).
The plan addresses violence
against women in its 4th
strategy: - “Enhancing the
security for women's life and
body”.
! The National Plan for the
Elimination of Violence
against Women and Children
was developed in 2000 by the
Thai National Commission
on Women’s Affairs.
Strategies
! The Ministry of Social
Development and Human
Security has developed an
integrated strategy to address
violence against children and
women in all forms.
Guidelines
working in the One-Stop-Crisis Centres
(OSCCs) all over the country. The guideline
features flowcharts on steps for treating
patients who are victims of violence. The
revision of the guideline was completed in July
2009 and the new version includes perpetrator
initial psychoanalysis.
! The Guideline for Assisting Children and
Women who are victims of violence was
developed by the Ministry of Public Health
(Office of the Permanent Secretary,
Department of Mental Health, Department of
Health Service Support), the Office of
Women's Affairs and Family Development and
the Ministry of Social Development and
Human Security for health professionals
! The Medico-Legal Guideline for rape
examination in OSCC was developed in July
2009.
COUNTRY SITUATION OF GBV
Percentage
I.
The salient findings were:
The Multi-country Study on Women’s Health
and Domestic Violence against Women,
supported by the World Health Organization
carried out a cross-sectional survey of women
aged 15–49 years in the capital city Bangkok
and in a rural town, Nakhonsawan. A total of
1536 interviewees from Bangkok and a total
of 1282 interviewees from Nakhonsawan
were interviewed. 1
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
30
Prevalence of lifetime violence (physical
violence) by the husband ranged from 23% to
34% among ever-partnered women and
prevalence of lifetime sexual violence was
about 30%.1 (Figure 1)
!
Prevalence of current physical violence (in the
past 12 months) ranged from 8% to 13% and
prevalence of current sexual violence (in the
past 12 months) was around 17%.1 (Figure 1)
47
41
23
!
34
29
17
21
8
Lifetime violence
Bangkok
[n=1536]
Physical violence
Lifetime violence
Nakhonsawan
[n=1282]
Current violence
Bangkok [n=1536]
13
16
23
Current violence
Nakhonsawan
[n=1282]
Physical or sexual viloence, or both
Sexual violence
Figure 1: Percentage of women who experienced violence by an intimate partner, among ever-partnered
women aged 15-49 years, Thailand, 2005
Country Findings. Thailand. WHO Multi-country study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women. WHO 2005
1
2
Physical violence meant the woman had been:
slapped, or had something thrown at her; pushed or
shoved; hit with a fist or something else that could
hurt; kicked, dragged or beaten up; choked or
burnt; threatened with or had a weapon used
against her.
II. Cases of Gender-Based Violence at One-StopCrisis Centres (OSCCs). Thailand's Bureau of
Health Service System Development,
Department of Health Service Support, which
oversaw information systems of the hospitalbased OSCC until the end of 2009 revealed a
very significant increase in the number of
children and women reporting with violence at
the OSCC from 2003 to 20082. (Figure 1)
Sexual violence meant the woman had: been
physically forced to have sexual intercourse; had
sexual intercourse because she was afraid of what
her partner might do; been forced to do something
sexual she found degrading or humiliating.
Salient findings:
Ever-partnered meant only women who had ever
been married.
!
The number of children and women reporting
with violence at OSCCs has increased sharply
from 2004 to 2008. This could be due to
increased detection of GBV victims as a result
of introduction of OSCCs/shelters/ facilities
for victims of GBV, better data collection
system at hospitals/NGOs/other centres or
due to increase in GBV in the community.2
!
But there seems to be a declining trend in the
number of cases in 2009 (23,511 cases) and
2010 (25767 cases), reported with the recent
updated data from the Ministry of Public
Health, Thailand.1
Source: WHO multi-country study on women's
health and domestic violence against women:
summary report of initial results on prevalence,
health outcomes and women's responses. WHO
geneva, 2005.
30,000
26,565
25767
25,000
23511
20,000
Numbers
19,068
15,000
14,382
11,542
10,000
6,951
5,000
1,825
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Figure 2: Number of children and women reporting with violence at OSCC, Thailand (2003-2010)
Source: Bureau of Health Service System Development, Dec 2009
2
Bureau of Health Service System Development, cases of gender based violence at one-stop crises centres, 2009.
3
Gender-based Violence cases OSCC Hospitals, Thailand 2004-2008
800
Hospitals
Cases X 100
Numbers of
Hospitals
1000
600
400
200
0
2004
2005
% Trend
2008
2007
2006
Cases x 100
Year
Figure 3: Gender Based Violence cases in OSCC Hospitals, Thailand, (2004-2008)
III. The statistics of the Royal Thai Police from 1997 to 2007 indicate that sexual violence is increasing
over time. In 2007, there were 5269 reported cases of sexual crimes (rape, sexual assault), which on
average means 14 people, or one every 105 minutes was raped 3 every day. (Figure 4)
cases
percent
6000
5000
80
69
68
63
65
66
70
58
60
4000
3000
35
41
37
42
46
40
2000
30
1000
0
50
20
1997
1998
1999
2000
Police reports
2001
2002
2003
arrested
2004
2005
2006
2007
10
Year
% arrested
Figure 4: Number of reported sexual abuse cases and the percentage of arrests. (1997-2007)
Source: Thai Health 2009: Stop Violence for Well-being of Mankind. 10 Health Indicators 10 Health
Issues. Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University. Thai Health Promotion
Foundation. National Health Commission Office of Thailand
3
Thai Health 2009: Stop Violence for Well-being of Mankind. 10 Health Indicators. 10 Health Issues. Institute for Population and Social
Research, Mahidol University. Thai Health Promotion Foundation. National Health Commission Office of Thailand
4
IV. The Institute for Population and Social
Research, Mahidol University carried out a
survey and analysis of news reports and
articles in collaboration with the Women's
Health Advocacy Foundation with support
from the Thai Health Promotion Foundation.
It concluded that sexual violence in Thai
society has increased both in quantity and in
the level of severity 3.
including rape (38 %), other forms of sexual
violence i.e. prostitution, women trafficking
and deception (26%) and abortion (5%).
!
Most of the raped victims were girls under 18
years of age.
!
Most of the rapes were committed by fathers,
step-fathers or teachers. In 60% of the rape
cases, the rapists were known by the victims
such as friends, teachers, and neighbours.
(Figure 5)
!
In a quarter of the cases the rapists were
strangers, while there was no information
indicating who the rapist was in 7 percent of
the cases. (Figure 5)
Salient findings:
!
Between 1998 and 2007, there were 17529
reported cases about sex in newspapers and on
the Internet.
!
From the 17529 cases the most reported story
about sex was about sexual violence,
7.56%
4%
7.3
7%
7%
5.92%
46.36%
4.3 %
1.6%
0.72%
26%
7.2
5
%
60%
%
5.03
12.16%
Known Person
No information
Unknown person
Relative
Figure 5:Relation between the rapists and the victims
reported in the mass media, Thailand, 20032007 [n=1379]
Husband
Boy-freind
Friend
Father
Step-Father/Step-Mother
Adoptive Parent
Neighbour
Employee
Patron
Mother
Children
Sibling
Emloyer
Figure 6: Perpetrators of gender based violence
Cases reported more than once were excluded.
Source: Thai Health 2009: Stop Violence for Well-being of Mankind. 10 Health Indicators 10 Health
Issues. Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University. Thai Health Promotion
Foundation. National Health Commission Office of Thailand.
5
Types of GBV
! GBV is present in physical, psychological, sexual, emotional and economic forms. In 2010
incidents of physical violence were 74 %, psychological 5%, sexual 18%, neglect 2%, and
force/seduce 1%.
2 % 1%
18%
Physical violence
Mental violence
Sexual violence
Neglect
Force/Seduction
5%
74%
Figure 7: Types of gender-base a violence
COUNTRY ACTIVITIES IN COMBATING GBV
GWH-SEARO conducted a survey in October
2009 among the gender focal points in the WHO
Country Offices of Member Countries using a
12
9
10
questionnaire containing 23 questions under 4
clusters. The findings of the survey for Thailand
are listed below.
10
8
Scale *
6
4
4
5
4
2
2
0
5
5
Legislations/Polices/
Programmes
Resources
Research
Country situation
Evidence **
Total no. of indicator
Figure 8: Country Activities in Combating Gender-Based Violence in Thailand, 2009
* The scale represents the country-specific
situation plotted against the maximum rating from
4 clusters of indicators: (1) legislation/ policies/
programmes (2) resource (3) research and (4)
evidence
** A lower score reflects lower evidence of GBV
6
S.No. Category
Activities
1.
Legislation/policies and
programmes on GBV
The country has legislation on GBV, a national action plan,
health policy and multisectoral action plan on GBV.
2.
Resources for combating
GBV
The country has a rich resource for combating GBV.
The following resources are available:
! Specific guidelines, workshops and trainings for health
providers.
! Activities on gender mainstreaming for prevention of GBV.
! Use of One-Stop Crisis Centre services (OSCC).
! Data collection system for GBV at hospitals and social
support centers.
! IEC materials on GBV for health providers and
communities.
! Facilities for helping the victims of GBV in the police
stations, social support groups, shelter homes, counselling
centres, community leaders' groups and self-help groups.
! Budget allocation for GBV.
3.
Research on GBV
The country has given full compliance to five typical activities:
(1) research on the cause, consequences and costs for GBV
(2) findings on GBV (3) findings on types of GBV
(4) findings related to the cause of GBV and
(5) findings related to women's health due to GBV.
4.
Evidence on GBV
_ 15 year-olds.
GBV is present in
Additional Information
Age of GBV victims
! GBV in less than 15 year-olds exists in
physical, psychological, sexual, emotional
and economic forms.
Victims of GBV
! Spouse and family members have been found
to be the victims of GBV.
_ 15 years in age in
! GBV affects women of >
physical, psychological, sexual, emotional
and economic forms.
Causes of GBV
! Increasing participation of women in the
public arena, joblessness, jealousy, dowryrelated issues, communication gap and
customs have been found to be the causes of
GBV.
Findings related to women's health after GBV
! Mental disturbances, attempts at suicide,
disability and death have been found to be the
findings related to women's health after GBV.
7
Partnership in Combating GBV
Government initiatives
!
!
The National Commission on Women’s
Affairs (NCWA) has played an instrumental
role in drafting the domestic violence bill in
2003 which was subsequently enacted in
2007.
!
One-stop-crisis centres (OSCC) have been
established in hospitals in Bangkok and
provincial areas of Thailand. The OSCC have
been implemented in 25 regional hospitals and
69 general hospitals. The Ministry of Public
Health is expanding the OSCCs and it is
planned that by 2014 there will one such centre
in each government hospital throughout the
country. This will include such centres in 729
community hospitals, and in 9760 community
health centres.
!
!
The Ministry of Social Development and
Human Security provides a 24-hour hotline
staffed by social workers and psychologists. It
has set up a Community-Based Family
Development Centre since 2003. It also
provides social services including shelters and
occupational rehabilitation and Women’s Aid
and Career Training Centres.
The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration
administers a Centre for the Protection of
Children’s, Youths’ and Women’s Rights and a
hotline service. In addition, each district office
provides inspectors for women’s and
children’s security, including a complaint
centre that works cooperatively with the local
police, hospitals and other service units.
Country Contact Information:
Dr Nima Asgari
WHO Country Office, Thailand
Email : asgarin@searo.who.int
The Royal Thai Police place emphasis on
domestic violence. Centres for the protection
of children, youth, and women within the
police department provide service to victims
of GBV. Training has been carried out for
police and law enforcement officers on issues
related to GBV.
Civil society organization initiatives
!
Various NGOs such as the Association for the
Promotion of the Status of Women, Family
Planning Association of Thailand, Sahathai
Foundation, Friends of Women Foundation,
Hotline Centre Foundation, the Foundation for
Women, etc. have provided services for GBV
victims including shelters and counselling.
The Friend of Woman Foundation, Woman
Foundation and the Emergency Shelter under
The Association for the Promotion of the
Status of Women also provide legal
consultation.
!
Academic institutions like the Centre for
Health Policy Studies of Mahidol University
have been involved in developing models of
community-based intervention on domestic
violence.
!
Assumption University has created a website
providing information on violence against
women. Thailand's nation-wide "Say No to
Violence" Campaign, is a part of the
international ‘Say No to Violence' campaign
and has provided a crucial basis for promoting
effective cooperation for more substantive
work to end violence against women.
Produced by:
Gender, Women and Health (GWH)
Department of Family Health and Research
World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia
World Health House, Indraprastha Estate
Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi-110002
Phone: 91 11 23370804, Ext 26301
Fax: 91-11-23379507, 23379395, 23370197
Email: suchaxayp@searo.who.int
COUNTRY POLICIES AND STRATEGIES FOR COMBATING GBV
Legal framework
! The Protection of Domestic
Violence Victims Act B.E.
2550 (2007) was announced
in the Royal Gazette on
August 14, 2007, and was
enacted on November 12,
2007.
! In 1999 the Cabinet
Resolutions on 29 June 1999
endorsed “eight measures to
solve problems concerning
violence against women”, as
proposed by NGOs through
the National Commission on
Women’s Affairs (NCWA).
! The Prevention and
Suppression of Human
Trafficking Act was adopted
in B.E. 2551 (2008).
! The rape definition of
Criminal Law was corrected
in 2008 to include charge on
husband who rapes his wife.
Prior to this, there was no
charge on the husband who
rapes his wife.
Policies/ Plans
! Thailand has adopted the 10th
National Health
Development Plan in the
10th National Economic and
Social Development Plan
B.E. 2550 - 2554 (2007 2011). The forms of violence
addressed include domestic
violence, and sexual
harassment in the family,
school and in the workplace.
! Thailand has also adopted the
Thai Women's Development
Plan in the 10th National
Economic and Social
Development Plan B.E.
1
2550-2554 (2007 - 2011).
The plan addresses violence
against women in its 4th
strategy: - “Enhancing the
security for women's life and
body”.
! The National Plan for the
Elimination of Violence
against Women and Children
was developed in 2000 by the
Thai National Commission
on Women’s Affairs.
Strategies
! The Ministry of Social
Development and Human
Security has developed an
integrated strategy to address
violence against children and
women in all forms.
Guidelines
working in the One-Stop-Crisis Centres
(OSCCs) all over the country. The guideline
features flowcharts on steps for treating
patients who are victims of violence. The
revision of the guideline was completed in July
2009 and the new version includes perpetrator
initial psychoanalysis.
! The Guideline for Assisting Children and
Women who are victims of violence was
developed by the Ministry of Public Health
(Office of the Permanent Secretary,
Department of Mental Health, Department of
Health Service Support), the Office of
Women's Affairs and Family Development and
the Ministry of Social Development and
Human Security for health professionals
! The Medico-Legal Guideline for rape
examination in OSCC was developed in July
2009.
COUNTRY SITUATION OF GBV
Percentage
I.
The salient findings were:
The Multi-country Study on Women’s Health
and Domestic Violence against Women,
supported by the World Health Organization
carried out a cross-sectional survey of women
aged 15–49 years in the capital city Bangkok
and in a rural town, Nakhonsawan. A total of
1536 interviewees from Bangkok and a total
of 1282 interviewees from Nakhonsawan
were interviewed. 1
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
30
Prevalence of lifetime violence (physical
violence) by the husband ranged from 23% to
34% among ever-partnered women and
prevalence of lifetime sexual violence was
about 30%.1 (Figure 1)
!
Prevalence of current physical violence (in the
past 12 months) ranged from 8% to 13% and
prevalence of current sexual violence (in the
past 12 months) was around 17%.1 (Figure 1)
47
41
23
!
34
29
17
21
8
Lifetime violence
Bangkok
[n=1536]
Physical violence
Lifetime violence
Nakhonsawan
[n=1282]
Current violence
Bangkok [n=1536]
13
16
23
Current violence
Nakhonsawan
[n=1282]
Physical or sexual viloence, or both
Sexual violence
Figure 1: Percentage of women who experienced violence by an intimate partner, among ever-partnered
women aged 15-49 years, Thailand, 2005
Country Findings. Thailand. WHO Multi-country study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women. WHO 2005
1
2
Physical violence meant the woman had been:
slapped, or had something thrown at her; pushed or
shoved; hit with a fist or something else that could
hurt; kicked, dragged or beaten up; choked or
burnt; threatened with or had a weapon used
against her.
II. Cases of Gender-Based Violence at One-StopCrisis Centres (OSCCs). Thailand's Bureau of
Health Service System Development,
Department of Health Service Support, which
oversaw information systems of the hospitalbased OSCC until the end of 2009 revealed a
very significant increase in the number of
children and women reporting with violence at
the OSCC from 2003 to 20082. (Figure 1)
Sexual violence meant the woman had: been
physically forced to have sexual intercourse; had
sexual intercourse because she was afraid of what
her partner might do; been forced to do something
sexual she found degrading or humiliating.
Salient findings:
Ever-partnered meant only women who had ever
been married.
!
The number of children and women reporting
with violence at OSCCs has increased sharply
from 2004 to 2008. This could be due to
increased detection of GBV victims as a result
of introduction of OSCCs/shelters/ facilities
for victims of GBV, better data collection
system at hospitals/NGOs/other centres or
due to increase in GBV in the community.2
!
But there seems to be a declining trend in the
number of cases in 2009 (23,511 cases) and
2010 (25767 cases), reported with the recent
updated data from the Ministry of Public
Health, Thailand.1
Source: WHO multi-country study on women's
health and domestic violence against women:
summary report of initial results on prevalence,
health outcomes and women's responses. WHO
geneva, 2005.
30,000
26,565
25767
25,000
23511
20,000
Numbers
19,068
15,000
14,382
11,542
10,000
6,951
5,000
1,825
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Figure 2: Number of children and women reporting with violence at OSCC, Thailand (2003-2010)
Source: Bureau of Health Service System Development, Dec 2009
2
Bureau of Health Service System Development, cases of gender based violence at one-stop crises centres, 2009.
3
Gender-based Violence cases OSCC Hospitals, Thailand 2004-2008
800
Hospitals
Cases X 100
Numbers of
Hospitals
1000
600
400
200
0
2004
2005
% Trend
2008
2007
2006
Cases x 100
Year
Figure 3: Gender Based Violence cases in OSCC Hospitals, Thailand, (2004-2008)
III. The statistics of the Royal Thai Police from 1997 to 2007 indicate that sexual violence is increasing
over time. In 2007, there were 5269 reported cases of sexual crimes (rape, sexual assault), which on
average means 14 people, or one every 105 minutes was raped 3 every day. (Figure 4)
cases
percent
6000
5000
80
69
68
63
65
66
70
58
60
4000
3000
35
41
37
42
46
40
2000
30
1000
0
50
20
1997
1998
1999
2000
Police reports
2001
2002
2003
arrested
2004
2005
2006
2007
10
Year
% arrested
Figure 4: Number of reported sexual abuse cases and the percentage of arrests. (1997-2007)
Source: Thai Health 2009: Stop Violence for Well-being of Mankind. 10 Health Indicators 10 Health
Issues. Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University. Thai Health Promotion
Foundation. National Health Commission Office of Thailand
3
Thai Health 2009: Stop Violence for Well-being of Mankind. 10 Health Indicators. 10 Health Issues. Institute for Population and Social
Research, Mahidol University. Thai Health Promotion Foundation. National Health Commission Office of Thailand
4
IV. The Institute for Population and Social
Research, Mahidol University carried out a
survey and analysis of news reports and
articles in collaboration with the Women's
Health Advocacy Foundation with support
from the Thai Health Promotion Foundation.
It concluded that sexual violence in Thai
society has increased both in quantity and in
the level of severity 3.
including rape (38 %), other forms of sexual
violence i.e. prostitution, women trafficking
and deception (26%) and abortion (5%).
!
Most of the raped victims were girls under 18
years of age.
!
Most of the rapes were committed by fathers,
step-fathers or teachers. In 60% of the rape
cases, the rapists were known by the victims
such as friends, teachers, and neighbours.
(Figure 5)
!
In a quarter of the cases the rapists were
strangers, while there was no information
indicating who the rapist was in 7 percent of
the cases. (Figure 5)
Salient findings:
!
Between 1998 and 2007, there were 17529
reported cases about sex in newspapers and on
the Internet.
!
From the 17529 cases the most reported story
about sex was about sexual violence,
7.56%
4%
7.3
7%
7%
5.92%
46.36%
4.3 %
1.6%
0.72%
26%
7.2
5
%
60%
%
5.03
12.16%
Known Person
No information
Unknown person
Relative
Figure 5:Relation between the rapists and the victims
reported in the mass media, Thailand, 20032007 [n=1379]
Husband
Boy-freind
Friend
Father
Step-Father/Step-Mother
Adoptive Parent
Neighbour
Employee
Patron
Mother
Children
Sibling
Emloyer
Figure 6: Perpetrators of gender based violence
Cases reported more than once were excluded.
Source: Thai Health 2009: Stop Violence for Well-being of Mankind. 10 Health Indicators 10 Health
Issues. Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University. Thai Health Promotion
Foundation. National Health Commission Office of Thailand.
5
Types of GBV
! GBV is present in physical, psychological, sexual, emotional and economic forms. In 2010
incidents of physical violence were 74 %, psychological 5%, sexual 18%, neglect 2%, and
force/seduce 1%.
2 % 1%
18%
Physical violence
Mental violence
Sexual violence
Neglect
Force/Seduction
5%
74%
Figure 7: Types of gender-base a violence
COUNTRY ACTIVITIES IN COMBATING GBV
GWH-SEARO conducted a survey in October
2009 among the gender focal points in the WHO
Country Offices of Member Countries using a
12
9
10
questionnaire containing 23 questions under 4
clusters. The findings of the survey for Thailand
are listed below.
10
8
Scale *
6
4
4
5
4
2
2
0
5
5
Legislations/Polices/
Programmes
Resources
Research
Country situation
Evidence **
Total no. of indicator
Figure 8: Country Activities in Combating Gender-Based Violence in Thailand, 2009
* The scale represents the country-specific
situation plotted against the maximum rating from
4 clusters of indicators: (1) legislation/ policies/
programmes (2) resource (3) research and (4)
evidence
** A lower score reflects lower evidence of GBV
6
S.No. Category
Activities
1.
Legislation/policies and
programmes on GBV
The country has legislation on GBV, a national action plan,
health policy and multisectoral action plan on GBV.
2.
Resources for combating
GBV
The country has a rich resource for combating GBV.
The following resources are available:
! Specific guidelines, workshops and trainings for health
providers.
! Activities on gender mainstreaming for prevention of GBV.
! Use of One-Stop Crisis Centre services (OSCC).
! Data collection system for GBV at hospitals and social
support centers.
! IEC materials on GBV for health providers and
communities.
! Facilities for helping the victims of GBV in the police
stations, social support groups, shelter homes, counselling
centres, community leaders' groups and self-help groups.
! Budget allocation for GBV.
3.
Research on GBV
The country has given full compliance to five typical activities:
(1) research on the cause, consequences and costs for GBV
(2) findings on GBV (3) findings on types of GBV
(4) findings related to the cause of GBV and
(5) findings related to women's health due to GBV.
4.
Evidence on GBV
_ 15 year-olds.
GBV is present in
Additional Information
Age of GBV victims
! GBV in less than 15 year-olds exists in
physical, psychological, sexual, emotional
and economic forms.
Victims of GBV
! Spouse and family members have been found
to be the victims of GBV.
_ 15 years in age in
! GBV affects women of >
physical, psychological, sexual, emotional
and economic forms.
Causes of GBV
! Increasing participation of women in the
public arena, joblessness, jealousy, dowryrelated issues, communication gap and
customs have been found to be the causes of
GBV.
Findings related to women's health after GBV
! Mental disturbances, attempts at suicide,
disability and death have been found to be the
findings related to women's health after GBV.
7
Partnership in Combating GBV
Government initiatives
!
!
The National Commission on Women’s
Affairs (NCWA) has played an instrumental
role in drafting the domestic violence bill in
2003 which was subsequently enacted in
2007.
!
One-stop-crisis centres (OSCC) have been
established in hospitals in Bangkok and
provincial areas of Thailand. The OSCC have
been implemented in 25 regional hospitals and
69 general hospitals. The Ministry of Public
Health is expanding the OSCCs and it is
planned that by 2014 there will one such centre
in each government hospital throughout the
country. This will include such centres in 729
community hospitals, and in 9760 community
health centres.
!
!
The Ministry of Social Development and
Human Security provides a 24-hour hotline
staffed by social workers and psychologists. It
has set up a Community-Based Family
Development Centre since 2003. It also
provides social services including shelters and
occupational rehabilitation and Women’s Aid
and Career Training Centres.
The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration
administers a Centre for the Protection of
Children’s, Youths’ and Women’s Rights and a
hotline service. In addition, each district office
provides inspectors for women’s and
children’s security, including a complaint
centre that works cooperatively with the local
police, hospitals and other service units.
Country Contact Information:
Dr Nima Asgari
WHO Country Office, Thailand
Email : asgarin@searo.who.int
The Royal Thai Police place emphasis on
domestic violence. Centres for the protection
of children, youth, and women within the
police department provide service to victims
of GBV. Training has been carried out for
police and law enforcement officers on issues
related to GBV.
Civil society organization initiatives
!
Various NGOs such as the Association for the
Promotion of the Status of Women, Family
Planning Association of Thailand, Sahathai
Foundation, Friends of Women Foundation,
Hotline Centre Foundation, the Foundation for
Women, etc. have provided services for GBV
victims including shelters and counselling.
The Friend of Woman Foundation, Woman
Foundation and the Emergency Shelter under
The Association for the Promotion of the
Status of Women also provide legal
consultation.
!
Academic institutions like the Centre for
Health Policy Studies of Mahidol University
have been involved in developing models of
community-based intervention on domestic
violence.
!
Assumption University has created a website
providing information on violence against
women. Thailand's nation-wide "Say No to
Violence" Campaign, is a part of the
international ‘Say No to Violence' campaign
and has provided a crucial basis for promoting
effective cooperation for more substantive
work to end violence against women.
Produced by:
Gender, Women and Health (GWH)
Department of Family Health and Research
World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia
World Health House, Indraprastha Estate
Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi-110002
Phone: 91 11 23370804, Ext 26301
Fax: 91-11-23379507, 23379395, 23370197
Email: suchaxayp@searo.who.int