TEACHERS’ WAYS IN MAXIMIZING STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING IN APPERCEPTION STAGE - repository perpustakaan

  

“TEACHERS’ WAYS I N MAXI MI ZI NG STUDENTS’

CRI TI CAL THI NKI NG I N APPERCEPTI ON STAGE”

THESIS

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for Getting S.Pd. Degree of Education

in the Education English Department

  Arrange by:

  

PEGGY HERMANTO

110105067

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT AND EDUCATION FACULTY

THE UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH PURWOKERTO

YEAR 2015

  

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

  Praise be to Allah S.W.T, the most graceful and merciful, the giver of divine direction and guidance, who has given blessing and mercy, so that the writer could accomplish the thesis as a partial fulfillment of the requirements of S. Pd degree in Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto.

  The writer wishes to express great appreciation and special thanks to:

  1. Mrs. Rina Agustina, S.S., MApplLing TESOL , as the Supervisor who has given much attention and guidance to the writer so that the writer can finish this thesis.

  2. Mr. Anton, M.Pd and Mr. Singgih Wahyudi, S.Pd for your kindness in helping me so that I can be successful in conducting this research.

  3. All of the lecturers of English department for your kindness, guidance, and everything. You have given me so much knowledge and skill. To have such great lecturers like you all is my pride.

  4. Drs. Pudiyono, M.Hum, as the Chief of English Department who has given the writer opportunity and agreement to conduct this study.

  5. Drs. Ahmad, M.Pd as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty.

  6. Dr. Syamsuhadi Irsyad, M.H., as the Rector of Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto.

  7. My father, mother, brother, grandmother, and grandfather who are always pray for me. From you, I got inspiration and motivation to finish this thesis. v

  DEDICATION

  This thesis is proudly dedicated to:

• My father and my mother* Thanks a million for my beloved father who has been working hard for your children.

  You teach me how to be a strong boy who never gives up in any condition. Thanks a million as well for my beloved mother who always supports me. You have given me so much attention and lesson how to keep fighting in reaching my bright future. I promise I will make you happy. My graduation will be for you Daddy and Mom

• My brother* Because of you, I am stronger. You encourage me to always keep spirit in my study.

  Without you, my life is empty. I hope you will get what becomes your dreams and make our parents proud of having children like us.

• My grandmother and my grandfather* Thank you so much for always supporting me. Thank you very much, you pray for me to always keep spirit to get success. I hope you will be happy and proud of me.

vii

  MOTTO “Early bird catches worms” <==*==> “The sooner, the better” <==*==> “There is no rose without thorn, there is no royal road to success” <==*==> “Success never comes to the indolence” <==*==> “A man without ambition is like a bird without wings” viii

  LIST OF CONTENTS TITLE. ............................................................................................................... i APPROVAL.. .................................................................................................... ii STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................. v DEDICATION................................................................................................... vii MOTTO ............................................................................................................. viii LIST OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................ x LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................... xiii LIST OF APPENDICES. ................................................................................. xiv ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... xv

  Chapter I INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 1-7 A. Background ..........................................................................

  1 B. Reasons for Choosing the Topic ..........................................

  6 C. Research Question ...............................................................

  7 D. The Purpose of the Study .....................................................

  7 Chapter II LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................... 8-32 A. Teacher’s Ways (Teachers’ Strategy) ...................................

  8 1. Teaching and Strategy ......................................................

  8

  ix

  2. The Components of Teaching ..........................................

  25 3. Apperception ...................................................................

  35 D. The Method for Analyzing Data ..........................................

  34 C. Technique for Collecting Data .............................................

  33 B. Participant of Research ........................................................

  32 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY............................................ 33-40 A. Method of Research .............................................................

  31 F. Hypothesis.............................................................................

  31 E. Basic Assumption .................................................................

  29 D. Previous Study ......................................................................

  28 4. Aspects of Apperception ..................................................

  23 2. 2013 Curriculum...............................................................

  10 3. The Phases and Selection of Teaching Strategy...............

  23 1. Curriculum in General ......................................................

  21 C. Apperception Stage ...............................................................

  20 5. The Ways to Improve Critical Thinking ..........................

  19 4. The Benefits of Critical Thinking.....................................

  17 3. The Elements of Critical Thinking ...................................

  16 2. Critical Thinking in General.............................................

  16 1. Thinking ...........................................................................

  12 B. Critical Thinking ...................................................................

  38 Chapter III

  x

  Chapter IV RESULT and DISCUSSION................................................... 41-74 A. Result .....................................................................................

  41 B. Discussion ..............................................................................

  65 Chapter V CONCLUSION and IMPLICATION ................................... 76-77 A. Conclusion .............................................................................

  76 B. Implication .............................................................................

  77 REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 78-79

  APPENDICES ................................................................................................. 80-104

  xi

  LIST OF TABLE

  TABLE PAGE

  1. Table 1: Indicators of Questionanire

  35 xii

  LIST OF FIGURES

  9. Figure 9: Demonstrating something who relates to the material)

  16. Figure 16: Making summary by involving students

  51

  15. Figure 15: Discussing students’ presentations

  50

  14. Figure 14: Asking students to present their discussion result

  49

  13. Figure 13: Asking students to discuss and monitoring discussion

  49 assumption

  12. Figure 12: Doing question and answer to know students’ initial

  48

  11. Figure 11: Guiding students to enter the problem

  48

  10. Figure 10: Giving problem or task

  47

  46

  FIGURES PAGE

  Figure 4:Creating conducive situation and building enthusiasm

  1. Figure 1: Miles and Huberman

  38

  2. Figure 2: Having good comprehension in material

  42

  3. Figure 3: Giving oral instructions briefly and clearly

  42 4.

  43

  8. Figure 8: Asking challenging questions and connecting case with their experiences

  5. Figure 5: Admonishing students and Managing time

  44

  6. Figure 6: Making groups randomly

  45

  7. Figure 7: Giving students opportunity to deepen understanding

  45

  51 xiii

APPENDICES PAGE

  1. Appendix A : Instruments

  80

  2. Appendix B : Questionnaire Result Percentage

  91 Tabulation of Questionnaire

  93

  3. Appendix C : Research Permission Letters

  94 xiv

  

ABSTRACT

TEACHERS’ WAYS IN MAXIMIZING STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING

  

IN APPERCEPTION STAGE

PEGGY HERMANTO 1101050067

  Specifically, the study was aimed to reveal teachers’ strategies in maximizing students’ critical thinking especially in apperception stage, the initial stage in the teaching learning process. The method used was descriptive-qualitative which focused on collecting information. The sample of the research was the certified English teachers who teach in piloting junior high schools in Purwokerto. The technique for collecting data was closed-questionnaire as the main data, semi- structured interview, and participant-observation as the supporting data to gain depth information and to ensure that the teachers implemented those activities in their classroom. The results of questionnaire as the main data were converted into percentages. In summary, it was revealed that there are 17 effective teachers’ strategies which should be applied by the teacher in order to build and maximize students’ critical thinking in apperception stage. Three of them were: 1) having good skill in designing teaching learning process that appropriate with the material that will be taught. It was revealed that 100 % was got for that point. By having good ability in designing the teaching learning process, teacher will be easy to maximize students’ critical thinking 2) Using media in giving case or problem. All of the teachers strongly agreed to use the media, 100 % was got for this kind of activity. In this strategy, the teacher might use LCD, power point slide, video, picture, and others media. 3) Connecting the case or problem given with students’ experiences and environment. Nearly 65 % agreed to implement that activity. By connecting the case with students’ experiences and environment, the students would be more critical because they have known well about their experiences and environment. xv