Lecture 2th Identifying Source of Creative

Creativity and Innovation

Management

Try out

untuk Mengetahui Seberapa Kreatif Anda

You must not be weak, and do not be too you grieve, when you are the ones most high degree, if you are believers (QS. 3: 139)

Resource: Jane Henry (1991; von Stomm, 2003)

Identifying Five Sources as the Origin of

Creativity

• _{Grace–the creativity comes through divine inspiration; it is something that comes} to us; the creativity by hiring people who are graced with divine inspiration.

• _{Accident–the creativity arises by serendipitous good fortune and various scientific}

discoveries have been attributed to this kind of creativity (e.g. Penicillin).

• _{Association–the creativity occurs through the application of procedures from one}

area to another. Lateral thinking and brainstorming are methods supporting this approach to creativity.

• _{Cognitive–the creativity is nothing special, but that it relies on normal cognitive} process such as recognition, reasoning and understanding. Under this view, the role of ‘application’ is crucial. The emphasis here is on hardwork and productivity, and proponents of this theory.

• _{Personality–the creativity is seen as a particular human ability, an intrinsic part of}

life and growth. ‘Viewing creativity as a natural talent directs attention towards removing mental barriers to creativity to allow an innate spontaneity to flourish’.

Spiritual Intelligence is concerned with the inner life of mind and spirit and its relationship to being in the world. Spiritual intelligence implies a capacity for a deep understanding of existential questions and insight into multiple levels of consciousness. Spiritual intelligence also implies

awareness of spirit as the ground of being or as the creative life force of evolution (Frances Vaughan, 2002)

Spiritual is an encounter with one's own "inner dimension”.

Spiritual is deepest values and meanings by which people live

(Waaijman, Kees, 2002).

Interrelation between the Spirituality

and Creativity

In modern times the emphasis is on subjective experience

incorporating personal growth or transformation, usually in a

 

Integrity Enthusiasm G R O W T H

Sprituality

Totality Creativity

•Fit of Goodness

•Honesty

•_Truthfulness •Beyond your self

•Depth listening

•_{Depth thinking} •Depth seeing

•Hope •Desire •_Passion •Body •Spirit •_{Mental-attitude} •Organisasi •_Personal H os pit alit

y

حلفأ دق

Interrelation between the Spirituality

and Creativity

Seven Sources as the Origin of Creativity

by Peter F. Drucker

Peter Drucker, “The Discipline of Innovation”, Harvard Business Review, Agustus, 2002. hal. 95-103

•

_{The unexpected occurences}

_—peristiwa

yang tak terduga;

•

_Incongruence

_{—ketidaksesuaian antara}

ekspektasi dan realitas;

•

_{The process of fulfillment}

_—proses

pemenuhan kebutuhan.

•

_{The market changes}

_{—perubahan pasar}

yang sangat cepat;

•

_{Demographic changes}

_—perubahan

demografis;

•

_{Perception changes}

_{—perubahan persepsi;}

•

_{The discovery of new technologies}

_—

Identifying Three Components of

Creativity

Expertise is, in a word,

knowledge– technical,

procedural, and intellectual.

Motivation is generally accepted as key to creative production, and the most important motivatioin are intrinsic passion and interest in the work itself.

Creative thinking

relates to how people approach problems and depends on personality and thinking/working place. Creative thinking skills determine how flexible and imaginatively people approach problems.

• _{Motivation: a set of motivational attributes as} childlike curiosity, intrinsic interest,

perserverance bordering on obsession.

• _{Knowledge and expertise:}

o in-depth experience;

o _{long-term focus in one spesific area allowes}

people to build the technical expertise

• _{Creative thinking:}

o _{comfort in disagreeing with others and}

trying solutions that depart from status quo;

o _{combining knowledge from previously}

disparate fields;

o ability to preservere through difficult problems and dry spells;

o ability to step away from an effort and return later with a fresh perspective.

Identifying Three Components of

Creativity

“

People will be

most creative

when they feel

motivated

primarily by the

interest,

satisfaction, and

challenge of the

work itself—and

not by external

pressure

”

(Amabile, 2004: 78; Adams, 2005).

Knowledge refers to the wealth of reference. Refers to the wealth of experience will be built along the

reference time. The

combination of knowledge and experience is also a crucial factor in the

creation of creativity.

Image is a tool threshers. Technical knowledge and experience the

happenings of the difficulty of removing the rice work spawned this

creative idea. Now the tool has resulted in hundreds of millions of

dollars.

Real experience can be built in two ways: direct and

indirect

. Indirect experience is often forgotten. To get it, reading

about other people's success stories, learn their ways of thinking,

and take a lesson from every occurrence becomes very important.

In that way, we collect inspiring experience.

Environment Elements that

Affect the Creativity

1. Encouragement: a risk-taking mentality, goal clarity, and diversity in

team member background, and appreciate new ideas.

2. Autonomy: the freedom to organize the work and responsibility to

make decisions.

3. Resources: Extreme resource restrictions impede creativity, because

they give the impression that the project is less valuable.

4. Pressure: to a certain degree it is perceived as challenging; i.e. this

kind of pressure has a positive effect on creativity. It turns out to be

negative when it is perceived as excessive work load pressure.

5. Organizational Barriers:

Conservative thinking and rigid management

structures

impede creativity.

Identifying

Myths

about

Creativity

•

_{The smarter you are, the}

more creative you are;

•

_{The young are more creative}

than the old;

•

_{Creativity is reserved for the}

few – the flamboyant risk

takers;

•

_{Creativity is a solitary act;}

•

_{You can’t manage creativity.}

1. Creativity Comes from Creative Types. Creativity is dependent on

experience, knowledge and technical skills, talent, the ability to think in new ways and intrinsic motivation.

2. Money Is a Creativity Motivator. Employees need to feel that they are compensated fairly.

3. Time Pressure Fuels Creativity. The only time they can eliminate or reduce the distractions in their work environment and focus is when faced with urgent deadlines.

4. Fear Forces Breakthroughs. The creativity is positively associated with feelings of joy and love, and negatively associated with anger, and fear.

5. Competition Beats Collaboration. The creativity and innovation are more likely to result from collaboration between individuals and teams within an organization.

Resource: Riederer, Baier, and Graefe, 2005; Amabile et al.1996

Identifying

Myths

about

• _{Risk taking is acceptable to management: kesalahan} tidak berdampak pada punishment secara langsung.

• _{Employees have access to knowledge resources:}

Lebih mengutamakan akses daripada sumber ilmu.

• _{Innovators are rewarded: pemberlakuan apresiasi}

yang objektif, berkeadilan, dan transparan.

• _{Information is free flowing: terjadi hibridasi-kombinasi} pemikiran.

• _{New ideas and new ways of doing things are}

welcomed: ada dukungan dan pembelaan atas sebuah

ide terobosan.

• _{Good ideas are supported by executive patrons:}

terdapat mitra-patron dalam mengeksekusi ide. • _{Curiosity: memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar.}

• _{Connecting the dots at workplace: ada kemampuan}

mengoneksi semua elemen.

Beyond

The Eight Heuristic for

Directed Creativity

1. Make it habit to purposefully pause and notice things.

2. Focus your creative energies on just few topic areas that you genuinely care about and work on these purposely for several weeks or months. 3. Avoid being too narrow in the way you define your problem or topic

area, purposefully try broader definitions and see what insights you again. 4. Try to come up with original and useful ideas by making novel

associations among what you already know.

5. When you need creative ideas, remember: attention, escape, movement. 6. Pause and carefully examine ideas that make you laugh the first time you

hear them.

7. Recognize that your streams of thought and patterns of judgment based primarily on patterns from your past.

8. Make a deliberate effort to harvest, develop, and implement at least a few of the ideas you generate.

Success and failure are

unexpected is a

productive force

business innovation ,

because a lot of people

ignore it ... and even

hate it.

Environment Elements that

Affect the Creativity

1. Encouragement

: a risk-taking mentality, goal clarity, and diversity in

team member background, and appreciate new ideas.

2. Autonomy

: the freedom to organize the work and responsibility to

make decisions.

3. Resources

: Extreme resource restrictions impede creativity, because

they give the impression that the project is less valuable.

4. Pressure

: to a certain degree it is perceived as challenging; i.e. this

kind of pressure has a positive effect on creativity. It turns out to be

negative when it is perceived as excessive work load pressure.

5. Organizational Barriers

: Conservative thinking and rigid management

structures impede creativity.

Identifying Myths about

Creativity

•

_{The smarter you are, the}

more creative you are;

•

_{The young are more creative}

than the old;

•

_{Creativity is reserved for the}

few – the flamboyant risk

takers;

•

_{Creativity is a solitary act;}

•

_{You can’t manage creativity.}

1. Creativity Comes from Creative Types. Creativity is dependent on

experience, knowledge and technical skills, talent, the ability to think in new ways and intrinsic motivation.

2. Money Is a Creativity Motivator. Employees need to feel that they are compensated fairly.

3. Time Pressure Fuels Creativity. The only time they can eliminate or reduce the distractions in their work environment and focus is when faced with urgent deadlines.

4. Fear Forces Breakthroughs. The creativity is positively associated with feelings of joy and love, and negatively associated with anger, and fear.

5. Competition Beats Collaboration. The creativity and innovation are more likely to result from collaboration between individuals and teams within an organization.

Resource: Riederer, Baier, and Graefe, 2005; Amabile et al.1996

Identifying Myths about

Creativity

• _{Risk taking is acceptable to management: kesalahan}

tidak berdampak pada punishment secara langsung.

• _{Employees have access to knowledge resources:}

Lebih mengutamakan akses daripada sumber ilmu.

• _{Innovators are rewarded: pemberlakuan apresiasi}

yang objektif, berkeadilan, dan transparan.

• _{Information is free flowing: terjadi hibridasi-kombinasi}

pemikiran.

• _{New ideas and new ways of doing things are}

welcomed: ada dukungan dan pembelaan atas sebuah ide terobosan.

• _{Good ideas are supported by executive patrons:}

terdapat mitra-patron dalam mengeksekusi ide.

• _{Curiosity: memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar.}

• _{Connecting the dots at workplace: ada kemampuan}

mengoneksi semua elemen.

Beyond

The Eight Heuristic for

Directed Creativity

1. Make it habit to purposefully pause and notice things.

2. Focus your creative energies on just few topic areas that you genuinely care about and work on these purposely for several weeks or months. 3. Avoid being too narrow in the way you define your problem or topic

area, purposefully try broader definitions and see what insights you again. 4. Try to come up with original and useful ideas by making novel

associations among what you already know.

5. When you need creative ideas, remember: attention, escape, movement. 6. Pause and carefully examine ideas that make you laugh the first time you

hear them.

7. Recognize that your streams of thought and patterns of judgment based primarily on patterns from your past.

8. Make a deliberate effort to harvest, develop, and implement at least a few of the ideas you generate.

Success and failure are

unexpected is a

productive force

business innovation ,

because a lot of people

ignore it ... and even

hate it.