The Preparation of Natural Rubber -g-Gly sidil Metacr ilate Nanocomposite
,
71fE 4'" lNTERNA110NAL CONFERENCE ON 71fEORE11CAL AND Al'PUED PHYSIC'S (ICTAl'-2014)
16-1 7 October 2014, Denpasar-Ball.lndite KA-g-GMA with Bentonite
5Pbr
I. Natural rubber SIR 10 to 90 Phr and Phr KA IO-gGMA milled for 5 minutes by using a two roll mill.
2. Added 0.5 Phr milled Stearic Acid I minute.
3. Added 6 Phr milled ZnO 1 minute.
4. Then add Nanobentonit with variation (0, 1,3, 5, 7,
9 Phr) milled for 1 minute.
5. Added 0.5 Phr Mbt milled I minute
6. added 3.5 pbr sulfur milled 1 minute.
7. Then the mixture was compressed using bot
pressed using a mold with a thickness of I mm and
a tempemture of 1430C for 10 minutes and cooled
at room tempemture
8. Nanocomposite in the tensi le test, FTIR, and SEM
Characterization of nanocomposite I Bentonite
1, FTIR Analysis
The film is clamped on the results of mixing the
sample is then placed on the tool in the direction of
infrared mys. The results will be recorded into a
large-scale paper now curve of the intensity of
wave numbers.
2. Tensile Test
Film from specimens with thickness about 0.2 mm
was cut into specimens for testing elongation
(rensile test).
Compounds
Bener Mcriab Bentonite
54,43 - 76,35
10 18-2302
1,25-4,12
004-0.14
032-1,35
0,12 - 1,39
004-1,63
Sio,
AJ.o.
Fe,(),
CaO
MoO
N.,Q
K,Q
Characterization of Bentonite with FfIR
TABLE 2_ Data of FTlR Aoolysis on Nanobentonite
Particle
FubctioD Cluster
Strain ().H from hidroxyl clustcr (AJ.QH)
3614.6
Strain ()'H from H,o
3442.94
Strain CH: asymmetric
Strain CHi symmetric
Bending O-H from H P and N-H bending
Bending CH
16JJ .71
Si-O Stmin
1031.92
684 .73
457.13
538. 14
457.13
Si.Q pamllcl
\~bralion
Si-O-Si
AJ~idcfonar
Si-O-Si VIbration
Sources: Madejova 2003, Aishabanat (2013)
Results
or
Diffraction
Using
Char"acterization
X.ray
_.. __ ~ ._ _ .___ .__.__ .1.... _.. _. _~_ .. _. __ .~_ ... _.. _~ ... _. _...;...____.
L ___
•
~"_
,_I . __.l'~ ......._L,.._....,L._____~,. ____._L_._, .._
I
I
, ' III
I
FIGURE I. Specimens from Tensile Tesl based on ASTM
0 - 638 - 72 - Type IV
Both ends of the specimen is clamped on the tool
elongation then note the change in length (mm)
based on the great speed of 50 mm I min.
I
.. -· · - J .: -·
1
_
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
.
I
I t '
~- :~ · , t ' 1 · ·'-~}f
_
~'oNi,
FIGURE 2. xRD S
~
I
t
I
tnu
I
I
I
I~
,
;rBen'; Meri
,
-·1
I
I
,
·
~ BCOlonite
2
11fE 4" INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON 11fEORE17CA. LANDAPPUED PHYSICS (ICTAP-2014)
16-1 7 October 2014. Denpasar-Ball. Indonesia
Results of Cbaratterization Using SEM
1
I
I
ViU;oM.l
FIGURE 3. Piclure ofBener Moriah Benlonite SEM
Data from The Test Using Particle Sjze AnaJyzer
(PSA)
Test Results to Bentonite
i'- + - - -
I.
.1
I
...
_-..
.......
&j
•
..
,I
"
-
. .,..... .
FIGURE 4. Graphic Diameler of Ben 10nile
MooDey Vistosities Test for Natural Rubber
TABLE 3. Results of Nalural Rubber Viscosities Measuring
Mastic
N
0
.lion
Time
(mlnut
Aven
Visco,t
Viscoll
VIsc.osl
geor
Iyl
'12
'1 3
Vlsco,1
Ues
.J
FIGURE 5. The effect of mastication time to viscosities and
natural ",boor molecular weight
Charatterization Based on Analysis of the
Moth.nital Properties witb Tensile Test
TABLE 4. The Result of Tensile Strenght Calculalion of KA.
2-GMA NanocomOOSlte
No
Comparitioo (composition
Tensile Strenght
(at) (N/m'land massai
I
Carbon Black
3.813506667
2
Non Filler
10.97992222
](A / GMA, BPO / BENTONIT
3
8.733 I 06667
4
IPHR
5.364522222
5
KA / GMA, BPO / BENTONIT
2.310844444
6
3 PHR
5.092088888
7
KA / GMA, BPO / BENTONlT
5.092088888
8
SPHR
22.54849333
9
KA / GMA, BPO / BENTONIT
12.6838 1333
7PHR
KA / GMA. BPO / BENTON IT
9PHR
KA /(KA-g-GMA)/
BENTONIT 5 PHR
](A IBENTONIT ORGANO
PEGS PHR
Molecular
.
.
.
Weighl
(grlmol)
I
0
77
73
74
74.67
1.374.607. 16
2
2
43
43
42
42.67
6 12.766.38
3
4
39
40
39
39.33
556.677.02
4
6
26
27
27
26.67
321.910,38
5
8
15
15
15
15.00
142.998.41
6
10
15
15
15
15.00
142.998.4 /
.
~
"
II
'1 RAIN
..
FIGURE 6. Graphic of Tensile Slrenghl (N/m') from KA-g
-GMA nanocomposite
3
THE 4~
INTERNATIONAL CONFFJlENCE ON THEORE17CALANDAPPUED PHYSICS (lCTAP-20/4)
/6-/ 7 October 2014. Denpasar-Ball. lndonesia
Analysis of Function Cluster with FfIR Test
(Fourier Transform Illfra red Spectroscopy)
I___
JClIOa:)~15_!
NllNIt:l_S_
......
FIGURE II . ITIR KA(KA-g-GMA) 5PHR Spectra Results
FIGURE 7. FTIR KA spectra resu llS
Analysis of Morphology Properties with SEM
The result of FfIR GMA spectra wh ich
produced, can be seen in Figure 8.
FIGURE 8. FTIR GMA spectra resullS
(KA-g-
The result of FTIR BPO spectra can bee seen
in figure 9.
GMA) 5 phr which is enlarged 100 times.
FIGURE 9. F11R SPO spectra results
The result of FTIR KA-g-GMA spectra can
be seen in figure 10 .
13.
of SEM,
KASPO.GMA l PHR which is enlarged 500 times.
..j
~
I:
~ U:
j
. FIGURE 10. Hasil Spektra FTlR KA-g-GMA
-. .-
The result of FTIR KA(KA-g-GMA) 5PHR
spectra can be seen in figure I I.
of SEM,
KA.BPO.GMA l PHR which is enlarged 6000 times.
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Conclusions
I. Bentonite, which is come fromBener Meriah
District, used as filler and reinforcing materials
which function is to increase mechanical
4
,
·
'.
THE 4'" TNTERNA 110NAL CONFERENCE ON THEORE11CAL AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICTAP-20/4)
16-17 Octaber 2014. Denpruar-Bali. Indonesia
characteristic from bentonite-natural rubber
nanocomposite.
2. The characteristic of bentonite-natural rubber
nanocomposite obtained from this reseach are:
.) The resullS of bentonite-natural rubber
nanocomposite mechanical test show that the
optimum test is KA (KA-g-GMA) 5 phr
bentonite-natural rubber nanocomposite with
tensile strenght as big as 22,548 KgF!mm 2
with % of elongation as much as 17, 90% and
the modulus of elasticity about 0,0053 .
b) From FTIR spectra at wave number of
1734,72 em-I shows function cluster from
carbonyl (C=O), especially carbonyl cluster
from ester indicates that GMA has been
chemically bound with natural rubber.
c) Dari uji moprfologi dengan menggunakan
SEM diperoleh bahwa nanopartikel bentonit
terdispersi dengan baik pada matriks karet
alam.
Suggestion .
I. [t is recommended for further research to use
bentonite taken from other villages in the district
Bener Meriah, Aceh.
2. [t is recommended for further research to make
physical or chemical modification of the bentonitenatural rubber nanocomposite to improve the
of
natural
rubber
physical
appearance
nanocompositelbentonite produced as eliminate
white spots on natural rubber nanocomposlte
filmslbentonite. [t is recommended for future
studies varying the grafting resullS from KA-GMA
as compatibilizer
REFERENCES
I. Alexandre, M , Dubois, P., 2000, Polymer-layered
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties
and uses of a new class of materials, Laboratory 0/
Polymeric and Composite 003-6 lIIa/erials,
University of mons-Hainau\, Belgium.
Dong, w., Zhang, X., Liu, Y. Gui, H., Wang, Q.,
Gao, J., Song, Z ., Lai, J., Huang, F , Qiao, J. (2006)
Effect of rubber on properties of nylon6!unmodified clay! rubber n8nocomposites,
European Polymer Journal, 42, 2515-2522.
.
Frounchi, M., Dadbin, S., Salehpour, Z ., Noferesll,
M. (2006) Gas barrier properties of PPIEPDM
blend nano-composites. JOllrnalo/Membrane
Science, 282, 142-148.
Gil, A., Vicente, M.A. dan Gandia, L.M_, 2000,
Microporous and Mesoporous Mater, 34, 115-125.
Jia, D., 2009. Advanced in Natural Rubber! MMT
Nanocomposite; Jhon Willey and Sons inc.
Chapter 17, halaman 415-430.
Labaik, G., 2006, Kajian Bentonit di Kabupaten
Tasikmalaya. Bandung.
Tarachiwin, L., Sakdapipanich, J., Ute, K. ,
Kitayama, T., Tanaka, Y. (200S) tructural
characterization of -terminal group of natural
rubber 2: Decompoti-tion of branch-points by
phospholipase and chemical treatments, Biomacromolecliles, 6, 1858-1863.
8. Utracki, L., A , Kamal, M. R. , 2002, Clay
Containing PolymeriC Nanocomposite, Halaman
27, 43-67. UEA : 11,. Arabian Journal/or Science
and Engineering .
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Researchers would like to thank Saharman Goa as
one of supervisors in this reseach, also Faculty of
Mathematics and Natural Science, University of
Sumatra Utara, and all those who have supported this
research.
5
,
71fE 4'" lNTERNA110NAL CONFERENCE ON 71fEORE11CAL AND Al'PUED PHYSIC'S (ICTAl'-2014)
16-1 7 October 2014, Denpasar-Ball.lndite KA-g-GMA with Bentonite
5Pbr
I. Natural rubber SIR 10 to 90 Phr and Phr KA IO-gGMA milled for 5 minutes by using a two roll mill.
2. Added 0.5 Phr milled Stearic Acid I minute.
3. Added 6 Phr milled ZnO 1 minute.
4. Then add Nanobentonit with variation (0, 1,3, 5, 7,
9 Phr) milled for 1 minute.
5. Added 0.5 Phr Mbt milled I minute
6. added 3.5 pbr sulfur milled 1 minute.
7. Then the mixture was compressed using bot
pressed using a mold with a thickness of I mm and
a tempemture of 1430C for 10 minutes and cooled
at room tempemture
8. Nanocomposite in the tensi le test, FTIR, and SEM
Characterization of nanocomposite I Bentonite
1, FTIR Analysis
The film is clamped on the results of mixing the
sample is then placed on the tool in the direction of
infrared mys. The results will be recorded into a
large-scale paper now curve of the intensity of
wave numbers.
2. Tensile Test
Film from specimens with thickness about 0.2 mm
was cut into specimens for testing elongation
(rensile test).
Compounds
Bener Mcriab Bentonite
54,43 - 76,35
10 18-2302
1,25-4,12
004-0.14
032-1,35
0,12 - 1,39
004-1,63
Sio,
AJ.o.
Fe,(),
CaO
MoO
N.,Q
K,Q
Characterization of Bentonite with FfIR
TABLE 2_ Data of FTlR Aoolysis on Nanobentonite
Particle
FubctioD Cluster
Strain ().H from hidroxyl clustcr (AJ.QH)
3614.6
Strain ()'H from H,o
3442.94
Strain CH: asymmetric
Strain CHi symmetric
Bending O-H from H P and N-H bending
Bending CH
16JJ .71
Si-O Stmin
1031.92
684 .73
457.13
538. 14
457.13
Si.Q pamllcl
\~bralion
Si-O-Si
AJ~idcfonar
Si-O-Si VIbration
Sources: Madejova 2003, Aishabanat (2013)
Results
or
Diffraction
Using
Char"acterization
X.ray
_.. __ ~ ._ _ .___ .__.__ .1.... _.. _. _~_ .. _. __ .~_ ... _.. _~ ... _. _...;...____.
L ___
•
~"_
,_I . __.l'~ ......._L,.._....,L._____~,. ____._L_._, .._
I
I
, ' III
I
FIGURE I. Specimens from Tensile Tesl based on ASTM
0 - 638 - 72 - Type IV
Both ends of the specimen is clamped on the tool
elongation then note the change in length (mm)
based on the great speed of 50 mm I min.
I
.. -· · - J .: -·
1
_
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
.
I
I t '
~- :~ · , t ' 1 · ·'-~}f
_
~'oNi,
FIGURE 2. xRD S
~
I
t
I
tnu
I
I
I
I~
,
;rBen'; Meri
,
-·1
I
I
,
·
~ BCOlonite
2
11fE 4" INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON 11fEORE17CA. LANDAPPUED PHYSICS (ICTAP-2014)
16-1 7 October 2014. Denpasar-Ball. Indonesia
Results of Cbaratterization Using SEM
1
I
I
ViU;oM.l
FIGURE 3. Piclure ofBener Moriah Benlonite SEM
Data from The Test Using Particle Sjze AnaJyzer
(PSA)
Test Results to Bentonite
i'- + - - -
I.
.1
I
...
_-..
.......
&j
•
..
,I
"
-
. .,..... .
FIGURE 4. Graphic Diameler of Ben 10nile
MooDey Vistosities Test for Natural Rubber
TABLE 3. Results of Nalural Rubber Viscosities Measuring
Mastic
N
0
.lion
Time
(mlnut
Aven
Visco,t
Viscoll
VIsc.osl
geor
Iyl
'12
'1 3
Vlsco,1
Ues
.J
FIGURE 5. The effect of mastication time to viscosities and
natural ",boor molecular weight
Charatterization Based on Analysis of the
Moth.nital Properties witb Tensile Test
TABLE 4. The Result of Tensile Strenght Calculalion of KA.
2-GMA NanocomOOSlte
No
Comparitioo (composition
Tensile Strenght
(at) (N/m'land massai
I
Carbon Black
3.813506667
2
Non Filler
10.97992222
](A / GMA, BPO / BENTONIT
3
8.733 I 06667
4
IPHR
5.364522222
5
KA / GMA, BPO / BENTONIT
2.310844444
6
3 PHR
5.092088888
7
KA / GMA, BPO / BENTONlT
5.092088888
8
SPHR
22.54849333
9
KA / GMA, BPO / BENTONIT
12.6838 1333
7PHR
KA / GMA. BPO / BENTON IT
9PHR
KA /(KA-g-GMA)/
BENTONIT 5 PHR
](A IBENTONIT ORGANO
PEGS PHR
Molecular
.
.
.
Weighl
(grlmol)
I
0
77
73
74
74.67
1.374.607. 16
2
2
43
43
42
42.67
6 12.766.38
3
4
39
40
39
39.33
556.677.02
4
6
26
27
27
26.67
321.910,38
5
8
15
15
15
15.00
142.998.41
6
10
15
15
15
15.00
142.998.4 /
.
~
"
II
'1 RAIN
..
FIGURE 6. Graphic of Tensile Slrenghl (N/m') from KA-g
-GMA nanocomposite
3
THE 4~
INTERNATIONAL CONFFJlENCE ON THEORE17CALANDAPPUED PHYSICS (lCTAP-20/4)
/6-/ 7 October 2014. Denpasar-Ball. lndonesia
Analysis of Function Cluster with FfIR Test
(Fourier Transform Illfra red Spectroscopy)
I___
JClIOa:)~15_!
NllNIt:l_S_
......
FIGURE II . ITIR KA(KA-g-GMA) 5PHR Spectra Results
FIGURE 7. FTIR KA spectra resu llS
Analysis of Morphology Properties with SEM
The result of FfIR GMA spectra wh ich
produced, can be seen in Figure 8.
FIGURE 8. FTIR GMA spectra resullS
(KA-g-
The result of FTIR BPO spectra can bee seen
in figure 9.
GMA) 5 phr which is enlarged 100 times.
FIGURE 9. F11R SPO spectra results
The result of FTIR KA-g-GMA spectra can
be seen in figure 10 .
13.
of SEM,
KASPO.GMA l PHR which is enlarged 500 times.
..j
~
I:
~ U:
j
. FIGURE 10. Hasil Spektra FTlR KA-g-GMA
-. .-
The result of FTIR KA(KA-g-GMA) 5PHR
spectra can be seen in figure I I.
of SEM,
KA.BPO.GMA l PHR which is enlarged 6000 times.
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Conclusions
I. Bentonite, which is come fromBener Meriah
District, used as filler and reinforcing materials
which function is to increase mechanical
4
,
·
'.
THE 4'" TNTERNA 110NAL CONFERENCE ON THEORE11CAL AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICTAP-20/4)
16-17 Octaber 2014. Denpruar-Bali. Indonesia
characteristic from bentonite-natural rubber
nanocomposite.
2. The characteristic of bentonite-natural rubber
nanocomposite obtained from this reseach are:
.) The resullS of bentonite-natural rubber
nanocomposite mechanical test show that the
optimum test is KA (KA-g-GMA) 5 phr
bentonite-natural rubber nanocomposite with
tensile strenght as big as 22,548 KgF!mm 2
with % of elongation as much as 17, 90% and
the modulus of elasticity about 0,0053 .
b) From FTIR spectra at wave number of
1734,72 em-I shows function cluster from
carbonyl (C=O), especially carbonyl cluster
from ester indicates that GMA has been
chemically bound with natural rubber.
c) Dari uji moprfologi dengan menggunakan
SEM diperoleh bahwa nanopartikel bentonit
terdispersi dengan baik pada matriks karet
alam.
Suggestion .
I. [t is recommended for further research to use
bentonite taken from other villages in the district
Bener Meriah, Aceh.
2. [t is recommended for further research to make
physical or chemical modification of the bentonitenatural rubber nanocomposite to improve the
of
natural
rubber
physical
appearance
nanocompositelbentonite produced as eliminate
white spots on natural rubber nanocomposlte
filmslbentonite. [t is recommended for future
studies varying the grafting resullS from KA-GMA
as compatibilizer
REFERENCES
I. Alexandre, M , Dubois, P., 2000, Polymer-layered
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties
and uses of a new class of materials, Laboratory 0/
Polymeric and Composite 003-6 lIIa/erials,
University of mons-Hainau\, Belgium.
Dong, w., Zhang, X., Liu, Y. Gui, H., Wang, Q.,
Gao, J., Song, Z ., Lai, J., Huang, F , Qiao, J. (2006)
Effect of rubber on properties of nylon6!unmodified clay! rubber n8nocomposites,
European Polymer Journal, 42, 2515-2522.
.
Frounchi, M., Dadbin, S., Salehpour, Z ., Noferesll,
M. (2006) Gas barrier properties of PPIEPDM
blend nano-composites. JOllrnalo/Membrane
Science, 282, 142-148.
Gil, A., Vicente, M.A. dan Gandia, L.M_, 2000,
Microporous and Mesoporous Mater, 34, 115-125.
Jia, D., 2009. Advanced in Natural Rubber! MMT
Nanocomposite; Jhon Willey and Sons inc.
Chapter 17, halaman 415-430.
Labaik, G., 2006, Kajian Bentonit di Kabupaten
Tasikmalaya. Bandung.
Tarachiwin, L., Sakdapipanich, J., Ute, K. ,
Kitayama, T., Tanaka, Y. (200S) tructural
characterization of -terminal group of natural
rubber 2: Decompoti-tion of branch-points by
phospholipase and chemical treatments, Biomacromolecliles, 6, 1858-1863.
8. Utracki, L., A , Kamal, M. R. , 2002, Clay
Containing PolymeriC Nanocomposite, Halaman
27, 43-67. UEA : 11,. Arabian Journal/or Science
and Engineering .
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Researchers would like to thank Saharman Goa as
one of supervisors in this reseach, also Faculty of
Mathematics and Natural Science, University of
Sumatra Utara, and all those who have supported this
research.
5
,