ERRORS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT MADE BY THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 1 KARTASURA Errors In Writing Descriptive Text Made By The Second Grade Students Of SMP Negeri 1 Kartasura.
ERRORS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT MADE BY THE SECOND
GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 1 KARTASURA
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
SEPTIANA
A 320 080 156
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
i
APPROVAL
ERRORSI IN WRITING DESCRIPTTVE TEXT MADE BY TITE SECONI)
GRADE STUDENTS OF'SMP NEGERI
1
KARTAST]RA
by
SEPTIANA
A 320 080 156
Approved to be Examined by Consultant
Consultant
,/
^
II
Consultant
M, Hum.
Nur Hidayat, S.Pd.
I\iIIC
I
ruK.
771
1l
274
ACCEPTANCE
ERRORS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT MADE BY THE SECOND
GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI
1
KARTASURA
by
SEPTIANA
a 320 080 1s6
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiner
Schools of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
on June......rZAl2
Team of Examiner:
1. Prof.
Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum.
(Chair Person)
2. Nur Hidayat, S. Pd.
(Member
I)
(,4.--\A
3. Drs. Maryadi, MA.
(Member
If)
111
)
f
TNSTIMONY
Herewith,
I assert there are no plagiarisms of the previous literary
works which have been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a university in this
research paper, nor there are opinions which have been written or published by
others, except those in which the writing was referred in the manuscript and
mentioned in bibliography.
If it
will
is proven that there are some untrue statements
in this testimony; I
be responsible.
Surakarta, June 9e 2012
IV
MOTTO
The more knowledge and experience you have broader
the better minded you will be (The writer)
“Jer basuki mawa bea” (success requires sacrifice)
(Ronggowarsito)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
My dear parents, and
My dear husband
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahirrobbil’alamin, gratitude to Allah SWT for all the
mercy, and who had given the opportunity and provided convenience to the
writer in preparation of this research paper. This research paper would not be
completed without the help and support of the others. On this occasion the
writer wishes to thanks to the following persons for their contributions that
they have given:
1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si, Dean of School Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Titis Setiabudi, SS, M. Hum, as a Head of English Department who has
given the agreement for the researcher’s title,
3. Prof. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum, as the first supervisor who has given
leisure and knowledge during the process research writing. Gratitude for
the guidance, support, and criticism that makes the writer becomes
stronger and more knowledgeable.
4. Nur Hidayat, S.Pd, as the second supervisor who patiently has provided
guidance, support, and useful knowledge to the writer in process of
completing this research paper.
5. The Headmaster of SMPN 1 Kartasura, Prihatin Budi Rahayu, S.Pd, for
giving permission to do the research,
6. All of the teachers in SMPN 1 Kartasura, especially to English teacher,
Missis Yuliana Ninik, SB, Amd.Pd for the help and support. All of the
students of SMPN 1 Kartasura, especially in class VII A who became
participate in this research,
vii
7. A special thank you for her dear parents “Bapak and Ibu” for their
praying, encouragement, and patience. They are the source of inspiration
during the process of research paper “You are the heroes in my life and I
am proud of you,”
8. Special thank you for her dear husband “Ikhsan Isnadi Ad’kha, ST” for
the love and affection that has become a source of strength and spirit
during the process of research paper “I am grateful to have you,”
9. Her dear old sisters, “Yuni, Utami, Juni, and Apri” thanks a lot for the
caring, and praying,
10. Her dear friends, “Winda, Mela, Ninik, Ratna, and all her friends in
class D, thank you for your love, support, understanding, and
encouragement,
11. Many thanks also addressed to all her dear friends who cannot be
mentioned one by one and who give assistance and suggestions in difficult
times.
The writer is aware that this paper is still not perfect. Therefore,
suggestions and criticisms are expected to refine and develop this paper. She
hopes this research would be helpful and useful for the readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta,
Septiana
viii
2012
TABLE OF CONTENT
page
TITLE ……………………………………………………………
i
APPROVAL .…………………………………………………....
ii
ACCEPTANCE ………………………………………………….
iii
TESTIMON ………………………………………………………
iv
MOTTO …………………………………………………………...
v
DEDICATION …………………………………………………....
vi
ACKNOWLEGDMENT…………………………………………
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT………………………………………….
ix
SUMMARY ………………………………………………………
xi
LIST OF APPENDIX ……………………………………………
xii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION…………………………………. 1
A. Background of the Study …………………………….. 1
B. Problem Statement………………………………….... 3
C. Objective of the Study………………………………… 4
D. Benefit of the Study ………………………………….. 4
E. Research Paper Organization .………………………
4
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ……………………… 6
A. Previous Study ……………………………………… 6
B. The Position of the Current Study …………………
7
C. Theoretical Review ………………………………...
9
1. Error Analysis ………………………………… 9
2. The Significance of Error Analysis …………… 10
3. Error and Mistake…..………………….............. 11
4. Classification of Errors ……..………………… 12
ix
5. Sources of Errors …………….……………......
20
6. English Texts …………………………………. 22
7. Descriptive Text ………………………………
23
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD..……………………….
26
A. Type of the Study ………………………………
26
B. Subject of the Study …………………………
26
C. Object of the Study …………………………….
26
D. Data and Data Source …………………………..
27
E. Technique of Collecting Data …………………..
27
F. Technique for Analyzing Data …………………
27
CAHPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION …. 30
A. Research Finding ……………………………….
30
1. Types of Errors ……………………….………… 30
2. The Sources of Error …………………………… 58
B. Discussion of Finding ……………………………. 62
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ……………. 68
A. Conclusion ………………………………………
68
B. The Implication of Errors in Language Teaching… 70
C. Suggestion ………………………………………
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
x
71
SI]MMARY
SEPTIANA. A 320080156. ERRORS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
MADE BY THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 1
KARTAS{JRA. Research Paper. School of Teacher Training and Education.
Muhammadiyah University of Surakartn. 2011
This research studies about errors in writing descriptive text. The subject
of this research is the second grade students of SMPN 1 Kartasura in 2011/2012
academic year. The object of this research is the erroneous on paragraph in
descriptive text made by the students. The objectives of this research are (1) to
describe the types oferrors, (2) to find out the sources oferrors.
In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative. The data sources
are taken from 30 student's descriptive text written of the second grade of SMP
Negeri I Kartasura. The writer collects the data from the students writing activity,
and document. The documents of this research are student's work sheets. Here the
writer classifies the types of errors by using linguistic category and
surface
taxonomy.
The result of this research shows that; (l) There are 4 levels errors;
erors at l7,2Yo, grammar erTors at 54,9Yo, lexical effors at l7,7Yo, and
discourse errors at l0,2o/o, and classified into 18 errors that derived from 38 types
of errors. Based on the finding above, it can be concluded that the students of
SMP Negeri I Kartasura still make some errors in their descriptive texts, and the
dominant errors is grammar errors, it can be seen by the highest percentage at
54,9yo especially error in bound morpheme -s/-es at 10,60/o, it means that the
students still have difficulties in this area, (2) There are 3 sources of errors; first
is interlingual transfer, second is intralingual transfer, and third is context learning
substance
where the students used some wrong patterns.
Keywords: Error Analysis, Descriptive Text.
eonsultant
II
NIK.771
I(ARS}
LIST OF APPENDIXES
1. List of Table
2. The Data of Erroneous
3. The Sample of Students Language
xii
GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 1 KARTASURA
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
SEPTIANA
A 320 080 156
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
i
APPROVAL
ERRORSI IN WRITING DESCRIPTTVE TEXT MADE BY TITE SECONI)
GRADE STUDENTS OF'SMP NEGERI
1
KARTAST]RA
by
SEPTIANA
A 320 080 156
Approved to be Examined by Consultant
Consultant
,/
^
II
Consultant
M, Hum.
Nur Hidayat, S.Pd.
I\iIIC
I
ruK.
771
1l
274
ACCEPTANCE
ERRORS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT MADE BY THE SECOND
GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI
1
KARTASURA
by
SEPTIANA
a 320 080 1s6
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiner
Schools of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
on June......rZAl2
Team of Examiner:
1. Prof.
Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum.
(Chair Person)
2. Nur Hidayat, S. Pd.
(Member
I)
(,4.--\A
3. Drs. Maryadi, MA.
(Member
If)
111
)
f
TNSTIMONY
Herewith,
I assert there are no plagiarisms of the previous literary
works which have been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a university in this
research paper, nor there are opinions which have been written or published by
others, except those in which the writing was referred in the manuscript and
mentioned in bibliography.
If it
will
is proven that there are some untrue statements
in this testimony; I
be responsible.
Surakarta, June 9e 2012
IV
MOTTO
The more knowledge and experience you have broader
the better minded you will be (The writer)
“Jer basuki mawa bea” (success requires sacrifice)
(Ronggowarsito)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
My dear parents, and
My dear husband
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahirrobbil’alamin, gratitude to Allah SWT for all the
mercy, and who had given the opportunity and provided convenience to the
writer in preparation of this research paper. This research paper would not be
completed without the help and support of the others. On this occasion the
writer wishes to thanks to the following persons for their contributions that
they have given:
1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si, Dean of School Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Titis Setiabudi, SS, M. Hum, as a Head of English Department who has
given the agreement for the researcher’s title,
3. Prof. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum, as the first supervisor who has given
leisure and knowledge during the process research writing. Gratitude for
the guidance, support, and criticism that makes the writer becomes
stronger and more knowledgeable.
4. Nur Hidayat, S.Pd, as the second supervisor who patiently has provided
guidance, support, and useful knowledge to the writer in process of
completing this research paper.
5. The Headmaster of SMPN 1 Kartasura, Prihatin Budi Rahayu, S.Pd, for
giving permission to do the research,
6. All of the teachers in SMPN 1 Kartasura, especially to English teacher,
Missis Yuliana Ninik, SB, Amd.Pd for the help and support. All of the
students of SMPN 1 Kartasura, especially in class VII A who became
participate in this research,
vii
7. A special thank you for her dear parents “Bapak and Ibu” for their
praying, encouragement, and patience. They are the source of inspiration
during the process of research paper “You are the heroes in my life and I
am proud of you,”
8. Special thank you for her dear husband “Ikhsan Isnadi Ad’kha, ST” for
the love and affection that has become a source of strength and spirit
during the process of research paper “I am grateful to have you,”
9. Her dear old sisters, “Yuni, Utami, Juni, and Apri” thanks a lot for the
caring, and praying,
10. Her dear friends, “Winda, Mela, Ninik, Ratna, and all her friends in
class D, thank you for your love, support, understanding, and
encouragement,
11. Many thanks also addressed to all her dear friends who cannot be
mentioned one by one and who give assistance and suggestions in difficult
times.
The writer is aware that this paper is still not perfect. Therefore,
suggestions and criticisms are expected to refine and develop this paper. She
hopes this research would be helpful and useful for the readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta,
Septiana
viii
2012
TABLE OF CONTENT
page
TITLE ……………………………………………………………
i
APPROVAL .…………………………………………………....
ii
ACCEPTANCE ………………………………………………….
iii
TESTIMON ………………………………………………………
iv
MOTTO …………………………………………………………...
v
DEDICATION …………………………………………………....
vi
ACKNOWLEGDMENT…………………………………………
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT………………………………………….
ix
SUMMARY ………………………………………………………
xi
LIST OF APPENDIX ……………………………………………
xii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION…………………………………. 1
A. Background of the Study …………………………….. 1
B. Problem Statement………………………………….... 3
C. Objective of the Study………………………………… 4
D. Benefit of the Study ………………………………….. 4
E. Research Paper Organization .………………………
4
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ……………………… 6
A. Previous Study ……………………………………… 6
B. The Position of the Current Study …………………
7
C. Theoretical Review ………………………………...
9
1. Error Analysis ………………………………… 9
2. The Significance of Error Analysis …………… 10
3. Error and Mistake…..………………….............. 11
4. Classification of Errors ……..………………… 12
ix
5. Sources of Errors …………….……………......
20
6. English Texts …………………………………. 22
7. Descriptive Text ………………………………
23
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD..……………………….
26
A. Type of the Study ………………………………
26
B. Subject of the Study …………………………
26
C. Object of the Study …………………………….
26
D. Data and Data Source …………………………..
27
E. Technique of Collecting Data …………………..
27
F. Technique for Analyzing Data …………………
27
CAHPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION …. 30
A. Research Finding ……………………………….
30
1. Types of Errors ……………………….………… 30
2. The Sources of Error …………………………… 58
B. Discussion of Finding ……………………………. 62
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ……………. 68
A. Conclusion ………………………………………
68
B. The Implication of Errors in Language Teaching… 70
C. Suggestion ………………………………………
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
x
71
SI]MMARY
SEPTIANA. A 320080156. ERRORS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
MADE BY THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 1
KARTAS{JRA. Research Paper. School of Teacher Training and Education.
Muhammadiyah University of Surakartn. 2011
This research studies about errors in writing descriptive text. The subject
of this research is the second grade students of SMPN 1 Kartasura in 2011/2012
academic year. The object of this research is the erroneous on paragraph in
descriptive text made by the students. The objectives of this research are (1) to
describe the types oferrors, (2) to find out the sources oferrors.
In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative. The data sources
are taken from 30 student's descriptive text written of the second grade of SMP
Negeri I Kartasura. The writer collects the data from the students writing activity,
and document. The documents of this research are student's work sheets. Here the
writer classifies the types of errors by using linguistic category and
surface
taxonomy.
The result of this research shows that; (l) There are 4 levels errors;
erors at l7,2Yo, grammar erTors at 54,9Yo, lexical effors at l7,7Yo, and
discourse errors at l0,2o/o, and classified into 18 errors that derived from 38 types
of errors. Based on the finding above, it can be concluded that the students of
SMP Negeri I Kartasura still make some errors in their descriptive texts, and the
dominant errors is grammar errors, it can be seen by the highest percentage at
54,9yo especially error in bound morpheme -s/-es at 10,60/o, it means that the
students still have difficulties in this area, (2) There are 3 sources of errors; first
is interlingual transfer, second is intralingual transfer, and third is context learning
substance
where the students used some wrong patterns.
Keywords: Error Analysis, Descriptive Text.
eonsultant
II
NIK.771
I(ARS}
LIST OF APPENDIXES
1. List of Table
2. The Data of Erroneous
3. The Sample of Students Language
xii