Anna`s intrapersonal conflicts as seen in Jodi Picoult`s My Sister`s Keeper.
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ANNA’S INTRAPERSONAL CONFLICTS
AS SEEN IN JODI PICOULT’S MY SISTER’S KEEPER
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Pauline Widyastuti
Student number: 081214042
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ART EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2013
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ANNA’S INTRAPERSONAL CONFLICTS
AS SEEN IN JODI PICOULT’S MY SISTER’S KEEPER
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Pauline Widyastuti
Student number: 081214042
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ART EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2013
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I DEDICATE THIS THESIS TO MY BELOVED FAMILY,
MY FATHER, MY MOTHER, AND MY LITTLE SISTER.
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STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY
I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work
or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and the
references, as a scientific paper should.
Yogyakarta, 7 June 2013
The Writer
Pauline Widyastuti
081214042
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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN
PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Yang bertandatangan di bawah ini, saya, mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:
Nama
: Pauline Widyastuti
Nomor Mahasiswa
: 081214042
Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan
Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:
ANNA’S INTRAPERSONAL CONFLICTS
AS SEEN IN JODI PICOULT’S MY SISTER’S KEEPER
beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan
kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan,
mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan
data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau
media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya
maupun memberikan royalty kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya
sebagai penulis.
Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Dibuat di Yogyakarta
Pada tanggal: 7 Juni 2013
Yang menyatakan
Pauline Widyastuti
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ABSTRACT
Widyastuti, Pauline. 2013. Anna’s Intrapersonal Conflicts as seen in Jodi
Picoult’s My Sister’s Keeper. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study
Program, Departement of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers
Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University.
This study discusses Jodi Picoult’s novel entitled My Sister’s Keeper. The
novel tells about the life of Anna Fitzgerald as an allogeneic donor for Kate, her
sister, who suffers from Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL). In her thirteen
years old, she decides to sue her parents to get a medical emancipation. Anna has
some intrapersonal conflicts regarding the reason of her existence and her decision
to get medical emancipation.
The problems raised in this study are: 1) How are Anna Fitzgerald’s
characteristics described in the novel? 2) What are the intrapersonal conflicts
faced by Anna in the novel? 3) How does Anna solve her intrapersonal conflicts
in the novel? Hence, the aims of this study are to find out Anna’s characteristics
description, to find out her intrapersonal conflicts faced by Anna in the novel and
how she solves her conflicts in the novel.
This study applies library research. The novel becomes the primary source
for analysis. The books about literature and psychology become the secondary
sources. The other secondary source also comes from the internet which is related
to the analysis. The theory of characters and characterization is applied to analyze
Anna’s character. For analyzing the intrapersonal conflicts faced by Anna, the
theory of intrapersonal conflict is applied. Meanwhile, the theory of conflict
resolution is used to find out what kind of conflict resolution does Anna take to
solve her conflicts.
According to the result of the analysis, this study finds four additions of
Anna’s personal traits description, adding the previous study findings. They are
critical and thoughtful, caring and loving to her family. There are three
intrapersonal conflicts faced by Anna throughout the novel. The first, Anna deals
with a decision whether to agree or refuse a kidney donation for Kate which is
considered as a double approach-avoidance conflict and Anna chooses
compromising to solve her conflict. The second, Anna deals with confusion about
her existence and her role in the family which is categorized as an avoidanceavoidance conflict solved by accommodation. The last is a decision whether to
continue or withdraw the trial which is categorized as a double approachavoidance conflict solved by third party.
This study provides some suggestions for future researchers who analyze
the same novel, My Sister’s Keeper. This study also provides a suggestion for
English teachers. The lesson plan and material for teaching are provided in this
study.
Keywords: conflict,
emancipation
intrapersonal
conflict,
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conflict
resolution,
medical
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ABSTRAK
Widyastuti, Pauline. 2013. Anna’s Intrapersonal Conflicts as seen in Jodi
Picoult’s My Sister’s Keeper. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa
Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Skripsi ini membahas sebuah novel karya Jodi Picoult berjudul My Sister’s
Keeper. Novel ini bercerita tentang kehidupan Anna Fitzgerald sebagai seorang
donor alogenik untuk kakak perempuannya, Kate yang menderita APL. Diumur
ke-13 tahunnya, Anna memutuskan untuk menuntut orang tuanya untuk
kebebasan medis. Anna menghadapi beberapa konflik intrapersonal yang
disebabkan karena alasan keberadaannya dan keputusannya untuk mendapatkan
kebebasan medis.
Permasalahn yang diangkat dalam skripsi ini adalah: 1) Bagaimana
karakteristik dari Anna Fitzgrelad digambarkan di dalam novel? 2) Apa saja
konflik intrapersonal yang dihadapi oleh Anna dalam novel? 3) Bagaimana Anna
menyelesaikan konflik intrapersonalnya dalam novel? Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari
skripsi ini adalah menemukan deskripsi karakteristik dari Anna, menemukan
konflik intrapersonal yang dihadapi olehnya dan bagaimana dia memecahkan
konfliknya dalam novel.
Skripsi ini menggunakan penilitian pustaka. Novel menjadi sumber utama
dalam menganalisa. Buku-buku tentang literatur dan psikologi menjadi sumber
sekunder. Sumber-sumber sekunder juga berasal dari internet yang berhubungan
dengan analisa. Teori karakter dan karakterisasi digunakan untuk menganalisa
karakteristik dari Anna. Untuk menganalisa konflik intrapersonal yang Anna
hadapi, teori konflik intrapersonal menjadi pegangan. Sementara itu, teori resolusi
konflik digunakan untuk menemukan jenis resolusi konlik apa yang digunakan
Anna untuk menyelesaikan konfliknya.
Berdasarkan hasil analisa, skripsi ini menemukan empat deskripsi karakter
Anna sebagai tambahan dari skripsi sebelumnya. Antara lain kritis dan pemikir,
peduli dan penuh kasih terhadap keluarganya. Ada tiga konflik intrapersonal yang
dihadapi oleh Anna sepanjang novel. Pertama, Anna dihadapkan dengan
keputusan untuk menyetujui atau menolak donasi ginjal untuk Kate yang
merupakan double approach-avoidance conflict dan Anna memilih untuk
berkompromi untuk menyelesaikan konfliknya. Kedua, Anna dihadapkan dengan
kebingungan tentang eksistensi dan perannya dalam keluarga yang merupakan
avoidance-avoidance conflict dan diseleseaikan dengan akomodasi. Terakhir
adalah keputusan untuk melanjutkan atau membatalkan sidang yang merupakan
double approach-avoidance conflict yang diselesaikan dengan pihak ketiga.
Pada akhirnya, skripsi ini memberikan beberapa saran untuk penelitian
selanjutnya pada novel yang sama, My Sister’s Keeper. Skripsi ini juga
memberikan saran untuk para guru bahasa Inggris. RPP dan materi untuk
mengajar juga tersedia dalam skripsi ini.
Keywords: conflict, intrapersonal conflict, conflict resolution, medical
emancipation.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I have to admit that the completion of this thesis is because of others’
support and prayer. Therefore, now I express my greatest gratitude to all people
who have given their support, prayer, and motivation to me to finish this thesis.
First of all, I would like to express my greatest gratitude to my Savior and
Guardian, Jesus Christ, who always gives His blessing to me throughout my life.
He never feels tired to guide me to pass every single day without any obstacle. He
is always there when I need Him. Without Him, this thesis cannot be completed.
I also dedicate my special gratitude to my family in Magelang who have
given their faith, patience, and support to me. I thank my father, Bambang S. W.,
for his financial support during my study in college. I also thank my mother, C.
Subekti Tri H., for her advice, support, and prayer. I also thank her for
encouraging me to finish my thesis. I also thank her little sister, C. Wiendasari,
who also becomes my roommate.
I would like to thank my advisor, Henny Herawati, S.Pd., M.Hum., who
has given me her precious time to guide me to go through the completion of this
thesis. I thank her willingness to check, to read, and to give precious feedback for
me so that I can move on with this thesis. I also thank all PBI lecturers who have
taught me a lot of things and given me a lot of experiences. I also thank Adesti
Komalasari, S.Pd., M.A., for becoming my proofreader and supporting me.
I would also like to thank all of my classmates in PBI 2008. I thank them
for becoming my classmates and supporting each other. I also thank Sasa, Detta,
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Mila, Yuan, Adi, Gilang, Andrew, Yohana, Pita, Ratih, Prisca, Astri, Liza,
Andre, Damas, Pandu and the others that I cannot mention. I thank them for
their cooperation and warm friendship during the hard time in doing the tasks. I
also thank Angga for his kindness to become my proofreader. I thank Selvi for
her willingness to check and recheck my thesis’ grammar, language, and diction. I
also thank Tiyas Tiyus for her support and her advice for finishing this thesis. I
also thank Anggi for becoming my best friend since senior high school, for the
greatest time of togetherness, and for her willingness to be my colleague, group
mate, and co-worker during the study in PBI. I also would like to thank Sesa for
his willingness to become my proofreader and helping me to gather ideas for this
thesis. I also thank Leo for becoming my tough boy friend and giving me support,
suggestions, motivation for not giving up in finishing my thesis.
Lastly, I would like to thank all people that have supported me throughout
this college year whom I have not mentioned yet.
Pauline Widyastuti
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………
i
APPROVAL PAGES……………………………………………………
ii
DEDICATION PAGE…………………………………………………..
iv
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY…………………………
v
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI…………………………
vi
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………….
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ABSTRAK………………………………………………………………… viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………..
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………...
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1
A. Background of the Study………………………………………… 1
B. Problem Formulation…………………………………………….. 3
C. Objectives of the Study…………………………………………..
4
D. Benefits of the Study……………………………………………..
4
E. Definition of Terms………………………………………………. 5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Review of Related Studies……………………………………….
7
7
B. Review of Related Theories……………………………………… 8
1. Psychological Approach……………………………………... 8
2. Theory of Character………………………………………….. 9
3. Theory of Characterization…………………………………… 10
4. Theory of Intrapersonal Conflict……………………………... 12
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5. Theory of Conflict Resolution……………………………….. 13
C. Theoretical Framework…………………………………………... 16
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
17
A. Object of the Study………………………………………………. 17
B. Approach of the Study…………………………………………… 18
C. Method of the Study……………………………………………...
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS
19
21
A. The Description of Anna’s Character…………………………….. 21
1. Critical and Thoughtful……………………………………….
24
2. Caring and Loving to Her
Family…………………………………………………………
26
B. Intrapersonal Conflicts Faced by Anna…………………………... 29
1. Agreeing or Refusing Kidney Donation for Her Sister……….
29
2. Doubting Her Existence and Her Role in the Family…………
35
3. Deciding to Continue or Withdraw the Trial………………….
40
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
45
A. Conclusions……………………………………………………….. 45
B. Suggestions……………………………………………………….. 47
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………..
50
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………….. 52
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter consists of five sections. The first section is the background of
the study which explains the reason why the writer chooses My Sister’s Keeper
novel. The second is the problem formulation which gives the general information
about what is discussed in this study. The third is the objectives of the study
which answers the problem formulations stated in this study. The fourth is the
benefits of the study, and the last one is the definition of terms used in this study.
A. Background of the Study
Family is an important aspect in most people’s life since it becomes the
place where most people look for a comfortable place to release the tension after
having a lot of activities. For people, family is considered as Home Sweet Home
because it becomes the place where they can share their burdens, tell their bad
experience, and express all their emotions. The older family members should
provide protection and security to the younger ones. In this case, children should
be protected and secured in the family (“Function of Family”, 2012).
Child is one of the members of the family. Every family dreams to have
child in the family. With the technology existing in this era, a couple’s problem of
not being able to have a baby can be solved. A “designer baby” has existed in the
developed country. A “designer baby” is creating a baby with a perfect
characteristic as wanted. This technology reduces the risk of having a disabled
child or the one with certain illness (Steere, 2008).
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This technology development has occurred a long time ago but it is still
having a lot of controversial arguments. Some of them may forbid or ban human
cloning like it is done by designer baby but some may need that for medical
purposes. If a designer baby born to be the child of the family, it will not become
a big deal to explain the fact to the child. The parents will not have some
problems to take care and give the attention to the child. It will be different if a
family is having a designer baby for medical purposes. The questions are how will
the parents tell their child? How will the parents treat their child? Do they treat the
designer child like the other child?
If the parents who are having the designer children for medical purposes
(saving other children) cannot maintain their attention to be equal for all children
they have, they will make the designer children having some conflicts about
questioning her real identity and role in the family (Darnovsky, 2000).
In Jodi Picoult’s My Sister’s Keeper, the reader is served with a complicated
situation where family becomes a burden for someone. Family becomes
something, which makes someone afraid of entering the house and avoiding to
notice. This novel serves various conflicts within one family where it was started
when the mother faces a situation where she has to sustain her first daughter’s life
because of illness. This situation makes this family decides to have another child
to keep her first daughter alive.
The Fitzgerald’s family shows all the conflicts among each other such as
Kate’s Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia since the age of two that makes her
become the center of the mother’s attention. Her mother, Sara Fitzgerald, becomes
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afraid of losing Kate. She and her husband decide to have another baby through a
technology of mixing the chromosome to get the perfect match of DNA. Anna
was born and she donates some parts of her body such as umbilical cord blood,
bone marrow, and her kidney to support her sister’s life. As the time goes by,
Anna is getting tired of donating parts of her body. She starts doubting her
existence and role in the family as a child. She is questioning herself about her
existence inside the Fitzgerald family. This situation makes Anna confused and
makes her facing some intrapersonal conflicts.
This study discusses the intrapersonal conflicts faced by Anna in the
Fitzgerald’s family. This study discusses what happened inside Anna’s thought
until she decides to prosecute her parents to stop the donation of her own body to
her sister. In order to analyze the intrapersonal conflict, this study discusses the
characteristics of Anna Fitzgerald portrayed in the novel. This study also
discusses kinds of conflict resolution chosen by Anna to solve her conflicts.
B. Problem Formulation
By having the background of the study, there are some problems
formulated. The problems are:
1.
How are Anna Fitzgerald’s characteristics described in the novel?
2.
What are the intrapersonal conflicts faced by Anna in the novel?
3.
How does Anna solve her intrapersonal conflicts showed in the novel?
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C. Objectives of the Study
The first objective of the study is to find out the characteristics description
of Anna Fitzgerald in the novel. This description about Anna helps to analyze how
Anna faces her intrapersonal conflicts as it is showed in the novel. It also gives the
general information on why she has those intrapersonal conflicts. After finding
out her intrapersonal conflicts, the next objective is to analyze the way Anna
solves her intrapersonal conflicts.
D. Benefits of the Study
This study is conducted to give a picture to the readers of the conflicts faced
by Anna as the child of the Fitzgerald’s family and the situation existed in the
Fitzgerald’s family. This predicaments inside the Fitzgerald’s family caused Anna
to experience intrapersonal conflicts. This study is also conducted to inform the
reader how Anna is portrayed in the novel and what interpretation that the writer
has about Anna.
The first benefit is intended for the writer and the readers. The writer finds
that by conducting this study, the writer sharpened an analytical thinking to reveal
literary works. The writer also find some moral values such as how to be a good
mother or daughter, children rights, and how to fight for the rights which are
violated. The writer also finds that relationship among family members is
important in a family.
The second benefit is intended to the future researchers who will conduct a
study in the same novel. This study helps them to be reference or guidance to
analyze the novel. This study also helps them to find some theories or topics
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related to the novel. Besides, this study helps them to enrich their view to analyze
the same novel.
The third benefit is intended to Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris students of
Sanata Dharma University, this study can be their guide to conduct a literature
study. This study is expected to give the PBI students on how to interpret literary
works especially novels and guide them how to analyze the different novel in the
same topic or how to analyze the same novel in a different point of view. Beside,
this study also gives them references how to implement a literary works into a
teaching-learning materials.
E. Definition of Term
1. Character
Abrams (1981) says a character is a portrayal of a person in the novel which
is interpreted by the reader through seeing their moral expressed in their dialogues
or in their actions (p. 20). In this study the character is Anna Fitzgerald as the
main character in the novel. In this study, Anna Fitzgerald is a portrayal of a
person in the novel.
2. Conflict
Isenhart and Spangle (2000) state that conflict can involve two different
choices or struggle for power. Defining conflict can be a difficult task because it
comes for several factors come in the same time and we may not be sure enough
about the main problem we faced. (p. 2)
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According to Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, conflict is a
situation when two people or more fight or oppose each other about different
arguments, principles, ideas, or beliefs. There are two types of conflict:
a. Interpersonal Conflict
According to Worchel and Cooper (1979), interpersonal conflict is a
conflict or disagreement which involves two or more people. (pp. 462-463).
b. Intrapersonal Conflict
Worchel and Cooper (1979) says that intrapersonal conflict is a situation
when an individual having two or more difficult choices and he or she has to
decided one of them. The choices have some positive and negative qualities inside
(p. 460). In this study, the intrapersonal conflict is the main topic to discuss and
analyze. In this study, Anna has two or more difficult choices within herself and
she has to choose one of them.
3. Medical Emancipation
According to uslegal.com the definition of emancipation is freeing a
minor from parents controlling and making a minor able to live with her or his
own. It is possible to make a minor sends a court petition to get the freedom from
controlling by parents or the other adults.
According to Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary the definition of
medical is related to the treatment of illness and injuries. Medical emancipation is
a legal term for getting a freedom related to surgery or medical treatment. In this
novel, medical emancipation is the term which is used by Anna to get her freedom
from any controlling medical treatments done by her parents.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
There are three sections in this chapter. The first is a review of related
studies, the second is a review of related theories, the third is a review on
psychological background, and the last is theoretical framework. Some theories
related to this study are psychological approach, theory of character, theory of
characterization, theory of intrapersonal conflict, and the last is theory of conflict
resolution.
A. Review of Related Studies
There are two previous studies which have been conducted using this novel.
The first one is titled The Meaning of a Mother’s Love to Her Dying Daughter as
Seen in Jodi Picoult’s My Sister’s Keeper. This study was conducted by one of
the seniors in English Language Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma
University, Bekti Kristiani. This study focuses on the meaning of Sara’s love to
her dying daughter, Kate.
In her study, Kristiani (2010) stated that, for Sara, love means sacrifice. Sara
sacrifices her time to be spent for looking after Kate; Sara is willing to replace
Kate’s pain; Sara sacrifices her feeling. Love for Kate also means care and
responsibility, struggle, and support (pp. 56-72).
Another study focuses on Anna’s motivation to stop her organ donation for
her sister. This study was also conducted by one of the seniors in English
Language Education Study Program in Sanata Dharma University, Agnes Ratna
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Kusuma Dwi. This study focuses on Anna’s motivations which encourage her to
stop the organ donation for her sister. Before analyzing Anna’s motivation, this
study first reveals the characteristics of Anna Fitzgerald portrayed in the novel.
This portrayal of Anna helps the writer to know why Anna has that kind of
motivation.
This previous researcher reveals Anna’s intrinsic motivations to stop her
organ donation and to struggle for her freedom to live like a normal girl should
live. Another motivation is an extrinsic motivation, which is to help her sister end
her misery (pp. 36-48).
B. Review of Related Theories
1.
Psychological Approach
Psychological approach is the approach that is used to analyze this study.
According to Rohrberger and Woods, Jr. there are five approaches that can be
used to analyze the novel (1971), they are: the formalist approach, the
biographical approach, the sociocultural-historical approach, the mythopoeic
approach, and the psychological approach. This psychological approach uses the
theory of psychology to know human motivation and human behavior that may
affect someone’s personality written in the literary work (pp. 6-15).
Furthermore, psychological approach reveals the unconscious aspects of
human being in giving a reaction for some actions. The reaction taken by a
character gives hints to the writer to reveal the description about the main
character in the novel. Rohrberger & Woods, Jr. (1976) also say that analyzing the
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pattern of reaction he/she is taken will lead to an interpretation to a real
experience of the reader (p. 14).
2.
Theory of Character
In order to find out and reveal the characteristics description of Anna
Fitzgerald portrayed in the novel, the writer also uses the theory of character and
characterization. According to Abrams (1981), characters are the figure of a
person or people presented in the novel or other dramatic and narrative work and
imagined by the reader through their dialogue in the novel or their actions in the
novel (p. 20). A character can be a stable character, which brings the reader an
interpretation that he or she does not undergo changes through the story. On the
other hand, a character can also be a changeable character which makes the reader
interprets that he or she has gone through several changes under certain
circumstances in the story. Whether it is stable or changeable character, realistic
works need consistency which means the character should not suddenly act
unconvincingly because the readers have already known it (p. 20).
Based on Forster’s Aspects of the Novel (1974) there are two types of
characters, they are flat and round characters. A flat character is a character
presented in the novel without having a complicated description in some
dialogues or sentences and it will be clearly described in one sentence or dialogue.
In addition, a round character is a character that has a very complex and
complicated description in some sentences or dialogues. A round character is
usually capable surprising in a convincing way (pp. 46-48).
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3.
Theory of Characterization
Abrams (1981) says that a characterization is the process to make the
character by the author. Characterization is about how the author describes the
character through a dialog. From the dialog, the author makes the character talk,
act and let the readers think what motivation lies behind the character’s action (pp.
20-21).
Based on Murphy (1972) in Understanding Unseens: An Introduction to
English Poetry and the English Novel for Overseas Students, understanding the
characters and the personalities of a person in a novel is obtained from
interpreting how the writer portrays the character in the novel. He also stated
some ways that some authors tried to make his character understandable and real
to his reader (pp. 161-173). Here are some ways which Murphy proposes to
understand and analyze the characters and personalities in the novel:
a. Personal Description
The author can describe the character by describing the appearances and
clothes. In the personal description, the author describes character through
appearances such as his build, his face, his hair, or his arms.
b. Character as Seen by Another
The author sometimes does not describe the character directly but he
describes him through the other characters’ point of view. The author gives the
description about the character through the other character’s eyes or point of view
and opinions.
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c. Speech
The author can also give a picture to the reader of one character through his
speaking. The character will be identified by his words or phrases when he is
talking to other characters in the novel.
d. Past Life
The author gives the reader a chance to learn a person’s past life. By
knowing the person’s past life, the author gives a clue about some events
happened which built his character. The person’s past life can be seen through his
conversation or through another person’s conversation and direct comment from
the author.
e. Conversation of Others
The author also gives a clue about a character’s description through other
people’s conversation about him or her. By seeing what other characters say about
him or her, the readers will know his or her characteristics.
f. Reactions
The reaction of a person to certain situations and events are also the clue
given by the author to the reader. How a person reacts to something or some
problems will define what kind of characteristics he has.
g. Direct Comment
The author gives a direct descriptions and comments about the character in
the novel. Commonly, it is clearly stated in some paragraphs and the readers do
not have to analyze carefully about the character’s characteristics.
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h. Thought
The author gives direct clues about the character through what he is
thinking. In the novel, we are able to know what a person thinks about something.
By knowing what is going on in his mind we can analyze and know what his
characteristics are.
i. Mannerism
The author sometimes describes the character’s characteristics by a
person’s mannerism, habits, or idiosyncrasies written. Those will be the clue for
the reader to analyze the character’s characteristics.
4. Theory of Intrapersonal Conflict
According to Lewin, (1935) as cited in Worchel & Cooper (1979) the way
to categorize the types of intrapersonal conflict, we can identify the responses
which the character mostly give. “Those motivating the individual to approach
the goal and those driving him to avoid it.” (p. 461)
Based on those two motives, she defines four types of intrapersonal conflict
as it is explained below:
1) Approach-Approach Conflict
This conflict or situation occurred when an individual faced two positive
goals but he can only choose one of them. For example, a donkey which starved
to death and offered by two equally attractive bales of hay and find it difficult to
choose. This type of conflict is easy to resolve. Theory of conflict says that the
one that is closer to the goal is the one that should be taken.
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2) Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict
This type of conflict occurred when an individual faced by two unattractive
goals. The best way to resolve is to escape from the situation faced. If the escape
is impossible to do, this conflict will be difficult to be resolved. For example,
hostages are offered by the inmates to die by a knife or by being clubbed. In this
situation the hostages faces avoidance-avoidance conflict.
3) Approach-Avoidance Conflict
This conflict includes only one goal, which has both attractive and
unattractive qualities associated with it. The individual’s desire to both obtain the
goal and escape from it traps him in a conflict. For example, a person who is in
his diet and restricts himself with his favorite food, is offered by his favorite meal
in front of him. This situation makes him trapped in a confusion.
4) Double Approach-Avoidance
This type of conflict makes an individual has to choose between two goals.
Each of them has positive and negative aspects. “The more attractive the goal, the
greater the conflict.” (p. 461). For example, the goal of a person who is thirsty is
to drink some water. Therefore, he is offered by two types of water to drink. The
first one is a pond of salt water and the other one is a pond of fresh water
surrounded by rattlesnakes.
5. Theory of Conflict Resolution
Isenhart and Spangle (2000) says that a conflict makes someone lose a lot of
things (p. 13). A person may lose sleep, lose motivation, and lose relationship.
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Because of the destruction made by a conflict or some conflicts, Isenhart and
Spangle (2000) give five common ways to approach a conflict (pp. 26-27). The
first way is avoiding. It means, a person approaches a conflict by retreating or
escaping. The person will avoid any discussions related to the conflict she/he has.
He or she tends to see his or her conflicts not as a conflict. The second way is
accommodation. The person sacrifices his or her interest for others’ interest. The
third is compromising, meaning that, each of the conflicting parties has to
sacrifice some of their interests through a discussion to achieve an agreement. The
fourth is competitive. This type of style has some characteristic, they are:
aggressive, self-focused, forcing, verbally assertive, and uncooperative behavior
which are done by a person to achieve his/her interest. The last is collaborative
where both conflicting parties involve in an emphatic-communication which
means both parties will be listened.
Isenhart and Spangle (2000) also stated some other ways to approach
conflicts which involves the third party, they are negotiation, mediation,
facilitation, arbitration, and judicial processes (pp. 45-152).
Negotiation is the very first approach to resolve conflict. Negotiation is the
way to resolve the problem through a discussion and sharing in a peaceful way to
avoid another conflict occurred. There are two kinds of negotiation, namely an
integrative negotiation and a distributive negotiation. An integrative negotiation is
a constructive problem-solving negotiation. Both parties involved in negotiation
exchange information. They share their problem in a respectful and cooperative
way. The goal of this negotiation is to get both parties maximize their interests
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and protect their relationship. This negotiation approaches conflict as a joint
venture. It solves the conflict by having a win-win solution: understanding both
parties without being fallen down. Distributive negotiation or can be called as a
bargaining approach. This negotiation approaches conflict with a different mindset of a conflict resolution. It sees a conflict by using a narrow perspective
because it seeks advantages and goals to resolve the conflict. The relationship and
interests is not considered as an important aspect in resolving the conflict and
solves the conflict by win-lose solution
The second approach is mediation. This conflict resolution occurs when
negotiation does not work well in resolving the conflict and they get third party to
help them resolve their conflict. This third party should be neutral and they do not
have any rights to give arguments, decisions, outcomes, or interferences in the
discussion. The third party is called as mediator who responsible to listen to both
dispute parties and give some information which may lead to an agreement to
both dispute parties.
The third approach is facilitation. This approach applies when the complex
conflict occurred in a bigger or larger group. This approach also needs the third
party as a facilitator who facilitates a collaborative discussion.
The fourth approach is arbitration. This conflict resolution applies when
negotiation and mediation do not come out with a good solution. This conflict
resolution needs third party as an arbitrator. An arbitrator is chosen by the quarrel
party to make a decision for them. Arbitration is an informal problem solving. The
rules and norms depend on the parties’ agreement.
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The fifth approach is a judicial process. It is the combination of legal and
non legal procedures. In this conflict resolution the third party is a court. This last
approach becomes the last choices when the fourth approaches do not work well
in a conflict resolution.
C. Theoretical Framework
Some theories are applied to analyze My Sister’s Keeper novel. They are
theory of psychological approach, theory of character, theory of characterization,
theory of intrapersonal conflict, and theory of conflict resolution.
The first problem is analyzed using the theory of character and
characterization and also referring to the review of related studies. Analyzing the
characteristics description of Anna Fitzgerald in the novel help the writer to find
out how she deals with the conflicts she has. The characteristics of Anna can be
identified by analyzing her personal description, her dialog and interaction with
other people, her action and reaction, her responses, her thoughts, and her
attitudes.
Theory of intrapersonal conflict is applied to find out the type of
intrapersonal conflicts faced by Anna. It helps the writer to differentiate the four
types of intrapersonal conflicts and select the intrapersonal conflict faced by
Anna.
After finding out Anna’s intrapersonal conflicts, theory of conflict
resolution is used to analyze what kind of resolution she takes during her difficult
time.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
There are three sections in this chapter. The first one is an object of the
study, which reveals the novel itself. The second contains the approach, which is
used to analyze the subject in this study. The last part discusses the method that is
used in the study.
A. Object of the Study
Jodi Picoult’s My Sister’s Keeper becomes the object of this study. Jodi
Picoult has become an international bestselling author because of her stunning
novels. Most of her novels are about a tragedy that happens in a family. This
study uses the novel which was published by Atria Books in 2004. It consists of
500 pages and each chapter is described using the first person point of view.
Anna Fitzgerald is the youngest child of Fitzgerald family. Anna’s presence
in the Fitzgerald’s family is intended to fulfill her parent’s willingness to save her
sister’s life. Her parents force Anna to donate her organ to Kate, her sister, who
has APL (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia).
Her presence in the Fitzgerald’s family has a specific and clear purpose. What
her parents want from her is to stop complaining about her sister. It means, she
should give anything which Kate needs to support Kate’s life. She has to be
willing to donate every part of her body to Kate, her sister. Her first time of
donating is the blood from baby’s umbilical cord.
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Anna’s parents think that after the umbilical cord blood donation, there will
not be another donation for the sake of Kate’s life. Their thoughts are wrong.
After the umbilical cord blood donation, Kate is having another complication of
her body. Anna has to face another surgery. Anna has to give her Leukocytes,
stem cell, and bone marrow. Often, Anna gets some bruises on her back because
of the harvesting of bone marrow.
Suddenly, Kate suffers from kidneys failure in the age of sixteen and need
someone to donate a kidney for her. The one and only, it must be Anna who has
the genetic match with Kate. Anna, once again, has to be willing to give part of
her body to support her sister’s life. At this time, Anna feels like she does not
have the right to own her own body. Finally, she hires an attorney to have a
medical emancipation. Her mother decided to become the attorney for her family.
She believes that soon, Anna will pull back her claim. Every time Anna is visited
by Campbell or Julia, Sara always says that this case will not stand for a long time
because Anna will take it back. However, Anna yet withstands her claim to the
court. In her thirteen years old, Anna has to stand against her mother in the court.
This decision leads Anna to face some intrapersonal conflicts which are difficult
to be solved.
B. Approach of the Study
Psychological approach is an approach that fit best to analyze the novel in
this study. This approach is used to analyze more about the intrapersonal conflicts
faced by Anna. Since intrapersonal conflict is one of the psychological aspects,
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psychological approach is used to analyze the intrapersonal conflicts and the
conflict resolutions are taken by her.
Psychological approach discusses on a person’s behavior. This approach is
almost similar with the psychology of a human being. As a result, this approach is
applied to get a better understanding in knowing the intrapersonal conflict faced
by Anna.
C. Method of the Study
The methodology used in this study is library research and it used books, ebooks, e-article, journals, and previous studies. The writer gathered the data from
books related to the object of the study and searched for some additional books to
help gathering additional data. The main source of this study is the novel My
Sister’s Keeper itself. First, the writer read and reread My Sister’s Keeper novel
and chose the topic to be analyzed. Since conflicts are significance in My Sister’s
Keeper novel, the writer decided to analyze the intrapersonal conflict within the
main’s character in the novel, Anna.
It took much time for the writer to
understand completely the intrapersonal conflict existed in the novel. After that,
the writer noted down some important points about the main character that may
support the study.
After reading the novel, the writer started to search for some sources in the
library that may help the writer to write the problem formulation and to define the
objectives of the study. After the problem formulation had been formed, the writer
started to search for some theories that were applicable to the study like the
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approaches, the theories that support the study, the definitions of each aspect, and
the other related elements. There were some supporting books containing
literature approaches used in the study, namely, the theory of character and
characterization, theory of intrapersonal conflict, theory of conflict resolution, and
other sources that may help the study.
After that, the writer gathered the analysis and arranged them into a mind
map to make the writer easier in gathering the data. The writer gathered the
essential data that the writer needed. The writer quoted some important sentences
or words from the novel related to the focus of this study.
Afterwards, the writer drew a conclusion based on the analysis discussed in
the study. The last one, the writer provided suggestion for future researchers and
English teachers.
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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
This chapter answers the questions stated in the problem formulation. This
chapter consists of two parts. The first part of this chapter discusses and reveals
the characteristics description of the main character, Anna Fitzgerald. The second
part discusses the intrapersonal conflicts faced by Anna and how she resolves her
conflicts.
A. The Description of Anna’s Characteristics
According to Henkel (1977) the major character has the complexity of the
characterization and becomes the focus of the attention (p. 87). Anna is the major
character since she has the complexity of the characterization and becomes the
focus of the attention of the people in the novel. Besides, Anna also plays
significance role in the novel since Anna influences many aspects of the other
characters life.
Abrams (1981) also stated that a character can be a stable character or a
changeable character. A character can also be a changeable character through
some development or as a result of some crisis (p. 20). In the novel, Anna is a
changeable character because she has experienced some medical treatments and
processes caused by her sister’s illness and her mother’s indirect force (Picoult,
pp. 62-63). Those experiences make Anna changes from obedient become
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rebellious to her mother. She decides to sue her parents to make the medical
treatments and processes over (Picoult, pp. 59-60).
My Sister’s Keeper written in first-person point of view which has seven
characters and each of them has their own portion to tell the story as the first
person in the novel. They are Anna, Kate, Jesse, Sara, Brian, Alexander
Campbell, and Julia. The main character to analyze in this study is Anna.
Anna was born as the youngest child in the Fitzgerald’s family. Her father,
Brian, is a fire fighter and he is the only backbone of the family. Her mother, Sara,
has quit from her job as a lawyer since Kate suffers APL (Acute Promyelocytic
Leukimia), a blood cancer. Kate is dying and the only reason Anna existed in the
world is to heal Kate’s illness. Anna also has one older brother who sometimes
helps her to solve her problem. In the other side, Jesse has a very annoying
attitude. He is an alcoholic and narcotic.
Anna was born to provide the life support for Kate. Since Anna was born,
she has to donate her body part (umbilical cord blood) to her sister. Before she
decides to sue her parent for the medical emancipation, she undergoes
intrapersonal conflicts. After the petition is sent to Sara, Sara becomes angry. Sara
persuades Anna to take back her petition and makes her trapped in the other
intrapersonal conflicts. Anna becomes confused in dealing with the situation that
her sister is dying but she still wants to fight for her rights to protect her own
body.
This part analyzes the portrayal of Anna given by the author in the novel.
The research which was conducted by Agnes Ratna Kusuma Dwi (2011) on the
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same items with this study has revealed six points of Anna’s character
descriptions. The first point, the writer analyzes Anna by the description of
Anna’s name. By referring to her father’s, Brian, description about her origin
name, the writer finds that Anna’s real name is taken from Andromeda.
Andromeda is taken from a history of Princess Andromeda which represents
Anna’s fate seen by her father’s point of view (p. 27).
The second one is her personal traits. In this study, Dwi (2011) finds six
significant personal traits. They are smart and well-developed, cheerful, mature
and independent, and tough. Anna is considered as a smart girl in her age because
of her way to deal with her problems. This is caused by her past experiences when
she faced some medical treatments that made her memorize every single word
about her operation (p. 28). The writer of the previous research finds that Anna is
a critical
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ANNA’S INTRAPERSONAL CONFLICTS
AS SEEN IN JODI PICOULT’S MY SISTER’S KEEPER
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Pauline Widyastuti
Student number: 081214042
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ART EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2013
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ANNA’S INTRAPERSONAL CONFLICTS
AS SEEN IN JODI PICOULT’S MY SISTER’S KEEPER
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Pauline Widyastuti
Student number: 081214042
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ART EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2013
i
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I DEDICATE THIS THESIS TO MY BELOVED FAMILY,
MY FATHER, MY MOTHER, AND MY LITTLE SISTER.
iv
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STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY
I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work
or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and the
references, as a scientific paper should.
Yogyakarta, 7 June 2013
The Writer
Pauline Widyastuti
081214042
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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN
PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Yang bertandatangan di bawah ini, saya, mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:
Nama
: Pauline Widyastuti
Nomor Mahasiswa
: 081214042
Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan
Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:
ANNA’S INTRAPERSONAL CONFLICTS
AS SEEN IN JODI PICOULT’S MY SISTER’S KEEPER
beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan
kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan,
mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan
data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau
media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya
maupun memberikan royalty kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya
sebagai penulis.
Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Dibuat di Yogyakarta
Pada tanggal: 7 Juni 2013
Yang menyatakan
Pauline Widyastuti
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ABSTRACT
Widyastuti, Pauline. 2013. Anna’s Intrapersonal Conflicts as seen in Jodi
Picoult’s My Sister’s Keeper. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study
Program, Departement of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers
Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University.
This study discusses Jodi Picoult’s novel entitled My Sister’s Keeper. The
novel tells about the life of Anna Fitzgerald as an allogeneic donor for Kate, her
sister, who suffers from Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL). In her thirteen
years old, she decides to sue her parents to get a medical emancipation. Anna has
some intrapersonal conflicts regarding the reason of her existence and her decision
to get medical emancipation.
The problems raised in this study are: 1) How are Anna Fitzgerald’s
characteristics described in the novel? 2) What are the intrapersonal conflicts
faced by Anna in the novel? 3) How does Anna solve her intrapersonal conflicts
in the novel? Hence, the aims of this study are to find out Anna’s characteristics
description, to find out her intrapersonal conflicts faced by Anna in the novel and
how she solves her conflicts in the novel.
This study applies library research. The novel becomes the primary source
for analysis. The books about literature and psychology become the secondary
sources. The other secondary source also comes from the internet which is related
to the analysis. The theory of characters and characterization is applied to analyze
Anna’s character. For analyzing the intrapersonal conflicts faced by Anna, the
theory of intrapersonal conflict is applied. Meanwhile, the theory of conflict
resolution is used to find out what kind of conflict resolution does Anna take to
solve her conflicts.
According to the result of the analysis, this study finds four additions of
Anna’s personal traits description, adding the previous study findings. They are
critical and thoughtful, caring and loving to her family. There are three
intrapersonal conflicts faced by Anna throughout the novel. The first, Anna deals
with a decision whether to agree or refuse a kidney donation for Kate which is
considered as a double approach-avoidance conflict and Anna chooses
compromising to solve her conflict. The second, Anna deals with confusion about
her existence and her role in the family which is categorized as an avoidanceavoidance conflict solved by accommodation. The last is a decision whether to
continue or withdraw the trial which is categorized as a double approachavoidance conflict solved by third party.
This study provides some suggestions for future researchers who analyze
the same novel, My Sister’s Keeper. This study also provides a suggestion for
English teachers. The lesson plan and material for teaching are provided in this
study.
Keywords: conflict,
emancipation
intrapersonal
conflict,
vii
conflict
resolution,
medical
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ABSTRAK
Widyastuti, Pauline. 2013. Anna’s Intrapersonal Conflicts as seen in Jodi
Picoult’s My Sister’s Keeper. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa
Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Skripsi ini membahas sebuah novel karya Jodi Picoult berjudul My Sister’s
Keeper. Novel ini bercerita tentang kehidupan Anna Fitzgerald sebagai seorang
donor alogenik untuk kakak perempuannya, Kate yang menderita APL. Diumur
ke-13 tahunnya, Anna memutuskan untuk menuntut orang tuanya untuk
kebebasan medis. Anna menghadapi beberapa konflik intrapersonal yang
disebabkan karena alasan keberadaannya dan keputusannya untuk mendapatkan
kebebasan medis.
Permasalahn yang diangkat dalam skripsi ini adalah: 1) Bagaimana
karakteristik dari Anna Fitzgrelad digambarkan di dalam novel? 2) Apa saja
konflik intrapersonal yang dihadapi oleh Anna dalam novel? 3) Bagaimana Anna
menyelesaikan konflik intrapersonalnya dalam novel? Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari
skripsi ini adalah menemukan deskripsi karakteristik dari Anna, menemukan
konflik intrapersonal yang dihadapi olehnya dan bagaimana dia memecahkan
konfliknya dalam novel.
Skripsi ini menggunakan penilitian pustaka. Novel menjadi sumber utama
dalam menganalisa. Buku-buku tentang literatur dan psikologi menjadi sumber
sekunder. Sumber-sumber sekunder juga berasal dari internet yang berhubungan
dengan analisa. Teori karakter dan karakterisasi digunakan untuk menganalisa
karakteristik dari Anna. Untuk menganalisa konflik intrapersonal yang Anna
hadapi, teori konflik intrapersonal menjadi pegangan. Sementara itu, teori resolusi
konflik digunakan untuk menemukan jenis resolusi konlik apa yang digunakan
Anna untuk menyelesaikan konfliknya.
Berdasarkan hasil analisa, skripsi ini menemukan empat deskripsi karakter
Anna sebagai tambahan dari skripsi sebelumnya. Antara lain kritis dan pemikir,
peduli dan penuh kasih terhadap keluarganya. Ada tiga konflik intrapersonal yang
dihadapi oleh Anna sepanjang novel. Pertama, Anna dihadapkan dengan
keputusan untuk menyetujui atau menolak donasi ginjal untuk Kate yang
merupakan double approach-avoidance conflict dan Anna memilih untuk
berkompromi untuk menyelesaikan konfliknya. Kedua, Anna dihadapkan dengan
kebingungan tentang eksistensi dan perannya dalam keluarga yang merupakan
avoidance-avoidance conflict dan diseleseaikan dengan akomodasi. Terakhir
adalah keputusan untuk melanjutkan atau membatalkan sidang yang merupakan
double approach-avoidance conflict yang diselesaikan dengan pihak ketiga.
Pada akhirnya, skripsi ini memberikan beberapa saran untuk penelitian
selanjutnya pada novel yang sama, My Sister’s Keeper. Skripsi ini juga
memberikan saran untuk para guru bahasa Inggris. RPP dan materi untuk
mengajar juga tersedia dalam skripsi ini.
Keywords: conflict, intrapersonal conflict, conflict resolution, medical
emancipation.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I have to admit that the completion of this thesis is because of others’
support and prayer. Therefore, now I express my greatest gratitude to all people
who have given their support, prayer, and motivation to me to finish this thesis.
First of all, I would like to express my greatest gratitude to my Savior and
Guardian, Jesus Christ, who always gives His blessing to me throughout my life.
He never feels tired to guide me to pass every single day without any obstacle. He
is always there when I need Him. Without Him, this thesis cannot be completed.
I also dedicate my special gratitude to my family in Magelang who have
given their faith, patience, and support to me. I thank my father, Bambang S. W.,
for his financial support during my study in college. I also thank my mother, C.
Subekti Tri H., for her advice, support, and prayer. I also thank her for
encouraging me to finish my thesis. I also thank her little sister, C. Wiendasari,
who also becomes my roommate.
I would like to thank my advisor, Henny Herawati, S.Pd., M.Hum., who
has given me her precious time to guide me to go through the completion of this
thesis. I thank her willingness to check, to read, and to give precious feedback for
me so that I can move on with this thesis. I also thank all PBI lecturers who have
taught me a lot of things and given me a lot of experiences. I also thank Adesti
Komalasari, S.Pd., M.A., for becoming my proofreader and supporting me.
I would also like to thank all of my classmates in PBI 2008. I thank them
for becoming my classmates and supporting each other. I also thank Sasa, Detta,
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Mila, Yuan, Adi, Gilang, Andrew, Yohana, Pita, Ratih, Prisca, Astri, Liza,
Andre, Damas, Pandu and the others that I cannot mention. I thank them for
their cooperation and warm friendship during the hard time in doing the tasks. I
also thank Angga for his kindness to become my proofreader. I thank Selvi for
her willingness to check and recheck my thesis’ grammar, language, and diction. I
also thank Tiyas Tiyus for her support and her advice for finishing this thesis. I
also thank Anggi for becoming my best friend since senior high school, for the
greatest time of togetherness, and for her willingness to be my colleague, group
mate, and co-worker during the study in PBI. I also would like to thank Sesa for
his willingness to become my proofreader and helping me to gather ideas for this
thesis. I also thank Leo for becoming my tough boy friend and giving me support,
suggestions, motivation for not giving up in finishing my thesis.
Lastly, I would like to thank all people that have supported me throughout
this college year whom I have not mentioned yet.
Pauline Widyastuti
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………
i
APPROVAL PAGES……………………………………………………
ii
DEDICATION PAGE…………………………………………………..
iv
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY…………………………
v
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI…………………………
vi
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………….
vii
ABSTRAK………………………………………………………………… viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………..
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………...
xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1
A. Background of the Study………………………………………… 1
B. Problem Formulation…………………………………………….. 3
C. Objectives of the Study…………………………………………..
4
D. Benefits of the Study……………………………………………..
4
E. Definition of Terms………………………………………………. 5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Review of Related Studies……………………………………….
7
7
B. Review of Related Theories……………………………………… 8
1. Psychological Approach……………………………………... 8
2. Theory of Character………………………………………….. 9
3. Theory of Characterization…………………………………… 10
4. Theory of Intrapersonal Conflict……………………………... 12
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5. Theory of Conflict Resolution……………………………….. 13
C. Theoretical Framework…………………………………………... 16
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
17
A. Object of the Study………………………………………………. 17
B. Approach of the Study…………………………………………… 18
C. Method of the Study……………………………………………...
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS
19
21
A. The Description of Anna’s Character…………………………….. 21
1. Critical and Thoughtful……………………………………….
24
2. Caring and Loving to Her
Family…………………………………………………………
26
B. Intrapersonal Conflicts Faced by Anna…………………………... 29
1. Agreeing or Refusing Kidney Donation for Her Sister……….
29
2. Doubting Her Existence and Her Role in the Family…………
35
3. Deciding to Continue or Withdraw the Trial………………….
40
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
45
A. Conclusions……………………………………………………….. 45
B. Suggestions……………………………………………………….. 47
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………..
50
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………….. 52
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter consists of five sections. The first section is the background of
the study which explains the reason why the writer chooses My Sister’s Keeper
novel. The second is the problem formulation which gives the general information
about what is discussed in this study. The third is the objectives of the study
which answers the problem formulations stated in this study. The fourth is the
benefits of the study, and the last one is the definition of terms used in this study.
A. Background of the Study
Family is an important aspect in most people’s life since it becomes the
place where most people look for a comfortable place to release the tension after
having a lot of activities. For people, family is considered as Home Sweet Home
because it becomes the place where they can share their burdens, tell their bad
experience, and express all their emotions. The older family members should
provide protection and security to the younger ones. In this case, children should
be protected and secured in the family (“Function of Family”, 2012).
Child is one of the members of the family. Every family dreams to have
child in the family. With the technology existing in this era, a couple’s problem of
not being able to have a baby can be solved. A “designer baby” has existed in the
developed country. A “designer baby” is creating a baby with a perfect
characteristic as wanted. This technology reduces the risk of having a disabled
child or the one with certain illness (Steere, 2008).
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This technology development has occurred a long time ago but it is still
having a lot of controversial arguments. Some of them may forbid or ban human
cloning like it is done by designer baby but some may need that for medical
purposes. If a designer baby born to be the child of the family, it will not become
a big deal to explain the fact to the child. The parents will not have some
problems to take care and give the attention to the child. It will be different if a
family is having a designer baby for medical purposes. The questions are how will
the parents tell their child? How will the parents treat their child? Do they treat the
designer child like the other child?
If the parents who are having the designer children for medical purposes
(saving other children) cannot maintain their attention to be equal for all children
they have, they will make the designer children having some conflicts about
questioning her real identity and role in the family (Darnovsky, 2000).
In Jodi Picoult’s My Sister’s Keeper, the reader is served with a complicated
situation where family becomes a burden for someone. Family becomes
something, which makes someone afraid of entering the house and avoiding to
notice. This novel serves various conflicts within one family where it was started
when the mother faces a situation where she has to sustain her first daughter’s life
because of illness. This situation makes this family decides to have another child
to keep her first daughter alive.
The Fitzgerald’s family shows all the conflicts among each other such as
Kate’s Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia since the age of two that makes her
become the center of the mother’s attention. Her mother, Sara Fitzgerald, becomes
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afraid of losing Kate. She and her husband decide to have another baby through a
technology of mixing the chromosome to get the perfect match of DNA. Anna
was born and she donates some parts of her body such as umbilical cord blood,
bone marrow, and her kidney to support her sister’s life. As the time goes by,
Anna is getting tired of donating parts of her body. She starts doubting her
existence and role in the family as a child. She is questioning herself about her
existence inside the Fitzgerald family. This situation makes Anna confused and
makes her facing some intrapersonal conflicts.
This study discusses the intrapersonal conflicts faced by Anna in the
Fitzgerald’s family. This study discusses what happened inside Anna’s thought
until she decides to prosecute her parents to stop the donation of her own body to
her sister. In order to analyze the intrapersonal conflict, this study discusses the
characteristics of Anna Fitzgerald portrayed in the novel. This study also
discusses kinds of conflict resolution chosen by Anna to solve her conflicts.
B. Problem Formulation
By having the background of the study, there are some problems
formulated. The problems are:
1.
How are Anna Fitzgerald’s characteristics described in the novel?
2.
What are the intrapersonal conflicts faced by Anna in the novel?
3.
How does Anna solve her intrapersonal conflicts showed in the novel?
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C. Objectives of the Study
The first objective of the study is to find out the characteristics description
of Anna Fitzgerald in the novel. This description about Anna helps to analyze how
Anna faces her intrapersonal conflicts as it is showed in the novel. It also gives the
general information on why she has those intrapersonal conflicts. After finding
out her intrapersonal conflicts, the next objective is to analyze the way Anna
solves her intrapersonal conflicts.
D. Benefits of the Study
This study is conducted to give a picture to the readers of the conflicts faced
by Anna as the child of the Fitzgerald’s family and the situation existed in the
Fitzgerald’s family. This predicaments inside the Fitzgerald’s family caused Anna
to experience intrapersonal conflicts. This study is also conducted to inform the
reader how Anna is portrayed in the novel and what interpretation that the writer
has about Anna.
The first benefit is intended for the writer and the readers. The writer finds
that by conducting this study, the writer sharpened an analytical thinking to reveal
literary works. The writer also find some moral values such as how to be a good
mother or daughter, children rights, and how to fight for the rights which are
violated. The writer also finds that relationship among family members is
important in a family.
The second benefit is intended to the future researchers who will conduct a
study in the same novel. This study helps them to be reference or guidance to
analyze the novel. This study also helps them to find some theories or topics
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related to the novel. Besides, this study helps them to enrich their view to analyze
the same novel.
The third benefit is intended to Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris students of
Sanata Dharma University, this study can be their guide to conduct a literature
study. This study is expected to give the PBI students on how to interpret literary
works especially novels and guide them how to analyze the different novel in the
same topic or how to analyze the same novel in a different point of view. Beside,
this study also gives them references how to implement a literary works into a
teaching-learning materials.
E. Definition of Term
1. Character
Abrams (1981) says a character is a portrayal of a person in the novel which
is interpreted by the reader through seeing their moral expressed in their dialogues
or in their actions (p. 20). In this study the character is Anna Fitzgerald as the
main character in the novel. In this study, Anna Fitzgerald is a portrayal of a
person in the novel.
2. Conflict
Isenhart and Spangle (2000) state that conflict can involve two different
choices or struggle for power. Defining conflict can be a difficult task because it
comes for several factors come in the same time and we may not be sure enough
about the main problem we faced. (p. 2)
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According to Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, conflict is a
situation when two people or more fight or oppose each other about different
arguments, principles, ideas, or beliefs. There are two types of conflict:
a. Interpersonal Conflict
According to Worchel and Cooper (1979), interpersonal conflict is a
conflict or disagreement which involves two or more people. (pp. 462-463).
b. Intrapersonal Conflict
Worchel and Cooper (1979) says that intrapersonal conflict is a situation
when an individual having two or more difficult choices and he or she has to
decided one of them. The choices have some positive and negative qualities inside
(p. 460). In this study, the intrapersonal conflict is the main topic to discuss and
analyze. In this study, Anna has two or more difficult choices within herself and
she has to choose one of them.
3. Medical Emancipation
According to uslegal.com the definition of emancipation is freeing a
minor from parents controlling and making a minor able to live with her or his
own. It is possible to make a minor sends a court petition to get the freedom from
controlling by parents or the other adults.
According to Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary the definition of
medical is related to the treatment of illness and injuries. Medical emancipation is
a legal term for getting a freedom related to surgery or medical treatment. In this
novel, medical emancipation is the term which is used by Anna to get her freedom
from any controlling medical treatments done by her parents.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
There are three sections in this chapter. The first is a review of related
studies, the second is a review of related theories, the third is a review on
psychological background, and the last is theoretical framework. Some theories
related to this study are psychological approach, theory of character, theory of
characterization, theory of intrapersonal conflict, and the last is theory of conflict
resolution.
A. Review of Related Studies
There are two previous studies which have been conducted using this novel.
The first one is titled The Meaning of a Mother’s Love to Her Dying Daughter as
Seen in Jodi Picoult’s My Sister’s Keeper. This study was conducted by one of
the seniors in English Language Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma
University, Bekti Kristiani. This study focuses on the meaning of Sara’s love to
her dying daughter, Kate.
In her study, Kristiani (2010) stated that, for Sara, love means sacrifice. Sara
sacrifices her time to be spent for looking after Kate; Sara is willing to replace
Kate’s pain; Sara sacrifices her feeling. Love for Kate also means care and
responsibility, struggle, and support (pp. 56-72).
Another study focuses on Anna’s motivation to stop her organ donation for
her sister. This study was also conducted by one of the seniors in English
Language Education Study Program in Sanata Dharma University, Agnes Ratna
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Kusuma Dwi. This study focuses on Anna’s motivations which encourage her to
stop the organ donation for her sister. Before analyzing Anna’s motivation, this
study first reveals the characteristics of Anna Fitzgerald portrayed in the novel.
This portrayal of Anna helps the writer to know why Anna has that kind of
motivation.
This previous researcher reveals Anna’s intrinsic motivations to stop her
organ donation and to struggle for her freedom to live like a normal girl should
live. Another motivation is an extrinsic motivation, which is to help her sister end
her misery (pp. 36-48).
B. Review of Related Theories
1.
Psychological Approach
Psychological approach is the approach that is used to analyze this study.
According to Rohrberger and Woods, Jr. there are five approaches that can be
used to analyze the novel (1971), they are: the formalist approach, the
biographical approach, the sociocultural-historical approach, the mythopoeic
approach, and the psychological approach. This psychological approach uses the
theory of psychology to know human motivation and human behavior that may
affect someone’s personality written in the literary work (pp. 6-15).
Furthermore, psychological approach reveals the unconscious aspects of
human being in giving a reaction for some actions. The reaction taken by a
character gives hints to the writer to reveal the description about the main
character in the novel. Rohrberger & Woods, Jr. (1976) also say that analyzing the
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pattern of reaction he/she is taken will lead to an interpretation to a real
experience of the reader (p. 14).
2.
Theory of Character
In order to find out and reveal the characteristics description of Anna
Fitzgerald portrayed in the novel, the writer also uses the theory of character and
characterization. According to Abrams (1981), characters are the figure of a
person or people presented in the novel or other dramatic and narrative work and
imagined by the reader through their dialogue in the novel or their actions in the
novel (p. 20). A character can be a stable character, which brings the reader an
interpretation that he or she does not undergo changes through the story. On the
other hand, a character can also be a changeable character which makes the reader
interprets that he or she has gone through several changes under certain
circumstances in the story. Whether it is stable or changeable character, realistic
works need consistency which means the character should not suddenly act
unconvincingly because the readers have already known it (p. 20).
Based on Forster’s Aspects of the Novel (1974) there are two types of
characters, they are flat and round characters. A flat character is a character
presented in the novel without having a complicated description in some
dialogues or sentences and it will be clearly described in one sentence or dialogue.
In addition, a round character is a character that has a very complex and
complicated description in some sentences or dialogues. A round character is
usually capable surprising in a convincing way (pp. 46-48).
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3.
Theory of Characterization
Abrams (1981) says that a characterization is the process to make the
character by the author. Characterization is about how the author describes the
character through a dialog. From the dialog, the author makes the character talk,
act and let the readers think what motivation lies behind the character’s action (pp.
20-21).
Based on Murphy (1972) in Understanding Unseens: An Introduction to
English Poetry and the English Novel for Overseas Students, understanding the
characters and the personalities of a person in a novel is obtained from
interpreting how the writer portrays the character in the novel. He also stated
some ways that some authors tried to make his character understandable and real
to his reader (pp. 161-173). Here are some ways which Murphy proposes to
understand and analyze the characters and personalities in the novel:
a. Personal Description
The author can describe the character by describing the appearances and
clothes. In the personal description, the author describes character through
appearances such as his build, his face, his hair, or his arms.
b. Character as Seen by Another
The author sometimes does not describe the character directly but he
describes him through the other characters’ point of view. The author gives the
description about the character through the other character’s eyes or point of view
and opinions.
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c. Speech
The author can also give a picture to the reader of one character through his
speaking. The character will be identified by his words or phrases when he is
talking to other characters in the novel.
d. Past Life
The author gives the reader a chance to learn a person’s past life. By
knowing the person’s past life, the author gives a clue about some events
happened which built his character. The person’s past life can be seen through his
conversation or through another person’s conversation and direct comment from
the author.
e. Conversation of Others
The author also gives a clue about a character’s description through other
people’s conversation about him or her. By seeing what other characters say about
him or her, the readers will know his or her characteristics.
f. Reactions
The reaction of a person to certain situations and events are also the clue
given by the author to the reader. How a person reacts to something or some
problems will define what kind of characteristics he has.
g. Direct Comment
The author gives a direct descriptions and comments about the character in
the novel. Commonly, it is clearly stated in some paragraphs and the readers do
not have to analyze carefully about the character’s characteristics.
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h. Thought
The author gives direct clues about the character through what he is
thinking. In the novel, we are able to know what a person thinks about something.
By knowing what is going on in his mind we can analyze and know what his
characteristics are.
i. Mannerism
The author sometimes describes the character’s characteristics by a
person’s mannerism, habits, or idiosyncrasies written. Those will be the clue for
the reader to analyze the character’s characteristics.
4. Theory of Intrapersonal Conflict
According to Lewin, (1935) as cited in Worchel & Cooper (1979) the way
to categorize the types of intrapersonal conflict, we can identify the responses
which the character mostly give. “Those motivating the individual to approach
the goal and those driving him to avoid it.” (p. 461)
Based on those two motives, she defines four types of intrapersonal conflict
as it is explained below:
1) Approach-Approach Conflict
This conflict or situation occurred when an individual faced two positive
goals but he can only choose one of them. For example, a donkey which starved
to death and offered by two equally attractive bales of hay and find it difficult to
choose. This type of conflict is easy to resolve. Theory of conflict says that the
one that is closer to the goal is the one that should be taken.
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2) Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict
This type of conflict occurred when an individual faced by two unattractive
goals. The best way to resolve is to escape from the situation faced. If the escape
is impossible to do, this conflict will be difficult to be resolved. For example,
hostages are offered by the inmates to die by a knife or by being clubbed. In this
situation the hostages faces avoidance-avoidance conflict.
3) Approach-Avoidance Conflict
This conflict includes only one goal, which has both attractive and
unattractive qualities associated with it. The individual’s desire to both obtain the
goal and escape from it traps him in a conflict. For example, a person who is in
his diet and restricts himself with his favorite food, is offered by his favorite meal
in front of him. This situation makes him trapped in a confusion.
4) Double Approach-Avoidance
This type of conflict makes an individual has to choose between two goals.
Each of them has positive and negative aspects. “The more attractive the goal, the
greater the conflict.” (p. 461). For example, the goal of a person who is thirsty is
to drink some water. Therefore, he is offered by two types of water to drink. The
first one is a pond of salt water and the other one is a pond of fresh water
surrounded by rattlesnakes.
5. Theory of Conflict Resolution
Isenhart and Spangle (2000) says that a conflict makes someone lose a lot of
things (p. 13). A person may lose sleep, lose motivation, and lose relationship.
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Because of the destruction made by a conflict or some conflicts, Isenhart and
Spangle (2000) give five common ways to approach a conflict (pp. 26-27). The
first way is avoiding. It means, a person approaches a conflict by retreating or
escaping. The person will avoid any discussions related to the conflict she/he has.
He or she tends to see his or her conflicts not as a conflict. The second way is
accommodation. The person sacrifices his or her interest for others’ interest. The
third is compromising, meaning that, each of the conflicting parties has to
sacrifice some of their interests through a discussion to achieve an agreement. The
fourth is competitive. This type of style has some characteristic, they are:
aggressive, self-focused, forcing, verbally assertive, and uncooperative behavior
which are done by a person to achieve his/her interest. The last is collaborative
where both conflicting parties involve in an emphatic-communication which
means both parties will be listened.
Isenhart and Spangle (2000) also stated some other ways to approach
conflicts which involves the third party, they are negotiation, mediation,
facilitation, arbitration, and judicial processes (pp. 45-152).
Negotiation is the very first approach to resolve conflict. Negotiation is the
way to resolve the problem through a discussion and sharing in a peaceful way to
avoid another conflict occurred. There are two kinds of negotiation, namely an
integrative negotiation and a distributive negotiation. An integrative negotiation is
a constructive problem-solving negotiation. Both parties involved in negotiation
exchange information. They share their problem in a respectful and cooperative
way. The goal of this negotiation is to get both parties maximize their interests
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and protect their relationship. This negotiation approaches conflict as a joint
venture. It solves the conflict by having a win-win solution: understanding both
parties without being fallen down. Distributive negotiation or can be called as a
bargaining approach. This negotiation approaches conflict with a different mindset of a conflict resolution. It sees a conflict by using a narrow perspective
because it seeks advantages and goals to resolve the conflict. The relationship and
interests is not considered as an important aspect in resolving the conflict and
solves the conflict by win-lose solution
The second approach is mediation. This conflict resolution occurs when
negotiation does not work well in resolving the conflict and they get third party to
help them resolve their conflict. This third party should be neutral and they do not
have any rights to give arguments, decisions, outcomes, or interferences in the
discussion. The third party is called as mediator who responsible to listen to both
dispute parties and give some information which may lead to an agreement to
both dispute parties.
The third approach is facilitation. This approach applies when the complex
conflict occurred in a bigger or larger group. This approach also needs the third
party as a facilitator who facilitates a collaborative discussion.
The fourth approach is arbitration. This conflict resolution applies when
negotiation and mediation do not come out with a good solution. This conflict
resolution needs third party as an arbitrator. An arbitrator is chosen by the quarrel
party to make a decision for them. Arbitration is an informal problem solving. The
rules and norms depend on the parties’ agreement.
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The fifth approach is a judicial process. It is the combination of legal and
non legal procedures. In this conflict resolution the third party is a court. This last
approach becomes the last choices when the fourth approaches do not work well
in a conflict resolution.
C. Theoretical Framework
Some theories are applied to analyze My Sister’s Keeper novel. They are
theory of psychological approach, theory of character, theory of characterization,
theory of intrapersonal conflict, and theory of conflict resolution.
The first problem is analyzed using the theory of character and
characterization and also referring to the review of related studies. Analyzing the
characteristics description of Anna Fitzgerald in the novel help the writer to find
out how she deals with the conflicts she has. The characteristics of Anna can be
identified by analyzing her personal description, her dialog and interaction with
other people, her action and reaction, her responses, her thoughts, and her
attitudes.
Theory of intrapersonal conflict is applied to find out the type of
intrapersonal conflicts faced by Anna. It helps the writer to differentiate the four
types of intrapersonal conflicts and select the intrapersonal conflict faced by
Anna.
After finding out Anna’s intrapersonal conflicts, theory of conflict
resolution is used to analyze what kind of resolution she takes during her difficult
time.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
There are three sections in this chapter. The first one is an object of the
study, which reveals the novel itself. The second contains the approach, which is
used to analyze the subject in this study. The last part discusses the method that is
used in the study.
A. Object of the Study
Jodi Picoult’s My Sister’s Keeper becomes the object of this study. Jodi
Picoult has become an international bestselling author because of her stunning
novels. Most of her novels are about a tragedy that happens in a family. This
study uses the novel which was published by Atria Books in 2004. It consists of
500 pages and each chapter is described using the first person point of view.
Anna Fitzgerald is the youngest child of Fitzgerald family. Anna’s presence
in the Fitzgerald’s family is intended to fulfill her parent’s willingness to save her
sister’s life. Her parents force Anna to donate her organ to Kate, her sister, who
has APL (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia).
Her presence in the Fitzgerald’s family has a specific and clear purpose. What
her parents want from her is to stop complaining about her sister. It means, she
should give anything which Kate needs to support Kate’s life. She has to be
willing to donate every part of her body to Kate, her sister. Her first time of
donating is the blood from baby’s umbilical cord.
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Anna’s parents think that after the umbilical cord blood donation, there will
not be another donation for the sake of Kate’s life. Their thoughts are wrong.
After the umbilical cord blood donation, Kate is having another complication of
her body. Anna has to face another surgery. Anna has to give her Leukocytes,
stem cell, and bone marrow. Often, Anna gets some bruises on her back because
of the harvesting of bone marrow.
Suddenly, Kate suffers from kidneys failure in the age of sixteen and need
someone to donate a kidney for her. The one and only, it must be Anna who has
the genetic match with Kate. Anna, once again, has to be willing to give part of
her body to support her sister’s life. At this time, Anna feels like she does not
have the right to own her own body. Finally, she hires an attorney to have a
medical emancipation. Her mother decided to become the attorney for her family.
She believes that soon, Anna will pull back her claim. Every time Anna is visited
by Campbell or Julia, Sara always says that this case will not stand for a long time
because Anna will take it back. However, Anna yet withstands her claim to the
court. In her thirteen years old, Anna has to stand against her mother in the court.
This decision leads Anna to face some intrapersonal conflicts which are difficult
to be solved.
B. Approach of the Study
Psychological approach is an approach that fit best to analyze the novel in
this study. This approach is used to analyze more about the intrapersonal conflicts
faced by Anna. Since intrapersonal conflict is one of the psychological aspects,
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psychological approach is used to analyze the intrapersonal conflicts and the
conflict resolutions are taken by her.
Psychological approach discusses on a person’s behavior. This approach is
almost similar with the psychology of a human being. As a result, this approach is
applied to get a better understanding in knowing the intrapersonal conflict faced
by Anna.
C. Method of the Study
The methodology used in this study is library research and it used books, ebooks, e-article, journals, and previous studies. The writer gathered the data from
books related to the object of the study and searched for some additional books to
help gathering additional data. The main source of this study is the novel My
Sister’s Keeper itself. First, the writer read and reread My Sister’s Keeper novel
and chose the topic to be analyzed. Since conflicts are significance in My Sister’s
Keeper novel, the writer decided to analyze the intrapersonal conflict within the
main’s character in the novel, Anna.
It took much time for the writer to
understand completely the intrapersonal conflict existed in the novel. After that,
the writer noted down some important points about the main character that may
support the study.
After reading the novel, the writer started to search for some sources in the
library that may help the writer to write the problem formulation and to define the
objectives of the study. After the problem formulation had been formed, the writer
started to search for some theories that were applicable to the study like the
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approaches, the theories that support the study, the definitions of each aspect, and
the other related elements. There were some supporting books containing
literature approaches used in the study, namely, the theory of character and
characterization, theory of intrapersonal conflict, theory of conflict resolution, and
other sources that may help the study.
After that, the writer gathered the analysis and arranged them into a mind
map to make the writer easier in gathering the data. The writer gathered the
essential data that the writer needed. The writer quoted some important sentences
or words from the novel related to the focus of this study.
Afterwards, the writer drew a conclusion based on the analysis discussed in
the study. The last one, the writer provided suggestion for future researchers and
English teachers.
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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
This chapter answers the questions stated in the problem formulation. This
chapter consists of two parts. The first part of this chapter discusses and reveals
the characteristics description of the main character, Anna Fitzgerald. The second
part discusses the intrapersonal conflicts faced by Anna and how she resolves her
conflicts.
A. The Description of Anna’s Characteristics
According to Henkel (1977) the major character has the complexity of the
characterization and becomes the focus of the attention (p. 87). Anna is the major
character since she has the complexity of the characterization and becomes the
focus of the attention of the people in the novel. Besides, Anna also plays
significance role in the novel since Anna influences many aspects of the other
characters life.
Abrams (1981) also stated that a character can be a stable character or a
changeable character. A character can also be a changeable character through
some development or as a result of some crisis (p. 20). In the novel, Anna is a
changeable character because she has experienced some medical treatments and
processes caused by her sister’s illness and her mother’s indirect force (Picoult,
pp. 62-63). Those experiences make Anna changes from obedient become
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rebellious to her mother. She decides to sue her parents to make the medical
treatments and processes over (Picoult, pp. 59-60).
My Sister’s Keeper written in first-person point of view which has seven
characters and each of them has their own portion to tell the story as the first
person in the novel. They are Anna, Kate, Jesse, Sara, Brian, Alexander
Campbell, and Julia. The main character to analyze in this study is Anna.
Anna was born as the youngest child in the Fitzgerald’s family. Her father,
Brian, is a fire fighter and he is the only backbone of the family. Her mother, Sara,
has quit from her job as a lawyer since Kate suffers APL (Acute Promyelocytic
Leukimia), a blood cancer. Kate is dying and the only reason Anna existed in the
world is to heal Kate’s illness. Anna also has one older brother who sometimes
helps her to solve her problem. In the other side, Jesse has a very annoying
attitude. He is an alcoholic and narcotic.
Anna was born to provide the life support for Kate. Since Anna was born,
she has to donate her body part (umbilical cord blood) to her sister. Before she
decides to sue her parent for the medical emancipation, she undergoes
intrapersonal conflicts. After the petition is sent to Sara, Sara becomes angry. Sara
persuades Anna to take back her petition and makes her trapped in the other
intrapersonal conflicts. Anna becomes confused in dealing with the situation that
her sister is dying but she still wants to fight for her rights to protect her own
body.
This part analyzes the portrayal of Anna given by the author in the novel.
The research which was conducted by Agnes Ratna Kusuma Dwi (2011) on the
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same items with this study has revealed six points of Anna’s character
descriptions. The first point, the writer analyzes Anna by the description of
Anna’s name. By referring to her father’s, Brian, description about her origin
name, the writer finds that Anna’s real name is taken from Andromeda.
Andromeda is taken from a history of Princess Andromeda which represents
Anna’s fate seen by her father’s point of view (p. 27).
The second one is her personal traits. In this study, Dwi (2011) finds six
significant personal traits. They are smart and well-developed, cheerful, mature
and independent, and tough. Anna is considered as a smart girl in her age because
of her way to deal with her problems. This is caused by her past experiences when
she faced some medical treatments that made her memorize every single word
about her operation (p. 28). The writer of the previous research finds that Anna is
a critical