ERRORS IN SPEAKING ENGLISH MADE BY STUDENTSOFENGLISH DEPARTMENT Errors In Speaking English Made By Students Ofenglish Department Of Muhammadiyah University Of Surakarta.
ERRORS IN SPEAKING ENGLISH MADE BY STUDENTS
OFENGLISH DEPARTMENT
OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
HAWA FADHILA
A. 320090092
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF CARACARA
2013
i
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
“Meninggalkanataumerelakansesuatu
baikitubukanpengorbanan,
tapi
yang
burukmenuju
golden
good
yang
bye.
Pengorbananadalahmeninggalkansesuatu yang baikuntukhal yang
lebihbaik.”
(Mario Teguh)
Bermimpiadalahhal yang biasa,
akantetapiberjuanguntukmeraihmimpiadalahhal yang luarbiasa
(Drs. Suharjianto, M.Ag)
v
DEDICATION
I dedicated this research to:
Abah and ibu ( Suharj ianto and N asiatulI mamah)
T hey give me support, motivation, sacrif ice, advice, pray and
everything I need. T hey are my everything.
M y brothers ( FarisSholahuddinzakiy and FahmiAqil
Abdullah)
M y beloved brothers, they are not only my brothers, but more
than my brothers.
M y relatives ( Uncles and Aunts)
I cannot mention one by one all of you. T he importance is you
all my beloved.
M y close friend ( Adelia)
She is my close friend from senior high school. We are always
together from the beginning of entering this university to today.
I t is so many unforgettable moments with her.
M y Captain ( M uhH aryoPamungkas)
H e gives new things in my life.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu alaikumWr. Wb.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. There is no other word can researcher says
to express their happiness can finish this research. The researcher is grateful to
Allah SWT for the healthy, smooth running of finishing this research, and ease to
do this research.
The researcher gets many helps from the other. The researcher cannot
finish this research alone. The researcher not only get help, but she also gets
support, pray, and motivation from the other. In this challenge, the researcher
wants to say thank. Without them, the researcher will not finish her research. The
big hug wants to give to the following people.
1. Dra. N. Setyaningsih, M. Sias the dean of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty.
2. Titissetya Budi, S. Si, M. Hum as a head of English Department
3. Prof. Dr. EndangFauziati, M. Hum as the first consultant for her help,
her guidance, and her patient to encourage the researcher finish this
research.
4. Dra. DwiHaryanti, M. Hum as the second consultant for her support, her
guidance, her time and her pray.
5. All lectures who share the knowledge during the process of the study.
6.Abah and Ibu as researcher’s parents. They give everything that researcher
need. Thanks for the sacrifice, support, motivation, pray and advice. There
is no color without their existence.
7. Faris and Fahmi as researcher’s brothers for their cheer up, spirit, and
pray.
8. Farikha, Intan, Adelia, Zuhri, Ika, Ida, Aziz,Dianaand all of friends
who give information, help, support, and advice. There will not be fun
without you guys.
vii
9. d’cezky (Mami, Phego, MisRi, Jenk Dee, Titi, Rete, Dhani, and Tee),
give me unforgettable moment during study in UMS, motivation, and
friendship.
10. Zakiyah as an aunt’s researcher for her time to help researcher finish this
research.
11. Captain, for his existence, gives the researcher new dream, new way, and
big spirit to finish this research.
The researcher also says thanks for everyone who give help and support
and the researcher cannot mention all one by one in this statement.
The researcher is aware that this research has weaknesses. The researcher
with pleasure open her ear to hear the suggestion and critical about this research.
The suggestion and critical give benefit to make the research be better.
The researcher hopes this research will useful and gives contribution to
the readers, especially for the researcher.
Wassalamu’alaikumWr. Wb
Surakarta, July 2013
The Researcher
viii
SUMMARY
Hawa Fadhila. A320 090 092. ERRORS IN SPEAKING ENGLISH MADE
BY STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
Reseacrh Paper 2013
The researcher writes this research to describe the type of errors in
speaking English of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta, describe the frequency and the dominant, and explain the sources of
error.
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The researcher
collects micro teaching video from her friends. The researcher makes the
transcript of the video as the source of the data. The researcher uses
documentation method to select the data. There are 212 data containing of errors.
The researcher uses Clark and Clark theory and Dulay, Burt, and Krashen
theory to analyze the errors. The researcher divides the errors into three
classifications. They are speech error, lexical error, and grammatical error. In
speech errors are repetition (27,4%), unretraced (4,3%), retraced (6,6%), filled
pause (20,3%), silent pause (9,9%), stutters (1,9%), correction (0,9%), and slip of
the tongue (0,5% ). Lexical error is wrong choice of word (0,9%). Grammatical
errors are omission of auxiliary in question (6,1%), omission of “to be” (2,4%),
addition of “to be”/ verb (7,6%), omission of “do” in negative sentence (0,5%),
addition of “do” in question (1,9%), addition of preposition (2,8%), misordering
(0,9%), the use of V-O instead of V-ing (0,5%), addition of “to” after auxilary
(1,4%), and wrong choice of verb (3,3%). The sources of speech error are
cognitive and psychological reason. The sources of lexical and grammatical error
are interlingual and intralingual transfer.
Keyword: errors, speaking English
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER .............................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE................................................................................................ iii
TESTYMONY ................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................. v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................. vii
SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................... x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study .......................................................... 1
B. Limitation of the Study ............................................................. 4
C. Problem Statement ................................................................... 4
D. Objective of the Study .............................................................. 5
E. Benefit of the Study .................................................................. 5
F. Paper Organization .................................................................. 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Previous Study ......................................................................... 7
1. Inayah’sWork .............................................................................7
2. Purnawati’s Work ............................................................... 8
3. Saputri’s Work .................................................................... 9
4. Rahmawati’s Work ........................................................... 10
5. Research Position .............................................................. 11
B. Theoritical Review ................................................................. 12
1. Speech Production .......................................................... 12
2. Component of Speaking .................................................. 14
3. Speech Error .................................................................... 15
4. Source of Error ............................................................... 18
5. Error Analysis Procedure ................................................ 19
x
a. Identification of Error .............................................. 19
b. Description of Error ................................................. 20
c. Explanation of Error ................................................. 21
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research ................................................................... 23
B. Subject and Object of Research .............................................. 23
C. Data and Data Source ............................................................ 23
D. Method of Collecting Data ..................................................... 24
E. Method of Analyzing Data ..................................................... 24
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Finding ................................................................... 26
1. Type of Errors .................................................................... 26
a. Speech Error ................................................................. 26
b. Lexical Error ................................................................ 35
c. Grammatical Error ........................................................ 36
2. Frequency and Dominant of Error ..................................... 46
3. The Source of Error ........................................................... 49
B. Discussion of Findings............................................................ 52
CHAPTER V CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ............................................................................. 56
B. Pedagogical Implication ......................................................... 58
C. Suggestion ............................................................................. 60
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 62
VIRTUAL REFERENCES .............................................................................. 64
APPENDIX ...................................................................................................... 65
a. List of Data ........................................................................................... 65
b. Classification Data ................................................................................ 73
xi
OFENGLISH DEPARTMENT
OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
HAWA FADHILA
A. 320090092
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF CARACARA
2013
i
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
“Meninggalkanataumerelakansesuatu
baikitubukanpengorbanan,
tapi
yang
burukmenuju
golden
good
yang
bye.
Pengorbananadalahmeninggalkansesuatu yang baikuntukhal yang
lebihbaik.”
(Mario Teguh)
Bermimpiadalahhal yang biasa,
akantetapiberjuanguntukmeraihmimpiadalahhal yang luarbiasa
(Drs. Suharjianto, M.Ag)
v
DEDICATION
I dedicated this research to:
Abah and ibu ( Suharj ianto and N asiatulI mamah)
T hey give me support, motivation, sacrif ice, advice, pray and
everything I need. T hey are my everything.
M y brothers ( FarisSholahuddinzakiy and FahmiAqil
Abdullah)
M y beloved brothers, they are not only my brothers, but more
than my brothers.
M y relatives ( Uncles and Aunts)
I cannot mention one by one all of you. T he importance is you
all my beloved.
M y close friend ( Adelia)
She is my close friend from senior high school. We are always
together from the beginning of entering this university to today.
I t is so many unforgettable moments with her.
M y Captain ( M uhH aryoPamungkas)
H e gives new things in my life.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu alaikumWr. Wb.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. There is no other word can researcher says
to express their happiness can finish this research. The researcher is grateful to
Allah SWT for the healthy, smooth running of finishing this research, and ease to
do this research.
The researcher gets many helps from the other. The researcher cannot
finish this research alone. The researcher not only get help, but she also gets
support, pray, and motivation from the other. In this challenge, the researcher
wants to say thank. Without them, the researcher will not finish her research. The
big hug wants to give to the following people.
1. Dra. N. Setyaningsih, M. Sias the dean of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty.
2. Titissetya Budi, S. Si, M. Hum as a head of English Department
3. Prof. Dr. EndangFauziati, M. Hum as the first consultant for her help,
her guidance, and her patient to encourage the researcher finish this
research.
4. Dra. DwiHaryanti, M. Hum as the second consultant for her support, her
guidance, her time and her pray.
5. All lectures who share the knowledge during the process of the study.
6.Abah and Ibu as researcher’s parents. They give everything that researcher
need. Thanks for the sacrifice, support, motivation, pray and advice. There
is no color without their existence.
7. Faris and Fahmi as researcher’s brothers for their cheer up, spirit, and
pray.
8. Farikha, Intan, Adelia, Zuhri, Ika, Ida, Aziz,Dianaand all of friends
who give information, help, support, and advice. There will not be fun
without you guys.
vii
9. d’cezky (Mami, Phego, MisRi, Jenk Dee, Titi, Rete, Dhani, and Tee),
give me unforgettable moment during study in UMS, motivation, and
friendship.
10. Zakiyah as an aunt’s researcher for her time to help researcher finish this
research.
11. Captain, for his existence, gives the researcher new dream, new way, and
big spirit to finish this research.
The researcher also says thanks for everyone who give help and support
and the researcher cannot mention all one by one in this statement.
The researcher is aware that this research has weaknesses. The researcher
with pleasure open her ear to hear the suggestion and critical about this research.
The suggestion and critical give benefit to make the research be better.
The researcher hopes this research will useful and gives contribution to
the readers, especially for the researcher.
Wassalamu’alaikumWr. Wb
Surakarta, July 2013
The Researcher
viii
SUMMARY
Hawa Fadhila. A320 090 092. ERRORS IN SPEAKING ENGLISH MADE
BY STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
Reseacrh Paper 2013
The researcher writes this research to describe the type of errors in
speaking English of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta, describe the frequency and the dominant, and explain the sources of
error.
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The researcher
collects micro teaching video from her friends. The researcher makes the
transcript of the video as the source of the data. The researcher uses
documentation method to select the data. There are 212 data containing of errors.
The researcher uses Clark and Clark theory and Dulay, Burt, and Krashen
theory to analyze the errors. The researcher divides the errors into three
classifications. They are speech error, lexical error, and grammatical error. In
speech errors are repetition (27,4%), unretraced (4,3%), retraced (6,6%), filled
pause (20,3%), silent pause (9,9%), stutters (1,9%), correction (0,9%), and slip of
the tongue (0,5% ). Lexical error is wrong choice of word (0,9%). Grammatical
errors are omission of auxiliary in question (6,1%), omission of “to be” (2,4%),
addition of “to be”/ verb (7,6%), omission of “do” in negative sentence (0,5%),
addition of “do” in question (1,9%), addition of preposition (2,8%), misordering
(0,9%), the use of V-O instead of V-ing (0,5%), addition of “to” after auxilary
(1,4%), and wrong choice of verb (3,3%). The sources of speech error are
cognitive and psychological reason. The sources of lexical and grammatical error
are interlingual and intralingual transfer.
Keyword: errors, speaking English
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER .............................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE................................................................................................ iii
TESTYMONY ................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................. v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................. vii
SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................... x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study .......................................................... 1
B. Limitation of the Study ............................................................. 4
C. Problem Statement ................................................................... 4
D. Objective of the Study .............................................................. 5
E. Benefit of the Study .................................................................. 5
F. Paper Organization .................................................................. 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Previous Study ......................................................................... 7
1. Inayah’sWork .............................................................................7
2. Purnawati’s Work ............................................................... 8
3. Saputri’s Work .................................................................... 9
4. Rahmawati’s Work ........................................................... 10
5. Research Position .............................................................. 11
B. Theoritical Review ................................................................. 12
1. Speech Production .......................................................... 12
2. Component of Speaking .................................................. 14
3. Speech Error .................................................................... 15
4. Source of Error ............................................................... 18
5. Error Analysis Procedure ................................................ 19
x
a. Identification of Error .............................................. 19
b. Description of Error ................................................. 20
c. Explanation of Error ................................................. 21
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research ................................................................... 23
B. Subject and Object of Research .............................................. 23
C. Data and Data Source ............................................................ 23
D. Method of Collecting Data ..................................................... 24
E. Method of Analyzing Data ..................................................... 24
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Finding ................................................................... 26
1. Type of Errors .................................................................... 26
a. Speech Error ................................................................. 26
b. Lexical Error ................................................................ 35
c. Grammatical Error ........................................................ 36
2. Frequency and Dominant of Error ..................................... 46
3. The Source of Error ........................................................... 49
B. Discussion of Findings............................................................ 52
CHAPTER V CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ............................................................................. 56
B. Pedagogical Implication ......................................................... 58
C. Suggestion ............................................................................. 60
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 62
VIRTUAL REFERENCES .............................................................................. 64
APPENDIX ...................................................................................................... 65
a. List of Data ........................................................................................... 65
b. Classification Data ................................................................................ 73
xi