TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES IN “COLUMBUS CIRCLE” MOVIE DIRECTED BY GEORGE GALLO (2012): Traumatic Experiences In “Columbus Circle” Movie Directed By George Gallo (2012): A Psychoanalytic Approach.
TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES IN “COLUMBUS CIRCLE” MOVIE
DIRECTED BY GEORGE GALLO (2012):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEACH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting
Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department.
by:
LILIK TOHARUDIN ISMOYO
A 320 080 261
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
APPROVAL
TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES IN “COLUMBUS CIRCLE” MOVIE
DIRECTED BY GEORGE GALLO (2012):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
by:
LILIK TOHARUDIN ISMOYO
A 320 080 261
TESTIMONY
On this occasion, the writer states that in this research paper, there is no
plagiarism of the previous literary work to get Bachelor Degree in a certain
University and as long as the researcher knows that there is also no work or idea
that has ever been written or published by other, except referred written in this
Research Paper and mentioned in the bibliography.
If it is proved that there are some untrue statements in this testimony, she
will be wholly responsible for that.
Surakarta, 30 April 2013
The Writer,
LILIK TOHARUDIN ISMOYO
A 320 080 261
MOTTO
“Niscaya Allah akan mengangkat (derajat) orang-orang yang beriman
diantaramu dan orang-orang yang diberi ilmu beberapa derajat.”
(Al-Qur’an, Surat Al-Mujadilah: 11)
Don’t ask what other people can do for you
but ask what you can do for other people.
(Nelson Mandella)
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
Allah SWT
My beloved mother
My grandmother
My beloved Father and sister
My all best friends
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.
Allhamdullilahirobbil’alamin. All of the praises is only to for Allah SWT,
the Most Gracious and Most Merciful. It is for blessing and guiding because the
writer can finish this paper as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for getting
bachelor degree of education.
The writer realizes that this research paper would never be possible
without other people`s help, so that the reseacher would like to express his
gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd. M. Ed, as the first research consultant
who has guided and advised his during the arrangement of research paper
from the beginning until the end.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S,M.Hum, as the Head of English Department and the
second consultant, thanks for being a good consultant and giving the reseacher
suggestion in correcting this research paper.
3. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif. M. Si., as the Dean of the School of Teacher Training
and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
4. All of lecturers in English Department.
5. His beloved Mother and father, who always give all love, support and
prayers.
6. His beloved sisters, let`s do the best.
7. His best friends Amin, Rivaldi, Ginanjar, Doni, Arqi (Gembul), Andi
(Bogel), Tyo (markutil), Devis, Ahong, Yudis, Bening. I love you all, never
forget the bad and good time when spent together.
8. His big Family in Purwodadi, Kebumen, Wonogiri.
9. All his friends in English Department especially G Community.
10. All the parties that cannot be mentioned one by one.
The writer realize that this research paper still has a lot of weaknesses.
Therefore, the reseacher would thank to the readers if they can give the suggestion
and criticisms to make the research paper better.
Surakarta, 30 April 2013.
LILIK TOHARUDIN ISMOYO
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER
i
APPROVAL
ii
ACCEPTANCE
iii
TESTIMONY
iv
MOTTO
v
DEDICATION
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT
ix
LIST OF FIGURE
xii
ABSTRACT
xvii
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
1
B. Literature Review
6
C. Problem Statement
6
D. Objective of the Study
6
E. Limitation of the Study
6
F. Benefits of the Study
6
G. Research Method
6
H. Research Paper Organization
9
UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Psychoanalysis
1. Notion of Psychoanalysis
10
2. Major Principle of Personality
10
a.
Id
11
b.
Ego
12
c.
Superego
13
B. Traumatic Experiences
CHAPTER III
10
15
1. Notion of Trauma
15
2. Characteristic of Trauma
16
3. Trauma in Human Experience
16
C. Structural Elements of the Movie
18
1.
Narrative Elements
17
2.
Technical Elements
21
D. Theoretical Application
28
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE MOVIE
A. Structural Elements of the Movie
29
1. Narrative Elements…………………………… 29
a. Character and Characterization…………... 29
b. Setting……………………………………. 39
c. Plot……………………………………….. 44
d. Point of View…………………………….. 48
e. Theme…………………………………….. 49
2. Technical Elements…………………………..
50
a. Mise-en-Scene……………………………. 50
b. Cinematography………………………….. 58
c. Sound……………………………………… 62
d. Editing…………………………………….. 62
B. Discussion…………………………………………. 65
CHAPTER 1V
PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS
A. Analysis of Abigail’s Personality…………………. 69
1. Id………………………………………………. 69
2. Superego………………………………………. 71
3. Ego…………………………………………….. 73
B. Analysis of Abigail’s Traumatic Experiences .......... 75
C. Discussion…………………………………………. 79
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESION
A. Conclusion ………………………………………... 84
B. Educational Implication ........................................... 86
C. Suggestion ……………………………………….... 87
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
SYNOPSIS
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1. Abigail’s Profile ………………………………………………… 30
Figure 2. Frank Giardiello’s Profile ……………………………………… 32
Figure 3. Lilian’s Profile ………………………………………………...... 34
Figure 4. Charlie’s Profile …………………………………………........... 35
Figure 5. Raymond Fontaine’s Profile ……………………………………. 37
Figure 6. Klanderman’s Profile …………………………………………….38
Figure 7. Abigail’s Apartment …………………………………………..
40
Figure 8. Lobby Room ………………………………..............................
41
Figure 9. Lonnigan’s Apartment ……………………………...................
41
Figure 10. Police Department …………………………………………… 41
Figure 11. Elevator ……………… ……………………….......................
42
Figure 12. Hallway ……………………………………………................ 42
Figure 13. Street on Columbus Circle…………………...........................
43
Figure 14. Garden ....................………………………………………....... 43
Figure 15. Waters Bank ……………………………………...................... 43
Figure 16. In the Car ……………………………………………............
44
Figure 17. Abigail’s eye ……………………………………………….
49
Figure 18. Telephone …………………………………………………...... 51
Figure 19. Mobile Phone …………………………………………............ 51
Figure 20. Computer ……………………………………………….....
51
Figure 21. Television ……………………………………………………
51
Figure 22. It is a pen. …………………………………………………….... 51
Figure 23. It is a wallet. ………………………………………………….. 51
Figure 24. It is a cup. ...................…………………………….................... 52
Figure 25. It is a mirror. ......……………………………………………..... 52
Figure 26. It is a flashdisk. ………………………………………………... 52
Figure 27. It is a revolver. .......……………………………………………. 52
Figure 28. It is a handbag. ……………………………………………...... 53
Figure 29. It is a ring. .................. ……………………………………….. 53
Figure 30. Costume is used in work. ……....………………………….....
53
Figure 31. It is a pajamas. ……...………………………………………..
53
Figure 32. Costume is used by cops. …………………………………….
54
Figure 33. It is black dress. …………………………………………….... 54
Figure 34. Abigail’s Normal Face ............... ……………………………… 55
Figure 35. Abigail’s Simple Make-Up …………………………………… 55
Figure 36. It is hard lighting. ………………..........………………………. 56
Figure 37. It is soft lighting. ..........................……………………………. 56
Figure 38. It is side lighting. …………………………………………….. 56
Figure 39. It is under lighting. …………………………………………..
56
Figure 40. It is top lighting. ………………………………………………. 56
Figure 41. It is frontal lighting. …..………………………………………. 56
Figure 42. It is back lighting. …………………………………………….. 57
Figure 43. Lamp Light ........……………………………………………..
57
Figure 44. Sun Light …………………………………………….......
57
Figure 45. Gray Color ...........…………………………………………....
58
Figure 46. Natural Color………………………………………………..
58
Figure 47. Dark Color ........…………………………………………….
58
Figure 48. Straight on Angle ………………………………………….....
60
Figure 49. Low Angle ………………………………………………….... 60
Figure 50. High Angle .........………………………………………………. 60
Figure 51. Extreme Long Shot …………………………………………….. 61
Figure 52. Long Shot …………………………………………….............. 61
Figure 53. Medium Shot
…………………………………………....…. 61
Figure 54. Medium Close-Up ………………………………………….... 61
Figure 55. Close-Up……...……………………………………………...... 61
Figure 56. Axis of Action …........…..…………………………………….. 62
Figure 57. Reverse Shot …………………………………………………... 63
Figure 58. Cross Cutting ……........……………………………………….. 63
Figure 59. Match in Action ……………..………………………………... 64
Figure 60. Match in Action ..........……...………………………………... 64
ABSTRACT
LILIK
TOHARUDIN
ISMOYO.
A320080261.
TRAUMATIC
EXPERIENCES IN COLUMBUS CIRCLE MOVIE DIRECTED BY
GEORGE GALLO (2012): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. RESEARCH
PAPER. 2013.
This research is proposed to analyze traumatic experiences in a film with
title Columbus Circle using Psychoanalytic Approach. There are two objectives.
The first is to analyze the film in term of structural analysis and the second is to
analyze the film based on Psychoanalytic Approach.
The research paper belongs to the qualitative research. The object of the
study is the personality of Abigail in Columbus Circle movie. There are two kinds
of data sources used in this research, they are primary and secondary. The primary
data is the film itself and the secondary data sources are biography of the author,
books and internet. The technique of data collection in this research is
summarizing, paraphrasing, and documenting the data. In analyzing the data, the
writer employs descriptive qualitative analysis.
The outcome of the study shows that the movie illustrates traumatic
experiences of Abigail. The traumatic experience of Abigail begins when she sees
directly, when Charlie tortures Lilian. She looks bewildered by walking back and
forth. She is very worried about herself being in danger. Her painful experiences
in the past, makes her more carefully in making decisions. Anxiety of Abigail
turns to frighten when she lost people she cares about. Based on the analysis, the
writer concludes that the problems of major character cause the conflict of her
mental condition. It happens when there is contradiction between Id, Ego and
Superego to overcome the trauma.
DIRECTED BY GEORGE GALLO (2012):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEACH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting
Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department.
by:
LILIK TOHARUDIN ISMOYO
A 320 080 261
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
APPROVAL
TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES IN “COLUMBUS CIRCLE” MOVIE
DIRECTED BY GEORGE GALLO (2012):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
by:
LILIK TOHARUDIN ISMOYO
A 320 080 261
TESTIMONY
On this occasion, the writer states that in this research paper, there is no
plagiarism of the previous literary work to get Bachelor Degree in a certain
University and as long as the researcher knows that there is also no work or idea
that has ever been written or published by other, except referred written in this
Research Paper and mentioned in the bibliography.
If it is proved that there are some untrue statements in this testimony, she
will be wholly responsible for that.
Surakarta, 30 April 2013
The Writer,
LILIK TOHARUDIN ISMOYO
A 320 080 261
MOTTO
“Niscaya Allah akan mengangkat (derajat) orang-orang yang beriman
diantaramu dan orang-orang yang diberi ilmu beberapa derajat.”
(Al-Qur’an, Surat Al-Mujadilah: 11)
Don’t ask what other people can do for you
but ask what you can do for other people.
(Nelson Mandella)
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
Allah SWT
My beloved mother
My grandmother
My beloved Father and sister
My all best friends
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.
Allhamdullilahirobbil’alamin. All of the praises is only to for Allah SWT,
the Most Gracious and Most Merciful. It is for blessing and guiding because the
writer can finish this paper as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for getting
bachelor degree of education.
The writer realizes that this research paper would never be possible
without other people`s help, so that the reseacher would like to express his
gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd. M. Ed, as the first research consultant
who has guided and advised his during the arrangement of research paper
from the beginning until the end.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S,M.Hum, as the Head of English Department and the
second consultant, thanks for being a good consultant and giving the reseacher
suggestion in correcting this research paper.
3. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif. M. Si., as the Dean of the School of Teacher Training
and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
4. All of lecturers in English Department.
5. His beloved Mother and father, who always give all love, support and
prayers.
6. His beloved sisters, let`s do the best.
7. His best friends Amin, Rivaldi, Ginanjar, Doni, Arqi (Gembul), Andi
(Bogel), Tyo (markutil), Devis, Ahong, Yudis, Bening. I love you all, never
forget the bad and good time when spent together.
8. His big Family in Purwodadi, Kebumen, Wonogiri.
9. All his friends in English Department especially G Community.
10. All the parties that cannot be mentioned one by one.
The writer realize that this research paper still has a lot of weaknesses.
Therefore, the reseacher would thank to the readers if they can give the suggestion
and criticisms to make the research paper better.
Surakarta, 30 April 2013.
LILIK TOHARUDIN ISMOYO
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER
i
APPROVAL
ii
ACCEPTANCE
iii
TESTIMONY
iv
MOTTO
v
DEDICATION
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT
ix
LIST OF FIGURE
xii
ABSTRACT
xvii
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
1
B. Literature Review
6
C. Problem Statement
6
D. Objective of the Study
6
E. Limitation of the Study
6
F. Benefits of the Study
6
G. Research Method
6
H. Research Paper Organization
9
UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Psychoanalysis
1. Notion of Psychoanalysis
10
2. Major Principle of Personality
10
a.
Id
11
b.
Ego
12
c.
Superego
13
B. Traumatic Experiences
CHAPTER III
10
15
1. Notion of Trauma
15
2. Characteristic of Trauma
16
3. Trauma in Human Experience
16
C. Structural Elements of the Movie
18
1.
Narrative Elements
17
2.
Technical Elements
21
D. Theoretical Application
28
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE MOVIE
A. Structural Elements of the Movie
29
1. Narrative Elements…………………………… 29
a. Character and Characterization…………... 29
b. Setting……………………………………. 39
c. Plot……………………………………….. 44
d. Point of View…………………………….. 48
e. Theme…………………………………….. 49
2. Technical Elements…………………………..
50
a. Mise-en-Scene……………………………. 50
b. Cinematography………………………….. 58
c. Sound……………………………………… 62
d. Editing…………………………………….. 62
B. Discussion…………………………………………. 65
CHAPTER 1V
PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS
A. Analysis of Abigail’s Personality…………………. 69
1. Id………………………………………………. 69
2. Superego………………………………………. 71
3. Ego…………………………………………….. 73
B. Analysis of Abigail’s Traumatic Experiences .......... 75
C. Discussion…………………………………………. 79
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESION
A. Conclusion ………………………………………... 84
B. Educational Implication ........................................... 86
C. Suggestion ……………………………………….... 87
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
SYNOPSIS
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1. Abigail’s Profile ………………………………………………… 30
Figure 2. Frank Giardiello’s Profile ……………………………………… 32
Figure 3. Lilian’s Profile ………………………………………………...... 34
Figure 4. Charlie’s Profile …………………………………………........... 35
Figure 5. Raymond Fontaine’s Profile ……………………………………. 37
Figure 6. Klanderman’s Profile …………………………………………….38
Figure 7. Abigail’s Apartment …………………………………………..
40
Figure 8. Lobby Room ………………………………..............................
41
Figure 9. Lonnigan’s Apartment ……………………………...................
41
Figure 10. Police Department …………………………………………… 41
Figure 11. Elevator ……………… ……………………….......................
42
Figure 12. Hallway ……………………………………………................ 42
Figure 13. Street on Columbus Circle…………………...........................
43
Figure 14. Garden ....................………………………………………....... 43
Figure 15. Waters Bank ……………………………………...................... 43
Figure 16. In the Car ……………………………………………............
44
Figure 17. Abigail’s eye ……………………………………………….
49
Figure 18. Telephone …………………………………………………...... 51
Figure 19. Mobile Phone …………………………………………............ 51
Figure 20. Computer ……………………………………………….....
51
Figure 21. Television ……………………………………………………
51
Figure 22. It is a pen. …………………………………………………….... 51
Figure 23. It is a wallet. ………………………………………………….. 51
Figure 24. It is a cup. ...................…………………………….................... 52
Figure 25. It is a mirror. ......……………………………………………..... 52
Figure 26. It is a flashdisk. ………………………………………………... 52
Figure 27. It is a revolver. .......……………………………………………. 52
Figure 28. It is a handbag. ……………………………………………...... 53
Figure 29. It is a ring. .................. ……………………………………….. 53
Figure 30. Costume is used in work. ……....………………………….....
53
Figure 31. It is a pajamas. ……...………………………………………..
53
Figure 32. Costume is used by cops. …………………………………….
54
Figure 33. It is black dress. …………………………………………….... 54
Figure 34. Abigail’s Normal Face ............... ……………………………… 55
Figure 35. Abigail’s Simple Make-Up …………………………………… 55
Figure 36. It is hard lighting. ………………..........………………………. 56
Figure 37. It is soft lighting. ..........................……………………………. 56
Figure 38. It is side lighting. …………………………………………….. 56
Figure 39. It is under lighting. …………………………………………..
56
Figure 40. It is top lighting. ………………………………………………. 56
Figure 41. It is frontal lighting. …..………………………………………. 56
Figure 42. It is back lighting. …………………………………………….. 57
Figure 43. Lamp Light ........……………………………………………..
57
Figure 44. Sun Light …………………………………………….......
57
Figure 45. Gray Color ...........…………………………………………....
58
Figure 46. Natural Color………………………………………………..
58
Figure 47. Dark Color ........…………………………………………….
58
Figure 48. Straight on Angle ………………………………………….....
60
Figure 49. Low Angle ………………………………………………….... 60
Figure 50. High Angle .........………………………………………………. 60
Figure 51. Extreme Long Shot …………………………………………….. 61
Figure 52. Long Shot …………………………………………….............. 61
Figure 53. Medium Shot
…………………………………………....…. 61
Figure 54. Medium Close-Up ………………………………………….... 61
Figure 55. Close-Up……...……………………………………………...... 61
Figure 56. Axis of Action …........…..…………………………………….. 62
Figure 57. Reverse Shot …………………………………………………... 63
Figure 58. Cross Cutting ……........……………………………………….. 63
Figure 59. Match in Action ……………..………………………………... 64
Figure 60. Match in Action ..........……...………………………………... 64
ABSTRACT
LILIK
TOHARUDIN
ISMOYO.
A320080261.
TRAUMATIC
EXPERIENCES IN COLUMBUS CIRCLE MOVIE DIRECTED BY
GEORGE GALLO (2012): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. RESEARCH
PAPER. 2013.
This research is proposed to analyze traumatic experiences in a film with
title Columbus Circle using Psychoanalytic Approach. There are two objectives.
The first is to analyze the film in term of structural analysis and the second is to
analyze the film based on Psychoanalytic Approach.
The research paper belongs to the qualitative research. The object of the
study is the personality of Abigail in Columbus Circle movie. There are two kinds
of data sources used in this research, they are primary and secondary. The primary
data is the film itself and the secondary data sources are biography of the author,
books and internet. The technique of data collection in this research is
summarizing, paraphrasing, and documenting the data. In analyzing the data, the
writer employs descriptive qualitative analysis.
The outcome of the study shows that the movie illustrates traumatic
experiences of Abigail. The traumatic experience of Abigail begins when she sees
directly, when Charlie tortures Lilian. She looks bewildered by walking back and
forth. She is very worried about herself being in danger. Her painful experiences
in the past, makes her more carefully in making decisions. Anxiety of Abigail
turns to frighten when she lost people she cares about. Based on the analysis, the
writer concludes that the problems of major character cause the conflict of her
mental condition. It happens when there is contradiction between Id, Ego and
Superego to overcome the trauma.