Male Genetic Diversity of Siwa Brahmin Clan in Bali Based on Y Chromosomal Microsatellites DNA.
Journal of Biotogy
Agriculture and Heatthcare
ts'==='',,5*",,,,..
E
..:+
VoI 4, No
I Q0l4)
Table of Contents
frrticles
i'
r
otsody to Assess the Knowledge Regarding prevention of pneumonia among
of Moodbidri with a view to
DtBc Aged Adults in Selected Rural Areas
etdop an Informational Booklet
Yathi Kumara Swamy Gowda, Ashok Nayak
il&lcscent's
and Drugs Abuse in Nigeria
Hanisu Mamman, Ahmad Tajuddin Othman, Lim Hooi Liqn
EEct of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex o'Rorke) seeds on the Liver
dGonads ofMale Albino Rats
Hannah Edim Etta, Cornelia Chinomso Olisaeke, Cletus Inah lboh
Efrctiveness of Treatment outcomes of public private Mix Tuberculosis
Cmol Program in Eastern Nigeria
Henry A. Efegbere, Arthur E. Anyabolu, prosper O. Adogu, Ebruke K.
Efegbere, Emeka H. Enemuo, Robert C. Okonkwo, Obiefuna p. Eze,
Nasiru Sani-Gwqrzo, Amos Omoniyi, Amobi L. Ilika, Anthony O.
Igwegbe, Cyprian I.A. Oyeka
Efects of Different concentrations of Biocides on Fungal populations,
oil pipelines, Nigei Delta Region, Nigeria
Godwin U. Akpan, Marian G. Solomon, Godwin Abah
10-15
t6-22
Isolated from Biofilms of corroded
Male Genetic Diversity of Siwa Brahmin Clan in Bali Based on
Chromosomal Microsatellites DNA
23-29
y-
I Ketut Junilha, Ni Luh Watiniasih
A comparative study on Growth, carcass Traits and rissue Distribution
Awassi and Hamdani Lambs
30-35
of
Rabee A. Oramari, Jalat E. Alkass, Kanyaw I. Mahmud
Effectiveness of Enterobacter cloacae to promote the Growth and Increase the
Yield of Rice
Datta Ngurah Suprapn, Ni Made Intan Maulina, Khamdqn Khalimi
Effect of Protein Level on Gonadal Developmont of the African catfish
IBIMA.7., F. D. SIKOK]
5
t-56
Impact of Bat Guano otonycteris hemprichii camd and Seaweed Extract on
Some Growth and Yield Traits of Barakaseed Nigella Sativa L
ASEEL N. ALMOHAMMEDI, ALI F. ALMEHEMDI, MFAT K. AL
AJEELEE
57-6s
Phosphate and Sulphate Adsorptions in Bungor Series Soil
Adzemi Mat Arshad, Ibrahim W
Qualitative Land Evaluation for
Adzemi Mat Arshad
oil palm cultivation in peninsular Malaysia
The Efficacy of a Herbal Drug, Schitozim over praziquantel in the
Management of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in BALB/c mice
Lynda A Allan, Helen L. Kutima, Shadrack Muya, Darlene Ayonga,
Dorcas Yole
The Influence of Adoption of Improved oil parrn production practices on the
oil Palm Farmers in Kwaebibirem District of Ghana
Livelihood Assets of
Jonathan N. Anaglo, Seth Danlqi Boateng, Felix K. M. Swanzy
69-76
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
(Online)
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225493X
Vol.4, No.l,20l4
in Bali Based on
Male Genetic Diversity of siwa Brahmin clan
Chromosomal Microsatellites DNA
I Ketut Junitha* and Ni Luh Watiniasih
University
of Mathemltic and Natural Science, udayana
80361
Indonesia'
Bali'
Kuta'
Bukit Jimbarano
* E-mail of ctrresponding [email protected]
Biology Department, r;*hy
Jalan Raya K;;;;t
of Dang Hy4
two groups, th1! are Siwa Brahmin the descendant
The Brahmin clan in Bali consisted of
came to B{
Nirartha
Hyang
Dang
narrg Hyang Asqnaka.
Nirartha and Boda Brahmin, the descendant'or
Keniten' Ml
Manuaba'
(Kemenuh,
sub-clans
Abstract
around l4g0 and a"."J"Jiirr" Brahmin
oi-s
a"r, *rttt
Brahmin clan'
"i,.ri.t
to ietermine the molecular characters of Siwa
and Patapan). ffris nesearch was conducted
DNA from Jtrc
Y-chromosomal
-i"tosatellite
The research was conducted by employi"g
loc,s (
DYS390
in
three
th";;i;;;i;; -*[*
oi utLt" rot"'a, o"" in the DYS,9 locus (200bp)'
(lzl
(
and il:upi and in DYS395 locus
alleles were found in Dys393 locus 129
(0.54)
z03,2o.7and 21lbp)
2
haplotype
in
found
""d.'""
from 6 haglot.lrngs recorded, was
and 131bp). The highest frequency o! !n|o^tpe,
fhis ilaplo,tipe was found in all of sub-clans: Kemenub"
t'Zi.
Oqi
with the allete combin"ii", i,i ZfiO, ZOl,
Haplotype 2 could be as the origirnl
Mas, including sample from unidentified sub-ilan'
to october zor:. *rere was;ri;;
Manuaba, Keniten,
haplotyPe
^fir*iiO*,of Siwa Brahmin' DNA microsatellite' allele' haplotype
Siwa Brahmin clan,
soroh
paternal genealogical lineage ca[ed clan or
today is divided into groups b.ase$ on
which
earlier'
island
Bali
to
between p"opi* who Jame
(Balinese). The society a"r"ilp"a from the acculturation
isknownasBaliMulaandpeoplewhocametutott'utU'oughtnewthoughtwhatiscalledasReligionbasedon
came from various
w^a_s inhab]ted by people who
holly book of Hindu, v;;.' Based on trre tristoiy,'naii;1".r;d
1996; Wikarman"
Ardika
1985;
lr*i'C"",*uias, 1956; Bellwood'
' village'
place such as China, r,,jiu, C*t a and East
Buleleng
Sembiran
at
tomb
the
*ipNe "ouected from the ieeth excavated from
1994). The profile
that 83'7% of
"r
(1[,i* et al',,2004)' farafet et at'" (2005) foundgene
Regency was found ,i-itu, io that of Indian
from prel2ohd";"I"di;"'genes-and oriy 2,2Yo representing
Balinese men have Austronesian genes,.'ru.ioo.
various
brought
ptu"", entariing Balinese tommunity certainly
Neolithic society. ffr" .r"* "o*".Jf.o*
Balinese'
of
culture
*ttich will enrich the genetic structurg as well as the
new genetic prohles *a
the cultural
"rr*t"
functioi as Brahmin (Balinese: Sulinggih\ to assist
Many people in Balinese society groups are
from
Brahmin
example'
For
clan'
afr"rently depend on the
ceremony. They are many Sulingsih]hai u." "uff"J
from
Brahmin
and
Begawan,
called
p"donda, Brahmin frorn-Ksatria clan
i*
lineage'
Brahmin (Brahmana)
genealogical
based
was
society
"uit;'"lui Brahmins (pedandal a"r"""a*t in_Balinese
pasek clan called Sri Mpu.
(Siva) Brahmin who
Those are the group or clan of Siwa
which is grouped into two from two ancestois.
Astapaka'
or Boda Brahmin, tire descendant of f)ang Hyang
the
descendant of Dang Hyang Nirartha and
lda Ayu
and
men
the
"tuo bt ih" name b-egin with lda Bagus for
The descendants of Brahmin clan was character*d
of
existence
The
1993)'
2008; Wi; and Santeii'
for the woman (Dharma Gosana of n"g"rr.y i"t"Urana,
existed
They
Boda)'
(Siwa
and
those-the division of Brahmin clans
(the
Brahmin in Bali was known far earlier than
v"u' of 80 ( 152 AD)' the founder of the -Besakift Temple
cutu
the
nJ r"r*t"raea at
since the arrival
l;r1l#ilirlll;"rociety
"r
largestTempleinBali),thenfollowedltYn]Gana,MpuSemeru,MpuGnijaya,andMpuKuturan(Gingsir,
Sastrodiwiryo' 2010)'
2000; Dharma Gosana Kab' Jembrana' 2008;
l
the number
Inot" then tlBoda Brahmin' which represented by
*u.
Bali
in
of siwa Brahmin
of
The population
out Bali, while the Boda
Brahmin *a it. i'edanda were widespreaa tto"gtr
people and families. il;;;;
Regency; Tusan
in Bodakeling and wanasari villages, Karangasem
Brahmin was limited and can only be found
Siwa Brahmin
of
clan
village, Gianyar-Reglncy' The Jynutty or
village, Klungkung Regency, ana SlIaw.ati
Java to Bali
from
came
the Foundingfath"', O*g Hyang Nirartha
was started in fifty aentury (1430 AD) *h"t
with his family. At that time, Gelgel
Riana (201r)
Jembrana, ioos; sastroaiwirvo, 2010;. Ho*"ver,
into five
devided
was
Brahmin
Siwa
in sati ubout y"u' 1489' -The
reported that Dang Hyu-;;;;-t"t h; i.i*d.
was from
fint
the
wives'
five
had
He
Jbu"g H;-g Nirartha'
(East
groups (sub-clans) wrrichtsed on their *ir"*
;u;clan Iiemenuh' The second wife from Pasuruan
Srahmin
descended
Daha (Kediri-East Java) who
Brahmin
The,third wife from Blambangan (East Java) desdended
Java) descendeo sruh-'irr-roi-clan Manuaba.
wife
a"o"rra"d grah;in sub-clan Mas, and the frfth
sub-clan Keniten. The fourth wife from vras tcianvar-outif
**
;ft,T#ru'il;#51t15rffi?tl.il'h:-;l"pd,fi;1tf::::*::,'95,:'r:ffl1**:*:"ftt"11ffi'ffi
"lt.
30
www.lrste.org
Ifltl
ffifi
descended Brahmin
*b-:tl_p."qpan (Bek, 1959; Gingsir
,2OOA).
af1'-""t J.,"od" protein, so it does not
ffi::,:,f,_.::":j^1,1"-"f,rNA.ui"t
Microsaterrite s"o"ii" markers rr;;
i""r rr"J'ffi;1T""k;",il"TlJl:
hn'
n rcrcby it is goJi io ue empmyeJ;;;;,;;G;"Tff#il1;#1,:ll,.J
rlff ?,Xt
;L,r".,.: i ;sl;j. rjiri.,,, at, tee6;
:'Y
H DNA
;;ffir*,;"X",:":i
:i rt:. :!?!:
markers that are located
ffi.#::#:Xff;*ri::",lrl)
"r,r*"r"*i1i
ji:f "*i"ri,""-g'J"rsai"*,h"-,i,""i"_r,",arebasedon
l[ffir.Ean]_H:.,,::::::
trur&
(bride) move and ri*
to th" -ui.1brid"g.o"il rr""r" .,,fl*|f,"jfl:"?H;
nrir
d- ffi61@r.
cbromosom-y markers rrur u"",
determine genetic flows between
caste
D.rurcsc society
Balinese
socretv tx*rr"- i-"i.,ioosl
et al., "r.a_to
2005) *a
and for genialogical
oene,r^-inor groups
,._^ or
-r
-$Trt:1
^*
clans
in
et at.,ZOOO;
3]: ry*,
tunitha
eia't.:;;i;;
?Ji*:'Jj[i,i;ii*".Brahminsub-crant"3:]rh,-uaruaba,
ffi#ffi
DYslg,
m" il
rh r-",il;;;.'.o*rerr
," ^-,^Io.To:1T3-J
;iil;:,frf$?"ii,ll,lft nrys:so,
resrtts were re-corded and
a-.{ used
r,oo,r +^
nlarkers,
ffi:i:3*
"*r"ifi"
molecular marker microsateuite y-chromosomar
DNA fiom June
ffi3l:|'j,]:::"t'nt
,E nam
,h
mrne
s, nom
from r ^,"1
tv X|ff:siv1
r
;amrting
;;:ffi
,E:::;rlr",,H1:Iil:,fi:r,1il:.:ff
method,
b;;J;;;ri,t"s people of
?:ip:.Ti 1d
frcvolunteers.a"g*r"rrnr"."u".,r""r,'ffi
f"l.rllml ",1], :,:: I |e. :t,,r::rum
'ft;"*Xffi
"i
Siwa
mucosa ceil was swab
using sterilized
il#?"".:::,T::;il"ilr:ffi:X*:l
I rifr coho I prec
mT":i"'i:1":1j,;1f
o:r#f
DIa, ::::-";::-"-::Triprtrvasextractedusingphenor;;;;t, ;,:. ;;;iiliil ?# ililil:$.H tr rp"Tffii
:
;ili;i;;'
rorr, r, Dys 0, Dys 5 and Dy
n s TL-f
cl.Ies in "li:U;::::,lf
) rr, l
52-55'c annearing- iemferatures, then
visuarrr"n'#tij,'j;'?"'rfi::tl;,*:
6yo potvacilamide ger (pAGE) runnins in r ro r,^rr
ffiikT3..Y:^y::'":iropn:tj'^i;
DNArypingwasdetermin"auvpi"t,i"g;""#;::"fr
ar
i
p i tat
i
3e
lirru-
r
2001). The genetic
htr
3e
S
3es
:i'J"^fiTlrTffi:r#;f,l:X
_|il;ff
ai".i.iiy .,ur'""i""i""a foilowing
parra et ar., (1999).
hqr-r ce[s
rd
fir*--*."qr
ffi#
samples were collected from
mal-e Siwa Brahmin clan. Those
were collected from
otter eijht regencies i, e"ii,-r;"f,
r-rngu;, iil.gk ng, Bangri,
Gianyar, Badung,
and Bulelens u"ro11"ut"lv,
i;;'t';iJ., sub-crir
,
therefore the samples
""riJ;;;because,
2e rrom manuaba,
r rrom Keniren and
*tl:;:,:**:lt.tfu[f1fem1uh,
#;l'ilTJl;',1,'"'it#ffi ;ll;i:il5"T1?n1
r
F,r*or55volunte"'p."u""a,';ilffi
min in Bali.
fl
ry
UX=
fu
0f
rntnownJ,rtE
r-
dl
55 buccal cell samples collected,
two of them leaked on the tilting process,
therefore only 53 samples
amprined in two primers out orrour
ErililDFrs emploved, which
were not showing uoy
i,
#:;*
ffi*T#[i".];ffi1';"X:i:*:,,:j":*i::i:1"-'1111"
t*i
"1";;;;J;Htr&T:1i
31
yiri:
Joumal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225493X (Online)
Vol.4,
No.l,20l4
,ffiffi
ffiil
::::::\ ::
) W
MYffi
ffi*ffi
ffi*ry
tr
u
siit*
E
&
W
&i.
ffi&
* **m*"
fiffiM*
!
il*
t
zffi
zi H * * ffiffi#r
--' ffi
,*
::ffi
!'
ffiw
ffi[
{r
,&S
0t6}{6.{
,{t
}t
lrlr
Figure l. Amplificauon results and electrogram of A: locus DYS19; B: locus DYS390, C:
locus DYS393, and D: locus DYS395. Note: L: DNA ladder (from l00bp). The number on
each tract is the sample sizes. The blank tract is the sample that was fails to be amplified.
The allele sizes of an amplicon were expressed as a set of numbers of nucleotide. Allele size of each locus and
its frequency are presented in Table 2. There were eight alleles found from all of the primer used. One of them
was monomorphic in DYS19 locus, and polymorphic with three allele sizes were found in DyS390 (203,207
and2ll bp), and two allele sizes were found in DYS393 (129 and 133 bp) and DYS395 (127 and l3l bp).
Table2. Locus. Alelle size and allele
Locus
Alelle size (base oair/bo)
Frequancv
DYS19
200
1.00
DYS390
203
0,38
207
DYS393
DYS395
211
0,58
0.04
129
0,96
133
0.04
0,96
0,04
127
l3l
Geneticdiversitywasvariedoneachlocus(Table3).Therrigtr@foundinDYS390
locus and the lowest (0.00) was found in DYSI9 locus, with mean diversity of 0.267 + 0.023.
Table 3.. Genetic
Uenetrc di
dlversl ofeach locus
Locus
Diversiw + SE
DYSI9
0,00 + 0,00
DYS390
DYS303
DYS395
Mean
0,782+0,026
0,143 +0,034
0.143 + 0.034
0,267 +0.023
This research was founded six haplotype based on alleles combination for four loci (DYSI9,DYS390,DYS393
and DYS395), there are haplotype no 1 to 6 is presented at table 4. The haplotype 2 owning highest frequency
32
d
Healthcare
l[S{ U5{93X
www.iiste.org
(Ontine)
t$l3l
ffi[
itt\'12w'207,129,r27 bp) 0.53s folowed
by haploype no
f d oo 6 u/ith each frequency are 0.19.
U+ttype' alelles coritbinations, frequency and the distribution
*own
zub-clan
(20a,203,r2g,r27) 0.3g4
of sub-clan of Balinese Siwa
Brahmin
f,ryFtaplotp", Iod@q:
= Kmuh, Manb= Manuaba, Kenie
r
Freouencv
---"";-.,
Keniten, and-
frrs 6at there was no Patapan sub-clan of Siwa Brahmin found
in this study. Based on the
irir,artlra
uv e"[?leJt;;; that regarized to be a
siwa
:3pf:r"1,?:qlf*
uely4 sub-clans, those are sub-clan ",.it,*
Kemenuir, Mauuaba, ["rri,*
""jirr"r";fifi;:"rH.H#;
}!ft"ll,:r;:"
Mu* sub-clan.
""ip,""r"il""uJ*u,uor.,, but they might be
rhis is,*",r,"i r,"iil#."ii:";fiT*';ir1'tXlil.t,}1"j[L,ffr,#:
"::"*1 Hy_","_"::r^f-:,"rv_aia
*ancetves
^
ryks
amplified using-4 pair ofprimers (DySl9, Dys390,
Dys393 dan DyS395), one sample was
o,e to the rai,ure in sample
due to mutation occurred on the prr-o'rit"
which is
a
$i;;:'i1,.L,y
Ht?XX;3,f"'::"i::::::x****:'*
,"f..J;;;ilffii: ifirftf:fiT}:f
of alleles varied among
loci' Eight variety of alleles were found, which the
highest frequency (1.0)
rg9!o. rhis means tr,"iir,".'*,s no mutation
occurred since
Ir?Illrrl:::'jy::T,.,:g:1*li,"f
father, Dang Hvang Nirartha. This
,ffi
k
aneri *u,
"o*ooro;;';;;;:#tH:ff:tffiil,tT
-e
pr,:,! r the worrd (Hammer and Horai,
liz-Linares et at. tee6;.-Harmer
ffijH:.'2n','it:2:
3,!::':)*,::'.:'*-;";;;;;
,i.,
tsitl.
rhe aueleif ffi;: ["rff'[fr#ff';l*H#]
"i
frT*::".t"tt"r"::"(r;jr]:_l"yrj-r^ljo,:u)-":1"nslI]
ia arrnost every caste or sociar group in india (Rama rose]"."]p.o*ry. rhe arrere or207bp wal
;i."i1liY9ii;'iil;j"1"1#j"
&e earlier study in other BalineJe cian
"; thar the highest frequency:::y:"iry;;
6ayu slr"r.rlirrra
of alrere in
2llbp (Junitha ai
Agriculture and Heatthcare
ts'==='',,5*",,,,..
E
..:+
VoI 4, No
I Q0l4)
Table of Contents
frrticles
i'
r
otsody to Assess the Knowledge Regarding prevention of pneumonia among
of Moodbidri with a view to
DtBc Aged Adults in Selected Rural Areas
etdop an Informational Booklet
Yathi Kumara Swamy Gowda, Ashok Nayak
il&lcscent's
and Drugs Abuse in Nigeria
Hanisu Mamman, Ahmad Tajuddin Othman, Lim Hooi Liqn
EEct of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex o'Rorke) seeds on the Liver
dGonads ofMale Albino Rats
Hannah Edim Etta, Cornelia Chinomso Olisaeke, Cletus Inah lboh
Efrctiveness of Treatment outcomes of public private Mix Tuberculosis
Cmol Program in Eastern Nigeria
Henry A. Efegbere, Arthur E. Anyabolu, prosper O. Adogu, Ebruke K.
Efegbere, Emeka H. Enemuo, Robert C. Okonkwo, Obiefuna p. Eze,
Nasiru Sani-Gwqrzo, Amos Omoniyi, Amobi L. Ilika, Anthony O.
Igwegbe, Cyprian I.A. Oyeka
Efects of Different concentrations of Biocides on Fungal populations,
oil pipelines, Nigei Delta Region, Nigeria
Godwin U. Akpan, Marian G. Solomon, Godwin Abah
10-15
t6-22
Isolated from Biofilms of corroded
Male Genetic Diversity of Siwa Brahmin Clan in Bali Based on
Chromosomal Microsatellites DNA
23-29
y-
I Ketut Junilha, Ni Luh Watiniasih
A comparative study on Growth, carcass Traits and rissue Distribution
Awassi and Hamdani Lambs
30-35
of
Rabee A. Oramari, Jalat E. Alkass, Kanyaw I. Mahmud
Effectiveness of Enterobacter cloacae to promote the Growth and Increase the
Yield of Rice
Datta Ngurah Suprapn, Ni Made Intan Maulina, Khamdqn Khalimi
Effect of Protein Level on Gonadal Developmont of the African catfish
IBIMA.7., F. D. SIKOK]
5
t-56
Impact of Bat Guano otonycteris hemprichii camd and Seaweed Extract on
Some Growth and Yield Traits of Barakaseed Nigella Sativa L
ASEEL N. ALMOHAMMEDI, ALI F. ALMEHEMDI, MFAT K. AL
AJEELEE
57-6s
Phosphate and Sulphate Adsorptions in Bungor Series Soil
Adzemi Mat Arshad, Ibrahim W
Qualitative Land Evaluation for
Adzemi Mat Arshad
oil palm cultivation in peninsular Malaysia
The Efficacy of a Herbal Drug, Schitozim over praziquantel in the
Management of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in BALB/c mice
Lynda A Allan, Helen L. Kutima, Shadrack Muya, Darlene Ayonga,
Dorcas Yole
The Influence of Adoption of Improved oil parrn production practices on the
oil Palm Farmers in Kwaebibirem District of Ghana
Livelihood Assets of
Jonathan N. Anaglo, Seth Danlqi Boateng, Felix K. M. Swanzy
69-76
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
(Online)
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225493X
Vol.4, No.l,20l4
in Bali Based on
Male Genetic Diversity of siwa Brahmin clan
Chromosomal Microsatellites DNA
I Ketut Junitha* and Ni Luh Watiniasih
University
of Mathemltic and Natural Science, udayana
80361
Indonesia'
Bali'
Kuta'
Bukit Jimbarano
* E-mail of ctrresponding [email protected]
Biology Department, r;*hy
Jalan Raya K;;;;t
of Dang Hy4
two groups, th1! are Siwa Brahmin the descendant
The Brahmin clan in Bali consisted of
came to B{
Nirartha
Hyang
Dang
narrg Hyang Asqnaka.
Nirartha and Boda Brahmin, the descendant'or
Keniten' Ml
Manuaba'
(Kemenuh,
sub-clans
Abstract
around l4g0 and a"."J"Jiirr" Brahmin
oi-s
a"r, *rttt
Brahmin clan'
"i,.ri.t
to ietermine the molecular characters of Siwa
and Patapan). ffris nesearch was conducted
DNA from Jtrc
Y-chromosomal
-i"tosatellite
The research was conducted by employi"g
loc,s (
DYS390
in
three
th";;i;;;i;; -*[*
oi utLt" rot"'a, o"" in the DYS,9 locus (200bp)'
(lzl
(
and il:upi and in DYS395 locus
alleles were found in Dys393 locus 129
(0.54)
z03,2o.7and 21lbp)
2
haplotype
in
found
""d.'""
from 6 haglot.lrngs recorded, was
and 131bp). The highest frequency o! !n|o^tpe,
fhis ilaplo,tipe was found in all of sub-clans: Kemenub"
t'Zi.
Oqi
with the allete combin"ii", i,i ZfiO, ZOl,
Haplotype 2 could be as the origirnl
Mas, including sample from unidentified sub-ilan'
to october zor:. *rere was;ri;;
Manuaba, Keniten,
haplotyPe
^fir*iiO*,of Siwa Brahmin' DNA microsatellite' allele' haplotype
Siwa Brahmin clan,
soroh
paternal genealogical lineage ca[ed clan or
today is divided into groups b.ase$ on
which
earlier'
island
Bali
to
between p"opi* who Jame
(Balinese). The society a"r"ilp"a from the acculturation
isknownasBaliMulaandpeoplewhocametutott'utU'oughtnewthoughtwhatiscalledasReligionbasedon
came from various
w^a_s inhab]ted by people who
holly book of Hindu, v;;.' Based on trre tristoiy,'naii;1".r;d
1996; Wikarman"
Ardika
1985;
lr*i'C"",*uias, 1956; Bellwood'
' village'
place such as China, r,,jiu, C*t a and East
Buleleng
Sembiran
at
tomb
the
*ipNe "ouected from the ieeth excavated from
1994). The profile
that 83'7% of
"r
(1[,i* et al',,2004)' farafet et at'" (2005) foundgene
Regency was found ,i-itu, io that of Indian
from prel2ohd";"I"di;"'genes-and oriy 2,2Yo representing
Balinese men have Austronesian genes,.'ru.ioo.
various
brought
ptu"", entariing Balinese tommunity certainly
Neolithic society. ffr" .r"* "o*".Jf.o*
Balinese'
of
culture
*ttich will enrich the genetic structurg as well as the
new genetic prohles *a
the cultural
"rr*t"
functioi as Brahmin (Balinese: Sulinggih\ to assist
Many people in Balinese society groups are
from
Brahmin
example'
For
clan'
afr"rently depend on the
ceremony. They are many Sulingsih]hai u." "uff"J
from
Brahmin
and
Begawan,
called
p"donda, Brahmin frorn-Ksatria clan
i*
lineage'
Brahmin (Brahmana)
genealogical
based
was
society
"uit;'"lui Brahmins (pedandal a"r"""a*t in_Balinese
pasek clan called Sri Mpu.
(Siva) Brahmin who
Those are the group or clan of Siwa
which is grouped into two from two ancestois.
Astapaka'
or Boda Brahmin, tire descendant of f)ang Hyang
the
descendant of Dang Hyang Nirartha and
lda Ayu
and
men
the
"tuo bt ih" name b-egin with lda Bagus for
The descendants of Brahmin clan was character*d
of
existence
The
1993)'
2008; Wi; and Santeii'
for the woman (Dharma Gosana of n"g"rr.y i"t"Urana,
existed
They
Boda)'
(Siwa
and
those-the division of Brahmin clans
(the
Brahmin in Bali was known far earlier than
v"u' of 80 ( 152 AD)' the founder of the -Besakift Temple
cutu
the
nJ r"r*t"raea at
since the arrival
l;r1l#ilirlll;"rociety
"r
largestTempleinBali),thenfollowedltYn]Gana,MpuSemeru,MpuGnijaya,andMpuKuturan(Gingsir,
Sastrodiwiryo' 2010)'
2000; Dharma Gosana Kab' Jembrana' 2008;
l
the number
Inot" then tlBoda Brahmin' which represented by
*u.
Bali
in
of siwa Brahmin
of
The population
out Bali, while the Boda
Brahmin *a it. i'edanda were widespreaa tto"gtr
people and families. il;;;;
Regency; Tusan
in Bodakeling and wanasari villages, Karangasem
Brahmin was limited and can only be found
Siwa Brahmin
of
clan
village, Gianyar-Reglncy' The Jynutty or
village, Klungkung Regency, ana SlIaw.ati
Java to Bali
from
came
the Foundingfath"', O*g Hyang Nirartha
was started in fifty aentury (1430 AD) *h"t
with his family. At that time, Gelgel
Riana (201r)
Jembrana, ioos; sastroaiwirvo, 2010;. Ho*"ver,
into five
devided
was
Brahmin
Siwa
in sati ubout y"u' 1489' -The
reported that Dang Hyu-;;;;-t"t h; i.i*d.
was from
fint
the
wives'
five
had
He
Jbu"g H;-g Nirartha'
(East
groups (sub-clans) wrrichtsed on their *ir"*
;u;clan Iiemenuh' The second wife from Pasuruan
Srahmin
descended
Daha (Kediri-East Java) who
Brahmin
The,third wife from Blambangan (East Java) desdended
Java) descendeo sruh-'irr-roi-clan Manuaba.
wife
a"o"rra"d grah;in sub-clan Mas, and the frfth
sub-clan Keniten. The fourth wife from vras tcianvar-outif
**
;ft,T#ru'il;#51t15rffi?tl.il'h:-;l"pd,fi;1tf::::*::,'95,:'r:ffl1**:*:"ftt"11ffi'ffi
"lt.
30
www.lrste.org
Ifltl
ffifi
descended Brahmin
*b-:tl_p."qpan (Bek, 1959; Gingsir
,2OOA).
af1'-""t J.,"od" protein, so it does not
ffi::,:,f,_.::":j^1,1"-"f,rNA.ui"t
Microsaterrite s"o"ii" markers rr;;
i""r rr"J'ffi;1T""k;",il"TlJl:
hn'
n rcrcby it is goJi io ue empmyeJ;;;;,;;G;"Tff#il1;#1,:ll,.J
rlff ?,Xt
;L,r".,.: i ;sl;j. rjiri.,,, at, tee6;
:'Y
H DNA
;;ffir*,;"X",:":i
:i rt:. :!?!:
markers that are located
ffi.#::#:Xff;*ri::",lrl)
"r,r*"r"*i1i
ji:f "*i"ri,""-g'J"rsai"*,h"-,i,""i"_r,",arebasedon
l[ffir.Ean]_H:.,,::::::
trur&
(bride) move and ri*
to th" -ui.1brid"g.o"il rr""r" .,,fl*|f,"jfl:"?H;
nrir
d- ffi61@r.
cbromosom-y markers rrur u"",
determine genetic flows between
caste
D.rurcsc society
Balinese
socretv tx*rr"- i-"i.,ioosl
et al., "r.a_to
2005) *a
and for genialogical
oene,r^-inor groups
,._^ or
-r
-$Trt:1
^*
clans
in
et at.,ZOOO;
3]: ry*,
tunitha
eia't.:;;i;;
?Ji*:'Jj[i,i;ii*".Brahminsub-crant"3:]rh,-uaruaba,
ffi#ffi
DYslg,
m" il
rh r-",il;;;.'.o*rerr
," ^-,^Io.To:1T3-J
;iil;:,frf$?"ii,ll,lft nrys:so,
resrtts were re-corded and
a-.{ used
r,oo,r +^
nlarkers,
ffi:i:3*
"*r"ifi"
molecular marker microsateuite y-chromosomar
DNA fiom June
ffi3l:|'j,]:::"t'nt
,E nam
,h
mrne
s, nom
from r ^,"1
tv X|ff:siv1
r
;amrting
;;:ffi
,E:::;rlr",,H1:Iil:,fi:r,1il:.:ff
method,
b;;J;;;ri,t"s people of
?:ip:.Ti 1d
frcvolunteers.a"g*r"rrnr"."u".,r""r,'ffi
f"l.rllml ",1], :,:: I |e. :t,,r::rum
'ft;"*Xffi
"i
Siwa
mucosa ceil was swab
using sterilized
il#?"".:::,T::;il"ilr:ffi:X*:l
I rifr coho I prec
mT":i"'i:1":1j,;1f
o:r#f
DIa, ::::-";::-"-::Triprtrvasextractedusingphenor;;;;t, ;,:. ;;;iiliil ?# ililil:$.H tr rp"Tffii
:
;ili;i;;'
rorr, r, Dys 0, Dys 5 and Dy
n s TL-f
cl.Ies in "li:U;::::,lf
) rr, l
52-55'c annearing- iemferatures, then
visuarrr"n'#tij,'j;'?"'rfi::tl;,*:
6yo potvacilamide ger (pAGE) runnins in r ro r,^rr
ffiikT3..Y:^y::'":iropn:tj'^i;
DNArypingwasdetermin"auvpi"t,i"g;""#;::"fr
ar
i
p i tat
i
3e
lirru-
r
2001). The genetic
htr
3e
S
3es
:i'J"^fiTlrTffi:r#;f,l:X
_|il;ff
ai".i.iiy .,ur'""i""i""a foilowing
parra et ar., (1999).
hqr-r ce[s
rd
fir*--*."qr
ffi#
samples were collected from
mal-e Siwa Brahmin clan. Those
were collected from
otter eijht regencies i, e"ii,-r;"f,
r-rngu;, iil.gk ng, Bangri,
Gianyar, Badung,
and Bulelens u"ro11"ut"lv,
i;;'t';iJ., sub-crir
,
therefore the samples
""riJ;;;because,
2e rrom manuaba,
r rrom Keniren and
*tl:;:,:**:lt.tfu[f1fem1uh,
#;l'ilTJl;',1,'"'it#ffi ;ll;i:il5"T1?n1
r
F,r*or55volunte"'p."u""a,';ilffi
min in Bali.
fl
ry
UX=
fu
0f
rntnownJ,rtE
r-
dl
55 buccal cell samples collected,
two of them leaked on the tilting process,
therefore only 53 samples
amprined in two primers out orrour
ErililDFrs emploved, which
were not showing uoy
i,
#:;*
ffi*T#[i".];ffi1';"X:i:*:,,:j":*i::i:1"-'1111"
t*i
"1";;;;J;Htr&T:1i
31
yiri:
Joumal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225493X (Online)
Vol.4,
No.l,20l4
,ffiffi
ffiil
::::::\ ::
) W
MYffi
ffi*ffi
ffi*ry
tr
u
siit*
E
&
W
&i.
ffi&
* **m*"
fiffiM*
!
il*
t
zffi
zi H * * ffiffi#r
--' ffi
,*
::ffi
!'
ffiw
ffi[
{r
,&S
0t6}{6.{
,{t
}t
lrlr
Figure l. Amplificauon results and electrogram of A: locus DYS19; B: locus DYS390, C:
locus DYS393, and D: locus DYS395. Note: L: DNA ladder (from l00bp). The number on
each tract is the sample sizes. The blank tract is the sample that was fails to be amplified.
The allele sizes of an amplicon were expressed as a set of numbers of nucleotide. Allele size of each locus and
its frequency are presented in Table 2. There were eight alleles found from all of the primer used. One of them
was monomorphic in DYS19 locus, and polymorphic with three allele sizes were found in DyS390 (203,207
and2ll bp), and two allele sizes were found in DYS393 (129 and 133 bp) and DYS395 (127 and l3l bp).
Table2. Locus. Alelle size and allele
Locus
Alelle size (base oair/bo)
Frequancv
DYS19
200
1.00
DYS390
203
0,38
207
DYS393
DYS395
211
0,58
0.04
129
0,96
133
0.04
0,96
0,04
127
l3l
Geneticdiversitywasvariedoneachlocus(Table3).Therrigtr@foundinDYS390
locus and the lowest (0.00) was found in DYSI9 locus, with mean diversity of 0.267 + 0.023.
Table 3.. Genetic
Uenetrc di
dlversl ofeach locus
Locus
Diversiw + SE
DYSI9
0,00 + 0,00
DYS390
DYS303
DYS395
Mean
0,782+0,026
0,143 +0,034
0.143 + 0.034
0,267 +0.023
This research was founded six haplotype based on alleles combination for four loci (DYSI9,DYS390,DYS393
and DYS395), there are haplotype no 1 to 6 is presented at table 4. The haplotype 2 owning highest frequency
32
d
Healthcare
l[S{ U5{93X
www.iiste.org
(Ontine)
t$l3l
ffi[
itt\'12w'207,129,r27 bp) 0.53s folowed
by haploype no
f d oo 6 u/ith each frequency are 0.19.
U+ttype' alelles coritbinations, frequency and the distribution
*own
zub-clan
(20a,203,r2g,r27) 0.3g4
of sub-clan of Balinese Siwa
Brahmin
f,ryFtaplotp", Iod@q:
= Kmuh, Manb= Manuaba, Kenie
r
Freouencv
---"";-.,
Keniten, and-
frrs 6at there was no Patapan sub-clan of Siwa Brahmin found
in this study. Based on the
irir,artlra
uv e"[?leJt;;; that regarized to be a
siwa
:3pf:r"1,?:qlf*
uely4 sub-clans, those are sub-clan ",.it,*
Kemenuir, Mauuaba, ["rri,*
""jirr"r";fifi;:"rH.H#;
}!ft"ll,:r;:"
Mu* sub-clan.
""ip,""r"il""uJ*u,uor.,, but they might be
rhis is,*",r,"i r,"iil#."ii:";fiT*';ir1'tXlil.t,}1"j[L,ffr,#:
"::"*1 Hy_","_"::r^f-:,"rv_aia
*ancetves
^
ryks
amplified using-4 pair ofprimers (DySl9, Dys390,
Dys393 dan DyS395), one sample was
o,e to the rai,ure in sample
due to mutation occurred on the prr-o'rit"
which is
a
$i;;:'i1,.L,y
Ht?XX;3,f"'::"i::::::x****:'*
,"f..J;;;ilffii: ifirftf:fiT}:f
of alleles varied among
loci' Eight variety of alleles were found, which the
highest frequency (1.0)
rg9!o. rhis means tr,"iir,".'*,s no mutation
occurred since
Ir?Illrrl:::'jy::T,.,:g:1*li,"f
father, Dang Hvang Nirartha. This
,ffi
k
aneri *u,
"o*ooro;;';;;;:#tH:ff:tffiil,tT
-e
pr,:,! r the worrd (Hammer and Horai,
liz-Linares et at. tee6;.-Harmer
ffijH:.'2n','it:2:
3,!::':)*,::'.:'*-;";;;;;
,i.,
tsitl.
rhe aueleif ffi;: ["rff'[fr#ff';l*H#]
"i
frT*::".t"tt"r"::"(r;jr]:_l"yrj-r^ljo,:u)-":1"nslI]
ia arrnost every caste or sociar group in india (Rama rose]"."]p.o*ry. rhe arrere or207bp wal
;i."i1liY9ii;'iil;j"1"1#j"
&e earlier study in other BalineJe cian
"; thar the highest frequency:::y:"iry;;
6ayu slr"r.rlirrra
of alrere in
2llbp (Junitha ai