THE SYMBOLS OF GENDER-STEREOTYPE IN HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN’S THE LITTLE MERMAID SKRIPSI
THE SYMBOLS OF GENDER-STEREOTYPE IN HANS
CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN’S THE LITTLE MERMAID
SKRIPSI
BY:
JEPRI ALI SAIFUL
NIM: 20101111043
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA
JUNE 2014
THE SYMBOLS OF GENDER-STEREOTYPE IN HANS
CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN’S THE LITTLE MERMAID
SKRIPSI
Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar
SARJANA PENDIDIKAN
JEPRI ALI SAIFUL
20101111043
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS
FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURABAYA
JUNI 2014 Skripsi yang ditulis oleh Jepri Ali Saiful ini telah disetujui pada tanggal 20 Juni 2014 untuk diujikan tanggal 21 Juni 2014 Dosen Pembimning Tanda Tangan Tanggal I.
Dra. Mas‟ulah, MA …………………… ……………..
II. Ari Setyorini, S.S, MA ................................. ........................
Mengetahui: Ketua Program Studi, Linda Mayasari, S. Pd, M. Pd. Skripsi ini telah diuji dan dinyatakan sah oleh Panitia Ujian Tingkat Sarjana (S-1) Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar SARJANA PENDIDIKAN, Pada tanggal 21 Juni 2014 Dosen Penguji:
1. Ari Setyorini,S.S, MA (……………………………….)
2. Ameria Wijaya, S.S, M.Pd (……………………………….)
3. Adam Damanhuri, S.S, M.Hum (……………………………….)
Mengetahui: Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya Dekan,
Dr. M. Ridlwan, M.Pd Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : Jepri Ali Saiful NIM : 20101111043 Jurusan/ Program Studi : Bahasa Inggris Fakultas : Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa skripsi (tugas akhir) yang saya tulis ini benar
- – benar merupakan hasil karya sendiri, bukan merupakan pengambilalihan, tulisan atau pikiran orang lain yang saya akui sebagai hasil tulisan atau pikiran saya sendiri. Apabila dikemudian hari terbukti atau dapat dibuktikan bahwa skripsi ini hasil jiplakan, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut sesuai peraturan yang berlaku.
Surabaya, 20 Juni 2014 Yang membuat pernyataan,
(Jepri Ali Saiful)
MOTTO
“I will always uphold my educating philosophy at any activity of my own; Mendidik dengan ikhlas, disiplin, kreatif dan progresif ”
DEDICATION
This paper is dedicated to the following people:
1. My beloved grandmother, Alm. Sagimah
2. My beloved parents, Supriono and Sarilah
3. My beloved brother and sister, Samporno and Sundari
4. My beloved uncle and aunt, Anwar and Marwah
5. My all other family
6. My bosom friend, Windy Citra Negara
7. My lovely colleagues in Pusat Bahasa UMSurabaya
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, first of all, I would like to thank to Allah SWT, the almighty, who always leads and provides blessing and guidance to me, I am thus able to finish the paper entitled “THE SYMBOLS OF GENDER-STEREOTYPE IN HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN‟S THE LITTLE MERMAID”.
I do realize that this paper would not be finished and completed without the guidance of the people whom I owe a great deal of supports, motivations, and suggestions. I would like to express my sincere thanks to: 1.
Dr. M. Ridlwan, M.Pd as the Dean of college the Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya.
2. Linda Mayasari, M.Pd as the Chair Person of English Education Program.
3. Dra. Mas‟ulah, MA and Ari Setyorini, S.S, MA are the first and second consultants who have given their times and useful corrections and suggestions in writing of this study.
4. All lectures of English Department who gave me the worthy knowledge.
5. My beloved grandmother and parents. Thank you very much for loves, affections, cares, supports, motivations, and prays. You are the greatest gift I ever had.
6. My beloved uncle and aunt, thank you for caring and giving pray and love and all of my friends in Tengkurep group and in my class. Thanks for being my good friends.
Finally, I do expect that it will be useful not only for me but also for the readers. Any critics and suggestions from the readers for the improvement of this paper will be fully appreciated.
Surabaya, 20 June 2014 The Researcher
Jepri Ali Saiful
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MOTTO .................................................................................................... vii DEDICATION ........................................................................................ viii
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………… ... ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................... x TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................. 1
1.1 The Background of the Research .................................................... 1
1.2 Questions of the Research ............................................................... 5
1.3 Objectives of the Research .............................................................. 5
1.4 Significance of the Research ........................................................... 6
1.5 Scope and Limitation ..................................................................... 6
1.6 Definition of Special Terms ............................................................. 7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ........................... 9
2.1 Literature ......................................................................................... 9
2.2 Fairy Tale ....................................................................................... 10
2.3 Gender-Stereotype .......................................................................... 13
2.4 Symbol ........................................................................................... 15
2.4.1 Three Effects in Symbolism ............................................... 16
2.4.2 Some Criteria in Interpretive Analysis Symbolic Meanings ............................................................................ 17
2.4.3 Some Characteristics of the Symbols Related to
The Concept of Masculinity and Femininity in Ancient Times .................................................................. 18
2.4.4 Review of Previous Works .................................................. 18
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH ..................................... 21
3.1 The Nature of the Research ............................................................ 21
3.2 The Source of the Data ................................................................... 23
3.2.1 The Main Data.................................................................... 23
3.2.2 The Supporting Data .......................................................... 23
3.3 The Data ......................................................................................... 23
3.4 The Selection of the Data .............................................................. 24
3.5 The Data Analysis .......................................................................... 25
3.6 The Stages of the Research ............................................................ 27
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS .......................................... 28
4.1 The Symbols of Gender-Stereotype and Their Most
Possible Meaning Found in Hans Christian An dersen‟s
The Little Mermaid ........................................................................ 29
4.1.1 The Symbols of Masculinity ................................................. 29
4.1.1.1 King ...................................................................... 30
4.1.1.2 Knife ..................................................................... 36
4.1.1.3 Sword .................................................................... 43
4.1.2 The Symbols of Femininity .................................................. 48
4.1.2.1 The Mermaid or Siren ........................................... 49
4.1.2.2 Long Hair .............................................................. 54
4.1.2.3 Oyster .................................................................... 59