VOIP Technology and the comparison of its infrastucture: Satellite, Wimax, Fiber Optic - Binus e-Thesis

  

INTERNATIONAL UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM

BINA NUSANTARA UNIVERSITY

  _______________________________________________________________________ Major Computer Science

  Sarjana Komputer Thesis Semester [Even] year 2007

  

VOIP TECHNOLOGY AND THE COMPARISON OF ITS INFRASTRUCTURE:

SATELLITE, WIMAX, FIBER OPTIC

Ibnu Aliguna (0700702533)

  Abstract

  This thesis discuss about doing research of VoIP system and its infrastructure which are fiber optic, satellite and WiMAX. In this thesis, there will be a comparison between PSTN system and VoIP system. There is also a comparison for their infrastructure, which are fiber optic, satellite and WiMAX.

  In this thesis, I do the research in one of IT companies in Indonesia, which is PT Teleakses Solusindo. Furthermore, I do the research on one of PT Teleakses Solusindo’s project which is installing VoIP system in PT Telecom Malaysia. Previously, PT Telecom Malaysia used PSTN system for communication purpose to Hong Kong. There are some problems regarding the previous PSTN system, which are cost, limitation communication channel. In the earlier, satellite infrastructure is used for linking Malaysia and Hong Kong. The satellite infrastructure has some problems which are the voice quality considered unsatisfied and also the delay during conversation. PT Telecom Malaysia thought forward to upgrade their system, so their business can run effectively and efficiently. Later, PT Teleakses Solusindo was trusted to find the best solution for PT Telecom Malaysia. PT Teleakses Solusindo proposed a solution which is installing VoIP system.

  In this thesis, I will analyze PT Telecom Malaysia’s problem and the solution proposed by PT Teleakses Solusindo. Along with the migration from PSTN to VoIP, the satellite infrastructure is replaced by fiber optic infrastructure. This thesis will also analyze fiber optic infrastructure which is used to replace the previous satellite infrastructure.

  In conclusion, for the connection to Hong Kong, PT Telecom Malaysia used VoIP technology for replacing the PSTN technology and fiber optic infrastructure is used for replacing the satellite infrastructure. The concrete result is the 85 % cost reduction charged to customer and the delay could be decreased.

  Keywords VoIP, PSTN, Fiber Optic, Satellite, WiMAX.

  

PREFACE

  I would like to praise our God for His blessings and guidance so that the writer can finish this thesis right on schedule with a good outcome. This thesis that covers research of VoIP system and the comparison of its infrastructure: Fiber Optic, Satellite and WiMAX, is a mandatory to graduate and obtain Sarjana Komputer degree majoring in Computer Science.

  The objective of this thesis is to implement what the writer has learnt during his study in Bina Nusantara University.

• My family that always supports me.
• Bina Nusantara University as our main place for getting knowledge within these past four years.
• Ir. Tri A. Budiono. M.I.T. as the Head of Computer Science International Undergraduate Program.
• Finally, I thank to Mr Adrianus Haryo as my supervisor who has guide me and support me until the final of this thesis.

  Jakarta, 2

  nd

  August 2007 Author

  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  COVER PAGE................................................................................................................................. i

TITLE PAGE ...................................................................................................................................ii

  

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................1

  2.2.2.5 Telephones..............................................................................................................15

  2.5.1 Satellite Components .....................................................................................................24

  2.5 Satellite Technology.............................................................................................................23

  2.4 ISDN .....................................................................................................................................23

  2.3.4.2 Objectives of QoS...................................................................................................23

  2.3.4.1 Factors that Affect Voice Quality...........................................................................21

  2.3.4 VoIP Quality of Services (QoS) ....................................................................................21

  2.3.3 VoIP Protocol................................................................................................................20

  2.3.2.4 VoIP Coders ...........................................................................................................19

  2.3.2.3 VoIP Gateways .......................................................................................................18

  2.3.2.2 IP PBXs or IP Telephony Servers ..........................................................................17

  2.3.2.1 IP phones ................................................................................................................16

  2.3.2 VoIP Components .........................................................................................................16

  2.3.1 How VoIP Works ..........................................................................................................15

  2.3 VoIP technology...................................................................................................................15

  2.2.2.4 PSTN Signaling ......................................................................................................13

  1.1 Background .......................................................................................................................1

  CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL ...................................................................................................iii PREFACE......................................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ vi LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................... x

  2.2.2.2 PSTN Switches .......................................................................................................11

  2.2.2.1 Voice Encoding ......................................................................................................11

  2.2.2 PSTN Components ........................................................................................................10

  2.2.1 How PSTN Works ...........................................................................................................9

  2.2 PSTN Communication Model................................................................................................9

  2.1.1 OSI Layer ........................................................................................................................7

  2.1 Data Communication..............................................................................................................6

  

CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATION ........................................................................6

  1.6 Structure ...........................................................................................................................4

  1.5 Aims and Benefits ............................................................................................................3

  1.4 Scope ................................................................................................................................3

  1.3 Proposed Approach ..........................................................................................................3

  1.2 Perceived Problem............................................................................................................2

  2.2.2.3 PBXs .......................................................................................................................12

  2.5.2 How Satellite Works......................................................................................................25

  2.5.2.1 Transponder ............................................................................................................26

  2.3.2.2 Satellite DISH.........................................................................................................26

  2.5.3 SS7 / C7 Signaling.........................................................................................................27

  2.5.4 Satellite Advantages ......................................................................................................27

  2.5.5 Satellite Disadvantages..................................................................................................28

  2.6 WiMax Technology..............................................................................................................28

  2.6.1 How WiMAX Works ....................................................................................................28

  2.6.2 WiMax Components......................................................................................................29

  2.6.3 WiMAX Advantages .....................................................................................................30

  2.6.4 WiMAX Disadvantages.................................................................................................30

  2.7 Fiber Optic Technology........................................................................................................31

  2.7.1 How Fiber Optic Works ................................................................................................31

  2.7.1.1 Dopant ....................................................................................................................32

  2.7.2 Fiber Optic Components................................................................................................32

  2.7.3 Fiber Optic Advantages .................................................................................................33

  2.7.3.1 Bandwidth...............................................................................................................34

  2.7.4 Fiber Optic Disadvantages ............................................................................................34

  

CHAPTER 3 PROBLEM ANALYSIS .......................................................................................35

  3.1 Organizational Background ..................................................................................................35

  3.1.1 PT Teleakses Solusindo Organizational Background ...................................................35

  3.1.2 PT Telecom Malaysia Organizational Background ......................................................37

  3.2 Organizational Structure.......................................................................................................38

  3.2.1 PT Teleakses Solusindo Organizational Structure ........................................................38

  3.2.2 PT Telecom Malaysia Organizational Structure ...........................................................40

  3.3 Making an International Direct Call.....................................................................................41

  3.3.1 International Direct Calling ...........................................................................................42

  3.4 Network Infrastructure .........................................................................................................42

  3.4.1 Previous Network Infrastructure ...................................................................................42

  3.4.2 Previous PSTN problem................................................................................................44

  3.4.2.1 Infrastructure Problem............................................................................................45

  

CHAPTER 4 SOLUTION DESIGN ...........................................................................................46

  4.1 Previous Network Infrastructure ....................................................................................46

  4.2 Proposed Network Infrastructure Solution...........................................................................47

  4.2.1 VoIP Benefits ................................................................................................................47

  4.2.1.1 Cost Savings ...........................................................................................................47

  4.2.1.2 Long-Distance Service Savings..............................................................................48

  4.2.1.3 Single Network Infrastructure Savings ..................................................................50

  4.2.1.4 Productivity Savings...............................................................................................51

  4.3 Proposed Solution for Limitation Communication Channel..........................................55

  4.4 Proposed Solution for Satellite infrastructure Problem..................................................55

  

CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF PROBLEM AND SOLUTION .................................................56

  5.1 Technical Point of View.......................................................................................................56

  5.1.1 Fiber Optic .....................................................................................................................56

  5.1.1.1 Fiber Optic Signalling ............................................................................................56

  5.1.1.2 Fiber Optic Development .......................................................................................58

  5.1.1.3 Fiber Optic Capacity...............................................................................................58

  5.1.2 Satellite Infrastructure ...................................................................................................59

  5.3.2 Cost that will be charged to customers ..........................................................................69

  7.2 Recommendation..................................................................................................................79

  7.1 Conclusion............................................................................................................................78

  

CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ..................................................78

  6.5 Things that can be learned during doing thesis ....................................................................76

  6.4 Learning about Building the optimized solution..................................................................76

  6.3 PT Telecom Malaysia new system.......................................................................................74

  6.2 PT Telecom Malaysia previous system................................................................................73

  6.1 Discussion Summary............................................................................................................73

  

CHAPTER 6 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................73

  5.3.1 Cost of VoIP devices and PSTN devices ......................................................................67

  5.1.2.1 Satellite Signaling...................................................................................................59

  5.3 Economical Point of View....................................................................................................67

  5.2 Solution for Infrastructure ....................................................................................................65

  5.1.3.4 WiMAX Limitation................................................................................................64

  5.1.3.3 WiMAX Capacity...................................................................................................64

  5.1.3.2 WiMAX Development ...........................................................................................63

  5.1.3.1 WiMAX Signalling ................................................................................................62

  5.1.3 WiMAX Infrastructure ..................................................................................................62

  5.1.2.4 Satellite Problem ....................................................................................................62

  5.1.2.3 Satellite Capacity....................................................................................................61

  5.1.2.2 Satellite development .............................................................................................60

  

REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................80

CURRICULUM VITAE ..............................................................................................................85

LIST OF FIGURES

  Figure 2. 1 Communication Model[5] ..............................................................................................6 Figure 2. 2 The Six Steps in Typical Telephone Call[7] ................................................................10 Figure 2. 3 Local and Tandem Switches in PSTN System [7] .......................................................12 Figure 2. 4 PSTN uses SS7 Networks for Signaling [7] ................................................................14 Figure 2. 5 Voip Network and Its Typical Component [7] ............................................................18 Figure 2. 6 VoIP Network with Its VoIP Gateways Connected to the PSTN [7] ..........................19 Figure 2. 7 Some of the encoding standards by International Telecommunications Union (ITU) [13] .................................................................................................................................................20 Figure 2. 8 How Satellite Works [18] ............................................................................................25 Figure 2. 9 Point to Point Duplex Transmission [28].....................................................................26 Figure 2. 10 Satellite DISH[31]......................................................................................................27 Figure 2. 11 How WiMAX works [21] ..........................................................................................29 Figure 2. 12 How Fiber Optic Works [23] .....................................................................................32 Figure 2. 13 Cut away of a fiber optic cable [25]...........................................................................33 Figure 3. 1 The Organizational Structure of PT Teleakses Solusindo ...........................................39 Figure 3. 2 The Organizational Structure of PT Telecom Malaysia ..............................................40 Figure 3. 3 Making an International Direct Call from PT Telecom Malaysia [30]........................41 Figure 3. 4 Making an International Direct Call from Other Operator [30]...................................41 Figure 3. 5 PT Telcom Malaysia PSTN Infrastructure...................................................................43 Figure 4. 1 An Illustration of a Toll Bypass in VoIP System [7] ...................................................49 Figure 4. 2 PT Telecom Malaysia’s VoIP Infrastructure ...............................................................53 Figure 5. 1 The Uplink and Downlink Bandwidth of Commercial Satellite Communication [38]61

Figure 5.2 The components in WiMAX infrastructure [40]...........................................................64Figure 6.1 PT Telcom Malaysia PSTN Infrastructure....................................................................73Figure 6.2 PT Telcom Malaysia VoIP Infrastructure .....................................................................76

LIST OF TABLES

  Table 3. 1 Call Rate of Making a Long-distance Call from Malaysia to Hongkong using PSTN system.............................................................................................................................................44

Table 5.1 Fiber Types and Typical Specifications [34] .................................................................57Table 5.2 The Users’s Capacity of Fiber Optic Cable [46] ............................................................59Table 5.3 Annual Gross Profit for long distance call from Malaysia to 1 country ........................69Table 5.4 Comparison of Annual Gross Profit for 1 Channel Between Using PSTN and VoIP ...71Table 5.5 Call Rate of Making a Long-distance Call from Malaysia to Hongkong using VoIP system .............................................................................................................................................72

  Table 6. 1 Call Rate of Making a Long-distance Call from Malaysia to Hongkong using VoIP and PSTN system ..................................................................................................................................75