PROS Krismiyati Prototypical feature Full text
ｔｈｅｾ＠
［ｾＣ
ｾ＠
INTERNATIONAL
"'f':a,. SEMINAR 2011
TsATVA WACANA CHRISTIAN UN ｬｖｉＡｾ＠
Prototypical Feature Discovery: A
Method for Teaching Scientific Reading
- ----- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Krlsmlyatl
Satya Wacana Christian University
krismi@staff.uksw .edu
ABSTRACT
Scientific reading could not be separated from post graduate students' academic life. They
need to read scientific articles to support their study especially in accessing resources for their
academic writing assignment. In order to effectively read in English of their specialization, students
need to be aware of the features of the articles in their own field. This paper tries to propose the
ｩｭｰｬ･ｾｮｴ｡ｯ＠
of one method useful for scientific reading i.e . prototypical features discovery. This
has been carried out by involving 15 graduate students of Information System during their pregraduate session using journal articles in Information Technology in EFL environment. The students
are involved in discovering the features of articles they read and implement their obtained
knowledge about research articles to analyze and screen the important information they need. After
they have gone through processes of discovery then they practice their skill by reading journal or
the features they have
research articles and investigate whether or not those articles owns _
discovered so far. This process and educational approach is quite important in introducing students
to scientific reading as It focuses not only to the end product but also to the process. This method is
successful enough in teaching scientific reading to graduate students. They could recognize the
features of research article and proves that it is helpful for their learning process as they are going to
the process of discovering the features even if they are exposed to a new research article.
Key words: scientific reading, research article, prototypical structure, educational approach.
INTRODUCTION
Scientific reading for graduate students is their day to day consumption, in a sense that their
life could not be separated from this aspect. One of their reasons why they have to read scientific
texts is that they need to keep them updated with the latest knowledge of their field. On top of that,
they need to attach themselves with the discourse community they belong (Swales, 1990). Another
reason they need to access scientific resources in their field is that they need it to support their
study. This study tries to implement a method called prototypical features discovery in scientific
reading, especi;lly research article. Graduate students who participate in this study are graduate
students majoring in Information System. They participate in this study during their pre-graduate
session. The IT department expects their graduate students to be able to refer their work later on to
the scientific publication. The publication they need to refer to is often published in English, as
"English is a language of international scholarship and research" (Fiowerdew, 1999).
The varied background of the students involved is a quite a challenge, some of them have
accounting background, management background, even from finance or development studies. From
the informal interview done, most of them are not familiar yet with publication in English. They also
194
Teacher Education in Era of World Englishes, November 21-22, 2011, UKSW
ｔｈｅｾ＠
-";'Daaiized sociCII pro""see.
ｾ＠
.. Bijloer"a (1995} pnnciplnpfOYicW awr of.idqls
for IIOcic-tedmical rnear;n to 1trive for, in prac:tice Uwy
ｩｬｴｵｳｭｾ･＠
tensions ｴｯｾ＠
ｭ｡ｮｧｾ＠
In w resean:h ｾＮ＠
Each SPKi1k rh-reticel approach U!led Cor srudyina
bruaclband anJ ｾ｡｣ｨ＠
1prdCic study will only be able to
ｮｳ＠
rhe ｬＮＢｗｔｾｮ＠
lheorizing on lT in tb.e IT rnean:b.litaMure,
Oriikowslcl and Iacono (200 I) au!pbed eleiating HUdiea
btl1ed Oil their central theorenc.I !oc=u•, for example on
the r;ontat widi.ID wbid:l IT opennes, on the effects of IT
deYelopment and u.., ｾＺ＾ｲｯｮ＠
the inlormation-proccnins
capabilities of IT as ｾ･ｰ｡ｲｴ｣ｬ＠
li:vm ift ｲｯｮｬ･ｾｴ＠
ur u1e.
-
Result and Discussion
--makf!it unelear hO\v
................,""""'"""'""',...,.__ -
to best ｣ｭ･ｮｾ＠
._eoue. Second, il:"
remains unc::ear exactl)' ｷｨ･ｾ＠
broadband and mobile
:onnectiviry adds value (to users and providen). Third,
it ｩＱｾ｡ｲ＠
how indUSIJ)' ｰｩ｡ｾＢＧ＠
ohould lliign lhemselvn.
IIIUI
(with whom andfbrwhat), that ir. huw, in wbat ｷ｡ＩＧｾ＠
fur '11.-bat pi1I1IOIR should COI'Itent dewlopers, app&.-atiala
ｾｬｯｰ･Ｌ＠
ｾ＠
p!:O\'Idln ｾｮ､＠
dmc:e m.onufac:l\lftn
allp dtcDRlvesi
The lmdrutional pcnpeal\-e alto hilhlilbD that gon:m-
!'fiSliturM.rtiJI ｾｴｍｦ＠
Byiastitut.io1111l pcnpeca... it is meant one tlun ｣Ｚｾ＠
the intcrnta and iuues of ｦｯｲｭｴｾｬ＠
IIOCial cxpni.rario1111
(such u ｾＮ＠
,...W.r.d DZOpO!ia, &Widards-
-m, bodies mel Industry IIJVIIpll, 111:.) (Scan, 200 I).
ＭＮｬＢＧｾＨ｢｡ｰｳＴｩｶ･＠
C'.enainly ralang an lnstirutlonat ｾ＠
d.ws not
mem that it is ｢･ｬｾ､＠
thee orpnizatiDDS haw a siuiUiar
or evt!n common viCOWJ. Some ha•-e !UJUe-:1 that elcisrin1
m.ritulional &ttucturn md participants "iU br radinll)·
to) ｢ｲｬ［｜ＸｾＱ＠
IIIICe laa CO!Ictm tbrbro&dhar.d lllld mobile u.noforpniatiooalappllc;rniollf (and computiOJ ｩｬｦｲ｡ｳｵ｣ｴｾｗＩＮ＠
For
aampJe. ChristenHn (2001) found that acceu coupled
wim rao!Miir)· ludl co ｾｴｩ｣Ｚ＠
incrcaes iD
Deed
!or coardinating &mcllll woriten. Lee and s.wy. (2002)
theoriud duu wcxk will nry by needs f'or eootdination
and access to ICTs. Dahlbom and WunberJ {2000)
pointlrd ID 1he cbaqa io both tiM rypn of infomwion
I)'Slmts and the ｉＩｾ＠
in ...-IUch the)' win be 111td. Both
Pixmrr (2002) and Smith tt ,lJ. (2002) noa!d that QIPIIi·
Z!ltions ,.i.JJ ｢･ｲｯｭｾ＠
incnaslnJ)y c:oncemed ,.;rb security
and pri.,.c:y, that is who is on their network ｵｾｯＱ＠
their
w
;:: ｲｯｭｾ＠
ｭｑｵｲ｣ｬ｡､ｾ＠
chrillllQWUQIIUild
Teacher Education in Era of World Engllshes, November 21-22, 2011, UKSW
199
. INTERNATlONAL
..._ SEMINAR 2011
......SAT I'* INACAHA OUIISllAN
iDI:rcued DftWodr. ｣Ｚｾ＠
1118}' brias abow.
1111
-
(200l) md Ha.ddllll .z .J. (2001) DOted. there is an
iaCftllliog leftl of ､Ｍｩｾ｡ｴｯｮ＠
or consumption of
broadband and mobile ac:cru in -...ork and life without "
great dall of anention to how this i$ being done.
(mel the powjbility oC
IDDbillty)
ｔｾｬｯｭＧ＠
and lnfruti'Ucture luun
tecllnolom' and iDfrull'UCtW'e
Tbill..aivn ｢ｲｩ･ｦｬｹｾ＠
iuucs iD ｲｾｮｴ＠
bro..sbllllli ｾＭ
While a full review
of all broadband tl!diDOiou ,_III'Cb is outlicle the ｡｣Ｚｯｾ＠
t!ldmpapcr, !he paper will D")' ro provide a&CX:io-tcclmkal
pcnpective on ..ufor ropla In recent I'HMR:h.
From • aocio-w:ec:IIDH:alpcnpcctiw dac liaka bctw•n
'technological' iuun (aucb u ｯ［ｭｾｬ＠
power,
reli.bility and nctwortt pcrformence) lnd 'tcdel' ltsut:a
(such &5 the conta:t o( deliln md use, the effects of'
ｴ･ｾ＠
dcplorman .ad Ule marclie• of .peeiSc
agenr..} should ｡ｬｷｊｾｙｓ＠
be in the forqroand. TeelvloLo11
and lnfruttuctllft Rlelrch fs tbererore OlllRJlind Into
·\lo:
throee c.tqorin dcpenclin1 on the 5pec:i5city of chc use
context .,wmcd mthe researc:h. Applications research
ｾ＠
- -·
-;:. Ｎｾ｡＠
rl
tec:bnollll)' dult cAn. be Ａｾｊ･､＠
for ｩｭｰｫｾｉｕ［｣＠
I ｳ ｹ｡ｾＮ＠
=
Bnwfhaec! - m izMszipa:a tile pl'Opalia ..lndedafclifrllml imp'
....... ｾ＠
dcpcndiltg
Oil ､ｩ･ＭＢｾ
-te abom: haw broedbmcl--'s
will be manapd and used. One m$r lmpleme.ntadon
..,, ..,.
•r]; ｾ＠
ｬＧｾＮｦｩＺＬ｟ｃｴｎｉＡｄｏｐｊｨｮｵｑｌ＠
tec:baalavil• ｾ｡､ｬｩ･ｱ｢ＩＧ＠
ｾ＠
lidla-lG ............... amduda
ｬｃｨ｡､･｜ｊｩｯｵｾｳＬＮｭ＠
or an lntamcdiatc {2..ID) 1tandard IUCh as the General
Packet lt8dio SerYicle ( Cbiana cr lll., 2002). n.. odles._jor ............- il winlea U\N be:hanlov
［ｾＣ
ｾ＠
INTERNATIONAL
"'f':a,. SEMINAR 2011
TsATVA WACANA CHRISTIAN UN ｬｖｉＡｾ＠
Prototypical Feature Discovery: A
Method for Teaching Scientific Reading
- ----- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Krlsmlyatl
Satya Wacana Christian University
krismi@staff.uksw .edu
ABSTRACT
Scientific reading could not be separated from post graduate students' academic life. They
need to read scientific articles to support their study especially in accessing resources for their
academic writing assignment. In order to effectively read in English of their specialization, students
need to be aware of the features of the articles in their own field. This paper tries to propose the
ｩｭｰｬ･ｾｮｴ｡ｯ＠
of one method useful for scientific reading i.e . prototypical features discovery. This
has been carried out by involving 15 graduate students of Information System during their pregraduate session using journal articles in Information Technology in EFL environment. The students
are involved in discovering the features of articles they read and implement their obtained
knowledge about research articles to analyze and screen the important information they need. After
they have gone through processes of discovery then they practice their skill by reading journal or
the features they have
research articles and investigate whether or not those articles owns _
discovered so far. This process and educational approach is quite important in introducing students
to scientific reading as It focuses not only to the end product but also to the process. This method is
successful enough in teaching scientific reading to graduate students. They could recognize the
features of research article and proves that it is helpful for their learning process as they are going to
the process of discovering the features even if they are exposed to a new research article.
Key words: scientific reading, research article, prototypical structure, educational approach.
INTRODUCTION
Scientific reading for graduate students is their day to day consumption, in a sense that their
life could not be separated from this aspect. One of their reasons why they have to read scientific
texts is that they need to keep them updated with the latest knowledge of their field. On top of that,
they need to attach themselves with the discourse community they belong (Swales, 1990). Another
reason they need to access scientific resources in their field is that they need it to support their
study. This study tries to implement a method called prototypical features discovery in scientific
reading, especi;lly research article. Graduate students who participate in this study are graduate
students majoring in Information System. They participate in this study during their pre-graduate
session. The IT department expects their graduate students to be able to refer their work later on to
the scientific publication. The publication they need to refer to is often published in English, as
"English is a language of international scholarship and research" (Fiowerdew, 1999).
The varied background of the students involved is a quite a challenge, some of them have
accounting background, management background, even from finance or development studies. From
the informal interview done, most of them are not familiar yet with publication in English. They also
194
Teacher Education in Era of World Englishes, November 21-22, 2011, UKSW
ｔｈｅｾ＠
-";'Daaiized sociCII pro""see.
ｾ＠
.. Bijloer"a (1995} pnnciplnpfOYicW awr of.idqls
for IIOcic-tedmical rnear;n to 1trive for, in prac:tice Uwy
ｩｬｴｵｳｭｾ･＠
tensions ｴｯｾ＠
ｭ｡ｮｧｾ＠
In w resean:h ｾＮ＠
Each SPKi1k rh-reticel approach U!led Cor srudyina
bruaclband anJ ｾ｡｣ｨ＠
1prdCic study will only be able to
ｮｳ＠
rhe ｬＮＢｗｔｾｮ＠
lheorizing on lT in tb.e IT rnean:b.litaMure,
Oriikowslcl and Iacono (200 I) au!pbed eleiating HUdiea
btl1ed Oil their central theorenc.I !oc=u•, for example on
the r;ontat widi.ID wbid:l IT opennes, on the effects of IT
deYelopment and u.., ｾＺ＾ｲｯｮ＠
the inlormation-proccnins
capabilities of IT as ｾ･ｰ｡ｲｴ｣ｬ＠
li:vm ift ｲｯｮｬ･ｾｴ＠
ur u1e.
-
Result and Discussion
--makf!it unelear hO\v
................,""""'"""'""',...,.__ -
to best ｣ｭ･ｮｾ＠
._eoue. Second, il:"
remains unc::ear exactl)' ｷｨ･ｾ＠
broadband and mobile
:onnectiviry adds value (to users and providen). Third,
it ｩＱｾ｡ｲ＠
how indUSIJ)' ｰｩ｡ｾＢＧ＠
ohould lliign lhemselvn.
IIIUI
(with whom andfbrwhat), that ir. huw, in wbat ｷ｡ＩＧｾ＠
fur '11.-bat pi1I1IOIR should COI'Itent dewlopers, app&.-atiala
ｾｬｯｰ･Ｌ＠
ｾ＠
p!:O\'Idln ｾｮ､＠
dmc:e m.onufac:l\lftn
allp dtcDRlvesi
The lmdrutional pcnpeal\-e alto hilhlilbD that gon:m-
!'fiSliturM.rtiJI ｾｴｍｦ＠
Byiastitut.io1111l pcnpeca... it is meant one tlun ｣Ｚｾ＠
the intcrnta and iuues of ｦｯｲｭｴｾｬ＠
IIOCial cxpni.rario1111
(such u ｾＮ＠
,...W.r.d DZOpO!ia, &Widards-
-m, bodies mel Industry IIJVIIpll, 111:.) (Scan, 200 I).
ＭＮｬＢＧｾＨ｢｡ｰｳＴｩｶ･＠
C'.enainly ralang an lnstirutlonat ｾ＠
d.ws not
mem that it is ｢･ｬｾ､＠
thee orpnizatiDDS haw a siuiUiar
or evt!n common viCOWJ. Some ha•-e !UJUe-:1 that elcisrin1
m.ritulional &ttucturn md participants "iU br radinll)·
to) ｢ｲｬ［｜ＸｾＱ＠
IIIICe laa CO!Ictm tbrbro&dhar.d lllld mobile u.noforpniatiooalappllc;rniollf (and computiOJ ｩｬｦｲ｡ｳｵ｣ｴｾｗＩＮ＠
For
aampJe. ChristenHn (2001) found that acceu coupled
wim rao!Miir)· ludl co ｾｴｩ｣Ｚ＠
incrcaes iD
Deed
!or coardinating &mcllll woriten. Lee and s.wy. (2002)
theoriud duu wcxk will nry by needs f'or eootdination
and access to ICTs. Dahlbom and WunberJ {2000)
pointlrd ID 1he cbaqa io both tiM rypn of infomwion
I)'Slmts and the ｉＩｾ＠
in ...-IUch the)' win be 111td. Both
Pixmrr (2002) and Smith tt ,lJ. (2002) noa!d that QIPIIi·
Z!ltions ,.i.JJ ｢･ｲｯｭｾ＠
incnaslnJ)y c:oncemed ,.;rb security
and pri.,.c:y, that is who is on their network ｵｾｯＱ＠
their
w
;:: ｲｯｭｾ＠
ｭｑｵｲ｣ｬ｡､ｾ＠
chrillllQWUQIIUild
Teacher Education in Era of World Engllshes, November 21-22, 2011, UKSW
199
. INTERNATlONAL
..._ SEMINAR 2011
......SAT I'* INACAHA OUIISllAN
iDI:rcued DftWodr. ｣Ｚｾ＠
1118}' brias abow.
1111
-
(200l) md Ha.ddllll .z .J. (2001) DOted. there is an
iaCftllliog leftl of ､Ｍｩｾ｡ｴｯｮ＠
or consumption of
broadband and mobile ac:cru in -...ork and life without "
great dall of anention to how this i$ being done.
(mel the powjbility oC
IDDbillty)
ｔｾｬｯｭＧ＠
and lnfruti'Ucture luun
tecllnolom' and iDfrull'UCtW'e
Tbill..aivn ｢ｲｩ･ｦｬｹｾ＠
iuucs iD ｲｾｮｴ＠
bro..sbllllli ｾＭ
While a full review
of all broadband tl!diDOiou ,_III'Cb is outlicle the ｡｣Ｚｯｾ＠
t!ldmpapcr, !he paper will D")' ro provide a&CX:io-tcclmkal
pcnpective on ..ufor ropla In recent I'HMR:h.
From • aocio-w:ec:IIDH:alpcnpcctiw dac liaka bctw•n
'technological' iuun (aucb u ｯ［ｭｾｬ＠
power,
reli.bility and nctwortt pcrformence) lnd 'tcdel' ltsut:a
(such &5 the conta:t o( deliln md use, the effects of'
ｴ･ｾ＠
dcplorman .ad Ule marclie• of .peeiSc
agenr..} should ｡ｬｷｊｾｙｓ＠
be in the forqroand. TeelvloLo11
and lnfruttuctllft Rlelrch fs tbererore OlllRJlind Into
·\lo:
throee c.tqorin dcpenclin1 on the 5pec:i5city of chc use
context .,wmcd mthe researc:h. Applications research
ｾ＠
- -·
-;:. Ｎｾ｡＠
rl
tec:bnollll)' dult cAn. be Ａｾｊ･､＠
for ｩｭｰｫｾｉｕ［｣＠
I ｳ ｹ｡ｾＮ＠
=
Bnwfhaec! - m izMszipa:a tile pl'Opalia ..lndedafclifrllml imp'
....... ｾ＠
dcpcndiltg
Oil ､ｩ･ＭＢｾ
-te abom: haw broedbmcl--'s
will be manapd and used. One m$r lmpleme.ntadon
..,, ..,.
•r]; ｾ＠
ｬＧｾＮｦｩＺＬ｟ｃｴｎｉＡｄｏｐｊｨｮｵｑｌ＠
tec:baalavil• ｾ｡､ｬｩ･ｱ｢ＩＧ＠
ｾ＠
lidla-lG ............... amduda
ｬｃｨ｡､･｜ｊｩｯｵｾｳＬＮｭ＠
or an lntamcdiatc {2..ID) 1tandard IUCh as the General
Packet lt8dio SerYicle ( Cbiana cr lll., 2002). n.. odles._jor ............- il winlea U\N be:hanlov