ASFN 2nd 08 RECOFTC Pre2
Se c o nd Me e ting o f the
ASEAN So c ia l Fo re stry Ne two rk
27 to 29 Aug ust 2008, Ba ng ko k
So c ia l Fo re stry ’ s C o ntrib utio n to
Po ve rty Re duc tio n
Fro m status quo to quo vadis
Tho m a s Ente rs
REC O FTC Asso c ia te
Wha t Is REC O FTC ?
Stra te g ic a lly
po sitio ne d b e twe e n
o rg a niza tio ns tha t
im ple m e nt a c tivitie s
in the fie ld (o r the
wo o ds) a nd…
… pure re se a rc h
o rg a niza tio ns tha t
g e ne ra te e m piric a llyb a se d kno wle dg e .
1
A Little Bit o f Histo ry
Ide a b o rn in 1982 a t a se m ina r o n fo re stry e xte nsio n
o rg a nize d b y FAO a nd the Swe dish Inte rna tio na l
De ve lo pm e nt C o o pe ra tio n Ag e nc y (Sida ).
Esta b lishe d in Ma rc h 1987 a s a Tha i na tio na l
institute to pro vide tra ining o n c o m m unity fo re stry.
In 1999, fo rm a l sta tus a s a n inte rna tio na l
o rg a niza tio n with a m a nda te to pro m o te
c o m m unity fo re stry in the Asia - Pa c ific re g io n.
Wha t REC O FTC Do e s?
Inde pe nde nt no t- fo rpro fit inte rna tio na l
o rg a niza tio n
Info rm a tio n c e nte r
C a pa c ity b uilding
C o untry pro je c ts
Ne two rks
Pub lic a tio ns
Re se a rc h
Po lic y a na lysis
2
Ma in The m e s
G o ve rna nc e
Rig hts
Be ne fits
C lim a te C ha ng e
C o nflic t
Ma na g e m e nt
Ma rke ts
Ba c k to Se m a ra ng
So c ia l fo re stry ha s g ive n ho pe fo r a so lutio n
to the pro b le m [the c yc le o f po ve rty a nd
fo re st de g ra da tio n], b y wa y o f pro m o ting
susta ina b le fo re st m a na g e m e nt while
pro spe ring the fo re st c o m m unitie s.
O pe ning a ddre ss
ASO F C ha irm a n
Wa hjudi Wa rdo jo
Ministry o f Fo re stry (Indo ne sia )
3
Ba c k to Se m a ra ng
Fina lly, I wo uld like to e m pha size tha t a b o ve
a ll, the m a in purpo se o f the So c ia l Fo re stry
Pro g ra m [in Indo ne sia ] is to inc re a se the
pro spe rity o f the pe o ple within a nd
surro unding the fo re st, b o th pre se nt a nd
future , a nd a t the sa m e tim e , pre se rving the
fo re st.
Ke yno te a ddre ss
M. Ali Arsya d
Se c re ta ry o f Dire c to ra te G e ne ra l
Ministry o f Fo re stry (Indo ne sia )
Status quo
So c ia l fo re stry g e ne ra te s
inc o m e a nd will do so in the
future , b ut inc o m e g e ne ra tio n
do e s no t ne c e ssa rily re sult in
po ve rty re duc tio n.
Unde r c urre nt ‘ im pe rfe c t’
t’
c o nditio ns so c ia l fo re stry ha s
lim ite d po te ntia l to a ssist in
so c io - e c o no m ic a dva nc e m e nt
o f the po o r a nd to e lim ina te
po ve rty in the re g io n’
n’ s fo re ste d
a re a s.
4
Status quo
Eve n unde r ‘ pe rfe c t’
t’
c o nditio ns fo re sts a nd
fo re stry a re pro b a b ly
o f dim inishing future
im po rta nc e (m ig ra tio n,
shifts in e m plo ym e nt),
a ltho ug h REDD m a y
c ha ng e this.
The re is c o nside ra b le
sc o pe to m a ke so c ia l
fo re stry m o re re le va nt
to po ve rty pro duc tio n,
if we a re se rio us a b o ut
a c hie ving MDG 1 a nd
wo rk to g e the r.
Wha t’ s the e vide nc e ?
A fo re ste r’s dre a m c o m e true (Jiri, Ne pa l)
1978
2005
5
Wha t’ s the e vide nc e ?
C o m m unity infra struc ture im pro ve m e nts funde d
pa rtia lly b y FUG s in Ne p a l (1993/ 1996 to 2004)
Infrastructure
Number
of study
FUGs
Quantity
Contribution of FUGs
Nepalese
rupees
% of total
cost
Main
beneficiaries
Village trail
8
45km
226,000
50
All
Temple
1
One
65,000
85
All
School support
9
9 schools
527,001
25
Wealthy and
some poor
Electricity
1
One village
300,000
30
Wealthy
Water supply
5
Five projects
214,000
35
All
Health facility
1
One building
310,000
20
All
Improvement of
irrigation canal
5
20km
200,000
35
Wealthy
So urc e : De v a nd Adhika ri (2007)
Wha t’ s the e vide nc e ?
Be ne fit distrib utio n o f C o m m unity Fo re stry Use r
G ro up funds in thre e distric ts in Ne pa l (in % )
So urc e : Ridish K. Po kha re l (2008)
6
Wha t’ s the e vide nc e ?
Fue lwo o d so urc e s in Ha ra iya villa g e (Ne pa l)
Sources
30 years ago
20 years ago
10 years ago
2005
Private forest
1.15
2.31
2.69
12.31
Collaborative forest
management
0
0
0
0.77
Government forest
95.7
92.69
84.23
64.62
Communal plantation
0
0
0
0
Community forest
0
0
0
0
3.08
5
13.08
22.31
Purchase
So urc e : Bha tta e t al. (2007)
Wha t’ s the e vide nc e ?
Ave ra g e da ily inc o m e pe r pe rso n in Fo re st
Pro te c tio n C o m m itte e villa g e s in We st Be ng a l
Income sources
(in US$ PPP)
Rich
Medium rich
Poor
Poor landless
Forest
0.04
0.21
0.20
0.19
Non-forest
4.51
1.20
0.54
0.39
Total
4.55
1.41
0.73
0.58
So urc e : a da pte d fro m Ba ne rje e (2007)
7
Re a so ns fo r po o r re sults
Inc o m ple te kno wle dg e
a b o ut the c a use s a nd
fo rm s o f po ve rty
Tra nsfe r o f m a na g e m e nt
re spo nsib ilitie s, b ut fe w
a utho ritie s
Little do wnwa rd
a c c o unta b ility
We a k re so urc e se c urity
a nd rig hts
Elite c a pture
Unde rm ining o f lo c a l
institutio ns in
g o ve rna nc e
Re a so ns fo r po o r re sults
Arb itra ry c ha ng e s o f
rule s a nd re g ula tio ns
Inc re a se d sta te
pe ne tra tio n in te rm s
o f de c isio n m a king
“Little ” o r no tre e s fo r
“little pe o ple ”
Pe rc e ptio n o f so c ia l
fo re stry a s a “pro je c t”
C o nflic ts a m o ng
diffe re nt re so urc e
use rs o ve r rig hts a nd
b o unda rie s
Bure a uc ra tic
pro c e dure s
8
Quo vadis?
Wha t c a n fo re ste rs a nd fo re st a g e nc ie s do ?
C la rify re spo nsib ilitie s a nd stre ng the n a utho ritie s
o f lo c a l pe o ple
C la rify a nd stre ng the n re so urc e se c urity a nd
rig hts
C o nside r e xisting lo c a l institutio ns in g o ve rna nc e
inste a d o f c re a ting ne w o ne s
Sim plify pro c e dure s, dra ft m inim um sta nda rds,
a nd pro vide suppo rt to fulfill re q uire m e nts
Quo vadis?
Wha t c a n fo re ste rs a nd fo re st a g e nc ie s do ?
Avo id a rb itra ry c ha ng e s o f rule s a nd
re g ula tio ns
Ensure tha t m o re de c isio n m a king
a b o ut fo re st m a na g e m e nt o c c urs a t
the lo c a l le ve l
Pro vide a c c e ss to “b ig ” tre e s fo r “little
pe o ple ”
Ensure tha t so c ia l fo re stry b e c o m e s a n
inte g ra l pa rt o f na tio na l fo re st
pro g ra m m e s
9
Quo vadis?
Im po rta nt re q uire m e nts
G e ne ra te po litic a l c o m m itm e nt to c o ntrib ute to
a c hie ving MDG 1, e spe c ia lly, b ut no t e xc lusive ly,
within yo ur o wn a g e nc y
Ac kno wle dg e the lim ite d ro le tha t so c ia l fo re stry
c a n pla y in po ve rty re duc tio n
Re vie w ne w fina nc ing o ppo rtunitie s (suc h a s REDD)
Ide ntify info rm a tio n g a ps, im pe dim e nts, a sse ss
c a pa c itie s, ke e p da ta up to da te
Le a rn fro m o the rs (suc h a s the priva te se c to r)
Wo rk with pa rtne rs (suc h a s REC O FTC )
REC O FTC ’ s Pro po sitio ns
REC O FTC sta nds re a dy to wo rk with yo u in
a re a s o f m utua l c o nc e rn
C a m b o dia , Indo ne sia , La o PDR, Tha ila nd a nd
Vie tna m a re fo c a l c o untrie s a nd pro vide
e xc e lle nt e ntry po ints fo r the A SFN/ REC O FTC
pa rtne rship
Stro ng fo c us o n PES, pa rtic ula rly REDD
O the r c o untrie s c a n b e a ssiste d via le a rning
a nd e xc ha ng e s
Jo intly we a re in a b e tte r po sitio n to ide ntify
ne w so urc e s o f funding fo r o ur a c tivitie s
10
Tha nk yo u!
11
ASEAN So c ia l Fo re stry Ne two rk
27 to 29 Aug ust 2008, Ba ng ko k
So c ia l Fo re stry ’ s C o ntrib utio n to
Po ve rty Re duc tio n
Fro m status quo to quo vadis
Tho m a s Ente rs
REC O FTC Asso c ia te
Wha t Is REC O FTC ?
Stra te g ic a lly
po sitio ne d b e twe e n
o rg a niza tio ns tha t
im ple m e nt a c tivitie s
in the fie ld (o r the
wo o ds) a nd…
… pure re se a rc h
o rg a niza tio ns tha t
g e ne ra te e m piric a llyb a se d kno wle dg e .
1
A Little Bit o f Histo ry
Ide a b o rn in 1982 a t a se m ina r o n fo re stry e xte nsio n
o rg a nize d b y FAO a nd the Swe dish Inte rna tio na l
De ve lo pm e nt C o o pe ra tio n Ag e nc y (Sida ).
Esta b lishe d in Ma rc h 1987 a s a Tha i na tio na l
institute to pro vide tra ining o n c o m m unity fo re stry.
In 1999, fo rm a l sta tus a s a n inte rna tio na l
o rg a niza tio n with a m a nda te to pro m o te
c o m m unity fo re stry in the Asia - Pa c ific re g io n.
Wha t REC O FTC Do e s?
Inde pe nde nt no t- fo rpro fit inte rna tio na l
o rg a niza tio n
Info rm a tio n c e nte r
C a pa c ity b uilding
C o untry pro je c ts
Ne two rks
Pub lic a tio ns
Re se a rc h
Po lic y a na lysis
2
Ma in The m e s
G o ve rna nc e
Rig hts
Be ne fits
C lim a te C ha ng e
C o nflic t
Ma na g e m e nt
Ma rke ts
Ba c k to Se m a ra ng
So c ia l fo re stry ha s g ive n ho pe fo r a so lutio n
to the pro b le m [the c yc le o f po ve rty a nd
fo re st de g ra da tio n], b y wa y o f pro m o ting
susta ina b le fo re st m a na g e m e nt while
pro spe ring the fo re st c o m m unitie s.
O pe ning a ddre ss
ASO F C ha irm a n
Wa hjudi Wa rdo jo
Ministry o f Fo re stry (Indo ne sia )
3
Ba c k to Se m a ra ng
Fina lly, I wo uld like to e m pha size tha t a b o ve
a ll, the m a in purpo se o f the So c ia l Fo re stry
Pro g ra m [in Indo ne sia ] is to inc re a se the
pro spe rity o f the pe o ple within a nd
surro unding the fo re st, b o th pre se nt a nd
future , a nd a t the sa m e tim e , pre se rving the
fo re st.
Ke yno te a ddre ss
M. Ali Arsya d
Se c re ta ry o f Dire c to ra te G e ne ra l
Ministry o f Fo re stry (Indo ne sia )
Status quo
So c ia l fo re stry g e ne ra te s
inc o m e a nd will do so in the
future , b ut inc o m e g e ne ra tio n
do e s no t ne c e ssa rily re sult in
po ve rty re duc tio n.
Unde r c urre nt ‘ im pe rfe c t’
t’
c o nditio ns so c ia l fo re stry ha s
lim ite d po te ntia l to a ssist in
so c io - e c o no m ic a dva nc e m e nt
o f the po o r a nd to e lim ina te
po ve rty in the re g io n’
n’ s fo re ste d
a re a s.
4
Status quo
Eve n unde r ‘ pe rfe c t’
t’
c o nditio ns fo re sts a nd
fo re stry a re pro b a b ly
o f dim inishing future
im po rta nc e (m ig ra tio n,
shifts in e m plo ym e nt),
a ltho ug h REDD m a y
c ha ng e this.
The re is c o nside ra b le
sc o pe to m a ke so c ia l
fo re stry m o re re le va nt
to po ve rty pro duc tio n,
if we a re se rio us a b o ut
a c hie ving MDG 1 a nd
wo rk to g e the r.
Wha t’ s the e vide nc e ?
A fo re ste r’s dre a m c o m e true (Jiri, Ne pa l)
1978
2005
5
Wha t’ s the e vide nc e ?
C o m m unity infra struc ture im pro ve m e nts funde d
pa rtia lly b y FUG s in Ne p a l (1993/ 1996 to 2004)
Infrastructure
Number
of study
FUGs
Quantity
Contribution of FUGs
Nepalese
rupees
% of total
cost
Main
beneficiaries
Village trail
8
45km
226,000
50
All
Temple
1
One
65,000
85
All
School support
9
9 schools
527,001
25
Wealthy and
some poor
Electricity
1
One village
300,000
30
Wealthy
Water supply
5
Five projects
214,000
35
All
Health facility
1
One building
310,000
20
All
Improvement of
irrigation canal
5
20km
200,000
35
Wealthy
So urc e : De v a nd Adhika ri (2007)
Wha t’ s the e vide nc e ?
Be ne fit distrib utio n o f C o m m unity Fo re stry Use r
G ro up funds in thre e distric ts in Ne pa l (in % )
So urc e : Ridish K. Po kha re l (2008)
6
Wha t’ s the e vide nc e ?
Fue lwo o d so urc e s in Ha ra iya villa g e (Ne pa l)
Sources
30 years ago
20 years ago
10 years ago
2005
Private forest
1.15
2.31
2.69
12.31
Collaborative forest
management
0
0
0
0.77
Government forest
95.7
92.69
84.23
64.62
Communal plantation
0
0
0
0
Community forest
0
0
0
0
3.08
5
13.08
22.31
Purchase
So urc e : Bha tta e t al. (2007)
Wha t’ s the e vide nc e ?
Ave ra g e da ily inc o m e pe r pe rso n in Fo re st
Pro te c tio n C o m m itte e villa g e s in We st Be ng a l
Income sources
(in US$ PPP)
Rich
Medium rich
Poor
Poor landless
Forest
0.04
0.21
0.20
0.19
Non-forest
4.51
1.20
0.54
0.39
Total
4.55
1.41
0.73
0.58
So urc e : a da pte d fro m Ba ne rje e (2007)
7
Re a so ns fo r po o r re sults
Inc o m ple te kno wle dg e
a b o ut the c a use s a nd
fo rm s o f po ve rty
Tra nsfe r o f m a na g e m e nt
re spo nsib ilitie s, b ut fe w
a utho ritie s
Little do wnwa rd
a c c o unta b ility
We a k re so urc e se c urity
a nd rig hts
Elite c a pture
Unde rm ining o f lo c a l
institutio ns in
g o ve rna nc e
Re a so ns fo r po o r re sults
Arb itra ry c ha ng e s o f
rule s a nd re g ula tio ns
Inc re a se d sta te
pe ne tra tio n in te rm s
o f de c isio n m a king
“Little ” o r no tre e s fo r
“little pe o ple ”
Pe rc e ptio n o f so c ia l
fo re stry a s a “pro je c t”
C o nflic ts a m o ng
diffe re nt re so urc e
use rs o ve r rig hts a nd
b o unda rie s
Bure a uc ra tic
pro c e dure s
8
Quo vadis?
Wha t c a n fo re ste rs a nd fo re st a g e nc ie s do ?
C la rify re spo nsib ilitie s a nd stre ng the n a utho ritie s
o f lo c a l pe o ple
C la rify a nd stre ng the n re so urc e se c urity a nd
rig hts
C o nside r e xisting lo c a l institutio ns in g o ve rna nc e
inste a d o f c re a ting ne w o ne s
Sim plify pro c e dure s, dra ft m inim um sta nda rds,
a nd pro vide suppo rt to fulfill re q uire m e nts
Quo vadis?
Wha t c a n fo re ste rs a nd fo re st a g e nc ie s do ?
Avo id a rb itra ry c ha ng e s o f rule s a nd
re g ula tio ns
Ensure tha t m o re de c isio n m a king
a b o ut fo re st m a na g e m e nt o c c urs a t
the lo c a l le ve l
Pro vide a c c e ss to “b ig ” tre e s fo r “little
pe o ple ”
Ensure tha t so c ia l fo re stry b e c o m e s a n
inte g ra l pa rt o f na tio na l fo re st
pro g ra m m e s
9
Quo vadis?
Im po rta nt re q uire m e nts
G e ne ra te po litic a l c o m m itm e nt to c o ntrib ute to
a c hie ving MDG 1, e spe c ia lly, b ut no t e xc lusive ly,
within yo ur o wn a g e nc y
Ac kno wle dg e the lim ite d ro le tha t so c ia l fo re stry
c a n pla y in po ve rty re duc tio n
Re vie w ne w fina nc ing o ppo rtunitie s (suc h a s REDD)
Ide ntify info rm a tio n g a ps, im pe dim e nts, a sse ss
c a pa c itie s, ke e p da ta up to da te
Le a rn fro m o the rs (suc h a s the priva te se c to r)
Wo rk with pa rtne rs (suc h a s REC O FTC )
REC O FTC ’ s Pro po sitio ns
REC O FTC sta nds re a dy to wo rk with yo u in
a re a s o f m utua l c o nc e rn
C a m b o dia , Indo ne sia , La o PDR, Tha ila nd a nd
Vie tna m a re fo c a l c o untrie s a nd pro vide
e xc e lle nt e ntry po ints fo r the A SFN/ REC O FTC
pa rtne rship
Stro ng fo c us o n PES, pa rtic ula rly REDD
O the r c o untrie s c a n b e a ssiste d via le a rning
a nd e xc ha ng e s
Jo intly we a re in a b e tte r po sitio n to ide ntify
ne w so urc e s o f funding fo r o ur a c tivitie s
10
Tha nk yo u!
11