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Climate Change
and Oceans
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Climate Changes
Sign of Changes
Sea Level Rise
Ocean Acidification
Ocean Heat Rise
Sea Surface Temperature Rise
Ice Loss
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Level Rise
Reason for Rise
As our world warms, rising
temperatures affect sea level
in several important ways
First, as ocean water warms,
it expands and takes up
more space
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Level Rise
Reasons for Rise
Climate change also puts the heat
on glaciers, and as these masses of
ice melt, the runoff streams into the
ocean, boosting its volume
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Level Rise
Further Influence on Sea
Level
But sea level involves far more
than just expanding water or
melting ice. The tug of war of
currents can influence a coast's sea
level; some push water toward the
land, others pull it away. Earth's
continents rise and fall relative to
the ocean, also affecting sea level.
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Level Rise
Behind the Numbers
Scientists use two different measurements
of sea level.
Relative sea level is the height of the
ocean relative to the land elevation at a
particular location.
Absolute sea level measures the height of
the ocean surface above the center of the
earth.
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Level Rise
Vital Sign
After roughly 2,000 years
with little change, average
global sea levels rose
throughout the 20th century,
and in recent years the rate
of change has accelerated:
0.15 cm/year from 18702008
0.28-0.33cm/year from
1993-2008
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Level Rise
Important !
While absolute sea level has
increased steadily, climate models,
satellite data, and hydrographic
observations all demonstrate that
sea level is not rising uniformly
around the world.
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Acidification
The Ocean and Carbon
About one third of emitted carbon
dioxide (CO2) makes its way into the
ocean
But as more and more carbon fills the
atmosphere, it takes longer and
longer for nature to cycle it out
The ocean has absorbed more carbon
than it produces a carbon sink not
a carbon source
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Acidification
The Ocean and Carbon
Because the concentration of
CO2 is higher in the air than in
the ocean, it diffuses into
seawater
Tiny photosynthetic microbes
called phytoplankton, absorb it
and use it to make food,
generating half of the world's
oxygen in the process
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Acidification
More Carbon, More Acidic Water
Every day the ocean absorbs 22 million
metric tons of CO2, altering ocean
chemistry in ways that have serious
consequences for life
As atmospheric CO2 increases as more
fossil fuels are burned, the ocean absorbs
more and more CO2 in response
This increases the ocean's acidity, since
carbon dioxide dissolved in water
produces carbonic acid.
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Acidification
The Ocean and Carbon
Warmer sea surface temperatures
have caused phytoplankton
productivity to decrease in the last
century, which means the plants can't
take up as much CO2
This combination of more CO2
entering the ocean and less of it
getting consumed by phytoplankton
means that surface seawater is
acidifying faster.
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Acidification
Acidic Water and Marine Life
Acidified seawater has less of the
carbonate ions marine organisms
need to make calcium carbonate
Corals, crabs, and other creatures all
rely on this important molecule to
make their skeletons and shells
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Heat
Heat Storage and
Movement
Heat is stored in the ocean and
transported through it in a
number of ways
Because the ocean's heat content
influences sea surface
temperatures and exerts a strong
influence on climate
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Heat
Warming and Ocean Dynamic
As heat-trapping gases accumulate in
Earth's atmosphere, they trap more of
the Sun's energy, the ocean absorbs
more heat, and its temperature rises
Added heat changes ocean dynamics,
because many currents are driven by
subtle differences in temperature (and
salinity).
Currents influence climate and
ecosystems
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Heat
Warming and Ocean Dynamic
In addition, water expands as it warms,
so as ocean temperatures climb, sea
levels also rise
At high latitudes, warming waters have
additional impacts: they melt sea ice
and coastal ice shelves
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Heat
Ocean Life
Rising water temperatures and
shifting currents affect coastal and
marine water quality, altering
species distribution and biological
productivity
When the base of the marine food
web is impacted by warming
waters, effects ripple up the food
web
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Heat
Ocean Life
In addition, warmer seas will likely
produce more coral bleaching,
hypoxia, disease, harmful algal
blooms, and invasive species
Some species or populations may
shrink or disappear unless they can
relocate
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Surface Temperature
Dynamic Surface Water
Sea surface temperatures vary with
latitude; warmer waters are found
near the equator, and colder
waters course around the Arctic
and Antarctic
Changes in climate cause the global
circulation patterns that transport
warm and cold water throughout
the ocean to also change
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Surface Temperature
Dynamic Surface Water
Changes in sea surface temperature have a
tremendous impact on the marine ecosystem,
influencing where plants and animals live;
altering migration or breeding patterns;
threatening ocean life; and affecting the
frequency, intensity, and location of algal
blooms
Warm surface waters can prevent critical deepsea nutrients from cycling upward, potentially
causing fish populations to decline
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Surface Temperature
Global Climate
The ocean constantly interacts with the
atmosphere; sea surface temperatures
profoundly influence global climate
As sea surface waters warm, water vapor
in the atmosphere increases
Water vapor fuels weather systems that
produce precipitation, and more water
vapor in the atmosphere means a higher
risk of heavy rains or snow
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ice Loss
The Cryosphere
Earth has many frozen features,
including sea, lake, and river ice;
snow cover; glaciers, ice caps; ice
sheets; and frozen ground
Collectively called the "cryosphere,"
Earth's frosty spots play a critical
role in regulating global climate
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ice Loss
The Cryosphere
Throughout the cryosphere, surface
temperatures remain below
freezing for a portion of the year.
Ice and snow exist relatively close to
their melting point, and they
frequently change from solid to
liquid and back again due to
fluctuations in surface temperature
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ice Loss
Shrinking Sea Ice
Sea ice extent is decreasing due to
warmer air temperatures, warmer
ocean temperatures, and due to
wind blowing ice fragments out of
the Arctic Ocean.
As sea ice melts, the Arctic's ability
to stabilize the Earth's climate
declines, escalating a "feedback
loop" of more solar energy
absorption, higher air
temperatures, and less sea ice
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Thank You !!
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
and Oceans
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Climate Changes
Sign of Changes
Sea Level Rise
Ocean Acidification
Ocean Heat Rise
Sea Surface Temperature Rise
Ice Loss
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Level Rise
Reason for Rise
As our world warms, rising
temperatures affect sea level
in several important ways
First, as ocean water warms,
it expands and takes up
more space
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Level Rise
Reasons for Rise
Climate change also puts the heat
on glaciers, and as these masses of
ice melt, the runoff streams into the
ocean, boosting its volume
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Level Rise
Further Influence on Sea
Level
But sea level involves far more
than just expanding water or
melting ice. The tug of war of
currents can influence a coast's sea
level; some push water toward the
land, others pull it away. Earth's
continents rise and fall relative to
the ocean, also affecting sea level.
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Level Rise
Behind the Numbers
Scientists use two different measurements
of sea level.
Relative sea level is the height of the
ocean relative to the land elevation at a
particular location.
Absolute sea level measures the height of
the ocean surface above the center of the
earth.
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Level Rise
Vital Sign
After roughly 2,000 years
with little change, average
global sea levels rose
throughout the 20th century,
and in recent years the rate
of change has accelerated:
0.15 cm/year from 18702008
0.28-0.33cm/year from
1993-2008
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Level Rise
Important !
While absolute sea level has
increased steadily, climate models,
satellite data, and hydrographic
observations all demonstrate that
sea level is not rising uniformly
around the world.
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Acidification
The Ocean and Carbon
About one third of emitted carbon
dioxide (CO2) makes its way into the
ocean
But as more and more carbon fills the
atmosphere, it takes longer and
longer for nature to cycle it out
The ocean has absorbed more carbon
than it produces a carbon sink not
a carbon source
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Acidification
The Ocean and Carbon
Because the concentration of
CO2 is higher in the air than in
the ocean, it diffuses into
seawater
Tiny photosynthetic microbes
called phytoplankton, absorb it
and use it to make food,
generating half of the world's
oxygen in the process
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Acidification
More Carbon, More Acidic Water
Every day the ocean absorbs 22 million
metric tons of CO2, altering ocean
chemistry in ways that have serious
consequences for life
As atmospheric CO2 increases as more
fossil fuels are burned, the ocean absorbs
more and more CO2 in response
This increases the ocean's acidity, since
carbon dioxide dissolved in water
produces carbonic acid.
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Acidification
The Ocean and Carbon
Warmer sea surface temperatures
have caused phytoplankton
productivity to decrease in the last
century, which means the plants can't
take up as much CO2
This combination of more CO2
entering the ocean and less of it
getting consumed by phytoplankton
means that surface seawater is
acidifying faster.
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Acidification
Acidic Water and Marine Life
Acidified seawater has less of the
carbonate ions marine organisms
need to make calcium carbonate
Corals, crabs, and other creatures all
rely on this important molecule to
make their skeletons and shells
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Heat
Heat Storage and
Movement
Heat is stored in the ocean and
transported through it in a
number of ways
Because the ocean's heat content
influences sea surface
temperatures and exerts a strong
influence on climate
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Heat
Warming and Ocean Dynamic
As heat-trapping gases accumulate in
Earth's atmosphere, they trap more of
the Sun's energy, the ocean absorbs
more heat, and its temperature rises
Added heat changes ocean dynamics,
because many currents are driven by
subtle differences in temperature (and
salinity).
Currents influence climate and
ecosystems
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Heat
Warming and Ocean Dynamic
In addition, water expands as it warms,
so as ocean temperatures climb, sea
levels also rise
At high latitudes, warming waters have
additional impacts: they melt sea ice
and coastal ice shelves
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Heat
Ocean Life
Rising water temperatures and
shifting currents affect coastal and
marine water quality, altering
species distribution and biological
productivity
When the base of the marine food
web is impacted by warming
waters, effects ripple up the food
web
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean Heat
Ocean Life
In addition, warmer seas will likely
produce more coral bleaching,
hypoxia, disease, harmful algal
blooms, and invasive species
Some species or populations may
shrink or disappear unless they can
relocate
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Surface Temperature
Dynamic Surface Water
Sea surface temperatures vary with
latitude; warmer waters are found
near the equator, and colder
waters course around the Arctic
and Antarctic
Changes in climate cause the global
circulation patterns that transport
warm and cold water throughout
the ocean to also change
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Surface Temperature
Dynamic Surface Water
Changes in sea surface temperature have a
tremendous impact on the marine ecosystem,
influencing where plants and animals live;
altering migration or breeding patterns;
threatening ocean life; and affecting the
frequency, intensity, and location of algal
blooms
Warm surface waters can prevent critical deepsea nutrients from cycling upward, potentially
causing fish populations to decline
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sea Surface Temperature
Global Climate
The ocean constantly interacts with the
atmosphere; sea surface temperatures
profoundly influence global climate
As sea surface waters warm, water vapor
in the atmosphere increases
Water vapor fuels weather systems that
produce precipitation, and more water
vapor in the atmosphere means a higher
risk of heavy rains or snow
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ice Loss
The Cryosphere
Earth has many frozen features,
including sea, lake, and river ice;
snow cover; glaciers, ice caps; ice
sheets; and frozen ground
Collectively called the "cryosphere,"
Earth's frosty spots play a critical
role in regulating global climate
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ice Loss
The Cryosphere
Throughout the cryosphere, surface
temperatures remain below
freezing for a portion of the year.
Ice and snow exist relatively close to
their melting point, and they
frequently change from solid to
liquid and back again due to
fluctuations in surface temperature
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Ice Loss
Shrinking Sea Ice
Sea ice extent is decreasing due to
warmer air temperatures, warmer
ocean temperatures, and due to
wind blowing ice fragments out of
the Arctic Ocean.
As sea ice melts, the Arctic's ability
to stabilize the Earth's climate
declines, escalating a "feedback
loop" of more solar energy
absorption, higher air
temperatures, and less sea ice
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Thank You !!
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Bandung Institute of Technology