PERENCANAAN GEDUNG DKK JL. PANDANARAN - Diponegoro University | Institutional Repository (UNDIP-IR)

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN TUGAS AKHIR

PERENCANAAN GEDUNG DINAS KESEHATAN KOTA
SEMARANG
(Structure Design of DKK Semarang Building)

Diajukan untuk memenuhi persyaratan dalam menyelesaikan pendidikan Strata 1
pada Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro

Disusun Oleh:
Maulana Hafid
L2A3 01 029
Muhammad Fakhruji
L2A3 01 030

Menyetujui dan mengesahkan,
Semarang,

Agustus 2008

Dosen Pembimbing I

Dosen Pembimbing II

Ir. Windu Partono, MSc.
NIP. 131 596 954

Hardi Wibowo, ST., M.Eng
NIP. 132 205 688
Mengetahui,

Ketua Jurusan Teknik Sipil

Ir. Moga Narayudha SP1
NIP. 130 810 731

ii

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur kami panjatkan kepada hadirat TUHAN Yang Maha Esa, yang

telah memberikan Rahmat dan Karunia-Nya, sehingga penyusunan laporan Tugas
Akhir “Perencanaan Gedung DKK Semarang” dapat terselesaikan.
Penyusun menyadari bahwa dalam penyusunan laporan Tugas Akhir ini tidak
terlepas dari bantuan berbagai pihak, perkenankanlah penyusun menyampaikan
ucapan terima kasih kepada :
1. Ir. Moga Narayudha, SP1selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Sipil Ekstensi
Undip
2. Ir. Windu Partono selaku dosen pembimbing I
3. Hardi Wibowo, ST. M.Eng selaku dosen pembimbing II
4. Ir. Ismiyati, MS selaku dosen wali yang telah memberikan pengarahan
dan perhatianselama penyusunan Tugas Akhir ini.
5. Seluruh Staf Dosen dan Karyawan Program Studi Teknik Sipil Ekstensi
Universitas Diponegoro
6. Ayah dan Ibu yang selalu mendukung kami baik secara moril dan
materiil.
7. Seluruh rekan 2000 Sipil Ekstensi yang mendukung kami sehingga
Tugas Akhir ini dapat terselesaikan.
Semoga Tugas Akhir ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi semua pihak yang
memerlukannya.
Semarang,

Agustus 2008

Penulis

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Daftar Isi

Tugas Akhir ............................................................................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN TUGAS AKHIR .......................................................................................ii
ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................................................. iii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................. iv
KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................................................................. v
Daftar Isi .................................................................................................................................................. vi
Daftar Gambar ........................................................................................................................................ix
Daftar Tabel .............................................................................................................................................. x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1
1.2

1.3
1.4

LATAR BELAKANG ............................................................................................................ 1
PERUMUSAN MASALAH .................................................................................................. 2
MAKSUD DAN TUJUAN .................................................................................................... 2
RUANG LINGKUP ............................................................................................................... 2

BAB II STUDI PUSTAKA ...................................................................................................................... 3
2.1
TINJAUAN UMUM .............................................................................................................. 3
2.2
DASAR-DASAR PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR GEDUNG TAHAN GEMPA ............. 3
2.2.1
Resiko terjadinya Gempa .................................................................................................. 3
2.2.2
Pembebanan Pada Struktur Tahan Gempa ........................................................................ 5
2.2.3
Kombinasi Pembebanan Pada Struktur Tahan Gempa ................................................... 12
2.2.4

Analisis Struktur terhadap Beban Gempa ....................................................................... 15
2.2.5
Sistem Struktur Bangunan Gedung Tahan Gempa ......................................................... 16
2.2.6
Beban Gempa yang Ditinjau ........................................................................................... 17
2.2.6.1
2.2.6.2
2.2.6.3
2.2.6.4
2.2.6.5
2.2.6.6
2.2.6.7

Perhitungan Berat Bangunan (Wt) ....................................................................................... 18
Faktor Keutamaan Struktur (I)............................................................................................. 18
Daktilitas Struktur ................................................................................................................ 19
Janis Tanah ........................................................................................................................... 22
Koefisien Gempa Dasar (C)................................................................................................. 24
Pembatasan waktu getar alami struktur ............................................................................... 27
Kinerja Struktur Gedung ...................................................................................................... 28

2.3
PERENCANAAN UMUM STRUKTUR BANGUNAN GEDUNG TAHAN GEMPA ... 28
2.3.1
Struktur Atas dan Struktur Bawah .................................................................................. 28
2.3.2
Eksentrisitas pusat massa terhadap pusat rotasi lantai tingkat ....................................... 29
2.3.3
Kekakuan Struktur ........................................................................................................... 30
2.4
PERHITUNGAN STRUKTUR BANGUNAN GEDUNG TAHAN GEMPA .................. 30
2.4.1
Perhitungan Struktur Rangka Atap (Kuda-kuda Baja) ................................................... 32
2.4.2
Pembebanan ..................................................................................................................... 32
2.4.2.1
2.4.2.2

2.4.3
2.4.4

Sambungan ........................................................................................................................... 34
Kekuatan Baut ...................................................................................................................... 35

Perhitungan Struktur Beton Bertulang ............................................................................ 37
Perhitungan Pelat Lantai.................................................................................................. 38

2.4.4.1

Perhitungan Balok ................................................................................................................ 42

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2.4.4.2
2.4.4.3

2.4.5

Perhitungan Kolom .............................................................................................................. 42
Perhitungan Tangga ............................................................................................................. 44

Perhitungan Struktur Bawah (Pondasi) ........................................................................... 44

BAB III METODOLOGI ..................................................................................................................... 51
3.1
PENGUMPULAN DATA.................................................................................................... 51
3.2
ANALISA DAN PERHITUNGAN ..................................................................................... 52
3.2.1
Perhitungan Struktur ........................................................................................................ 52
3.2.2
Syarat-syarat Teknis, Rencana Anggaran Biaya dan Manajemen Proyek ..................... 53
3.2.3
Penyajian Laporan dan Format Penggambaran .............................................................. 54
3.2.4
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ....................................................................................... 54
BAB IV PERHITUNGAN STRUKTUR ............................................................................................ 55
4.1
PERHITUNGAN STRUKTUR ATAP............................................................................... 55
4.1.1

Perhitungan Gording........................................................................................................ 56
4.1.2
Perhitungan Struktur Kuda-Kuda .................................................................................... 62
4.1.3
Perhitungan Gaya Batang ................................................................................................ 65
4.1.4
Kontrol Dimensi Batang .................................................................................................. 67
4.1.5
Perhitungan Sambungan .................................................................................................. 79
4.1.5.1

Perhitungan Sambungan ...................................................................................................... 79

4.1.6
Pendimensian Ikatan Angin / Bracing............................................................................. 86
4.1.7
Pendimensian Trekstang .................................................................................................. 87
4.1.8
Perhitungan Kekuatan Pelat Simpul................................................................................ 88
4.2

PELAT LANTAI .................................................................................................................. 94
4.2.1
Langkah-Langkah Perencanaan Pelat ............................................................................. 94
4.2.2
Tipe dan Ukuran Pelat Lantai .......................................................................................... 94
4.2.3
Penentuan Tebal Pelat Lantai .......................................................................................... 96
4.2.4
Pembebanan Pelat Lantai ................................................................................................ 96
4.2.5
Penulangan Pelat Lantai .................................................................................................. 98
4.3
TANGGA ........................................................................................................................... 102
4.3.1
Tipe Tangga ................................................................................................................... 102
4.3.1.1

4.3.2

4.3.2.1

4.3.2.2
4.3.2.3

4.3.3

Umum ................................................................................................................................. 104
Penentuan Parameter.......................................................................................................... 105
Pelat Tangga dan Pelat Bordes .......................................................................................... 106

Penulangan Tangga........................................................................................................ 106

4.3.3.1
4.3.3.2

4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.5
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.5.4
4.5.5
4.5.6
4.6
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
4.7
4.7.1

Perencanaan Tangga .......................................................................................................... 103

Pembebanan Tangga ...................................................................................................... 104

Pelat Tangga ....................................................................................................................... 106
Penulangan Bordes Tangga ............................................................................................... 107

PERHITUNGAN LIFT ...................................................................................................... 109
Kapasitas lift .................................................................................................................. 109
Perencanaan Konstruksi ................................................................................................ 109
Data Teknis Lift ............................................................................................................. 110
Perhitungan Balok Perletakan Mesin dan Balok Pengatrol Mesin.............................. 112
PERHITUNGAN GEMPA ................................................................................................ 120
Tinjauan Umum ............................................................................................................. 120
Faktor Keutamaan Struktur (I) ...................................................................................... 120
Faktor Respon Gempa (C) ............................................................................................. 121
Penentuan Zona Gempa ................................................................................................. 121
Penentuan Jenis Tanah .................................................................................................. 122
Perhitungan Waktu Getar Bangunan (T) : .................................................................... 128
PERHITUNGAN BALOK ANAK .................................................................................... 136
Momen Pada Balok Anak.............................................................................................. 136
Penulangan Balok Anak ................................................................................................ 136
Perhitungan Tulangan Geser ......................................................................................... 138
PERHITUNGAN PORTAL ............................................................................................... 140
Kombinasi Pembebanan pada Portal ............................................................................. 140

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4.7.2
PERHITUNGAN TULANGAN BALOK STRUKTUR ............................................. 141
4.7.3
PERHITUNGAN PENULANGAN KOLOM .............................................................. 144
4.8
PERHITUNGAN STRUKTUR PONDASI....................................................................... 161
4.8.1
4.9.1. Tinjauan Umum ................................................................................................... 161
4.8.2
Perencanaan Tiang Pancang .......................................................................................... 161
4.8.3
Perhitungan Daya Dukung Tiang Tunggal ................................................................... 162
4.8.3.1
4.8.3.2
4.8.3.3

4.8.4
4.8.5

Perencanaan Pondasi ..................................................................................................... 166
Kontrol Daya Dukung Horisontal Akibat Tekanan Tanah ........................................... 177

4.8.5.1
4.8.5.2
4.8.5.3

4.8.6
4.8.7

Berdasarkan Data Sondir ................................................................................................... 162
4.9.3.3. Berdasarkan Data SPT .......................................................................................... 163
Berdasarkan Pelaksanaan................................................................................................... 164

Tekanan Tanah Pasif .......................................................................................................... 178
Tekanan Tanah Pasif Efektif Yang Terjadi ....................................................................... 178
Gaya Lateral yang diijinkan............................................................................................... 179

Penulangan Tiang Pancang ........................................................................................... 181
Perencanaan Sloof ......................................................................................................... 186

BAB V RENCANA ANGGARAN BIAYA ...................................................................................... 189
BAB VI PENUTUP ............................................................................................................................. 214
6.1
6.2

Kesimpulan ......................................................................................................................... 214
Saran ................................................................................................................................... 214

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................................................... 215
LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................................................... 216

viii

Daftar Gambar

Gambar 2-1 Diagram Beban (P) – Waktu (t) pada Beban Statik.............................................................. 6
Gambar 2-2 Diagram Beban (P) – Waktu (t) pada Beban Dinamik ......................................................... 7
Gambar 2-3 Koefisien angin untuk tekanan dan hisapan pada bangunan .............................................. 10
Gambar 2-4 Bidang momen pada struktur portal akibat pembebanan tetap, ........................................ 14
Gambar 2-5 Bidang momen pada strukttur portal akibat pembebanan sementara,................................ 14
Gambar 2-6 Bidang momen pada struktur portal akibat pembebanan sementara, ................................ 15
Gambar 2-7 Sistem Struktur Bangunan Gedung : (a) Moment Resisting Frame, (b) Shear Wall dan (c)
Shear Wall with Column ................................................................................................................ 17
Gambar 2-8 Diagram beban (V) – simpangan (δ) dari struktur bangunan ............................................. 20
Gambar 2-9 Pembagian Daerah Gempa di Indonesia ............................................................................. 25
Gambar 2-10 Spektrum Respon untuk Wilayah gempa 2...................................................................... 25
Gambar 2-11 Diagram Alir tahap-tahap pengolahan data dengan SAP 2000 ver. 10........................... 31
Gambar 2-12 Dimensi bidang pelat ........................................................................................................ 38
Gambar 2-13 Penampang, diagram regangan dan tegangan dalam keadaan seimbang ( balance ) ...... 40
Gambar 4-1 Kuda - kuda ........................................................................................................................ 55
Gambar 4-2 ½Kuda - kuda ..................................................................................................................... 55
Gambar 4-3 Gambar Penamaan Buhul pada kuda-kuda ........................................................................ 62
Gambar 4-4 Penamaan Buhul Jurai ........................................................................................................ 64
Gambar 4-5 Menentukan nilai B efektif ................................................................................................. 83
Gambar 4-6Potongan Plat Simpul E pada Kuda-Kuda Utama ............................................................... 88
Gambar 4-7 Potongan I-I ......................................................................................................................... 89
Gambar 4-8 Tipe Pelat Lantai................................................................................................................. 95
Gambar 4-9 Potongan dan Denah Tangga............................................................................................. 102
Gambar 4-10 Asumsi Perhitungan Tangga ........................................................................................... 105
Gambar 4-11 Denah dan Potongan Lift................................................................................................ 111
Gambar 4-12 Momen Lintang Pada Balok........................................................................................... 113
Gambar 4-13 Detail Penulangan Balok Perletakan Mesin I ................................................................ 118
Gambar 4-14 Pembagian Wilayah Gempa di Indonesia ...................................................................... 121
Gambar 4-15 Spektrum Respon Gempa Zona 2 .................................................................................. 122
Gambar 4-16 GRAFIK SPT 1a............................................................................................................ 124
Gambar 4-17 GRAFIK SPT 1b ........................................................................................................... 125
Gambar 4-18 Grafik SPT 2a ................................................................................................................. 126
Gambar 4-19 Grafik SPT 2b ................................................................................................................. 127
Gambar 4-20 Penamaan portal untuk distribusi beban gempa ............................................................ 135
Gambar 4-21 Pertemuan Balok-Kolom Dalam .................................................................................... 154
Gambar 4-22 Model Penjangkaran ....................................................................................................... 159
gambar 4-23 Diagram perhitungan dari intensitas daya dukung ultimate tanah pondasi pada ujung
tiang .............................................................................................................................................. 163
Gambar 4-24 Pile Cap Pondasi Tipe I .................................................................................................. 167
Gambar 4-25 Pile Cap Pondasi Tipe II................................................................................................. 170
Gambar 4-26 Keliling Kritis ................................................................................................................. 173
Gambar 4-27 Beban Tiang Pondasi ke Pile Cap .................................................................................. 174
Gambar 4-28 Diagram Tekanan Tanah Pasif ....................................................................................... 177
Gambar 4-29 Pengangkatan Tiang Pancang dengan 2 Titik ................................................................ 181
Gambar 4-30 Pengangkatan Tiang Pancang dengan 1 Titik ................................................................ 182
Gambar 4-31 penulangan tiang pancang .............................................................................................. 184
Gambar 4-32 Penulangan Tiang Pancang ............................................................................................ 185

ix

Daftar Tabel

Tabel 2-1 Taraf beban gempa untuk umur rencana rata-rata 50 tahun ..................................................... 5
Tabel 2-2 Faktor Keutamaan untuk berbagai kategori gedung dan bangunan ....................................... 19
Tabel 2-3 Faktor daktilitas maksimum (µm), faktor reduksi gempa maksimum (Rm), faktor kuat lebih
struktur (f1) dari beberapa jenis sistem dan subsistem struktur bangunan gedung ....................... 21
Tabel 2-4 Jenis tanah berdasarkan SNI gempa 03-1726-2002 .............................................................. 23
Tabel 2-5 Kofisien ζ yang membatasi waktu getar alami fundamental .................................................. 28
Tabel 2-6 Faktor reduksi (Ф) untuk keadaan kekuatan batas ............................................................... 33
Tabel 4-1 Momen pada gording akibat beban mati................................................................................ 57
Tabel 4-2 Momen pada gording akibat beban hidup ............................................................................. 58
Tabel 4-3 Tabel Beban Tiap Titik Buhul ............................................................................................... 63
Tabel 4-4 Tabel kontrol dimensi batang tekan ....................................................................................... 72
Tabel 4-5 Tabel kontrol dimensi batang tarik ........................................................................................ 78
Tabel 4-6 Tabel Perhitungan Jumlah Baut ............................................................................................. 82
Tabel 4-7 PERHITUNGAN PELAT TYPE VIA ................................................................................ 101
Tabel 4-8 PERHITUNGAN PELAT TYPE VIA ................................................................................. 101
Tabel 4-9 Perhitungan penulangan tangga ........................................................................................... 108
Tabel 4-10 Spesifikasi Lift ................................................................................................................... 110
Tabel 4-11Perhitungan Tulangan Utama Pada Balok Perletakan Mesin 2 .......................................... 118
Tabel 4-12 Perhitungan tulangan Geser Pada Balok Perletakan Mesin 2 ........................................... 119
Tabel 4-13 Perhitungan Tulangan Utama Pada Balok Pengatrol Mesin ............................................. 119
Tabel 4-14 Perhitungan Tulangan Geser Pada Balok Pengatrol Mesin .............................................. 119
Tabel 4-15 Perhitungan ......................................................................................................................... 128
Tabel 4-16Distribusi Beban Gempa Disepanjang Tinggi Bangunan ( Perhitungan I) ........................ 132
Tabel 4-17 Gaya geser pada keliling permukaan tiang, digolongkan menurut lapisan tanah............. 164

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