International and Municipal Law

International and Municipal
Law
Siti Noor Malia Putri

Teori Monoisme dan Dualisme :
• Dualist  hukum internasional adalah
tidak sama dengan hukum nasional dan
masing masing memiliki sistem hukum
yang berbeda.
• Monoist  hukum internasional adalah
sama dengan hukum nasional dan tidak
perlu diadakan pembedaan hukum

Monoisme :
• Hans Kelsen :
– Hukum internasional adalah hukum dasar
(Grundnorm)
– Hukum nasional bertentangan dengan hukum
internasional maka hukum internasional
menjadi null and void
– Secara langsung berlaku sebagai hukum

nasional

• Dualisme  positivisme dan sovereignty
• Monoisme  natural law and liberalisme
• Fitzmaurice
– Unreal dan artificial
– Doesn’t exist any controversy
– Simultaneously have there sphere of actvity

Hukum internasional  hukum
nasional
• Hukum
nasional

kebiasaan
internasional atau prinsip – prinsip hukum
umum
• Dissolvable questions under IL  H.Nas
 kewarganegaraan seseorang
• However, suatu negara tidak dapat

menyatakan
tidak
terikat
dengan
kewajiban
internasionalnya
apabila
bertentangan dengan hukum nasionalnya.

• The Vienna Convention 1969, article 27:
– A party may not invoke the provisions of its internal law as
justification for its failure to perform a treaty. Thus rule is
without prejudice to article 46
– Article 46 :
(1) a state may not invoke the fact that its consent to be bound
by a treaty has been expressed in violation of a provision of its
internal law regarding competence to a conclude treaties as
invalidating its consent unless that violation was manifest and
concerned a rule of its international law of fundamental
importance

(2) a violation is manifest if it would be objectively evident to any
state conducting itself in the matter in accordance with normal
practice and in good faith.

States cant invoke their internal laws and
procedures as a justification for not
complying
with
their
international
obligations
 States are required to perform their
obligations in good faith
 at liberty to decide on the modalities of
such performance within their domestic
legal system

• An obligation to apply municipal law in
conformity with international law
• Freely decide the formulation to apply

these obligations

National law  international law
• Most states do not give primacy to
international law over their domestic law