FIRST LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE IN EFL STUDENTS’ COMPOSITION OF IAIN SALATIGA IN THE ACADEMIC First Language Interference in EFL Students’ Composition of IAIN Salatiga in The Academic Year Of 2014/2015.
FIRST LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE IN EFL STUDENTS’
COMPOSITION OF IAIN SALATIGA IN THE ACADEMIC
YEAR OF 2014/2015
Thesis
Presented to Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement in English Department of Post Graduate Programs of
Muhammadiyah Univerisity of Surakarta
By
AHMAD SAMINGAN
NIM: S200130046
MAGISTER OF LANGUAGE STUDY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
ii
iii
iv
PRONOUNCEMENT
I am the writer of this thesis,
Name
: Ahmad Samingan
NIM
: S200130046
Program
: Magister of Language Study
Focus on
: Education
Title
: First Language Interference in EFL Students’ Composition of
IAIN Salatiga in the Academic Year of 2014/2015
Certify that this thesis is definitely my own work; I am completely
responsible for its content. Otherwise, there are some other writer’s opinions for
findings included in this thesis but they are quoted or cited in accordance with
ethical standard. When there is evidence that this thesis is a kind of plagiarism, I
will accept the correlation of my post graduate degree given by Muhammdiyah
University of Surakarta.
Surakarta, 04 January 2016
Sincerely,
AHMAD SAMINGAN
S200130046
v
MOTTO
“Don’t depend on another, but rely on
yourself”
vi
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
My beloved father and mother (Bapak Ahmad Mujamil and Ibu Artinah)
My special older brother (Saefullah, S,Pd.I)
My brothers and sisters (Latiful Anam, S.Kom, Ali Masykur, Muhtashor,
Nur Komariah, Khamdiyah, Siti Mufidah, S.Pd.Aud, Parsiti, and Siti
Muntamah)
My thesis advisors (Ibu Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati and Ibu Muamaroh,
Ph.D)
All of my classmates in Post-Graduate Program majoring Magister of
Language Study of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Everyone who knows me and reads this thesis
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin, all praises be to Allah the lord of the
universe. Due to his blessing, eventually, the writer could finish this thesis well.
Our blessing and praises to our prophet Muhammad (pbuh), who has brought us
from the darkness to the lightness.
However, the writer would not be able to finish this thesis well without
any help, guidance, and support from other people. Therefore, the writer would
like to thank to:
1. Prof. Dr. Bambang Setiaji, as the rector of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta,
2. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH, M.Hum, as the director of PostGraduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
3. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, as the Head of Language Study
Department,
4. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati and Muamaroh, Ph.D, as advisors of this thesis
who have guided and advised me during the arrangement of this thesis
from the beginning until the end,
5. Ahmad Mujamil and Artinah, the writer’s parents who always pray for me.
6. Saefullah, S.PdI, my special big brother who always helps and supports
me when I am in need.
viii
7. Latiful Anam, S. Kom, Ali Masykur, Muhtashor, Nur Komariah,
Khamdiyah, Siti Mufidah, S.Pd.Aud, Parsiti, and Siti Muntamah, as my
beloved brothers and sisters,
8. Muh. Hafidz, M.Ag, Achmad Maimun, M.Ag, Hanung Triyoko, M.Hum,.
M.Ed., Hammam, Ph.D., and Dr. Budiyono Saputro, as my great
motivators who always support and care about me,
9. All of friends in Magister of Language Study at Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta,
10. All of my lecturers of undergraduate study at IAIN Salatiga
11. All of my friends at Center for Language Service and Development of
IAIN Salatiga, and
12. Everyone who prays and cares about me.
The writer realizes that this research paper still has a lot of
weaknesses, therefore the writer thanks to the readers if they give
suggestion and criticism to make this thesis better.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, 04 January 2016
The writer
AHMAD SAMINGAN
NIM: S200130046
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ...........................................................................................................
i
APROVAL ......................................................................................................
ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR 1 ...................................................................................
iii
NOTE OF ADVISOR 2 ……………………………………………………..
iv
PRONOUNCEMENT ......................................................................................
v
MOTTO ..........................................................................................................
vi
DEDICATION ................................................................................................. vii
ACKNOLEDGMENT……………………………………………………….
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................
x
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study.…….………………………........
1
B. Limitation of the Study….…………………………….……
7
C. Statement of the Problem.…………….……………………
7
D. Objective of the Study …………………………….............
8
E. Benefit of the Study …………………….………….……...
9
F. Definition of key terms………….……………………….....
9
G. Research Paper Organization………………………………
10
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Previous Study …………………..……………………......
12
B. Underlying Theory …………………………………….....
22
1. First Language Interference ………………….............
23
a. Notion of Interference ………………………..…..
23
b. Other Sister Terms ………………………….…....
30
x
c. Types of Language Interference ……………..……
37
d. Factors Contribute to Interference …………..……
46
2. Error Analysis ………………………………….….….
52
a. Notion of Error ………………………………..….
53
b. Error and Mistake ………………………….….....
56
c. Source of Error …………………………….….....
57
d. Types of Error ………………………………..….
61
3. Interlanguage ……………………………………..….
64
a. Notion of Interlanguage…………………….…....
64
b. Characteristic of Interlanguage ……………..……
66
c. Interlanguage Production …………………...……
67
C. Theoretical Framework …………………………………..
68
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Type ……………………………………………
70
B. Research Subject …………………………………………
71
C. Research Object ………………………………………….
72
D. Data and Data Source ……………………………………
72
E. Technique of Collecting Data ……………………………
72
F. Technique of Analyzing Data ……………………………
74
G. Data Validity ……………………………………………..
76
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Finding …………………………….…………..
78
1. Types of Interference ……………………….………..
78
xi
2. Frequency of Each Type of Interference ……………
101
3. The Most Dominant Type of Interference Error…….
103
4. Factors contribute to Interference …………………..
104
B. Discussion of Finding …………………………………..
108
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION, AND
SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ………………………………………….……
119
B. Pedagogical Implication …………………………….…..
122
C. Suggestion ……………………………………………….
124
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xii
ABSTRACT
Ahmad Samingan, S200130046: “First Language Interference in EFL Students’
Composition of IAIN Salatiga in the Academic Year of 2014/2015.
This study aimed at analyzing interference error caused by first language
interference made by English Foreign Language (EFL) students of IAIN Salatiga
in their English composition. The objectives are to find out type of interference,
frequency of each type, the most dominant type, and the factors contribute to
language interference in EFL students’ composition. This is a descriptivequalitative research. The data were taken through elicitation technique and
documentation, and then analyzed by using theory of language interference. The
findings of this study showed that EFL students made two types of interference;
lexical interference and syntactical interference. Lexical interference fell into five
categories: loanwords, literal translation at level of word, literal translation of L1
preposition, literal translation of L1 adverb of manner, and literal translation of L1
comparative degree of adjective. Syntactical interference also fell into five
categories: the use of L1 structure in target language, the use of L1 structure in
English noun phrase, literal translation in negation of verbal sentence, literal
translation in negation of nominal sentence, and literal translation in nominal
sentence of affirmative form.
Keywords: first language interference, EFL students’ composition
xiii
ABSTRAK
Ahmad Samingan, S200130046: “Campur Tangan Bahasa Pertama pada
Karangan Mahasiswa Bahasa Inggris Sebagai Bahasa Asing di IAIN Salatiga
Tahun Akademik 2014/2015.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kesalahan yang disebabkan karena
campur tangan bahasa pertama yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa bahasa Inggris
sebagai bahasa asing di IAIN Salatiga tahun akademik 2014/2015. Tujuannya
adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis campur tangan bahasa, frekuensi, kesalahan
yang paling dominan, dan faktor penyebab terjadinya campur tangan bahasa
pertama yang terdapat pada karangan mahasiswa. Penelitian ini adalah jenis
penelitian kualitatif. Data dalam penelititan ini diambil dengan cara tehnik
penimbulan dan dokumentasi, dan kemudian dianalisa menggunakan teori campur
tangan bahasa. Hasil penemuan menunjukan bahawa para mahasiswa membuat
dua jenis interferensi yaitu leksikal dan sintaktikal. Interferensi jenis leksikal
terbagi menjadi lima ketegori: pinjaman kata, terjemahan literal pada tingkat kata,
terjemahan secara literal pada kata depan bahasa pertama, terjemahan literal pada
kata keterangan cara di bahasa pertama, dan terjemahan literal pada tingkat
perbandingan kata sifat di bahasa pertama. Kemudian interferensi pada tingkat
sintaktikal juga dibagi menjadi lima kategori: penggunaan struktur bahasa pertama
di bahasa sasaran, penggunaan struktur bahasa pertama pada frase bahasa Inggris,
terjemahan literal pada kalimat verbal bentuk negative, terjemahan literal pada
kalimat nominal bentuk negative, dan terjemahan literal pada kalimat nominal
bentuk positif.
Kata kunci: campur tangan bahasa pertama, karangan mahasiswa bahasa Inggris
sebagai bahasa asing
xiv
COMPOSITION OF IAIN SALATIGA IN THE ACADEMIC
YEAR OF 2014/2015
Thesis
Presented to Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement in English Department of Post Graduate Programs of
Muhammadiyah Univerisity of Surakarta
By
AHMAD SAMINGAN
NIM: S200130046
MAGISTER OF LANGUAGE STUDY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
ii
iii
iv
PRONOUNCEMENT
I am the writer of this thesis,
Name
: Ahmad Samingan
NIM
: S200130046
Program
: Magister of Language Study
Focus on
: Education
Title
: First Language Interference in EFL Students’ Composition of
IAIN Salatiga in the Academic Year of 2014/2015
Certify that this thesis is definitely my own work; I am completely
responsible for its content. Otherwise, there are some other writer’s opinions for
findings included in this thesis but they are quoted or cited in accordance with
ethical standard. When there is evidence that this thesis is a kind of plagiarism, I
will accept the correlation of my post graduate degree given by Muhammdiyah
University of Surakarta.
Surakarta, 04 January 2016
Sincerely,
AHMAD SAMINGAN
S200130046
v
MOTTO
“Don’t depend on another, but rely on
yourself”
vi
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
My beloved father and mother (Bapak Ahmad Mujamil and Ibu Artinah)
My special older brother (Saefullah, S,Pd.I)
My brothers and sisters (Latiful Anam, S.Kom, Ali Masykur, Muhtashor,
Nur Komariah, Khamdiyah, Siti Mufidah, S.Pd.Aud, Parsiti, and Siti
Muntamah)
My thesis advisors (Ibu Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati and Ibu Muamaroh,
Ph.D)
All of my classmates in Post-Graduate Program majoring Magister of
Language Study of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Everyone who knows me and reads this thesis
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin, all praises be to Allah the lord of the
universe. Due to his blessing, eventually, the writer could finish this thesis well.
Our blessing and praises to our prophet Muhammad (pbuh), who has brought us
from the darkness to the lightness.
However, the writer would not be able to finish this thesis well without
any help, guidance, and support from other people. Therefore, the writer would
like to thank to:
1. Prof. Dr. Bambang Setiaji, as the rector of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta,
2. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH, M.Hum, as the director of PostGraduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
3. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, as the Head of Language Study
Department,
4. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati and Muamaroh, Ph.D, as advisors of this thesis
who have guided and advised me during the arrangement of this thesis
from the beginning until the end,
5. Ahmad Mujamil and Artinah, the writer’s parents who always pray for me.
6. Saefullah, S.PdI, my special big brother who always helps and supports
me when I am in need.
viii
7. Latiful Anam, S. Kom, Ali Masykur, Muhtashor, Nur Komariah,
Khamdiyah, Siti Mufidah, S.Pd.Aud, Parsiti, and Siti Muntamah, as my
beloved brothers and sisters,
8. Muh. Hafidz, M.Ag, Achmad Maimun, M.Ag, Hanung Triyoko, M.Hum,.
M.Ed., Hammam, Ph.D., and Dr. Budiyono Saputro, as my great
motivators who always support and care about me,
9. All of friends in Magister of Language Study at Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta,
10. All of my lecturers of undergraduate study at IAIN Salatiga
11. All of my friends at Center for Language Service and Development of
IAIN Salatiga, and
12. Everyone who prays and cares about me.
The writer realizes that this research paper still has a lot of
weaknesses, therefore the writer thanks to the readers if they give
suggestion and criticism to make this thesis better.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, 04 January 2016
The writer
AHMAD SAMINGAN
NIM: S200130046
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ...........................................................................................................
i
APROVAL ......................................................................................................
ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR 1 ...................................................................................
iii
NOTE OF ADVISOR 2 ……………………………………………………..
iv
PRONOUNCEMENT ......................................................................................
v
MOTTO ..........................................................................................................
vi
DEDICATION ................................................................................................. vii
ACKNOLEDGMENT……………………………………………………….
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................
x
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study.…….………………………........
1
B. Limitation of the Study….…………………………….……
7
C. Statement of the Problem.…………….……………………
7
D. Objective of the Study …………………………….............
8
E. Benefit of the Study …………………….………….……...
9
F. Definition of key terms………….……………………….....
9
G. Research Paper Organization………………………………
10
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Previous Study …………………..……………………......
12
B. Underlying Theory …………………………………….....
22
1. First Language Interference ………………….............
23
a. Notion of Interference ………………………..…..
23
b. Other Sister Terms ………………………….…....
30
x
c. Types of Language Interference ……………..……
37
d. Factors Contribute to Interference …………..……
46
2. Error Analysis ………………………………….….….
52
a. Notion of Error ………………………………..….
53
b. Error and Mistake ………………………….….....
56
c. Source of Error …………………………….….....
57
d. Types of Error ………………………………..….
61
3. Interlanguage ……………………………………..….
64
a. Notion of Interlanguage…………………….…....
64
b. Characteristic of Interlanguage ……………..……
66
c. Interlanguage Production …………………...……
67
C. Theoretical Framework …………………………………..
68
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Type ……………………………………………
70
B. Research Subject …………………………………………
71
C. Research Object ………………………………………….
72
D. Data and Data Source ……………………………………
72
E. Technique of Collecting Data ……………………………
72
F. Technique of Analyzing Data ……………………………
74
G. Data Validity ……………………………………………..
76
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Finding …………………………….…………..
78
1. Types of Interference ……………………….………..
78
xi
2. Frequency of Each Type of Interference ……………
101
3. The Most Dominant Type of Interference Error…….
103
4. Factors contribute to Interference …………………..
104
B. Discussion of Finding …………………………………..
108
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION, AND
SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ………………………………………….……
119
B. Pedagogical Implication …………………………….…..
122
C. Suggestion ……………………………………………….
124
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xii
ABSTRACT
Ahmad Samingan, S200130046: “First Language Interference in EFL Students’
Composition of IAIN Salatiga in the Academic Year of 2014/2015.
This study aimed at analyzing interference error caused by first language
interference made by English Foreign Language (EFL) students of IAIN Salatiga
in their English composition. The objectives are to find out type of interference,
frequency of each type, the most dominant type, and the factors contribute to
language interference in EFL students’ composition. This is a descriptivequalitative research. The data were taken through elicitation technique and
documentation, and then analyzed by using theory of language interference. The
findings of this study showed that EFL students made two types of interference;
lexical interference and syntactical interference. Lexical interference fell into five
categories: loanwords, literal translation at level of word, literal translation of L1
preposition, literal translation of L1 adverb of manner, and literal translation of L1
comparative degree of adjective. Syntactical interference also fell into five
categories: the use of L1 structure in target language, the use of L1 structure in
English noun phrase, literal translation in negation of verbal sentence, literal
translation in negation of nominal sentence, and literal translation in nominal
sentence of affirmative form.
Keywords: first language interference, EFL students’ composition
xiii
ABSTRAK
Ahmad Samingan, S200130046: “Campur Tangan Bahasa Pertama pada
Karangan Mahasiswa Bahasa Inggris Sebagai Bahasa Asing di IAIN Salatiga
Tahun Akademik 2014/2015.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kesalahan yang disebabkan karena
campur tangan bahasa pertama yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa bahasa Inggris
sebagai bahasa asing di IAIN Salatiga tahun akademik 2014/2015. Tujuannya
adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis campur tangan bahasa, frekuensi, kesalahan
yang paling dominan, dan faktor penyebab terjadinya campur tangan bahasa
pertama yang terdapat pada karangan mahasiswa. Penelitian ini adalah jenis
penelitian kualitatif. Data dalam penelititan ini diambil dengan cara tehnik
penimbulan dan dokumentasi, dan kemudian dianalisa menggunakan teori campur
tangan bahasa. Hasil penemuan menunjukan bahawa para mahasiswa membuat
dua jenis interferensi yaitu leksikal dan sintaktikal. Interferensi jenis leksikal
terbagi menjadi lima ketegori: pinjaman kata, terjemahan literal pada tingkat kata,
terjemahan secara literal pada kata depan bahasa pertama, terjemahan literal pada
kata keterangan cara di bahasa pertama, dan terjemahan literal pada tingkat
perbandingan kata sifat di bahasa pertama. Kemudian interferensi pada tingkat
sintaktikal juga dibagi menjadi lima kategori: penggunaan struktur bahasa pertama
di bahasa sasaran, penggunaan struktur bahasa pertama pada frase bahasa Inggris,
terjemahan literal pada kalimat verbal bentuk negative, terjemahan literal pada
kalimat nominal bentuk negative, dan terjemahan literal pada kalimat nominal
bentuk positif.
Kata kunci: campur tangan bahasa pertama, karangan mahasiswa bahasa Inggris
sebagai bahasa asing
xiv