INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATICS OF DISAGREEMENT BY INDONESIAN EFL LEARNERS Interlanguage Paragmatics of Disagreement by Indonesian EFL Learners.

i

INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATICS OF DISAGREEMENT BY INDONESIAN EFL LEARNERS

RESEARCH PAPER

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting the Bachelor Degree of Education

in English Department

By

Annis Syafa’atun Aisyah A 320110159

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA APRIL, 2015

ii APPROVAL

INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATICS OF DISAGREEMENT BY INDONESIAN EFL LEARNERS

RESEARCH PAPER

Written by

ANNIS SYAFA’ATUN AISYAH A 320110159

Approved to be Examined by Consultant Team:

First Consultant Second Consultant

Agus Wijayanto, P.hD. Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum.

iii

ACCEPTANCE

INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATICS OF DISAGREEMENT BY INDONESIAN EFL LEARNERS

by

Annis Syafa’atun Aisyah A320110159

Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiner School of Teacher Training and Education

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta on April, 2015

Term of Examiners:

1. Agus Wijayanto, P.hD.

NIK: 978 ( )

Member I

2. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum.

NIK: 477 ( )

Member II

3. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum.

NIK: 409 ( )

Member III

Dean,

Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.hum. NIP. 19650428199303001

iv TESTIMONY

In this opportunity, I state that there is no proposed work before this research proposed to get bachelor degree in a certain University and as long as I know, there is also no work or idea that have ever been written or published by other people, except referred written in this research paper and mentioned in the bibliography.

If it is proved there will be something wrong in my statement above in the future, I will wholly be responsible.

Surakarta, April 2015

Annis Syafa’atun Aisyah A320110159

v MOTTO

Maka sesungguhnya bersama kesulit an ada kemudahan,

sesungguhnya bersama kesulit an ada kemudahan. (Surah Al- I nsyirah ayat 5- 6)

Dan t erhadap nikmat Tuhanmu,

hendaklah engkau nyat akan (dengan bersyukur). (Surah Ad- Duha ayat 11)

vi

DEDICATION

This research paper is dedicat ed especially t o:



My lovely fat her,



My lovely mot her,



My beloved brot her and sist er,



My special someone,



A ll member of Voca A lkindi C hoir UMS,



My Friends in roommat e,



My Friends in Kenari boarding house,



My best friend.

vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamu’alaikum.Wr.Wb

In the name of Allah SWT, the most gracious and merciful. The writer would like to thank to Allah SWT, because of the mercies and blessing she can finish writing her research entitled Interlanguage Pragmatics of Disagreement by Indonesian EFL Learners. Greetings and invocation are presented to the Prophet Muhammad SAW, who has guided mankind to the right path blessed by the Lord.

In conducting the research, the writer gets some helps from many people. On this occasion, the writer would like to express her great gratitude and appreciation to:

1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,

2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, P.hD., as the chief of English Department, 3. Siti Fatimah, M.Hum., as the academic guidance of English Department, 4. Agus Wijayanto, P.hD., as the first consultant who has patiently, sincerely,

and wisely to give advice and guidance to her from the beginning up to the completion of this research paper,

5. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum., as the second consultant who has patiently. Sincerely, and wisely to give advice and guidance to her from the beginning up to the completion of this research paper,

6. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum., as the examiner who has patiently give the comment and guidance to her to completing this research paper,

7. All the lecturers as English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for the useful knowledge and wisdom,

8. Her beloved parents “Papah Heri” and “Mamah Heni” who always patiently pray and support the writer,

viii

9. Her younger brothers “Haris” and “Azam” who always support her by giving fun everyday,

10. Her younger sister “Hening” who always support her by giving care and joke everyday,

11. Her friends in English Department “Pethit, Monik, Silmi, Dieta, Desinta, Akbar, Yafi, Panggih, Edo, Mas Cahya, Ryan, Ardi, Abid, Dina, Rima, Emy, Nailis and others” who have given me such inspiration,

12. All of friends in Cynemaer Management Drama Performance who are cheerful and the moment in that year is so unforgetable,

13. Her friends of Voca Alkindi Choir “Shela, Dian, Renti, Pipit, Fitri, Desi, Sigit, Farid, Ryan, Joyok, Aldo, Mona, Meli and others” who have give me support,

14. Her friends in roommate “Arrum” and “Rizka” who always help me in every condition.

15. Her friends in Kenari boarding house “Memey, Aulia, Diah, Shela” thankyou for amzing spirit and jokes, and

16. Those who cannot mention one by one, she wants to say thank you so much to all of them.

The writer realizes that this research paper is still far from being perfect, so all suggestion and positive criticism to make this research paper better are welcoming happily.

Surakarta, April 2015

ix

TABLE OF CONTENT

Page

COVER ... i

APPROVAL ... ii

ACCEPTANCE... iii

TESTIMONY ... iv

MOTTO ... v

DEDICATION ... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii

TABLEOFCONTENT ... ix

ABSTRACT ... xii

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION A.Background of the Study... 1

B.Limitation of the Study... 7

C.Problem Statement ... 7

D.Objective of the Study... 7

E.Benefit of the Study... 7

x CHAPTER II : UNDERLYING THEORY

A.Previous Study ... 9

B.Pragmatics... 16

C.Disagreement... 22

D.Politeness... 25

E.Interlanguage... 38

F. Systematicity... 40

G.Variability in Interlanguage... 42

H. Interlanguage Pragmatics... 45

CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD A.Type of Research... 47

B.Object of the Study... 47

C.Data and Data Source... 47

D.Technique of Collecting Data... 47

E.Technique for Analyzing Data... 47

CHAPTER IV : RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION A.Disagreement Strategies used by Indonesian EFL Learners 49

B.Gender Difference used in Disagreement Strategies... 66

C.Politeness Strategies used in Disagreement... 74

D.Findings... 102

xi CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION

A.Conclusion... 106

B.Recommendation... 107

BIBLIOGRAPHY... 108

APPENDIX : 1. DCT Scenarios... 112

2. Data of Disagreement Strategies and Gender Influence... 115

3. Percentage of Disagreement Strategies and Gender Influence... 135

4. Data of Politeness Strategies used in Disagreement... 138

xii ABSTRACT

ANNIS SYAFA’ATUN AISYAH. A 320 110 159. INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATICS OF DISAGREEMENT BY INDONESIAN EFL LEARNERS. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. RESEARCH PAPER. 2015.

The research paper studies about disagreement strategies, gender difference, and politeness strategies by Indonesian EFL Learners. The study aims at describing disagreement strategies used by Indonesian EFL Learners and describing the gender difference influence on disagreement strategies and determinig the politeness strategy used in disagreement by Indonesian EFL Learners.

The research paper is a descriptive qualitative research. The data are sentences containing disagreement strategies in the data source which is disagreement. The data sources are from Discourse Completion Task (DCT) and its responds. The data are collected from 20 male 20 female students of Department of English Education. The researcher applies comparison in analyzing the data of the study then review the raters.

The results of the research show that: out of 360 data using disagreement strategies, the use combination of Contradictions and Counterclaims 304 data or 84,45%, Counterclaims 46 data or 12,78%, Contradictions 3 data or 0,83%, Challenges 1 data or 0,27%, the combination of Counterclaims and Contradictions 3 data or 0,83%, the combination of Challenges and Counterclaims 3 data or 0,83%, the combination of Challenges, Contradictions and Counterclaims 1 data or 0,27%. The gender difference use in combination of Contradictions and Counterclaims female 142 data or 39,3%, male 162 data or 44,95%, contradictions, male 3 data or 0,83%, Counterclaims female 33 data or 9,1%, male 12 data or 3,27%, Challenges male 1 data or 0,27%, combination of Challenges, Contradictions and Counterclaims female 1 data 0,27%, combination of Counterclaims and Contradictions female 2 data or 0,56%, male 1 data or 0,27%, combination of Challenges and Counterclaims female 2 data or 0,56%, male 1 data or 0,27%. The use of politenes strategies Bald on record 238 data or 66,11%, Negative Politeness 94 data or 26,11%, Positive Politeness 9 data or 2,5%, Off record 19 data or 5,27%. From these precentage, it can be concluded that the participants used the combination of Contradictions and Counterclaims more oftenly. The gender difference influence that Male more often used the combination of Contradictions and Counterclaims that did female. The participants more often used Bald on record that did Positive Politeness.

vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamu’alaikum.Wr.Wb

In the name of Allah SWT, the most gracious and merciful. The writer would like to thank to Allah SWT, because of the mercies and blessing she can finish

writing her research entitled Interlanguage Pragmatics of Disagreement by

Indonesian EFL Learners. Greetings and invocation are presented to the Prophet Muhammad SAW, who has guided mankind to the right path blessed by the Lord.

In conducting the research, the writer gets some helps from many people. On this occasion, the writer would like to express her great gratitude and appreciation to:

1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,

2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, P.hD., as the chief of English Department, 3. Siti Fatimah, M.Hum., as the academic guidance of English Department, 4. Agus Wijayanto, P.hD., as the first consultant who has patiently, sincerely,

and wisely to give advice and guidance to her from the beginning up to the completion of this research paper,

5. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum., as the second consultant who has patiently. Sincerely, and wisely to give advice and guidance to her from the beginning up to the completion of this research paper,

6. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum., as the examiner who has patiently give the comment and guidance to her to completing this research paper,

7. All the lecturers as English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for the useful knowledge and wisdom,

8. Her beloved parents “Papah Heri” and “Mamah Heni” who always patiently

viii

9. Her younger brothers “Haris” and “Azam” who always support her by giving

fun everyday,

10. Her younger sister “Hening” who always support her by giving care and joke

everyday,

11. Her friends in English Department “Pethit, Monik, Silmi, Dieta, Desinta, Akbar, Yafi, Panggih, Edo, Mas Cahya, Ryan, Ardi, Abid, Dina, Rima, Emy, Nailis and others” who have given me such inspiration,

12. All of friends in Cynemaer Management Drama Performance who are

cheerful and the moment in that year is so unforgetable,

13. Her friends of Voca Alkindi Choir “Shela, Dian, Renti, Pipit, Fitri, Desi, Sigit, Farid, Ryan, Joyok, Aldo, Mona, Meli and others” who have give me support,

14. Her friends in roommate “Arrum” and “Rizka” who always help me in every

condition.

15. Her friends in Kenari boarding house “Memey, Aulia, Diah, Shela” thankyou

for amzing spirit and jokes, and

16. Those who cannot mention one by one, she wants to say thank you so much to

all of them.

The writer realizes that this research paper is still far from being perfect, so all suggestion and positive criticism to make this research paper better are welcoming happily.

Surakarta, April 2015

ix

TABLE OF CONTENT

Page

COVER ... i

APPROVAL ... ii

ACCEPTANCE... iii

TESTIMONY ... iv

MOTTO ... v

DEDICATION ... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii

TABLEOFCONTENT ... ix

ABSTRACT ... xii

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION A.Background of the Study... 1

B.Limitation of the Study... 7

C.Problem Statement ... 7

D.Objective of the Study... 7

E.Benefit of the Study... 7

x CHAPTER II : UNDERLYING THEORY

A.Previous Study ... 9

B.Pragmatics... 16

C.Disagreement... 22

D.Politeness... 25

E.Interlanguage... 38

F. Systematicity... 40

G.Variability in Interlanguage... 42

H. Interlanguage Pragmatics... 45

CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD A.Type of Research... 47

B.Object of the Study... 47

C.Data and Data Source... 47

D.Technique of Collecting Data... 47

E.Technique for Analyzing Data... 47

CHAPTER IV : RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION A.Disagreement Strategies used by Indonesian EFL Learners 49

B.Gender Difference used in Disagreement Strategies... 66

C.Politeness Strategies used in Disagreement... 74

D.Findings... 102

xi CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION

A.Conclusion... 106

B.Recommendation... 107

BIBLIOGRAPHY... 108

APPENDIX : 1. DCT Scenarios... 112

2. Data of Disagreement Strategies and Gender Influence... 115

3. Percentage of Disagreement Strategies and Gender Influence... 135

4. Data of Politeness Strategies used in Disagreement... 138

xii ABSTRACT

ANNIS SYAFA’ATUN AISYAH. A 320 110 159. INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATICS OF DISAGREEMENT BY INDONESIAN EFL LEARNERS. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. RESEARCH PAPER. 2015.

The research paper studies about disagreement strategies, gender difference, and politeness strategies by Indonesian EFL Learners. The study aims at describing disagreement strategies used by Indonesian EFL Learners and describing the gender difference influence on disagreement strategies and determinig the politeness strategy used in disagreement by Indonesian EFL Learners.

The research paper is a descriptive qualitative research. The data are sentences containing disagreement strategies in the data source which is disagreement. The data sources are from Discourse Completion Task (DCT) and its responds. The data are collected from 20 male 20 female students of Department of English Education. The researcher applies comparison in analyzing the data of the study then review the raters.

The results of the research show that: out of 360 data using disagreement strategies, the use combination of Contradictions and Counterclaims 304 data or 84,45%, Counterclaims 46 data or 12,78%, Contradictions 3 data or 0,83%, Challenges 1 data or 0,27%, the combination of Counterclaims and Contradictions 3 data or 0,83%, the combination of Challenges and Counterclaims 3 data or 0,83%, the combination of Challenges, Contradictions and Counterclaims 1 data or 0,27%. The gender difference use in combination of Contradictions and Counterclaims female 142 data or 39,3%, male 162 data or 44,95%, contradictions, male 3 data or 0,83%, Counterclaims female 33 data or 9,1%, male 12 data or 3,27%, Challenges male 1 data or 0,27%, combination of Challenges, Contradictions and Counterclaims female 1 data 0,27%, combination of Counterclaims and Contradictions female 2 data or 0,56%, male 1 data or 0,27%, combination of Challenges and Counterclaims female 2 data or 0,56%, male 1 data or 0,27%. The use of politenes strategies Bald on record 238 data or 66,11%, Negative Politeness 94 data or 26,11%, Positive Politeness 9 data or 2,5%, Off record 19 data or 5,27%. From these precentage, it can be concluded that the participants used the combination of Contradictions and Counterclaims more oftenly. The gender difference influence that Male more often used the combination of Contradictions and Counterclaims that did female. The participants more often used Bald on record that did Positive Politeness.