AN ANALYSIS OF LEXICAL COHESION IN OSCAR WILDE'S THE HAPPY PRINCE.
AN ANAI,YSIS
OI'LDXICdL COI{ESION IN OSCAR
W\I,T'E'S THE HA PPY PR]NCE
A ThBis
Sabntued ln Pddi"t Fuuillrudt of th.
rt
R.quiwdlt
Dccra oJAadotu Saaru
By
ENGUSB
DE
PAIIIa{ENT-F ACULTY OT LETTERS
AT\IDALAS UNIVERSITY
PADANG
toto
Skipsi ini mdDak d pcnbahasn di bidds ilmu linguinik yds
he oitan de.8e kduculd p€nnda lineuistik yaitu kohesi leksiknt yana d6lam
hika:rat fly Ea?w Ptirce
Osr Wildc. Tujun p€nulitr skipsi ini
jcnis-jcnh
unluk nencelahui
dri klhesi leksi*nl ddm hikByat reEbuq sns
unntk mengclabui jdis kohesi leksikil )dg paling bmy.k nuncDl dald hikaldr
Tte Happy Pdnce kam8m Os6 Wilde ini,
Dalm p.nclitie ini. penulis nengualisis b€rdgarka. rcori kohei
g
dikdulnltr olch Hrllidry d& Hsn (1976), Dsta prda sknpsi i.i didbil dri
hik^ytr 17c Ea?p! Pria.e. p&gl?f dllm hikayd i.i dib:gi Dqjadi lima b€t6
vgDfl
g dioaiish esuai dengo kenuculd penoda ljnguistik
g ada di
riap{irp sgnen trtrbuL Penulis menggunakm nctod. agih aiau disr'ibui utuk
nenemuldjenis-jenis ddi kohesi leksikll. H6il d.lhis diejiko dalato bentuk
kjmg
y
y
y
Ddi h6il drlisis ini, paulis m€nenuktr tojui jdis dsri kohesi leksikll
yaitu kolok6i. hiponin. Ep€tisi, siDonitI. &rdinj dq m€onim. Jeniej.nk
kohesi leksikal i.i nershubungko ma*na dolm suar! kalimat ke lGlinat yas
lain. Jenis kohesi leksikll
s palins seriq nuncul d:lah Ep€tis' sedaneks
meDnin merupato jenh koh6i lekrixd yes p.lins jstrs nuncul. Nanun,
kesel!run dsi jenis leksikal kohcsi ini
basian yans snsal
penring yEg memilild *el€d{ait$
lainnF dalam n€nbanCun
perpadM matna ]Ee a& pad! nikayat ini.
y
sffi
su sa
nerup
CI'APTER
I
INTRODI ICTION
1.1.
Br.kground ofrhe Stu.ty
Li.guisiic srudy is ihe srdy of ldguge. Everyd.y in
wilh l.neua8o
6r
syslen
opply the l&Auo3c.
ofcosnui€rion.
There
or
e. s n&t
tife wE
wsys
ln ol\sr hM4 in witien lm8uage, authoB
ldglage in $eirvo $
d: noveh,lales, p(ms,
such
Studying lhe lneBry
*ol*s
c
ftr
dEat
us to
eover lhe
ctc.
tE ElaLd lo rhe srudy of cohesjon
lhll
nudi6 about the ftldion ofa rexi As Hallidsy dd Hasn (1976:4) eid thor
lne don@pr
silhin
ofcohsion k snotio ons it refe6
a rext
sd
defDe
@fieEncy of e Exl.
s
a tex1. So,
I n6s
ro lhe Eldrion
ofnming €xisi
cohcsio. h ioportant in eslabtishi4 the
without rhe
*hh.ce
of cohcsion ficre
sill
6€ do
Elation mons the wods 6d senle.ces.
Coh.sion cm be
lnenry lerts. Cohesion
md lexiol 6hesion.
e ioptur delie in the lin8.i$c d*riprion
eruut h6 so bmcb6 $ch s gmnarieat
Cmnaridl
cohesion is divided inlo
cllipsn,
*vdl
ldiel
subnilution,
included into
Eiteralion d collulion. L.ncal 6hesion dcnE
wo
5 in a texl
Elatd
Ha$
in
(
1
ffis
@ sem ticolly Elded
of ihejr
976:274),
n€
in
enc w.y -
ing, (Numn 1993:23).
'lexisl cohsion
in 6tber
A@ding
is lhc @hesive efrect
@hesion
tlT!5 such
d: EfeNne,
d conjunctim while
of
ooh6ion is
when
vo'd:
lhey
!o selliday
rhievdd 6y
eo
@
sd
selecrion
of vftabulary."
11
ntus
rhat lcxical cdhesion holds
F@E the abov€ expldation,dle
lexiel
bld
cohesion
wib
is intEned in amlyzing us.
of
rr
Jion iale The Happy Prince by O5e Witde rs nrin drh. So, $js lh€sis
oM
\'lild.'s lhe Ealrt Pritut,
Ideltifiqtiotr ofthe PmbleD
Ba*d on $e b@kercund.
1.3.
inpodznt @le lo buitd s
in foming sequ€ne in 6 ulc. The ddb 6f rhh Estmh
entilles: An Anal'€is of Lexi@l Cahesicn tn
1.2,
s
the
witd
romuldres two
ffircfi
quc$ions ro
L
Whati$6of lexislcohcsion ffi Dedinbleflp apn Pli6e
2.
\r'hat 9?cs of ldi@l @hesion
Objetive
or rbe
In ihis
fiey are
e
mostly
n*i
by
Os
in The Happ Pirce by
study
ssion,
lhe
wib
wanls lo
Ep€tition, symnyny,
ide ii/
d5e
tyFs of
lqiql
@hesion,
dlonynr. h}?onyoy. nercnyo.
collMtion. Aner finding lhe typei lhc
*rii* .pp€s
lexi@l cohdion in lale ?€ 1'@a Prjrre by
the
O$a Wilde.
noctly
md
used ryp€s
of
CIIAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
Aner aEltzi.g the
d'4
the
wirer interl'Ets
veious types of lexial @hesion slated
i.
rhar Os@r
the talc 7'le
tqpt
P/rtr..
i.
additio., the lexiel cohEion cm helr L\e @deu undcMnd thc tr
lexical ohesion is very imporlant in oonslructine mrcnes
sollzd
ln lhe prcvious
cohcsion. such
6
oueation.
ole ofrie type
shows
The
segnents,
is very
rtp€titi.. 27 lincs or
hlTonyn
tim6 o!
1.69%,
ud
I
5.58olq
me@nFy
I
6ier
to
dbh
wilde's the Happ!
The ryp6 ol
ln
tlc.
in rhc
lcxicd
Md
cohesion
35.10%,
dtoDm
qles is dilfce.t thc)
6llooti6n
12 times
15
&
rines 6r l9,4n/q
or l5,t37q synonys 9 lincs
or 2.60%. The dominanr t
!e ol l€xiGl
i.
d
cohesion is
conveyire tlE
ble. b o$er word, Wilde qmrs to expre$ his ider lo hh Eadd6
Otenll. lhc
@
hc
Osd wildc uss qpcs of
Epdilion. Tne us of Ep€tition tlTe explains Wilde's puQoses
ncdi.r ollhc
thc
cdcial in inrerprcrinS $e lale. The finding
l*iql
respectiveiy:
1
us of
Thc
diony6. rep€tiliorl synonyo. memnlm, hypontr.
$ot lhc @uffice of
12
n$,
Wildc ues
*.ilo
the
concludcs lhal by applying lcxi@l
nming. h
PnM
is
addilion. ihc ue of lcrical cohcsion in
\cq impotui
L.aisl sh6ion
idas*ithin de crt ofthe hlc.
coh6iol! lhc €adc6
to build rhe rext ro b€cofte
suppon cach 0016 to
fom oh6ive
Oee
mhere.l.
rd ol8ai4n
l{alliday, M.A.K. md Ruqaiya
l.ongrm Erup Ltd
ljas
t976. aahesn,.
Kai, Jir. 2008, Idinl Coheskn Pdtem in
LinEuiiits: A Anpaldile 9r4.
NS
md
NNS
ir
E g/t3r. London:
Dise4.ioh
in
Appl.d
Up/4i|!.l1l!J!s!r!qi!!rqL!!rl&!!!4@?!!!j!.!!p
Klebanov,
B*h Bcigman
d Eli Shann.2AA7. Rea.ler'D6ed Erplorcrnn of
hnp://w.sb.inqerlink.con/anren 655n70524u563n
ll/
Lobner, Soba$im. 2002. Unded.rxlinE J.rarrrcr. NcN York: Oxldd
Univcniry Pis$. 193 MadisonAvenue.
t,y.ns, tohn.
19A]l. Lmguase
md,t a?da.
Cmbridgci Cdbrldgc UnivcNiry
,n.r/B.ldtr,r. E.glmd: Pcnguin Crcup Ltd.
Okta\isls 2004.lmlisd Vm: Teon d lplit6i Pad^nC: ftogtfr
Nund. David.
1993.
Que Frodi Bzn&e d,n
Renkms,
rm
1993.
Sdh
S.6i-
Minhgknbau. Unive6iils ADdal6,
D,t o/dg Srdies, m
I
roddotr T.t1b@k
Phila4elpbial
John Benjmin Plblishidg Compmy.
Rozq rebrina 2006. ,, S4./6rrc Atulrsis oI Lexi@l hh.sion in Lotl B],mn
,ocm. Pada4; Enslish Depanment ofAndalas univeNity.
t
Stokei Ni6la B. Sc. 2004. Appl iolion of Lexical Coh6ion; Anabzing lhe Topic
Deianion .nd T@kin8 DoDain.
hnb://inismoi.ucd.ie/-nstotevobli6tionr€1ok6 Thesn 2oolNation:l
Unive6ity of I relond
Terdmbdd.. Yohmncs. 2009. Ah Ahausn o! T.:1uali4 in ?ne shklen^
AtEunentotive wrilins at ne Enslnh Depdred aJ Fddtu, of
Hun itieeRng Edlo Uniw.si4r. Prdmgi English EduMri.n Section.
Ldguage Educrtion Pto8ff. Cmdule P6grm. Slrte Univcairy ol
)reLa Te*nik,lmlisn Baha\o Yagyakatu: Dub
'lan
wasna Unive6iq De$.
Suddyanta, 1993. Meto,le
OI'LDXICdL COI{ESION IN OSCAR
W\I,T'E'S THE HA PPY PR]NCE
A ThBis
Sabntued ln Pddi"t Fuuillrudt of th.
rt
R.quiwdlt
Dccra oJAadotu Saaru
By
ENGUSB
DE
PAIIIa{ENT-F ACULTY OT LETTERS
AT\IDALAS UNIVERSITY
PADANG
toto
Skipsi ini mdDak d pcnbahasn di bidds ilmu linguinik yds
he oitan de.8e kduculd p€nnda lineuistik yaitu kohesi leksiknt yana d6lam
hika:rat fly Ea?w Ptirce
Osr Wildc. Tujun p€nulitr skipsi ini
jcnis-jcnh
unluk nencelahui
dri klhesi leksi*nl ddm hikByat reEbuq sns
unntk mengclabui jdis kohesi leksikil )dg paling bmy.k nuncDl dald hikaldr
Tte Happy Pdnce kam8m Os6 Wilde ini,
Dalm p.nclitie ini. penulis nengualisis b€rdgarka. rcori kohei
g
dikdulnltr olch Hrllidry d& Hsn (1976), Dsta prda sknpsi i.i didbil dri
hik^ytr 17c Ea?p! Pria.e. p&gl?f dllm hikayd i.i dib:gi Dqjadi lima b€t6
vgDfl
g dioaiish esuai dengo kenuculd penoda ljnguistik
g ada di
riap{irp sgnen trtrbuL Penulis menggunakm nctod. agih aiau disr'ibui utuk
nenemuldjenis-jenis ddi kohesi leksikll. H6il d.lhis diejiko dalato bentuk
kjmg
y
y
y
Ddi h6il drlisis ini, paulis m€nenuktr tojui jdis dsri kohesi leksikll
yaitu kolok6i. hiponin. Ep€tisi, siDonitI. &rdinj dq m€onim. Jeniej.nk
kohesi leksikal i.i nershubungko ma*na dolm suar! kalimat ke lGlinat yas
lain. Jenis kohesi leksikll
s palins seriq nuncul d:lah Ep€tis' sedaneks
meDnin merupato jenh koh6i lekrixd yes p.lins jstrs nuncul. Nanun,
kesel!run dsi jenis leksikal kohcsi ini
basian yans snsal
penring yEg memilild *el€d{ait$
lainnF dalam n€nbanCun
perpadM matna ]Ee a& pad! nikayat ini.
y
sffi
su sa
nerup
CI'APTER
I
INTRODI ICTION
1.1.
Br.kground ofrhe Stu.ty
Li.guisiic srudy is ihe srdy of ldguge. Everyd.y in
wilh l.neua8o
6r
syslen
opply the l&Auo3c.
ofcosnui€rion.
There
or
e. s n&t
tife wE
wsys
ln ol\sr hM4 in witien lm8uage, authoB
ldglage in $eirvo $
d: noveh,lales, p(ms,
such
Studying lhe lneBry
*ol*s
c
ftr
dEat
us to
eover lhe
ctc.
tE ElaLd lo rhe srudy of cohesjon
lhll
nudi6 about the ftldion ofa rexi As Hallidsy dd Hasn (1976:4) eid thor
lne don@pr
silhin
ofcohsion k snotio ons it refe6
a rext
sd
defDe
@fieEncy of e Exl.
s
a tex1. So,
I n6s
ro lhe Eldrion
ofnming €xisi
cohcsio. h ioportant in eslabtishi4 the
without rhe
*hh.ce
of cohcsion ficre
sill
6€ do
Elation mons the wods 6d senle.ces.
Coh.sion cm be
lnenry lerts. Cohesion
md lexiol 6hesion.
e ioptur delie in the lin8.i$c d*riprion
eruut h6 so bmcb6 $ch s gmnarieat
Cmnaridl
cohesion is divided inlo
cllipsn,
*vdl
ldiel
subnilution,
included into
Eiteralion d collulion. L.ncal 6hesion dcnE
wo
5 in a texl
Elatd
Ha$
in
(
1
ffis
@ sem ticolly Elded
of ihejr
976:274),
n€
in
enc w.y -
ing, (Numn 1993:23).
'lexisl cohsion
in 6tber
A@ding
is lhc @hesive efrect
@hesion
tlT!5 such
d: EfeNne,
d conjunctim while
of
ooh6ion is
when
vo'd:
lhey
!o selliday
rhievdd 6y
eo
@
sd
selecrion
of vftabulary."
11
ntus
rhat lcxical cdhesion holds
F@E the abov€ expldation,dle
lexiel
bld
cohesion
wib
is intEned in amlyzing us.
of
rr
Jion iale The Happy Prince by O5e Witde rs nrin drh. So, $js lh€sis
oM
\'lild.'s lhe Ealrt Pritut,
Ideltifiqtiotr ofthe PmbleD
Ba*d on $e b@kercund.
1.3.
inpodznt @le lo buitd s
in foming sequ€ne in 6 ulc. The ddb 6f rhh Estmh
entilles: An Anal'€is of Lexi@l Cahesicn tn
1.2,
s
the
witd
romuldres two
ffircfi
quc$ions ro
L
Whati$6of lexislcohcsion ffi Dedinbleflp apn Pli6e
2.
\r'hat 9?cs of ldi@l @hesion
Objetive
or rbe
In ihis
fiey are
e
mostly
n*i
by
Os
in The Happ Pirce by
study
ssion,
lhe
wib
wanls lo
Ep€tition, symnyny,
ide ii/
d5e
tyFs of
lqiql
@hesion,
dlonynr. h}?onyoy. nercnyo.
collMtion. Aner finding lhe typei lhc
*rii* .pp€s
lexi@l cohdion in lale ?€ 1'@a Prjrre by
the
O$a Wilde.
noctly
md
used ryp€s
of
CIIAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
Aner aEltzi.g the
d'4
the
wirer interl'Ets
veious types of lexial @hesion slated
i.
rhar Os@r
the talc 7'le
tqpt
P/rtr..
i.
additio., the lexiel cohEion cm helr L\e @deu undcMnd thc tr
lexical ohesion is very imporlant in oonslructine mrcnes
sollzd
ln lhe prcvious
cohcsion. such
6
oueation.
ole ofrie type
shows
The
segnents,
is very
rtp€titi.. 27 lincs or
hlTonyn
tim6 o!
1.69%,
ud
I
5.58olq
me@nFy
I
6ier
to
dbh
wilde's the Happ!
The ryp6 ol
ln
tlc.
in rhc
lcxicd
Md
cohesion
35.10%,
dtoDm
qles is dilfce.t thc)
6llooti6n
12 times
15
&
rines 6r l9,4n/q
or l5,t37q synonys 9 lincs
or 2.60%. The dominanr t
!e ol l€xiGl
i.
d
cohesion is
conveyire tlE
ble. b o$er word, Wilde qmrs to expre$ his ider lo hh Eadd6
Otenll. lhc
@
hc
Osd wildc uss qpcs of
Epdilion. Tne us of Ep€tition tlTe explains Wilde's puQoses
ncdi.r ollhc
thc
cdcial in inrerprcrinS $e lale. The finding
l*iql
respectiveiy:
1
us of
Thc
diony6. rep€tiliorl synonyo. memnlm, hypontr.
$ot lhc @uffice of
12
n$,
Wildc ues
*.ilo
the
concludcs lhal by applying lcxi@l
nming. h
PnM
is
addilion. ihc ue of lcrical cohcsion in
\cq impotui
L.aisl sh6ion
idas*ithin de crt ofthe hlc.
coh6iol! lhc €adc6
to build rhe rext ro b€cofte
suppon cach 0016 to
fom oh6ive
Oee
mhere.l.
rd ol8ai4n
l{alliday, M.A.K. md Ruqaiya
l.ongrm Erup Ltd
ljas
t976. aahesn,.
Kai, Jir. 2008, Idinl Coheskn Pdtem in
LinEuiiits: A Anpaldile 9r4.
NS
md
NNS
ir
E g/t3r. London:
Dise4.ioh
in
Appl.d
Up/4i|!.l1l!J!s!r!qi!!rqL!!rl&!!!4@?!!!j!.!!p
Klebanov,
B*h Bcigman
d Eli Shann.2AA7. Rea.ler'D6ed Erplorcrnn of
hnp://w.sb.inqerlink.con/anren 655n70524u563n
ll/
Lobner, Soba$im. 2002. Unded.rxlinE J.rarrrcr. NcN York: Oxldd
Univcniry Pis$. 193 MadisonAvenue.
t,y.ns, tohn.
19A]l. Lmguase
md,t a?da.
Cmbridgci Cdbrldgc UnivcNiry
,n.r/B.ldtr,r. E.glmd: Pcnguin Crcup Ltd.
Okta\isls 2004.lmlisd Vm: Teon d lplit6i Pad^nC: ftogtfr
Nund. David.
1993.
Que Frodi Bzn&e d,n
Renkms,
rm
1993.
Sdh
S.6i-
Minhgknbau. Unive6iils ADdal6,
D,t o/dg Srdies, m
I
roddotr T.t1b@k
Phila4elpbial
John Benjmin Plblishidg Compmy.
Rozq rebrina 2006. ,, S4./6rrc Atulrsis oI Lexi@l hh.sion in Lotl B],mn
,ocm. Pada4; Enslish Depanment ofAndalas univeNity.
t
Stokei Ni6la B. Sc. 2004. Appl iolion of Lexical Coh6ion; Anabzing lhe Topic
Deianion .nd T@kin8 DoDain.
hnb://inismoi.ucd.ie/-nstotevobli6tionr€1ok6 Thesn 2oolNation:l
Unive6ity of I relond
Terdmbdd.. Yohmncs. 2009. Ah Ahausn o! T.:1uali4 in ?ne shklen^
AtEunentotive wrilins at ne Enslnh Depdred aJ Fddtu, of
Hun itieeRng Edlo Uniw.si4r. Prdmgi English EduMri.n Section.
Ldguage Educrtion Pto8ff. Cmdule P6grm. Slrte Univcairy ol
)reLa Te*nik,lmlisn Baha\o Yagyakatu: Dub
'lan
wasna Unive6iq De$.
Suddyanta, 1993. Meto,le