The effects of vocabulary before reading and question before reading on the students' reading comprehension achievement - Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya Repository
APPENDICBS
68
APPENDIXA
THE CALCULATIONOF THE DIFFICULTY INDEX AND
DISCzuMINATIONPOWEROF THE FIRSTTRY-OUT
Item
Number
1
2
3
4
o
Discrimination Interpretation
Power
Difficulty Index
Interpretation
Poor
Satisfactorv
Satisfactory
0.961
0.569
0.784
Easy
Moderate
Easy
0.07
Poor
0.922
Easy
0.29
0.07
Satisfactorv
Poor
Poor
0.824
0.373
0.07
0.29
v.zJ
0.14
tt
u.c
o
0.21
10
U.JO
11
0
12
0.14
IJ
14
15
16
17
18
IY
20
21
22
z.>
aA
25
26
27
z6
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.57
0.21
0.5
0.29
0.43
0
0.07
0.5
U. JO
0.36
0.43
0.21
0.07
ZY
0.14
2n
0.29
Good
Satisfactory
Satisfactorv
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Good
Satisfactory
Good
Satisfactory
Good
Poor
Poor
Good
Satisfactory
Satisfactorv
Good
Satisfactory
Poor
Poor
Satisfactory
0.686
0.765
0.588
0.863
0.98
0.922
0.98
0.922
0.961
0.353
0.824
0.255
0.804
0.608
0.863
0.392
0.392
0.804
0.784
0.529
0.902
0.902
0.941
0.765
Easy
Moderate
Moderate
Easy
Moderate
Easy
Easy
Easy
Easy
Easv
Easy
Moderate
Easy
Difficult
Easy
Moderate
Easy
Moderate
Moderate
Easy
Easy
Moderate
Easy
Easv
Easy
Easy
69
FIRSTTRY OUT
NO.
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4
20
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45
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27
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ll
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t0
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00
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ll0
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I ll
tot
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ttl00l
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l00l
tl
0010
rl
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l0l
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l
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r rl00l
100100
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00
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t ll
t0
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I I0100
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l t 0010
|
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r 1000
0l0l
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l
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t {} t0
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22
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22
)2
2l
2l
20
20
20
20
20
2l
20
9
8
IJ
1l
7
7
7
7
70
DISCRIMINATION
POWER
NO .
2
4
l0
l6
ll
20
4I
3
29
33
36
50
9
IJ
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
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7
3
lll0lllt
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tlllllll
tlllllll
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lll0ltll
lll0llll
ltl0ll0l
llllllll
l00llrtl
lll00tll
14 I'l
5
o
FIRSTTRY OUT
IT E M N U MB E R
7
8
9
l0
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t2
IJ
l4
I
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I
I
I
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t)
14
13
6
1 0 1 4 1 0 1 4 1 4 1 4 '14 1 4 1 4
index 0. 07 0. 2 9 0.29 0.07 0 .2 9 0.07 0 . 1 4 U . J 0.21 U . J O
0 0 't4 0.07 0.07 0.07
inler poor sat sat poor sat poor poor good sat sat poor poor poor poor poor
^l
o
13
7 1 0 12
I
7
7
I
14 12 13 13 13
27
l0ll0llll0
I
28
1001010001
I
49
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5l
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35
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0
38
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7
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46
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1010101001
I
llllll0l00
30
I
lrll00l0ll
I
48
l00tll00l0
I
71
POWER
DISCRIMINATION
II'EM NUMBER
22 23 24
0l
0t
00
ll
0l
0l
NO .
t7
l6
2
ll
A
l1
1l
00
ll
l0
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ll
ll
0l
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II
tl
l0
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20
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3
29
JJ
JO
50
9
13
cu
12
l8
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20
FIRSTTRY OUT
2
I
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I
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I
0
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0
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ll
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ll
l0
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29
30
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12 1 4 1 1
lndex u . c/ o.21 0 . 5 0.29 0.43
0.07 0 . 5 0.36 0.36 0.43 o . 2 10.07 0 . 1 4 0.29
good sal gooo poor poor gooo sal sal gooo sat ooor poor sat
i n t er gooo
't 1 12
cl
1
10
5
14
4
2
9
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7
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28
49
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at
35
38
7
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46
5
30
47
48
Y
14
ll000ll0ll00
0l0llll0l0ll
000001001101
0l000l00ll0l
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11
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ll
)
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l
tl
l0
l0
ll
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ll
ll
l0
l0
t0
l0
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72
APENDIX B
THE CALCULATIONFORRELIABILITYKR-2I
OF THE FIRSTTRY OUT
Numberof
Students
X
t
1
20
27
25
27
t7
400
JJ
24
576
729
J+
l9
625
J)
25
729
z)
529
l8
324
529
36
37
38
39
361
625
529
361
529
441
676
576
529
484
529
2
J
4
5
6
7
8
z)
9
.,, A
l0
27
1l
289
40
.A? 1l
26
576
729
676
t2
22
l3
14
15
.A
z)
529
729
27
43
22
484
44
ZJ
s76
45
46
47
48
49
50
18
l7
l7
20
)l
zz
s76
11
20
l8
t9
22
400
484
676
1n
2l
18
2l
22
LJ
19
",'^
1A
25
20
zo
20
20
25
27
28
29
30
tt
.tA
ZJ
')A
LJ
21
26
42
l6
26
l9
25
20
324
Total
1134
441
n
Mean
5t
22.2353
SD
KR-21
2.937
0.333
s29
361
576
400
400
400
625
289
.A
s76
JI
22
484
)z
2)
625
JZ+
289
289
400
62s
400
484
25646
73
FIRSTTRY OUT
TOTAL
ITEM NUMI]ER
NO.
5 o 7 8 9 t0 ll
I
l00l1l
l0lllll
r
l00l0l
r0l
l0ll
l0l00
t I
I
ll0l0l
r 01000
|
I I I l0l
I
I I I I I
0l
lllllll
l00t1l1
0001I
I I
l00l
l I l
| 01001I
llllltl
tOl
I I I I
0010l
I I
l01ll01
lllllll
001I
I I I
l I l00l
I
t 000
r1I
l0
t00
r l
l0tl0ll
r tl0l0l
I
0l
I I l0l
010001I
l0l
lll
I
? 3 .+
lll
llt
,ltl
lll
i0l0
L0l0
LOtl
t00l
lt
l0
ltll
tlll
Llll
l0lt
r2ll 3 l l 4 1 5 l 6 t 7 l 8 ll 9 201
2 l 221
)4
z5 26 27 28 293 0
I I 0
I 0l
10101001001I
0 I I
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.lllllllll0ll
0 I I
I I ll
I I I l0l
rl
I I tl
3
I I I
I I ll
Ll
I I I I I l l l0l
4
I I 0
I 0l
)l
I l0l0l0l00l
5
I I I
I 0l
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6
(l I I
| 0 ll
Lltt000
t0lt0
7
I I I
0 0l
8
ttllll0llll0l
I I 0
I ll
tlllll0l0tl0l
9
l0
I I I
I ll
tl
I I I l0l
I l00l
ll
I I I
I ll
Llllll0lll0ll
1
2
l
l
I
1 1
)
l
I
l
0
t
0
l
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0
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r
I
--;;IJ
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I I I I I I I l00l
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r l l 101.0
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ts l0rl
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t00l
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I ll
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42
llll
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lrtl0l0lllot0
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ll
tlr
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llll
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tl
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-- 4 5
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-- 46 r l l l
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n- r 0 0 l
l l00l0l
Lt 0 | 0l0l0l00
t I 0l
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48
tlll
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rl
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I 0l
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49
Lllt
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Llll0l0l0l0ll
0 ll
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50
rlll
l00
t I ll
Ll
l I01000
t001
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5t
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Ll
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t0000010
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I I I
Correct 4 6 26
44 3 9 t 7 J J 3 6 27 4 t 4 7 44 4'l 44 46 l 8 39 t 3 40 J I A ' 20 l 8 39 3 8 26 43 43 45
n
fl
fl
)l 5l 5l 5l )l 5l 5l 5l 5l 5l 5l 5l 5l 5l 5l 5l 5l 5l 5l fl
5l 5l 5l 5l 5l 5l 5l
2
n27
27
17
zc
18
ZJ
24
27
zo
22
22
27
24
20
zz
zo
18
21
ZJ
19
24
20
20
20
IJ
17
24
22
zc
24
'19
ZJ
23
19
ZJ
21
zo
24
22
18
17
17
20
ZJ
20
22
'74
APPENDIXC
THE CALCULATION OF THE DIFFICULTY INDEX AND
DISCRIMINATIONPOWEROF THE SECONDTRY-OUT
Item
Number
Discrimination Interpretation
Power
Diffrculty Index
Interpretation
Moderate
0,38
0.38
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
0.63
0.83
0.54
0.31
Good
0.56
Moderate
.'A
5
0.31
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
0.9
0.27
Easy
Difficult
6
7
0,92
Excellent
Moderate
0.92
0.38
Excellent
0.65
0.58
0.65
0.85
0.23
Difficult
Motleratc
2
J
8
Satisfactory
Easy
Moderate
Moderate
Easy
9
l0
i1
12
l3
l4
l5
0.23
0.38
0.62
Satisfactory
0.54
0.46
0.56
0.21
Good
0.29
D i l l i c ul t
l6
0.23
Satisfactory
t7
18
l9
20
21
22
0.46
Good
Easy
Difficult
0.69
0.54
0.69
0.54
0.46
Good
Good
0.73
0.27
0.56
0.6
Good
0.63
Moderate
Good
Easy
Good
0.31
Satisfactory
0.83
0.85
0.79
0.23
0.46
0.46
0.38
0.38
0.54
0.46
Satisfactory
0.6
0.63
0.23
0.23
Moderzrte
.A
25
zo
27
28
29
30
0.31
0.46
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Good
0.46
Good
0.54
Cood
Good
Good
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Good
Good
0.6
0.77
0.35
Moder:rte
Moderate
Difllctrlt
Moderate
Moderate
Easy
Easy
Moderate
Difficult
Difficult
Moderate
Easy
Moderate
75
SECONDTRY OUT
NO .
ITEM NUMBER
z
sl26l27|2812e|3o
l l 2 l 3 l 4 l s l o l z l r l s l r o rl r l r zrl: lr +rl s rl otl z tl s tl s l z o l122123]|2412
I
I
48
t2
l6
29
7
l0
2l
JJ
35
IA
l5
20
?7
t7
34
40
4l
43
39
I
I
I
I
I
I
0
I
I
0
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0
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0
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I
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0
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I
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I
I
I
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0
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I
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0
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t
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0
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I
I
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0
0
0
U
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0
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0
0
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0
0
0
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0
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0
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0
0
0
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0
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0
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0
0
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t0
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l
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ll
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1 91 51 97 1 3 z 0t o l t 2 l z z z t z l z z i . t z o , t t l r r u n
C . L O W E Rr r l r 6 l r u l r3el le l 6 l r 3 l r 7
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ro
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I 00
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| 0 I 0 I 00000
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llt
X
6
6
5
4
A
4
4
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
9
i
8
j
7
/o
TRYOUT
SECOND
POWER
DISCRIMINATION
NO.
32
48
I2
l6
29
i
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
0
I
I
0
I
I
11
2
3
5
I
I
I
0
I
I
10110
l0lll
tllll
l0ltl
lllll
lllll
lllll
I
I
I
I
0
l4
I
0
33
13 10
i n dex 0.38 0. 38 0.54
nter sat sat gooo
o
cl
8
46
l1l1000ll0
0010000110
2
0101001010
38
1001000010
l8
5
t101000000
ll
0101000011
I-t
1001000010
42
r1000001t0
3
0000000010
45
1001100100
9
0111000010
JI
0100010110
0101000100
6
47
llt100101l
l00lll00l0
48
7
l0
o
ITEMNUMBER
8
9
7
ll0
llr
l0l
llr
llr
l0l
l0l
l0l
l0l
100
l0l
lll
l0l
l0
1l
t2
1
0
I
0
I
I
0
I
I
I
I
0
I
IJ
l4
l5
111
lll
llr
llr
tOtl
00rl
001
l0l
r01r1
ll0
l0lll
001
ltll0
l0l
lOttl
100
l0lll
l0l
l0lll
13
5
13 13 11 13
5
1
I
10
0.31 0.31 0.92 0.92 0.38 0.23 0 . 3 1 0.46 0.46 0.54 0.38 0.62
saI
sat exc exc sat sat sal gooo gooo gooo sat good
6
I
1
1
o
1
10
1
1
0000
0
0l0l
0
0t00
I
0000
I
0
000t)
0000
0
0000
0
1000
I
I
t000
1000
0
0
0000
0100
0
0000
l
I
llll
ll0l
I
77
DISCRIMINATIONPOWER
TRYOUT
SECOND
ITEMNUMBER
NO .
22
24 25 26 27 28 29 3 0
'll
I
lOtl
I
l0l
I
ll
tOll
l
l0l
ll
1
l0ll
0ll
48
llll
t1
I
I
001
12 0 0 l l
I
0l
010
l6
lttt
I
00
l0l
29
tOtl
00
lll
I
()
37
llt0
ll
I
0ll
7
00ll
ll
I
001
l0
lllt
,,
ll
I
010
()
l4
llll
I
0l
l0l
2l
llll
t)
I
l0
001
I
33
l0l0
ll
l0l
0
l?
11
6
1
12 1 3 a a
12
I
10
o
5
13
7
Inoex o.230. 46 u.ov 0.54 0.69 0.54 0.46 0.31 0.23 0.tto 0.46 0.38 0.38 0.54 0 4 6
inter sat good gooo good gooo good good sat sal gooct gooo sat sat qooo good
cl
at
0
4
4
3
o
I
4
6
0
0
o
o
1
46
l0000tlll000lOti
2
l0t0l00ttl00tOtJ
38
0001010t0000tt{)
l8
1000t110t0000t0
5
l00t00II0000I|0
ll
000101010100tt0
l0ll0ll0l0000l0
42
001000001000100
3
r0l000tll00()001
45
0000010t0100000
9
000010100100010
JI
100000100000000
6
r00000010000000
.0
0
l
I
0
I
0
0
0
0
0
|
0
I
0
48
0l0l0l00ll0tt0l
l6
t7
18
l9
20
2
18
APENDIX D
THE CALCULATION FORRELIABILITY KR-21
OF THE SECONDTRY OUT
Numberof
Students
X
X2
I
z
465
J
27
+
25
5
27
6
t7
7
z)
8
9
18
23
l0
l1
z+
27
216225
400
729
625
729
289
529
324
529
576
729
12
26
IJ
20
30
JI
32
JJ
tt
1A
22
25
289
576
484
625
576
J)
24
19
36
25
JI
ZJ
l9
ZJ
529
676
38
39
40
4l
625
529
361
22
484
+L
i^
1A
L1
1A
l.t
aA
LA
s76
+J
z)
15
22
27
484
729
22
23
.A
L.t
576
44
45
46
441
676
576
529
484
529
l8
324
20
400
+t
t7
22
484
676
324
441
Total
n
Mean
289
289
230825
529
SD
361
576
400
400
400
625
KR-2I
t6
17
18
19
20
21
22
ZJ
'tA
26
l8
2l
I9
25
.A
to
20
27
28
20
20
25
29
J+
48
2l
26
l7
1099
48
22.89s8
5.7547
0.7771
JOI
79
SECONDTRY OUT
NO .
ITEMNUMBER
t l 2 l 3 l 4 l s l 6 7 l 8 e l l o ll l I l 2 ll 3 l r 4ll5 t 6 l 7 l l 8 l e l 2 o lr2l)')| 2324125 76127|28129 3 0
ll
lllll0l
00
0l
ll00l
3
0l
l l10000
4
00
llll0l0
5
l0
I100001
o
00
r0000
0t
7
tl
I I I t 00l
8
00
0101000
9
t0
t 001000
0
t0
llll0l0
I
l0
0l0l00l
2
ll
ll0l0l0
3
l0
1010000
4
l0
ll0rl0r
5
r0
I I I l00l
6
ll
I I (r 0l0l
7
10
I I I I l0l
8
l0
1010000
9
ll
I101000
20
ll
I I I1000
2l
l0
I I t0001
22
l0
ll0l0ll
| | tl
ll
l0l
24
0l
I t00100
ll
l0
1001000
20
| | tOl
t0
l0
27
ll0l0l0
II
30
10 r000
| t0
29
I l00l
tl
tl
l11000
| 00
3l
1000000
00
l01r0rl
t0
JJ
I tlttOl
t0
J+
t0
I I ll00l
35
ll
ll00
| ll
JO
tl
lll0000
37
I lll0l
l l0
38
0100001
l0
39
ll
I l I l00l
40
l0
l00l0l0
4l
I I I l0l
I ll
42
0010001
00
43
I tll00l
l0
44
l l00l0l
ll
45
010
00
t000
46
I lt000l
00
47
l00l
l0
t0l
48
I lll00
t lt
C()rrcct 30t402743 I J 3 l 28. ' I 4|t |261221271101t4
35 t3127129130140
4 l 3 829 3 0 l l l l 29 3 7
'l rll4lr 4 8 48148148
l1
4 8 4 8 4 8 1 4 8 1 4 8 1 4 8 1 4814814S
48 48148148148148
48 48 4t 4tl 48 4ll 4 8 4 8 4 8
I
2
r I I l0l
I I I I l0l
I I l0l
l0l
00
I 0000
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I 0l
0l
0 I 0
00000000
I 0 I I 000
I 0 I 000
1l
ll0l
I I1001000010001
I I 0 I 00001
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I 00t
00
0l
0 I 0001
00
I 0000
I 00000
I I I l0l
I I l0l
I I10001I
I I
0l
I l0l0l1000100101l
I I
I I 00001
0l
0000000000
l0
llll
l I l0l00l00l1ll
I I I
0 l 0 I 00001
l 000000001
0l
111I
I I I I I I I1100001I
I I
l 001
0000
I 000000
l 0l
I 0l
0l0l0l
I 1l0l
I l0l
I I I I I I
0l0t
ll
l0l
I l0l
| | I l0l
I I
I I I I I I l l l0l
I000lll
I I I
l l l I I l0l101010000
t I I I
I 001
0000
I 0 I 00001
000
I I
00
l 001
000
l 00000t
I I 001
l l l l0l
l0l0l
I l00l
l0l
ll
I l I l0l
I I I I l0l00l
I I I I I
l l 1 100000000000
1 010
t l
I I ll0l
lOt
lot
I I I l0l
I I I
I I 0l
I I 0l
I 0000001
00101
l0l
l0l
I I 1010010100001
0 r 0l0l0l000
t I0000100I
l r r l00l
I l0l
l00l
l0l
I I I
0l0l
t 000l0l
I l0
tt
00l0
t
I I I I I I I I l01000l
tOlll
I
0 r 0l0l
I10001000010
t I I
0 l 000
I 0 I I 0001
00
| 00000
r I I ltt
I I l0l
I I tl
l0ll
ll
ll0l0l
I I l0l
I lOtt0l0lt
0l
l ll0l
I l00l
l00l
I t l0l
0 r l I I I I ll
I l0l00l00l
I I
001l0
t I ll00011000
t0l
I
0l
I l0l
I I l0l
I l0l
I I l0l
I
0 l 0l
001
0 I 0 I 01000001
0l
l l 0l
I 100100101010001
I
l l I l0l1l
I I I I l0l10l0l0
l l0l0l
I I10001001001I
I
l 1 000001
l 0l
1000001
000
r r0r0l
t0l0l0l0l
I l0t
I I
l l I l0l
I t 10l
I l00l0l
I I I
l 00
l | 00
I 000
I 00000000
I
l l l l000l
1000000100001
l l l1001001001000001I
I
ll0l0l
I I I I l0l
I I ll
llll
TOTAL
z3
12
Y
16
10
7
ZJ
14
8
10
ZJ
10
22
ZJ
21
10
12
21
22
14
25
14
14
14
21
15
ZJ
14
7
25
20
16
23
11
18
20
20
22
d
15
25
{t0
APPENDIXE
THE CALCULATION OF I.TESTFORPRE-TEST
No.
I
2
J
ClassA (Experimental)
XA
x'A
8
t'l
l9
2l
ClassB (Control)
XB
X'B
64
289
l0
l8
361
t7
24
441
289
361
5
6
7
t1
t9
I
8l
l4
8
64
l8
9
8
l0
0
t7
I
l9
9
l9
3
20
5
6
7
8
9
l9
361
400
225
729
ts
))<
l9
8
2l
361
64
441
484
8l
22
361
t
324
9
l8
7
289
t5
100
625
400
E
22
0
25
20
22
25
22
l8
l6
2l
27
28
29
30
JT
t7
l4
l0
7
J
34
35
36
38
39
40
4I
42
43
44
45
Total
n
Mean
SD
484
484
324
256
529
64
t2l
t2
t2
t44
t44
t)
225
289
196
ll
ll
100
579
I5
225
t2
289
169
169
196
49
l4
l2
t44
t96
t44
225
a
8l
t8
324
400
45
15.888889
4_'I6U15
324
225
8l
l2l
8l
t2l
t2l
7
l5
9
20
t4
20
20
t5
l0
7t5
196
324
576
z7
5
9
20
289
576
361
ul
100
289
361
100
324
&
196
400
400
225
100
12361
ll
9
22
l0
20
l5
l4
l0
2l
4U
100
400
225
196
100
441
z0
400
2l
441
169
IJ
20
20
ll
698
45
l5.5lllll
5.3466251
400
400
l2l
I1930
81
TEST OF HYPOTHESES:
pA : pB, there is no significant difference between the mean
Ho:
groups.
Ha:
pA * pB, there is a significant differencebetweenmean groups.
t-test,whered f : n A + n B - 2 : 8 8
t(s%) =
2.000
Calculation for t observation(to) :
A
: EXPERIMENT
Ir
1 5 .8889
n
n1x2-1lx)2
4.7684
n(n -l)
B
n :45
: CONTROL
s-
15.5111
n
n1x'-11x72
5.3466
- r, - . r ^
(nn-\s)+(n,
nr+nr-2
n:45
-l)s]
(r
\nA
1)
0.3537
nB )
Conclusion:
Because I t observationI lessthan t table thus Ho is accepted.
Therefore, we conclude that at a 50lolevel there is no significant difference
betweengroups.
82
APPENDIXF
THE CALCULATIONOF t-TESTFORPOST-TEST
No.
ClassA (Experimental)
XA
X'A
l0
100
625
2
3
25
24
5
20
400
o
l1
289
289
7
8
9
l0
l0
23
2l
2t
28
26
22
23
20
23
25
27
20
28
25
a',
27
23
22
ll
t2
IJ
l4
l5
l6
l7
l8
l9
20
al
25
zo
27
28
29
30
20
28
l8
22
576
576
625
625
t7
t9
?aq
20
22
400
4U
729
o/o
IE
4U
361
676
t96
11
s29
289
2Q
400
400
529
625
22
t2
484
t44
729
7
289
400
7U
0
0
3
00
00
ol)
729
484
ul
400
'tu
324
4U
225
s29
2l
JJ
23
441
529
529
625
361
484
38
39
40
4t
l6l
27
26
t4
23
2S
l9
l9
25
25
100
529
7U
7U
JT
34
35
36
ClassB (Control)
XB
X'B
529
0
8
0
4
6
9
t2
t7
l6
69
00
324
t00
196
256
EI
144
289
t2l
256
l6
256
22
4U
8
64
576
22
2'7
't29
64
t44
196
441
361
484
l6
-l )o
27
729
24
24
576
6
516
36
256
22
l0
8
24
28
44
100
'tu
t2
l4
2l
l9
l6
7U
t)
45
l4
t96
l9
225
36t
Total
9U
22740
/6)
t4257
n
Mean
45
2t.86r661
SD
5.2725'l
45
t7
5.3343
83
TEST OF HYPOTHESES:
pA : pB, there is no significant difference between the mean
Ho:
groups.
Ha:
pA > pB, mean scoreof A group is greaterthan B group.
t-test,wheredf : nA + nB - 2 : 88
t(s%) :
r.671
Calculationfor t observation(to) :
A
: EXPERIMENT
\--
2 t.8667
tl
n1x'-11x12
n(n -l)
B
n :45
5.272s7
: C O N T R OL
5...-
t7
n
n1x'-1\x)2
'o -
n: 45
5.3343
x.t-xn
4.3527
Conclusion:
Becauset observationmore than t table thus Ho is rejected.
Hence we conclude that the difference betweengroups is signihcant, and that the
A group is greater.
84
APPENDIXG
THE CALCULATION OF t-TESTFORDETAIL QUESTIONS
ClassA (Experimental)
Class B (Control)
No.
XA
x2A
XB
X2B
I
5
25
2
t2
t44
t44
1
l0
l0
100
t00
t2
6
7
8
9
0
I
2
J
l0
9
7
9
ll
l2
2
2
0
0
)
6
'7
8
9
9
20
t2
t1
9
9
8
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
ll
JI
ll
34
35
36
37
38
t2
8
l0
7
ll
t2l
ll
44
9
121
8l
49
44
7
00
00
2l
6
l0
9
' tl
)
25
1l
l2
l0
t44
8l
t44
6
r2l
6
t44
8l
EI
64
t44
64
6
9
6
8
8l
36
l6
64
I6
49
'l
100
36
8
64
8
l2
t44
t2
9
t2l
t69
t44
7
u
100
3
IM
9
l0
6
444
45
9.8666667
2.4734955
36
36
l0
6
t6
t2
t2
100
36
49
t2l
7
l0
43
8l
t00
t2l
8l
8l
12
l0
36
100
l6
ll
3
8l
t2l
44
100
9
9
36
100
t2l
l0
4l
Mean
SD
n
t44
40
n
t2l
6
l0
9
t2
39
44
45
Total
49
8l
l6
69
2l
22
lm
49
144
36
4650
5
u
9
t0
372
45
E.2666667
2.453t979
u
25
49
100
144
49
t2l
8l
t2l
9
81
t00
100
3340
85
TEST OF HYPOTHESES:
pA : pB, there is no significantdifference between the mean
Ho:
groups.
Ha:
pA > pB, meanscoreof A groupis greaterthan B group.
t-test, where d f : n A + n B - 2 = 8 8
r(s%):
r.671
Calculalliqu-fort observation(to) :
A
: EXPERIMENT
\-*
9.8667
n
n1x'-1\x)2
2.473
n ( n- l )
B
n :45
: CONTROL
x-
\.-
8.2667
n(x2-(zx)',
n:45
2.4532
x,t-xs
(nn-\s)+(nu-t)si( t,
n^+nt1
I )
3.0809
\rrA* rB)
Conclusion:
Becauset observationmore than t table thus Ho rs reJecteo.
Hence we concludethat the difference befweengroups is significurt, and that the
A group is greater.
86
APPENDIXH
THE CALCULATIONOF t.TESTFORVOCABULARYQUESTIONS
No.
2
3
ClassA(Expcrimental)
XA
x2A
9
7
l6
64
49
8l
49
9
l0
l0
l0
9
100
100
100
6
JO
)
25
7
7
49
49
t2l
8
7
t6
7
E
9
l0
ll
t2
I
l0
8
25
26
2'1
28
29
100
7
7
9
8l
EI
49
49
o
36
)
25
8
64
9
9
8l
8l
8l
64
t2l
8t
t2l
8l
3
7
3
o
8
ll
ll
a
8
8
&
8
64
l2l
49
64
5
30
3r
33
34
35
36
ll
'l
l6
2
7
2
7
5
4
49
49
25
t6
I
l6
8
64
3
6
36
9
36
7
9
l0
6
9
49
8l
6
6
3
2
8l
9
3
5
9
7
6
EI
49
8
64
ll
2l
2l
2l
44
t2
t2
M
45
o
36
M
3265
Total
45
8.1555556
2.48592
36
36
4
ll
ll
o
100
36
4l
SD
l6
4
00
Mean
o
49
9
9
25
l0
n
l
l6
3
38
39
40
43
ll
EI
100
q
22
l6
64
l2l
t2l
8l
l0
4
l
5
6
7
8
9
20
ClassB (Control)
XB
X?B
2
4
l6
9
25
36
)
4
5
3
25
6
259
45
5.7555556
2.54197W
9
t775
87
TEST OF HYPOTHESES:
pA : pB, there is no significant difference between the mean
Ho:
groups.
I-Ia
i
trA > trB, mean scoreof A group is greaterthan B group.
t-test,wheredf : nA + nB - 2 : 88
t(s%) =
1.671
Calculation for t observation(to) :
A
:EXPERIMENT
\--
8.156
n
n1x2-(lx)2
B
n: 45
2.4859
: CONTROL
Y-
5 .7 556
n
n1x2- (Zx)2
2.54197
n(n -l)
.o *
n=45
xt-xn
l@^-rys)*1r,-gri(r . r )
l,A * rE)
\
"^.rr-2
4.5281
Conclusion:
Becauset observationmore than t table thus Ho is rejected.
Hence we conclude that the difference between groups is signihcant, and that the
A group is greater.
88
APPENDIXI
THE CALCULATION OF I.TEST FOR REFERENCE WORD QUESTIONS
No.
I
2
3
5
6
'l
8
l0
ll
t2
IJ
l4
l5
l6
t'l
It
l9
z0
'r'l
22
23
24
25
26
?1
28
29
30
3l
J)
36
38
39
40
ClassA (Experimental)
XA
X"A
I
J
I
9
9
9
)
4
J
J
2
2
2
7
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
l
3
2
I
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
9
9
9
9
9
9
o
9
9
q
9
9
9
9
9
4
o
9
I
2
2
3
2
3
3
9
I
9
9
I
2
2
4
I
I
2
3
I
9
2
0
0
I
4
2
4
4
4
4
2
3
4
I
4
9
I
9
I
I
I
I
2
I
I
I
z
4
45
Total
0
0
SD
9
9
9
2
2
M
Mean
I
2
X,B
I
I
102
45
2.2ffi661
0.7198485
2
3
3
3
2
2
3
2
3
3
I
42
43
n
XB
I
2
2
2
4l
ClassB (Control)
I
I
3
9
I
I
3
9
I
I
254
I
I
87
45
1.9333333
0.83666
199
89
TESTOF HYPOTHESES:
pA : pB, there is no significantdifference between the metLn
Ho:
groups.
Ila
:
pA > pB, meanscoreof A groupis greaterthan B group.
t-test, where df : nA + nB - 2 : 88
r(s%):
t.671
Calculationfor t observation(to) :
A
: EXPERIMENT
Y-
2.2667
n
n1x2-1lx)2
0 .7 198
n(n -l)
B
n:45
: CONTROL
\--
1 .9 333
n
n 1x2-1 Z x)2
0.83666
n(n -l)
I t) =
n:45
xs-xn
2.0259
Conclusion:
Becauset observationmore than t table thus Ho is rejected.
Hence we concludethat the difference between groupsis significant,andthat the
A group is greater.
90
APPENDIXJ
THE CALCULATIONOF t-TESTFORMAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
No.
2
3
ClassA (Experimental)
XA
X'A
0
2
2
4
5
2
6
'l
2
2
0
2
2
2
8
9
0
2
0
'l
I
4
0
2
0
2
2
2
0
0
2
I
0
I
5
6
I
2
2
2
0
1
0
ClassB (Control)
XB
X,B
I
I
2
2
4
2
2
4
2
d
2
9
I
0
20
2
0
0
0
2l
2
22
I
0
0
24
2
2
2
0
0
0
4
t
25
Ztt
2'l
28
29
30
JI
33
34
35
36
38
39
40
4l
42
43
45
Total
n
Mean
SD
4
0
2
2
2
0
0
2
0
0
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I
I
I
I
I
0
2
2
I
I
0
I
0
2
0
2
2
2
I
2
2
2
1l
45
1.57't7778
0.6567443
4
l3l
0
I
I
I
I
2
4
79
4'7
45
|.0444444
0.8244986
91
TEST OF HYPOTHESES:
pA : pB, there is no significant difference between the mean
Ho:
groups.
Ha:
pA > trB, mean scoreof A group is greaterthan B group.
t-test, where d f : n A + n B - 2 : 8 8
(s%) :
1.671
(to) :
Calculationfor t otrservation
A
: EXPERIMENT
Y*
1 .5 778
n
n 1x2-(1 x1 2
B
n:45
0.656744
: CONTROL
s*
1 .0 444
n
n(x'-(lx1'
Io=
n:45
0.8245
xt-xa
3.3941I
Conclusion:
Becauset observationmore than t table thus Ho is rejected.
Hence we concludethat the difference between groups is significant, and that the
A group is greater.
t2
APPENDIXK
CriticalValuesof the t Distribution
Alpha (c)
Df
2
A
5
6
'7
0.100
3.078
0.050
6.314
1.886
1.638
1.533
1.476
1.440
2.920
2.353
12;t06
4.303
3.182
2.132
2.176
, nl <
2.s71
2.447
2.365
2.620
2.228
2.201
8
9
10
1.397
1.943
1.895
1.860
1.383
1.833
t-Jtz
1l
r.363
t2
1.356
1.350
1.345
1.341
1.812
|.796
1.782
1.771.
1.761
IJ
t4
l5
16
't.l
l8
l9
20
2l
22
z)
r.418
l.5J
I
r.333
r.333
1.328
1.325
t.)zJ
t.321
1.319
.\A
1.3r8
25
t . 3I 6
1 . 3I 5
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
120
inf
2.306
2.t79
t.740
2.t68
2.145
2.t31
2.120
2.110
t.743
2.t01
t.'t29
2.093
2.086
2.080
2.074
2.069
2.064
2.060
2.042
) o\)
2.048
2.045
2.042
2.021
2.000
L980
1.960
r.753
1.7
46
t.725
|.721
t . 7t 7
t.714
t . 7 lI
r.7 0 8
1 . 3l 4
t.706
1.703
l . l 3I
t.701
l.3ll
1.699
1.697
1.684
1 . 6 |7
1.658
1.645
1.310
1.303
1.296
1.289
1382
0.025
0 . 0 t 0 0.005
3 1 . 8 2 1 63.65'l
6.965
9.925
4.541
5.841
4.604
3.365 4.O32
3.143 3.707
2.998
3.499
2.896
J.J))
2.821
3.250
2 ; 7 6 4 3.169
2.718
3.106
2.681
3.055
2.650
3.012
2.624
2.9't7
2.602
2.947
2.s83 2.921
2.567
2.898
2.5s2 2.8'78
2.639
2.861
2.528
2.845
2 . 5l 8
2 . 8 5I
2.508
2.819
2.500
2.80'.7
2.492
2.797
2.485
2.787
2.45'7 2 ; t 7 9
2.77|
2.467
2.763
2.462
2.156
2.457
2.750
z.+tt
2.704
2.390
2.660
2.358
2.617
2.326
2.576
Source:Arcana, 1996:134
Notes:
Df: degreeoffreedom
913
APPENDIXL
LESSONPLAN FORTHE FIRSTTREATMENT
LESSON PLAN
(Controlgroup,meetingone)
Subject
'fheme
English
SubTheme
Television
Skills
Reading
Class
Junior High School,Third Year
Semester
'Iime
Allocated
2
Mass Media
lx 45minutes
A. Competence
l. BasicCompetence
Reading : Studentsareable to get someinformationfrom thc readinstext
abouttelevision
2. AchievementIndicator
Studeutsare able to:
r read the text with the correct pronunciation.
. answerthe meaningof the vocabulariesfound in the text.
. atlswercomprehensionquestionsabout the text orally.
o answerthe multiple choice questionsrelatedto the text.
B. Learning Materials
r Readingtext "Is television a good or bad thing?" adaptedfrom EnglishJbr
Communicationfor JuniorHigh SchoolGrade3, page6g.
r Media: Hand out, picture
q4
C. Teachingand LearningActivities
l. Approoch:
r CommunicativeApproach
r Competency
BasedApproach
2. Iechniquer
o Questionandanswer
o Explanation
r
Discussion
3 . C l o gA cl i vi ti g :
CONTROLGROUP
Pre-Reading
Activities
l. Studentsareaskedto answersometriggeringquestionsaboutthe
picturestickedon the whiteboardorally.
Whilst-Readinq
Activities
2. Studentsareaskedto listento the teacher'sreadingthetext.
3. Studentsareaskedto readthe text aloudparagraph
by paragraph.
4. Studentsareaskedto find diffrcultwordsin the text.
5. Studentsareaskedto listento theteacher'sexplainingthemeaningof
the difficult words.
6. studentsareaskedto answersomecomprehension
questionsrelatedlo
thetext orally.
Post-Reading
Activities
7. Studentsareaskedto answerthe multiplechoicequestions.
8. Studentsareaskedto discussthe answerof the multiplechoice
questions.
9. Studentsareaskedto listento the teacher'sreviewinsthe text.
D. Assessment
> studentsareaskedto answerthe comprehension
questionsin the tbrm of
multiplechoices.
95
E. References/Resources:
Heasley,Brandon.2003
.Englishfor Communicqtion.Jakarta.Erlangga.
96
The Steps
Procedures
Skills/
Teacher'sActivities
Students'Activities
Time
Components
Pre-Reading Speaking
Activities
Listening
l. Teachergreetsthe
l. Studentsrespondto
1'
t
studentsandmentions the teacher'sgreeting.
the topic of the lesson
that day.
2. Teacherasksthe
2. Studentslook at the
studentsto look at the pictureon the
picturestickedon the
whiteboard.
Ar
whiteboard.
3. Teacherasksthe
3. Studentsanswer
studentssome
teacher'squestions
triggeringquestions
orally.
relatedto thetopic of
the readingtext
orally.
4. Teachergives
4. Students
listento
commentson the
the teacher's
students'answers.
comments.
5. Teacherdistributes 5. Students
receivethe
the student's
worksheet.
worksheet.
2'
97
Whilst-
Listening
L Teacherreadsthe
L Students
listen
Reading
Reading
text for the students.
carefullyto the
Activities
4',
teacher.
Reading
2. Teacheraskssome
Speaking
studentsto readaloud text.
Listening
the text, paragraphby
2. Studentsreadthe
5'
paragraph.
3. Teacher
explains
3. Students
ruk the
).
the difficult wordsthat difficult wordsthat
the studentsfind in the theyfind in thetext.
text.
4. Teacheraskssome
4. Studentsanswer
comprehension
teacher's
questions
questionsaboutthe
orally.
5'
text orally.
Post-Reading Writing
Activities
l. Teacherasksthe
L Studentsdo the
Listening
studentsto do the
assessment.
Speaking
assessment
10'
(answeringreading
comprehension
questionsin the form
of multiplechoice
questions).
2. Teacherdiscusses 2. Studentsdiscussthe
the answerwith the
answerwith the
sfudents.
teacher.
3. Teacher
gives
3. Studentslistento
commentson the
the teacher's
students'work.
comment.
4. Teacherclosesthe
4. Studentslisten to
lessonby reviewing
the teacher.
the readingtext.
2'
,2,
98
Students' Worksheet
READ THE TEXT CAREFULLY!
Is television a good or bad thing?
Peoplehave different ideas about television. Some say that television will
help educateour young people. Other people say that television is bad for young
people.
The people who support television say that television is a great teacher.
We can learn about other countries and other cultures from television. Television
can teach us about science, technology, the arts and politics. We can lcarn
anything from television. Moreover, television provides us a good entertainment
that can make us relaxed from our tiring days.
The other people who are againsttelevision say that watching television is
a drug (candu).It makesus not doing our other activities, or even having exercise.
Television also has so many commercialsthat might changeour modest lifestyle
to be more consumptive. People mention that criminal programs on television
sometimes influence our teenagers' behavior. They also say that television is
changingour Indonesianculture. It is making us a part ofthe global village.
What is the truth? Is television good or bad?The truth is that television has
changed our lives, but so have the motor car, the computer, the telephone,and
many other things. The car transports us from place to place, but it also kills
people (car crashes)and causesair pollution. Television also has advantagesand
disadvantages,but the advantagesare mor€ than the disadvantages.
Q'akenfron Englishfor Communicationhy I!eustcyl
99
Assessment
CHOOSETI{E CORRECTANSWER!
1. Whatarethe differentideasabouttelevision?
a. Televisionis educational
b. Televisionis dangerous
c. Televisionis botheducational
anddangerous
d. Televisionis entertaining
andsometimes
boring
2. Suptrrorters
saythat usingtelevisionwe canlearn:
a. science
c, thearts
b. technology
d. everything
3. Peoplewho areagainsttelevisionsay:
a. televisionwill makeus ill
b. televisionis too expensive
c. televisionis changing
ourpeople
d. televisionis boring
4. Whatdoes"they" in thethird paragraph
referto?
a. peoplewho areagainsttelevision
c. televisions
b. passivepeople
d. druss
5. Theword changein the fourthparagraph
means;
a. move
c. opportunity
b. alter
d. destroy
6.
'l-he
word transportin the fourthparagraph
means:
a. move
c. opportunity
b. alter
d. destroy
7. Why is televisiona drug?
a. It containsdangerous
materials.
b. It makesus drugusers.
c. It makesus cannotstopwatchingit.
d. It is dangerous
for our body.
8. Themain ideaof the lastparagraph
is:
a. Televisionis a goodthing. c. Televisionchangedour lives.
b. Televisionis like a car. d. Televisionis a b-adthing.
9. Whatis the effectof criminalprogramon teenagers?
a. Theyignoreit.
c. Theybelieveit.
b. Theyimitateit.
d. Theydon,twatchit.
10.Is televisiona goodor bad?Whatdoesthe writer think?
a. Television
kills people.
b. Televisionhasnot changedtheway we live.
c. Televisionis moregoodthanbad.
d. Television
causes
air pollution.
I CrO
Teacher's
Note
L
Subject
English
f'heme
MassMedia
SubTheme
Television
Skills
Reading
Class
JuniorHighSchool,ThirdYear
Semester
2
Time Allocated
lx 45minutes
LearningOutcomes
l. The studentsare able to comprehendthe informationin the reading
text.
.'
2. The studentsare able to answer reading comprehensionquestions in
the form of multiple choices.
tI.
68
APPENDIXA
THE CALCULATIONOF THE DIFFICULTY INDEX AND
DISCzuMINATIONPOWEROF THE FIRSTTRY-OUT
Item
Number
1
2
3
4
o
Discrimination Interpretation
Power
Difficulty Index
Interpretation
Poor
Satisfactorv
Satisfactory
0.961
0.569
0.784
Easy
Moderate
Easy
0.07
Poor
0.922
Easy
0.29
0.07
Satisfactorv
Poor
Poor
0.824
0.373
0.07
0.29
v.zJ
0.14
tt
u.c
o
0.21
10
U.JO
11
0
12
0.14
IJ
14
15
16
17
18
IY
20
21
22
z.>
aA
25
26
27
z6
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.57
0.21
0.5
0.29
0.43
0
0.07
0.5
U. JO
0.36
0.43
0.21
0.07
ZY
0.14
2n
0.29
Good
Satisfactory
Satisfactorv
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Good
Satisfactory
Good
Satisfactory
Good
Poor
Poor
Good
Satisfactory
Satisfactorv
Good
Satisfactory
Poor
Poor
Satisfactory
0.686
0.765
0.588
0.863
0.98
0.922
0.98
0.922
0.961
0.353
0.824
0.255
0.804
0.608
0.863
0.392
0.392
0.804
0.784
0.529
0.902
0.902
0.941
0.765
Easy
Moderate
Moderate
Easy
Moderate
Easy
Easy
Easy
Easy
Easv
Easy
Moderate
Easy
Difficult
Easy
Moderate
Easy
Moderate
Moderate
Easy
Easy
Moderate
Easy
Easv
Easy
Easy
69
FIRSTTRY OUT
NO.
)
I
l0
l6
I
I
I
ll
I
4
20
.ll
3
29
33
I
I
I
0
I
:t6
50
l3
t7
I
I
I
25
JI
6
E
l5
I
0
I
0
0
0
)
23
39
0
0
I I - I . , MN I J M I ] I - I T
I s I ( ,| 7 | t rI e l t o lI
l?l
)
j
0l
0l
ll
ll
00
ll
l0
00
0l
0l
0l
11
ll
00
0l
0l
0l
0l
0l
l0
lt
0l
00
0l
ll
r l l l l l 4 l r s l ( ' lI 7 lr { t l e l 2 ' ) 1I2l 2 l 2 l|2 l l r sl 2 ( ' 1 2 7 1: l?e8l .1)1 (X
I
0
I
I
I
I
0
I
I
I
U
I
I
0
I
I
0
0
0
I
I
.0
LI
ll
t0
II
tl
tl
t0
lt
tl
t0
t0
IO
.)0
JI
t0
ll
0
I
I
I
I
I
0
I
I
)
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DISCRIMINATION
POWER
NO .
2
4
l0
l6
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20
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3
29
33
36
50
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FIRSTTRY OUT
IT E M N U MB E R
7
8
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1 0 1 4 1 0 1 4 1 4 1 4 '14 1 4 1 4
index 0. 07 0. 2 9 0.29 0.07 0 .2 9 0.07 0 . 1 4 U . J 0.21 U . J O
0 0 't4 0.07 0.07 0.07
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14 12 13 13 13
27
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71
POWER
DISCRIMINATION
II'EM NUMBER
22 23 24
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ll
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NO .
t7
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2
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FIRSTTRY OUT
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72
APENDIX B
THE CALCULATIONFORRELIABILITYKR-2I
OF THE FIRSTTRY OUT
Numberof
Students
X
t
1
20
27
25
27
t7
400
JJ
24
576
729
J+
l9
625
J)
25
729
z)
529
l8
324
529
36
37
38
39
361
625
529
361
529
441
676
576
529
484
529
2
J
4
5
6
7
8
z)
9
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l0
27
1l
289
40
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26
576
729
676
t2
22
l3
14
15
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529
729
27
43
22
484
44
ZJ
s76
45
46
47
48
49
50
18
l7
l7
20
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zz
s76
11
20
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400
484
676
1n
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19
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25
20
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20
20
25
27
28
29
30
tt
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ZJ
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LJ
21
26
42
l6
26
l9
25
20
324
Total
1134
441
n
Mean
5t
22.2353
SD
KR-21
2.937
0.333
s29
361
576
400
400
400
625
289
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s76
JI
22
484
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2)
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JZ+
289
289
400
62s
400
484
25646
73
FIRSTTRY OUT
TOTAL
ITEM NUMI]ER
NO.
5 o 7 8 9 t0 ll
I
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n
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24
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22
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zo
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20
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'74
APPENDIXC
THE CALCULATION OF THE DIFFICULTY INDEX AND
DISCRIMINATIONPOWEROF THE SECONDTRY-OUT
Item
Number
Discrimination Interpretation
Power
Diffrculty Index
Interpretation
Moderate
0,38
0.38
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
0.63
0.83
0.54
0.31
Good
0.56
Moderate
.'A
5
0.31
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
0.9
0.27
Easy
Difficult
6
7
0,92
Excellent
Moderate
0.92
0.38
Excellent
0.65
0.58
0.65
0.85
0.23
Difficult
Motleratc
2
J
8
Satisfactory
Easy
Moderate
Moderate
Easy
9
l0
i1
12
l3
l4
l5
0.23
0.38
0.62
Satisfactory
0.54
0.46
0.56
0.21
Good
0.29
D i l l i c ul t
l6
0.23
Satisfactory
t7
18
l9
20
21
22
0.46
Good
Easy
Difficult
0.69
0.54
0.69
0.54
0.46
Good
Good
0.73
0.27
0.56
0.6
Good
0.63
Moderate
Good
Easy
Good
0.31
Satisfactory
0.83
0.85
0.79
0.23
0.46
0.46
0.38
0.38
0.54
0.46
Satisfactory
0.6
0.63
0.23
0.23
Moderzrte
.A
25
zo
27
28
29
30
0.31
0.46
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Good
0.46
Good
0.54
Cood
Good
Good
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Good
Good
0.6
0.77
0.35
Moder:rte
Moderate
Difllctrlt
Moderate
Moderate
Easy
Easy
Moderate
Difficult
Difficult
Moderate
Easy
Moderate
75
SECONDTRY OUT
NO .
ITEM NUMBER
z
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0000001
0 I I 0 I I 0 I 0000
I 0
I 1 000001
l0l
100000100000t
0001
00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 I I l00000l
I 00
I I 001
000
I 00000000
| 0 I 0 I 00000
0l
I I 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 I 0 0 I 0 0 0 I o
0 1 000
1 0 1 I 000
I 00I
00000I
00000000
0 I 0l
000100
I 00001
0000001
I 000000
llt
X
6
6
5
4
A
4
4
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
9
i
8
j
7
/o
TRYOUT
SECOND
POWER
DISCRIMINATION
NO.
32
48
I2
l6
29
i
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
0
I
I
0
I
I
11
2
3
5
I
I
I
0
I
I
10110
l0lll
tllll
l0ltl
lllll
lllll
lllll
I
I
I
I
0
l4
I
0
33
13 10
i n dex 0.38 0. 38 0.54
nter sat sat gooo
o
cl
8
46
l1l1000ll0
0010000110
2
0101001010
38
1001000010
l8
5
t101000000
ll
0101000011
I-t
1001000010
42
r1000001t0
3
0000000010
45
1001100100
9
0111000010
JI
0100010110
0101000100
6
47
llt100101l
l00lll00l0
48
7
l0
o
ITEMNUMBER
8
9
7
ll0
llr
l0l
llr
llr
l0l
l0l
l0l
l0l
100
l0l
lll
l0l
l0
1l
t2
1
0
I
0
I
I
0
I
I
I
I
0
I
IJ
l4
l5
111
lll
llr
llr
tOtl
00rl
001
l0l
r01r1
ll0
l0lll
001
ltll0
l0l
lOttl
100
l0lll
l0l
l0lll
13
5
13 13 11 13
5
1
I
10
0.31 0.31 0.92 0.92 0.38 0.23 0 . 3 1 0.46 0.46 0.54 0.38 0.62
saI
sat exc exc sat sat sal gooo gooo gooo sat good
6
I
1
1
o
1
10
1
1
0000
0
0l0l
0
0t00
I
0000
I
0
000t)
0000
0
0000
0
1000
I
I
t000
1000
0
0
0000
0100
0
0000
l
I
llll
ll0l
I
77
DISCRIMINATIONPOWER
TRYOUT
SECOND
ITEMNUMBER
NO .
22
24 25 26 27 28 29 3 0
'll
I
lOtl
I
l0l
I
ll
tOll
l
l0l
ll
1
l0ll
0ll
48
llll
t1
I
I
001
12 0 0 l l
I
0l
010
l6
lttt
I
00
l0l
29
tOtl
00
lll
I
()
37
llt0
ll
I
0ll
7
00ll
ll
I
001
l0
lllt
,,
ll
I
010
()
l4
llll
I
0l
l0l
2l
llll
t)
I
l0
001
I
33
l0l0
ll
l0l
0
l?
11
6
1
12 1 3 a a
12
I
10
o
5
13
7
Inoex o.230. 46 u.ov 0.54 0.69 0.54 0.46 0.31 0.23 0.tto 0.46 0.38 0.38 0.54 0 4 6
inter sat good gooo good gooo good good sat sal gooct gooo sat sat qooo good
cl
at
0
4
4
3
o
I
4
6
0
0
o
o
1
46
l0000tlll000lOti
2
l0t0l00ttl00tOtJ
38
0001010t0000tt{)
l8
1000t110t0000t0
5
l00t00II0000I|0
ll
000101010100tt0
l0ll0ll0l0000l0
42
001000001000100
3
r0l000tll00()001
45
0000010t0100000
9
000010100100010
JI
100000100000000
6
r00000010000000
.0
0
l
I
0
I
0
0
0
0
0
|
0
I
0
48
0l0l0l00ll0tt0l
l6
t7
18
l9
20
2
18
APENDIX D
THE CALCULATION FORRELIABILITY KR-21
OF THE SECONDTRY OUT
Numberof
Students
X
X2
I
z
465
J
27
+
25
5
27
6
t7
7
z)
8
9
18
23
l0
l1
z+
27
216225
400
729
625
729
289
529
324
529
576
729
12
26
IJ
20
30
JI
32
JJ
tt
1A
22
25
289
576
484
625
576
J)
24
19
36
25
JI
ZJ
l9
ZJ
529
676
38
39
40
4l
625
529
361
22
484
+L
i^
1A
L1
1A
l.t
aA
LA
s76
+J
z)
15
22
27
484
729
22
23
.A
L.t
576
44
45
46
441
676
576
529
484
529
l8
324
20
400
+t
t7
22
484
676
324
441
Total
n
Mean
289
289
230825
529
SD
361
576
400
400
400
625
KR-2I
t6
17
18
19
20
21
22
ZJ
'tA
26
l8
2l
I9
25
.A
to
20
27
28
20
20
25
29
J+
48
2l
26
l7
1099
48
22.89s8
5.7547
0.7771
JOI
79
SECONDTRY OUT
NO .
ITEMNUMBER
t l 2 l 3 l 4 l s l 6 7 l 8 e l l o ll l I l 2 ll 3 l r 4ll5 t 6 l 7 l l 8 l e l 2 o lr2l)')| 2324125 76127|28129 3 0
ll
lllll0l
00
0l
ll00l
3
0l
l l10000
4
00
llll0l0
5
l0
I100001
o
00
r0000
0t
7
tl
I I I t 00l
8
00
0101000
9
t0
t 001000
0
t0
llll0l0
I
l0
0l0l00l
2
ll
ll0l0l0
3
l0
1010000
4
l0
ll0rl0r
5
r0
I I I l00l
6
ll
I I (r 0l0l
7
10
I I I I l0l
8
l0
1010000
9
ll
I101000
20
ll
I I I1000
2l
l0
I I t0001
22
l0
ll0l0ll
| | tl
ll
l0l
24
0l
I t00100
ll
l0
1001000
20
| | tOl
t0
l0
27
ll0l0l0
II
30
10 r000
| t0
29
I l00l
tl
tl
l11000
| 00
3l
1000000
00
l01r0rl
t0
JJ
I tlttOl
t0
J+
t0
I I ll00l
35
ll
ll00
| ll
JO
tl
lll0000
37
I lll0l
l l0
38
0100001
l0
39
ll
I l I l00l
40
l0
l00l0l0
4l
I I I l0l
I ll
42
0010001
00
43
I tll00l
l0
44
l l00l0l
ll
45
010
00
t000
46
I lt000l
00
47
l00l
l0
t0l
48
I lll00
t lt
C()rrcct 30t402743 I J 3 l 28. ' I 4|t |261221271101t4
35 t3127129130140
4 l 3 829 3 0 l l l l 29 3 7
'l rll4lr 4 8 48148148
l1
4 8 4 8 4 8 1 4 8 1 4 8 1 4 8 1 4814814S
48 48148148148148
48 48 4t 4tl 48 4ll 4 8 4 8 4 8
I
2
r I I l0l
I I I I l0l
I I l0l
l0l
00
I 0000
I I 0001
I 0l
0l
0 I 0
00000000
I 0 I I 000
I 0 I 000
1l
ll0l
I I1001000010001
I I 0 I 00001
000000
I 00t
00
0l
0 I 0001
00
I 0000
I 00000
I I I l0l
I I l0l
I I10001I
I I
0l
I l0l0l1000100101l
I I
I I 00001
0l
0000000000
l0
llll
l I l0l00l00l1ll
I I I
0 l 0 I 00001
l 000000001
0l
111I
I I I I I I I1100001I
I I
l 001
0000
I 000000
l 0l
I 0l
0l0l0l
I 1l0l
I l0l
I I I I I I
0l0t
ll
l0l
I l0l
| | I l0l
I I
I I I I I I l l l0l
I000lll
I I I
l l l I I l0l101010000
t I I I
I 001
0000
I 0 I 00001
000
I I
00
l 001
000
l 00000t
I I 001
l l l l0l
l0l0l
I l00l
l0l
ll
I l I l0l
I I I I l0l00l
I I I I I
l l 1 100000000000
1 010
t l
I I ll0l
lOt
lot
I I I l0l
I I I
I I 0l
I I 0l
I 0000001
00101
l0l
l0l
I I 1010010100001
0 r 0l0l0l000
t I0000100I
l r r l00l
I l0l
l00l
l0l
I I I
0l0l
t 000l0l
I l0
tt
00l0
t
I I I I I I I I l01000l
tOlll
I
0 r 0l0l
I10001000010
t I I
0 l 000
I 0 I I 0001
00
| 00000
r I I ltt
I I l0l
I I tl
l0ll
ll
ll0l0l
I I l0l
I lOtt0l0lt
0l
l ll0l
I l00l
l00l
I t l0l
0 r l I I I I ll
I l0l00l00l
I I
001l0
t I ll00011000
t0l
I
0l
I l0l
I I l0l
I l0l
I I l0l
I
0 l 0l
001
0 I 0 I 01000001
0l
l l 0l
I 100100101010001
I
l l I l0l1l
I I I I l0l10l0l0
l l0l0l
I I10001001001I
I
l 1 000001
l 0l
1000001
000
r r0r0l
t0l0l0l0l
I l0t
I I
l l I l0l
I t 10l
I l00l0l
I I I
l 00
l | 00
I 000
I 00000000
I
l l l l000l
1000000100001
l l l1001001001000001I
I
ll0l0l
I I I I l0l
I I ll
llll
TOTAL
z3
12
Y
16
10
7
ZJ
14
8
10
ZJ
10
22
ZJ
21
10
12
21
22
14
25
14
14
14
21
15
ZJ
14
7
25
20
16
23
11
18
20
20
22
d
15
25
{t0
APPENDIXE
THE CALCULATION OF I.TESTFORPRE-TEST
No.
I
2
J
ClassA (Experimental)
XA
x'A
8
t'l
l9
2l
ClassB (Control)
XB
X'B
64
289
l0
l8
361
t7
24
441
289
361
5
6
7
t1
t9
I
8l
l4
8
64
l8
9
8
l0
0
t7
I
l9
9
l9
3
20
5
6
7
8
9
l9
361
400
225
729
ts
))<
l9
8
2l
361
64
441
484
8l
22
361
t
324
9
l8
7
289
t5
100
625
400
E
22
0
25
20
22
25
22
l8
l6
2l
27
28
29
30
JT
t7
l4
l0
7
J
34
35
36
38
39
40
4I
42
43
44
45
Total
n
Mean
SD
484
484
324
256
529
64
t2l
t2
t2
t44
t44
t)
225
289
196
ll
ll
100
579
I5
225
t2
289
169
169
196
49
l4
l2
t44
t96
t44
225
a
8l
t8
324
400
45
15.888889
4_'I6U15
324
225
8l
l2l
8l
t2l
t2l
7
l5
9
20
t4
20
20
t5
l0
7t5
196
324
576
z7
5
9
20
289
576
361
ul
100
289
361
100
324
&
196
400
400
225
100
12361
ll
9
22
l0
20
l5
l4
l0
2l
4U
100
400
225
196
100
441
z0
400
2l
441
169
IJ
20
20
ll
698
45
l5.5lllll
5.3466251
400
400
l2l
I1930
81
TEST OF HYPOTHESES:
pA : pB, there is no significant difference between the mean
Ho:
groups.
Ha:
pA * pB, there is a significant differencebetweenmean groups.
t-test,whered f : n A + n B - 2 : 8 8
t(s%) =
2.000
Calculation for t observation(to) :
A
: EXPERIMENT
Ir
1 5 .8889
n
n1x2-1lx)2
4.7684
n(n -l)
B
n :45
: CONTROL
s-
15.5111
n
n1x'-11x72
5.3466
- r, - . r ^
(nn-\s)+(n,
nr+nr-2
n:45
-l)s]
(r
\nA
1)
0.3537
nB )
Conclusion:
Because I t observationI lessthan t table thus Ho is accepted.
Therefore, we conclude that at a 50lolevel there is no significant difference
betweengroups.
82
APPENDIXF
THE CALCULATIONOF t-TESTFORPOST-TEST
No.
ClassA (Experimental)
XA
X'A
l0
100
625
2
3
25
24
5
20
400
o
l1
289
289
7
8
9
l0
l0
23
2l
2t
28
26
22
23
20
23
25
27
20
28
25
a',
27
23
22
ll
t2
IJ
l4
l5
l6
l7
l8
l9
20
al
25
zo
27
28
29
30
20
28
l8
22
576
576
625
625
t7
t9
?aq
20
22
400
4U
729
o/o
IE
4U
361
676
t96
11
s29
289
2Q
400
400
529
625
22
t2
484
t44
729
7
289
400
7U
0
0
3
00
00
ol)
729
484
ul
400
'tu
324
4U
225
s29
2l
JJ
23
441
529
529
625
361
484
38
39
40
4t
l6l
27
26
t4
23
2S
l9
l9
25
25
100
529
7U
7U
JT
34
35
36
ClassB (Control)
XB
X'B
529
0
8
0
4
6
9
t2
t7
l6
69
00
324
t00
196
256
EI
144
289
t2l
256
l6
256
22
4U
8
64
576
22
2'7
't29
64
t44
196
441
361
484
l6
-l )o
27
729
24
24
576
6
516
36
256
22
l0
8
24
28
44
100
'tu
t2
l4
2l
l9
l6
7U
t)
45
l4
t96
l9
225
36t
Total
9U
22740
/6)
t4257
n
Mean
45
2t.86r661
SD
5.2725'l
45
t7
5.3343
83
TEST OF HYPOTHESES:
pA : pB, there is no significant difference between the mean
Ho:
groups.
Ha:
pA > pB, mean scoreof A group is greaterthan B group.
t-test,wheredf : nA + nB - 2 : 88
t(s%) :
r.671
Calculationfor t observation(to) :
A
: EXPERIMENT
\--
2 t.8667
tl
n1x'-11x12
n(n -l)
B
n :45
5.272s7
: C O N T R OL
5...-
t7
n
n1x'-1\x)2
'o -
n: 45
5.3343
x.t-xn
4.3527
Conclusion:
Becauset observationmore than t table thus Ho is rejected.
Hence we conclude that the difference betweengroups is signihcant, and that the
A group is greater.
84
APPENDIXG
THE CALCULATION OF t-TESTFORDETAIL QUESTIONS
ClassA (Experimental)
Class B (Control)
No.
XA
x2A
XB
X2B
I
5
25
2
t2
t44
t44
1
l0
l0
100
t00
t2
6
7
8
9
0
I
2
J
l0
9
7
9
ll
l2
2
2
0
0
)
6
'7
8
9
9
20
t2
t1
9
9
8
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
ll
JI
ll
34
35
36
37
38
t2
8
l0
7
ll
t2l
ll
44
9
121
8l
49
44
7
00
00
2l
6
l0
9
' tl
)
25
1l
l2
l0
t44
8l
t44
6
r2l
6
t44
8l
EI
64
t44
64
6
9
6
8
8l
36
l6
64
I6
49
'l
100
36
8
64
8
l2
t44
t2
9
t2l
t69
t44
7
u
100
3
IM
9
l0
6
444
45
9.8666667
2.4734955
36
36
l0
6
t6
t2
t2
100
36
49
t2l
7
l0
43
8l
t00
t2l
8l
8l
12
l0
36
100
l6
ll
3
8l
t2l
44
100
9
9
36
100
t2l
l0
4l
Mean
SD
n
t44
40
n
t2l
6
l0
9
t2
39
44
45
Total
49
8l
l6
69
2l
22
lm
49
144
36
4650
5
u
9
t0
372
45
E.2666667
2.453t979
u
25
49
100
144
49
t2l
8l
t2l
9
81
t00
100
3340
85
TEST OF HYPOTHESES:
pA : pB, there is no significantdifference between the mean
Ho:
groups.
Ha:
pA > pB, meanscoreof A groupis greaterthan B group.
t-test, where d f : n A + n B - 2 = 8 8
r(s%):
r.671
Calculalliqu-fort observation(to) :
A
: EXPERIMENT
\-*
9.8667
n
n1x'-1\x)2
2.473
n ( n- l )
B
n :45
: CONTROL
x-
\.-
8.2667
n(x2-(zx)',
n:45
2.4532
x,t-xs
(nn-\s)+(nu-t)si( t,
n^+nt1
I )
3.0809
\rrA* rB)
Conclusion:
Becauset observationmore than t table thus Ho rs reJecteo.
Hence we concludethat the difference befweengroups is significurt, and that the
A group is greater.
86
APPENDIXH
THE CALCULATIONOF t.TESTFORVOCABULARYQUESTIONS
No.
2
3
ClassA(Expcrimental)
XA
x2A
9
7
l6
64
49
8l
49
9
l0
l0
l0
9
100
100
100
6
JO
)
25
7
7
49
49
t2l
8
7
t6
7
E
9
l0
ll
t2
I
l0
8
25
26
2'1
28
29
100
7
7
9
8l
EI
49
49
o
36
)
25
8
64
9
9
8l
8l
8l
64
t2l
8t
t2l
8l
3
7
3
o
8
ll
ll
a
8
8
&
8
64
l2l
49
64
5
30
3r
33
34
35
36
ll
'l
l6
2
7
2
7
5
4
49
49
25
t6
I
l6
8
64
3
6
36
9
36
7
9
l0
6
9
49
8l
6
6
3
2
8l
9
3
5
9
7
6
EI
49
8
64
ll
2l
2l
2l
44
t2
t2
M
45
o
36
M
3265
Total
45
8.1555556
2.48592
36
36
4
ll
ll
o
100
36
4l
SD
l6
4
00
Mean
o
49
9
9
25
l0
n
l
l6
3
38
39
40
43
ll
EI
100
q
22
l6
64
l2l
t2l
8l
l0
4
l
5
6
7
8
9
20
ClassB (Control)
XB
X?B
2
4
l6
9
25
36
)
4
5
3
25
6
259
45
5.7555556
2.54197W
9
t775
87
TEST OF HYPOTHESES:
pA : pB, there is no significant difference between the mean
Ho:
groups.
I-Ia
i
trA > trB, mean scoreof A group is greaterthan B group.
t-test,wheredf : nA + nB - 2 : 88
t(s%) =
1.671
Calculation for t observation(to) :
A
:EXPERIMENT
\--
8.156
n
n1x2-(lx)2
B
n: 45
2.4859
: CONTROL
Y-
5 .7 556
n
n1x2- (Zx)2
2.54197
n(n -l)
.o *
n=45
xt-xn
l@^-rys)*1r,-gri(r . r )
l,A * rE)
\
"^.rr-2
4.5281
Conclusion:
Becauset observationmore than t table thus Ho is rejected.
Hence we conclude that the difference between groups is signihcant, and that the
A group is greater.
88
APPENDIXI
THE CALCULATION OF I.TEST FOR REFERENCE WORD QUESTIONS
No.
I
2
3
5
6
'l
8
l0
ll
t2
IJ
l4
l5
l6
t'l
It
l9
z0
'r'l
22
23
24
25
26
?1
28
29
30
3l
J)
36
38
39
40
ClassA (Experimental)
XA
X"A
I
J
I
9
9
9
)
4
J
J
2
2
2
7
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
l
3
2
I
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
9
9
9
9
9
9
o
9
9
q
9
9
9
9
9
4
o
9
I
2
2
3
2
3
3
9
I
9
9
I
2
2
4
I
I
2
3
I
9
2
0
0
I
4
2
4
4
4
4
2
3
4
I
4
9
I
9
I
I
I
I
2
I
I
I
z
4
45
Total
0
0
SD
9
9
9
2
2
M
Mean
I
2
X,B
I
I
102
45
2.2ffi661
0.7198485
2
3
3
3
2
2
3
2
3
3
I
42
43
n
XB
I
2
2
2
4l
ClassB (Control)
I
I
3
9
I
I
3
9
I
I
254
I
I
87
45
1.9333333
0.83666
199
89
TESTOF HYPOTHESES:
pA : pB, there is no significantdifference between the metLn
Ho:
groups.
Ila
:
pA > pB, meanscoreof A groupis greaterthan B group.
t-test, where df : nA + nB - 2 : 88
r(s%):
t.671
Calculationfor t observation(to) :
A
: EXPERIMENT
Y-
2.2667
n
n1x2-1lx)2
0 .7 198
n(n -l)
B
n:45
: CONTROL
\--
1 .9 333
n
n 1x2-1 Z x)2
0.83666
n(n -l)
I t) =
n:45
xs-xn
2.0259
Conclusion:
Becauset observationmore than t table thus Ho is rejected.
Hence we concludethat the difference between groupsis significant,andthat the
A group is greater.
90
APPENDIXJ
THE CALCULATIONOF t-TESTFORMAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
No.
2
3
ClassA (Experimental)
XA
X'A
0
2
2
4
5
2
6
'l
2
2
0
2
2
2
8
9
0
2
0
'l
I
4
0
2
0
2
2
2
0
0
2
I
0
I
5
6
I
2
2
2
0
1
0
ClassB (Control)
XB
X,B
I
I
2
2
4
2
2
4
2
d
2
9
I
0
20
2
0
0
0
2l
2
22
I
0
0
24
2
2
2
0
0
0
4
t
25
Ztt
2'l
28
29
30
JI
33
34
35
36
38
39
40
4l
42
43
45
Total
n
Mean
SD
4
0
2
2
2
0
0
2
0
0
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I
I
I
I
I
0
2
2
I
I
0
I
0
2
0
2
2
2
I
2
2
2
1l
45
1.57't7778
0.6567443
4
l3l
0
I
I
I
I
2
4
79
4'7
45
|.0444444
0.8244986
91
TEST OF HYPOTHESES:
pA : pB, there is no significant difference between the mean
Ho:
groups.
Ha:
pA > trB, mean scoreof A group is greaterthan B group.
t-test, where d f : n A + n B - 2 : 8 8
(s%) :
1.671
(to) :
Calculationfor t otrservation
A
: EXPERIMENT
Y*
1 .5 778
n
n 1x2-(1 x1 2
B
n:45
0.656744
: CONTROL
s*
1 .0 444
n
n(x'-(lx1'
Io=
n:45
0.8245
xt-xa
3.3941I
Conclusion:
Becauset observationmore than t table thus Ho is rejected.
Hence we concludethat the difference between groups is significant, and that the
A group is greater.
t2
APPENDIXK
CriticalValuesof the t Distribution
Alpha (c)
Df
2
A
5
6
'7
0.100
3.078
0.050
6.314
1.886
1.638
1.533
1.476
1.440
2.920
2.353
12;t06
4.303
3.182
2.132
2.176
, nl <
2.s71
2.447
2.365
2.620
2.228
2.201
8
9
10
1.397
1.943
1.895
1.860
1.383
1.833
t-Jtz
1l
r.363
t2
1.356
1.350
1.345
1.341
1.812
|.796
1.782
1.771.
1.761
IJ
t4
l5
16
't.l
l8
l9
20
2l
22
z)
r.418
l.5J
I
r.333
r.333
1.328
1.325
t.)zJ
t.321
1.319
.\A
1.3r8
25
t . 3I 6
1 . 3I 5
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
120
inf
2.306
2.t79
t.740
2.t68
2.145
2.t31
2.120
2.110
t.743
2.t01
t.'t29
2.093
2.086
2.080
2.074
2.069
2.064
2.060
2.042
) o\)
2.048
2.045
2.042
2.021
2.000
L980
1.960
r.753
1.7
46
t.725
|.721
t . 7t 7
t.714
t . 7 lI
r.7 0 8
1 . 3l 4
t.706
1.703
l . l 3I
t.701
l.3ll
1.699
1.697
1.684
1 . 6 |7
1.658
1.645
1.310
1.303
1.296
1.289
1382
0.025
0 . 0 t 0 0.005
3 1 . 8 2 1 63.65'l
6.965
9.925
4.541
5.841
4.604
3.365 4.O32
3.143 3.707
2.998
3.499
2.896
J.J))
2.821
3.250
2 ; 7 6 4 3.169
2.718
3.106
2.681
3.055
2.650
3.012
2.624
2.9't7
2.602
2.947
2.s83 2.921
2.567
2.898
2.5s2 2.8'78
2.639
2.861
2.528
2.845
2 . 5l 8
2 . 8 5I
2.508
2.819
2.500
2.80'.7
2.492
2.797
2.485
2.787
2.45'7 2 ; t 7 9
2.77|
2.467
2.763
2.462
2.156
2.457
2.750
z.+tt
2.704
2.390
2.660
2.358
2.617
2.326
2.576
Source:Arcana, 1996:134
Notes:
Df: degreeoffreedom
913
APPENDIXL
LESSONPLAN FORTHE FIRSTTREATMENT
LESSON PLAN
(Controlgroup,meetingone)
Subject
'fheme
English
SubTheme
Television
Skills
Reading
Class
Junior High School,Third Year
Semester
'Iime
Allocated
2
Mass Media
lx 45minutes
A. Competence
l. BasicCompetence
Reading : Studentsareable to get someinformationfrom thc readinstext
abouttelevision
2. AchievementIndicator
Studeutsare able to:
r read the text with the correct pronunciation.
. answerthe meaningof the vocabulariesfound in the text.
. atlswercomprehensionquestionsabout the text orally.
o answerthe multiple choice questionsrelatedto the text.
B. Learning Materials
r Readingtext "Is television a good or bad thing?" adaptedfrom EnglishJbr
Communicationfor JuniorHigh SchoolGrade3, page6g.
r Media: Hand out, picture
q4
C. Teachingand LearningActivities
l. Approoch:
r CommunicativeApproach
r Competency
BasedApproach
2. Iechniquer
o Questionandanswer
o Explanation
r
Discussion
3 . C l o gA cl i vi ti g :
CONTROLGROUP
Pre-Reading
Activities
l. Studentsareaskedto answersometriggeringquestionsaboutthe
picturestickedon the whiteboardorally.
Whilst-Readinq
Activities
2. Studentsareaskedto listento the teacher'sreadingthetext.
3. Studentsareaskedto readthe text aloudparagraph
by paragraph.
4. Studentsareaskedto find diffrcultwordsin the text.
5. Studentsareaskedto listento theteacher'sexplainingthemeaningof
the difficult words.
6. studentsareaskedto answersomecomprehension
questionsrelatedlo
thetext orally.
Post-Reading
Activities
7. Studentsareaskedto answerthe multiplechoicequestions.
8. Studentsareaskedto discussthe answerof the multiplechoice
questions.
9. Studentsareaskedto listento the teacher'sreviewinsthe text.
D. Assessment
> studentsareaskedto answerthe comprehension
questionsin the tbrm of
multiplechoices.
95
E. References/Resources:
Heasley,Brandon.2003
.Englishfor Communicqtion.Jakarta.Erlangga.
96
The Steps
Procedures
Skills/
Teacher'sActivities
Students'Activities
Time
Components
Pre-Reading Speaking
Activities
Listening
l. Teachergreetsthe
l. Studentsrespondto
1'
t
studentsandmentions the teacher'sgreeting.
the topic of the lesson
that day.
2. Teacherasksthe
2. Studentslook at the
studentsto look at the pictureon the
picturestickedon the
whiteboard.
Ar
whiteboard.
3. Teacherasksthe
3. Studentsanswer
studentssome
teacher'squestions
triggeringquestions
orally.
relatedto thetopic of
the readingtext
orally.
4. Teachergives
4. Students
listento
commentson the
the teacher's
students'answers.
comments.
5. Teacherdistributes 5. Students
receivethe
the student's
worksheet.
worksheet.
2'
97
Whilst-
Listening
L Teacherreadsthe
L Students
listen
Reading
Reading
text for the students.
carefullyto the
Activities
4',
teacher.
Reading
2. Teacheraskssome
Speaking
studentsto readaloud text.
Listening
the text, paragraphby
2. Studentsreadthe
5'
paragraph.
3. Teacher
explains
3. Students
ruk the
).
the difficult wordsthat difficult wordsthat
the studentsfind in the theyfind in thetext.
text.
4. Teacheraskssome
4. Studentsanswer
comprehension
teacher's
questions
questionsaboutthe
orally.
5'
text orally.
Post-Reading Writing
Activities
l. Teacherasksthe
L Studentsdo the
Listening
studentsto do the
assessment.
Speaking
assessment
10'
(answeringreading
comprehension
questionsin the form
of multiplechoice
questions).
2. Teacherdiscusses 2. Studentsdiscussthe
the answerwith the
answerwith the
sfudents.
teacher.
3. Teacher
gives
3. Studentslistento
commentson the
the teacher's
students'work.
comment.
4. Teacherclosesthe
4. Studentslisten to
lessonby reviewing
the teacher.
the readingtext.
2'
,2,
98
Students' Worksheet
READ THE TEXT CAREFULLY!
Is television a good or bad thing?
Peoplehave different ideas about television. Some say that television will
help educateour young people. Other people say that television is bad for young
people.
The people who support television say that television is a great teacher.
We can learn about other countries and other cultures from television. Television
can teach us about science, technology, the arts and politics. We can lcarn
anything from television. Moreover, television provides us a good entertainment
that can make us relaxed from our tiring days.
The other people who are againsttelevision say that watching television is
a drug (candu).It makesus not doing our other activities, or even having exercise.
Television also has so many commercialsthat might changeour modest lifestyle
to be more consumptive. People mention that criminal programs on television
sometimes influence our teenagers' behavior. They also say that television is
changingour Indonesianculture. It is making us a part ofthe global village.
What is the truth? Is television good or bad?The truth is that television has
changed our lives, but so have the motor car, the computer, the telephone,and
many other things. The car transports us from place to place, but it also kills
people (car crashes)and causesair pollution. Television also has advantagesand
disadvantages,but the advantagesare mor€ than the disadvantages.
Q'akenfron Englishfor Communicationhy I!eustcyl
99
Assessment
CHOOSETI{E CORRECTANSWER!
1. Whatarethe differentideasabouttelevision?
a. Televisionis educational
b. Televisionis dangerous
c. Televisionis botheducational
anddangerous
d. Televisionis entertaining
andsometimes
boring
2. Suptrrorters
saythat usingtelevisionwe canlearn:
a. science
c, thearts
b. technology
d. everything
3. Peoplewho areagainsttelevisionsay:
a. televisionwill makeus ill
b. televisionis too expensive
c. televisionis changing
ourpeople
d. televisionis boring
4. Whatdoes"they" in thethird paragraph
referto?
a. peoplewho areagainsttelevision
c. televisions
b. passivepeople
d. druss
5. Theword changein the fourthparagraph
means;
a. move
c. opportunity
b. alter
d. destroy
6.
'l-he
word transportin the fourthparagraph
means:
a. move
c. opportunity
b. alter
d. destroy
7. Why is televisiona drug?
a. It containsdangerous
materials.
b. It makesus drugusers.
c. It makesus cannotstopwatchingit.
d. It is dangerous
for our body.
8. Themain ideaof the lastparagraph
is:
a. Televisionis a goodthing. c. Televisionchangedour lives.
b. Televisionis like a car. d. Televisionis a b-adthing.
9. Whatis the effectof criminalprogramon teenagers?
a. Theyignoreit.
c. Theybelieveit.
b. Theyimitateit.
d. Theydon,twatchit.
10.Is televisiona goodor bad?Whatdoesthe writer think?
a. Television
kills people.
b. Televisionhasnot changedtheway we live.
c. Televisionis moregoodthanbad.
d. Television
causes
air pollution.
I CrO
Teacher's
Note
L
Subject
English
f'heme
MassMedia
SubTheme
Television
Skills
Reading
Class
JuniorHighSchool,ThirdYear
Semester
2
Time Allocated
lx 45minutes
LearningOutcomes
l. The studentsare able to comprehendthe informationin the reading
text.
.'
2. The studentsare able to answer reading comprehensionquestions in
the form of multiple choices.
tI.