6. DAFTAR PUSTAKA - 07.70.0144 Dominicus Addiea Arviannanda DAFTAR PUSTAKA

6. DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Adawyah, R. (2007). Pengolahan dan Pengawetan Ikan. Bumi Aksara. Jakarta
Aitken, A; I.M. Mackie; J.H. Merrit dan M.L. Windsor. (1982). Fish Handling and
Processing. Crown. Edinburgh.
Anonim (2009). The Shelf Life of Vacuum Packed and Non-Vacuum Packed Food.
Sumber www.lava-vacuum-packing.com. Didownload tanggal: 6 September
2012
Apriyantono, A, D. Fardiaz, N.L. Puspitasari, Sedarnawati dan Budiyanto. (1989).
Petunjuk Laboratorium Analisa. Pangan dan Gizi. IPB
Arambewela, L., Arawwawala M., and Rajapaksa, D. (2006). Piper Betel : a Potential
Natural Antioxidant. International Journal of Food Science Vol 41 (Suplement
1): 10-14
Ariyani, F. J.T.Murtini dan T.H. Siregar. (2010). Penggunaan Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji
(Psidium guajava) sebagai Pengawet Pindang Tongkol. Jurnal Pascapanen dan
Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 5 (1): 29-42
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. (1990). Official Method of Analysis
Volume One 15th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemist Inc.
Arlington, Virginia USA.
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. (2009). Penetapan Batas
Maksimum Cemaran Mikroba dan Kimia dalam Makanan. Percetakan Negara.
Jakarta

Bennion, M and O. Hughes. (1975). Introductory Foods 6th ed. Macmillan Publishing
Company, Inc. USA
Caballero, M.E, Lopez, M, Perez-Mateos, J.A, Borderiaz and Montero, P. (2000).
Extension of The Shelf Life of Prawns (Panaeus japonicas) by Vacuum
Packaging and High-Pressure Treatment. Journal of Food Protection Vol 63
(10): 1381-1388
deMan, J.M. (1997). Food Chemistry (Terjemahan: Kimia Makanan, diterjemahkan K.
Padmawinata). Edisi kedua. Penerbit ITB. Bandung
Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan. 1979. Buku Pedoman Pengenalan Sumberdaya
Perikanan Laut Bagian 1: Jenis-jenis Ikan Ekonomis Penting. Direktorat
Jenderal Perikanan. Departemen Pertanian.
Fardiaz, S. (1992). Mikrobiologi Pangan 1. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta
40

41

Fellows, P. (2000). Food Processing Technology : Principles and Practises 2nd edition.
Woodhead Publishing Limited. Cambridge.
Fitzgerald, M, D.B. Papkovsky, M. Smiddy, J.P. Kerry, C.K. O’Sullivan, D.J. Buckley
and G.G. Guilbault. (2001). Non-Destructive Monitoring of Oxygen Profiles in

Packaged Food Using Phase-Fluorimetric Oxygen Sensor. Journal of Food
Science Vol 66 (1): 105-110
Flick, G. Jr. (2003). Novel Applications of High Pressure Processing. Global
Aquaculture Advocate Vol.6, Issue 3
Frazier, W.C and D.C. Westhoff. (1988). Food Microbiology 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill
Book Co. Singapore
Hadiwiyoto, S. (1995). Hubungan Keadaan Kimiawi dm Mikrobiologik Ikan Pindang
Naya Pada Penyimpanan Suhu Kamar Dengan Sifat Organoleptiknya. Fakultas
Teknologi Pertanian. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta.
Hall, G.M. (1997). Fish Processing Technology 2nd ed. Blackie Academy and
Professional. Glasgow
Handayani, N.M.S, A.A.S. Dewi, N. Riti dan I.G.P.S. Ardana. (2004) Cemaran
Mikroba dan Residu Antibiotika Pada Produk Asal Hewan di Provinsi Bali,
NTB dan NTT Tahun 2003-2004. Sumber http://bppv-dps.info. Didownload
tanggal 6 September 2012.
Herschdoefer, S.M. (1986). Quality Control in the Food Industry 2nd ed. Vol. 2.
Academic Press, Inc. London.
Howgate, P. (2010). A Critical Review of Total-Volatile-Bases and Trimethylamine as
Indices of Freshness of Fish. Part 2: Formation of the Bases and Application in
Quality Assurance. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food

Chemistry Vol 9(1): 58-88
Ilyas, S. (1983). Teknologi Refrigasi Hasil Perikanan: Teknik Pendinginan Ikan Jilid 1.
CV Paripurna. Jakarta
Jenie, B.S.L, Nuratifa dan Suliantari. (2001). Peningkatan Keamanan dan Mutu Simpan
Pindang Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger sp) dengan Aplikasi Kombinasi Natrium
Asetat, Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Pengemasan Vakum. Jurnal Teknologi dan
Industri Pangan Vol XII (1) : 21-27
Julianti, E dan M. Nurminah. (2006). Teknologi Pengemasan. Departemen Teknologi
Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Juneja, V.K and J.N. Sofos. (2002). Control of Foodborne Microorganism. Marcel
Dekker Inc. New York

42

Kadoya, T. (1990). Food Packaging. Academic Press Inc. San Diego, California
Kerr, M. Lawicki, P. Aguirre, S. and Rayner, C. (2002). Effect of Storage Conditions on
Histamine Formation in Fresh and Canned Tuna. State Chemitry Laboratory,
Werrbee. Victorian Government Departement of Human Services.
www.foodsafety.vic.gov.au
Komariah, I.I. Arief dan Y. Wiguna. (2004). Kualitas Fisik dan Mikroba Daging Sapi

yang Ditambah Jahe (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) pada Konsentrasi dan Lama
Penyimpanan yang Berbeda. Media Peternakan ed. Agustus Vol 27 (2) : 46-54
Lin, K.W and Lin, S.N. (2002). Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Stability of
Reduced-Fat Chinese-Style Sausage Stored Under Modified Atmosphere
Systems. Journal of Food Science Vol 67 (8): 3184-3189
Marwati, T, Ch. Winarti dan D. Sumangat. (1996). Aktivitas Zat Antibakteri pada
Rimpang Kunyit. Prosiding Simpusium Nasional: Tumbuhan Obat dan
Aromatik APIMAP: 37-43
Moeljanto. (1992). Pengawetan dan Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan. Penebar Swadaya.
Jakarta
Oonmetta-aree, J., T.Suzuki, P.Gasaluck and G.Eumkeb. (2006) Antimicrobial
Properties and Action of Galangal (Alpina galangal Linn.) on Staphylococcus
aureus. www.elsevier.com/locate/lwt LWT 39 (2006): 1214-1220
Pandit, G.S, Mangku, G.P dan Suparwata, N.B. (1997). Penggunaan Jenis Bahan
Pengemas dan Lama Penyimpanan terhadap Stabilitas Mutu Ikan Tongkol.
Prosiding Seminar Teknologi Pangan 1997: 487-495
_____, Suryadhi, N.T, Arka, I.B dan Adiputra, N. (2011). Pengaruh Penyiangan dan
Suhu Penyimpanan terhadap Mutu Kimiawi, Mikrobiologis dan Organoleptik
Ikan Tongkol (Auxis thazard, Lac). Sumber http: //ejournal.unud.ac.id/ abstrak/
e-journal_suranaya_pandit.doc. Didownload tanggal: 6 September 2012

Potter, N.N. and H.J. Hotchkiss. (1996). Food Science 5th Edition. CBB Publisher. New
Delhi.
Purwani, E dan Muwakhidah. (2008). Efek Berbagai Pengawet Alami Sebagai
Pengganti Formalin terhadap Sifat Orgaanoleptik dan Masa Simpan Daging dan
Ikan. Jurnal Penelitian Sains & Teknologi Vol 9(1): 1-4
_________, S.Wulang.N.H dan R.Rauf. (2009). Respon Hambatan Bakteri Gram Positif
dan Negatif pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang Diawetkan dengan
Ekstrak Jahe (Zingiber officinale). Jurnal Kesehatan ISSN 1979-7621 Vol 2(1):
61-70

43

_________, E. Retnaningtyas dan D. Widowati. (2012). Pengembangan Model
Pengawet Alami dari Ekstrak Lengkuas (Languas galaga) Kunyit (Curcuma
domestica) dan Jahe (Zingiber officinale) sebagai Pengganti Formalin pada
Daging Segar. Makalah Seminar Nasional IX Pendidikan Biologi FKIP UNS 7
Juli 2012
Puspitasari, Y.F. (2009). Cara Pemindangan dan Kadar Protein Ikan Tomgkol (Auxis
thazard) di Kabupaten Rembang. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan
Universitas Muhammadiah Surakarta (Skripsi)

Rosenthal, A.J. (1999). Food Texture Measurement & Perception. Aspen Publisher, Inc.
Maryland.
Setyabudi, D.A dan W. Broto. (2008). Kemasan Plastik Telah Menggeser Kemasan
Tradisional.http://pascapanen.litbang.deptan.go.id/index.php/berita/55
didownload tanggal: 6 September 2012.
Shahidi, Fereidoon and J.R. Botta. (1994). Seafoods: Chemistry, Processing Technology
and Quality. Blackie Academy and Professional. Glasgow.
Standar Nasional Indonesia. (2006). Penentuan Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) pada
Produk Perikanan. SNI 01-2332.3-2006
Syarief, R. dan H. Halid. (1991). Teknologi Pengolahan Pangan. Arcan.Jakarta
Widyasari, R.A.H.E. (2006). Pengaruh Pengawetan menggunakan Biji Picung
(Pangium edule Reinw) Terhadap Kesegaran dan Keamanan Ikan Kembung
Segar (Rastrelliger brachysoma). Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Bogor (Thesis)
Winarno, F.G; S. Fardiaz dan F.Dedi. (1984). Pengantar Teknologi Pertanian.
PT.Gramedia. Jakarta.
Welt, B.A; D.S. Sage and K.L. Berger. (2003). Performance Spesification of TimeTemperaature Integrators Designed to Protect Against Botulism in Refrigerated
Fresh Food. Journal of Food Science Vol 68(1): 2-9
Zheng, X; Y. Lan; C. Liu; N. Ding and T. Zhao. (2009) Effect of Rice Fissure on Taste
Quality of Cooked Rice. Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR

Ejournal. Vol XI: Manuscript 1190

44

7. LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Pindang Ikan Tongkol pada Perlakuan Garam dan Ekstrak Rempah

45

46

47

Lampiran 2. Pengamatan Total Plate Count Pindang Ikan Tongkol

48

49

50


51

Lampiran 3. Hasil Analisa Data (Output SPSS)

Oneway
Post Hoc Tests
Homogeneous Subsets

Air_0

Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
Treatment
Lengkuas

N
6

1

66.2617

2

3

4

Kluwak

6

66.7400

Lengkuas UV

6

66.7433


Kluwak UV

6

67.2200

Garam UV

6

67.7950

67.7950

Kunyit UV

6

68.1550


68.1550

68.1550

Jahe

6

68.2100

68.2100

68.2100

Kunyit

6

68.7050

68.7050

Garam

6

Jahe UV

6

67.2200

68.9483
68.9533

Sig.

.068
.059
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

.083

T_Air_0
Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
Treatment
Lengkuas

6

1
66.3333

Kluwak

6

66.6667

Lengkuas UV

6

66.6667

Kluwak UV

6

67.1667

Garam UV

6

68.0000

68.0000

Jahe

6

68.1667

68.1667

Kunyit UV

6

68.1667

68.1667

Kunyit

6

68.6667

Garam

6

69.0000

Jahe UV

6

69.0000

Sig.

N

2

3

67.1667

.115
.058
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

.069

.138

52

TVN_0
Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
Treatment
Garam UV

N
6

1
165.54550

2

Garam

6

165.66950

Kunyit

6

168.20900

Jahe

6

168.29200

Jahe UV

6

168.35533

Kunyit UV

6

169.26100

Lengkuas

6

177.00517

Lengkuas UV

6

177.07650

Kluwak

6

Kluwak UV

6

180.58317

.813
.071
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.
TMA_0
Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
6

1
22.19917

Jahe UV

6

22.20650

Lengkuas

6

22.49950

Kluwak

6

22.50450

Lengkuas UV

N

2

6

22.50467

Kluwak UV

6

22.50950

Kunyit UV

6

24.12850

Kunyit

6

24.13483

Garam UV

6

24.76767

Garam

6

24.78133

Sig.

4

180.52933

Sig.

Treatment
Jahe

3

.593
.241
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

.892

.918

53

Hard_0
Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
Treatment
Jahe

N
6

1
874.15083

Jahe UV

6

874.15083

Lengkuas

6

884.96967

Lengkuas UV

6

884.96967

Kluwak

6

932.98733

Kluwak UV

6

932.98733

Kunyit

2

1047.9946
7
1047.9946
7

6

Kunyit UV

6

Garam

3

6

Garam UV

6

Sig.

.070
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

1.000

4

1143.5201
7
1143.5201
7
1.000

Spring_0
Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
Treatment
Lengkuas

N

1

2

3

6

2.51550

Lengkuas UV

6

2.51550

Kunyit

6

2.55667

Kunyit UV

6

2.55667

Kluwak

6

3.02500

Kluwak UV

6

3.02500

Jahe

6

3.32717

Jahe UV

6

3.32717

Garam

6

Garam UV

6

Sig.

4

3.77483
3.77483
.784

1.000

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

1.000

1.000

54

TPC_0
Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
Treatment
Jahe UV

N
6

1
5.45017

2

3

Jahe

6

5.45033

Lengkuas

6

5.47600

Lengkuas UV

6

5.47600

Kunyit

6

5.70717

Kunyit UV

6

5.70717

Garam UV

6

5.72283

Garam

6

5.74517

Kluwak

6

6.45017

Kluwak UV

6

6.45017

Sig.

.640
.491
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.
Air_3

1.000

Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
Treatment
Kluwak

6

1
65.5533

Lengkuas

6

66.2300

66.2300

Kunyit

6

66.7483

66.7483

66.7483

Jahe

6

66.8883

66.8883

66.8883

Garam UV

6

67.6783

67.6783

67.6783

Garam

6

67.9250

67.9250

67.9250

Kluwak UV

6

68.4983

68.4983

Jahe UV

6

69.5667

69.5667

Kunyit UV

6

69.5917

69.5917

Lengkuas UV

6

Sig.

N

2

.181
.097
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

3

4

5

70.6900
.086

.060

.243

55

TVN_3
Duncan
Treatmen
t
Garam
Kunyit
Kluwak
Jahe
Lengkuas
Jahe UV
Kunyit
UV
Lengkuas
UV
Kluwak
UV
Garam
UV
Sig.

Subset for alpha = .05
N
6

1
135.51
900

6
6
6

2
143.80
883

3

4

151.04
483
152.00
217

6

157.82
467

6

5

170.40
717

6

6

7

178.22
650

182.41
033

6
6

8

193.44
067

6

1.000
1.000
.281
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

9

196.56
833
1.000

TMA_3
Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
Treatment
Jahe UV

6

1
31.23500

Lengkuas

6

31.47067

Lengkuas UV

6

35.13867

Kunyit

6

36.00750

Kluwak UV

6

Jahe

6

39.44800

Kunyit UV

6

40.73767

Garam

6

42.84050

Kluwak

6

42.91967

Garam UV

6

Sig.

N

2

.725
.198
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

3

4

5

6

38.03400

46.36850
1.000

.059

.906

1.000

56

Hard_3
Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
Treatment
Kluwak
Jahe
Kunyit
Garam
Garam UV
Lengkuas
Lengkuas
UV
Jahe UV
Kluwak UV
Kunyit UV

N
6
6

1
741.094
50
742.698
00

6
6

2

895.409
67
899.709
17

6

3

949.521
00

6

4

5

1139.26
650

6

6

1167.31
417

6

1588.86
383

6

.759

.412

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.
Spring_3
Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
N

1
6

2

3

4

2.47500

Lengkuas UV

6

2.75083

Kunyit UV

6

2.83667

Lengkuas

6

2.86650

Jahe UV

6

3.11850

Kluwak UV

6

3.12600

Kluwak

6

3.18283

Jahe

6

3.27867

Garam

6

Garam UV

6

Sig.

1735.97
367

6

Sig.

Treatment
Kunyit

7

3.53900
3.60350
1.000

.346

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

.208

.575

1.000

8

2437.15
200
1.000

57

TPC_3
Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
Treatment
Kluwak

N
6

1
6.74083

2

3

4

5

Garam UV

6

6.79117

Jahe UV

6

7.03317

Garam

6

7.12517

Kunyit UV

6

7.20883

7.20883

Kluwak UV

6

7.26850

7.26850

7.26850

Lengkuas UV

6

7.29183

7.29183

7.29183

Kunyit

6

7.31300

7.31300

Lengkuas

6

Jahe

6

7.12517

7.40400

.539
.264
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

.066

.251

Air_7
Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
6

1
55.7650

Jahe

6

56.3467

Garam

6

56.5533

Kunyit

6

56.9467

6

57.2650

Lengkuas

N

2

3

4

Kluwak UV

6

69.3167

Lengkuas UV

6

71.0133

Jahe UV

6

71.2017

Garam UV

6

71.2783

Kunyit UV

6

Sig.

7.40400
7.51500

Sig.

Treatment
Kluwak

6

.120
.050
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

71.0133

73.6600
.771

1.000

.135

.179

58

T_Air_7
Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
Treatment
Kluwak

N
6

1
.6486

2

3

Jahe

6

.6538

Garam

6

.6556

Kunyit

6

.6591

Lengkuas

6

.6617

Kluwak UV

6

.7592

Lengkuas UV

6

.7716

Jahe UV

6

.7731

Garam UV

6

.7734

Kunyit UV

6

.7904

.079
.052
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

1.000

Sig.

TVN_7
Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
Treatment
Jahe UV
Kunyit
Lengkuas
UV
Kunyit UV
Garam
Lengkuas
Kluwak UV
Kluwak
Jahe
Garam UV
Sig.

N
6
6

1
174.080
50
175.018
17

6

2

186.496
33

6
6

3

188.916
17
189.350
83

6

4

195.458
17

6

5

207.793
17

6

6

213.404
83

6

7

221.797
33

6
.306

1.000

.634

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

8

227.496
50
1.000

59

TMA_7
Duncan
Treatmen
t
Jahe UV

Subset for alpha = .05
N
6

Lengkuas
UV
Kluwak
UV
Kunyit

1
38.767
50

6
6

2

3

51.601
17
53.013
33

56.430
83

6

Kunyit UV

4

58.756
83

6

Garam
UV
Garam

5

6

6

65.522
83

6

Lengkuas

7

78.244
50

6

Jahe

8

80.616
00

6

Kluwak

92.422
17

1.000

1.000

95.913
50
1.000

8

9

10

6

Sig.

1.000
.130
1.000
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.
Hard_7

1.000

1.000

9

Duncan
Treatme
nt
Lengkua
s UV
Kunyit
UV
Jahe UV
Kunyit
Jahe
Garam
UV
Garam
Lengkua
s
Kluwak
UV
Kluwak
Sig.

Subset for alpha = .05
N
6
6
6
6
6

1
1083.
89300

2
1333.
00700

3

1358.
02600

4

1948.
39900

5

2009.
11317

6

6

2153.
64817

6

7

2464.
72100

6

2714.
29617

6

2853.
79017

6

1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

3134.
08117
1.000

60

Spring_7
Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
Treatment
Lengkuas UV

N
6

1
2.97717

2

3

4

Kunyit UV

6

3.02483

3.02483

Kunyit

6

3.10083

3.10083

Lengkuas

6

3.15100

3.15100

Jahe UV

6

3.15417

3.15417

Garam UV

6

3.27983

3.27983

Kluwak UV

6

3.32317

3.32317

Kluwak

6

Jahe

6

Garam

6

3.55000

5

3.55000
3.65583
4.16767

Sig.

.239
.050
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

.057

.425

TPC_7
Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05
Treatment
Kluwak

6

1
7.20400

Kunyit UV

6

7.29383

Kunyit

6

Jahe UV

6

7.47433

Garam

N

2

3

4

7.29383
7.44150

7.44150

6

7.48917

Kluwak UV

6

7.49117

Garam UV

6

7.50183

Lengkuas UV

6

7.50883

Jahe

6

7.60800

Lengkuas

6

Sig.

.241
.057
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

7.60800
7.72100

.061

.142

1.000