BAB I - ANALISIS STABILITAS LERENG MENGGUNAKAN PROGAM PLAXIS, SLOPE/W DAN METODE BISHOP (STUDI KASUS JALAN TOL SEMARANG SEKSI A KRAPYAK-JATINGALEH) - Unissula Repository
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL .........................................................................................i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ...................................... ....................................ii BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN TUGAS AKHIR / SKRIPSI ....................iii MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN ....................................................................ivKATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................vii
ABSTRAK .........................................................................................................ix DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................xDAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .........................................................................................xv
DAFTAR NOTASI DAN SIMBOL .................................................................xviii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................1
1.1 LatarBelakang .........................................................................1
1.2 Tujuan Kajian .........................................................................2
1.3 Sistematika Penyusunan Laporan .........................................3
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ...................................................................5
2.1 Definisi Kelongsoran ...............................................................5
2.2 Dampak – Dampak Longsor ..................................................6
2.3 Studi Stabilitas Lereng ...........................................................8 2.3.1.
Ebonyawan Nur Wiyono dan Widi Atmoko (2009) ........8 2.3.2. Rama Harya Khrisna, Indrastono DA, Hardi
Wibowo (2013) ................................................................9 2.3.3. Anjar Sukmono Aji dan Dian Indah Permatasari (2016) .9
2.4 Sifat – Sifat Tanah ...................................................................1
2.5 Parameter Tanah ....................................................................1 2.5.1.
Klasifikasi Tanah dari Data Sondir..................................1 2.5.2. Klasifikasi Tanah Berdasarkan Standart Penetration
Test (N-SPT) ....................................................................3 2.5.3.
Modulus Young ................................................................14 2.5.4. Poission Ratio ..................................................................16 2.5.5. Sudut Geser Dalam ( ) ...................................................16
2.5.6. Kohesi(c)..........................................................................17
2.6 Pola Pergerakan Lereng.........................................................17
2.7 Teori Kelongsoran Lereng.....................................................18
2.8 Stabilitas Lereng.....................................................................21
2.9 Faktor – Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Stabilitas Lereng....23
2.10 Analisis Stabilitas Lereng.......................................................24
2.11 Cara Menstabilkan Lereng....................................................27
2.12 Program Komputer Plaxis.....................................................28
2.13 Program Komputer SLOPE/W..............................................29
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ............................................................................38
3.1 Pengertian Umum ...................................................................38
3.2 Jenis Penelitian ........................................................................38
3.3 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ....................................................38
3.4 Deskripsi Analisa Data ...........................................................40
3.5 Metode Analisis Data ..............................................................41
3.6 Penentuan Parameter Tanah .................................................42
BAB IV PEMBAHASAN ......................................................................................44 4.1. Gambaran Umum ...................................................................44 4.2. Peta Lokasi ...............................................................................44 4.3. Ekivalen Beban Perkerasan Jalan dan Beban Lalu Lintas .45 4.4. Perhitungan Beban Timbunan ((∆P) .....................................47 4.5. Perhitungan Over Burden Pressure (Po) ...............................48 4.6. Perhitungan Penurunan Segera (Si) ......................................48 4.7. Perhitungan Penurunan Konsolidasi Tanah (Sc) ................49 4.8. Perhitungan Waktu Penurunan Tanah (t) ...........................50 4.9. Perhitungan Tinggi Timbunan Kritis ...................................52 4.10. Analisa Stabilitas Lereng ........................................................54
4.10.1 Analisis Kelongsoran Menggunakan Program
Plaxis v8.2 .....................................................................54
4.10.2 Analisis Kelongsoran Menggunakan Program
SLOPE/W ………………………………………………..…78
4.10.3 Analisa Kelongsoran Menggunakan Metode Bishop ....86 4.11.
Hasil Safety Factor (SF) Menggunakan Plaxis V8.2, SLOPE/W, dan Metode Bishop ..................................................................88
BAB IV PENUTUP .............................................................................................90
5.1 Kesimpulan ..............................................................................90
5.2 Saran ........................................................................................90
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .....................................................................................................
LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................................
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Klasifikasi tanah dari data sondir .................................................. 12Tabel 2.2 Hubungan antara kepadatan dengan berat jenis tanah kering, nilai N-SPT, tekanan konus (qc) dan sudut geser (Φ) ................... 13
Tabel 2.3 Korelasi empiris antara nilai N-SPT dengan unconfinedCompressive strength dan berat jenis tanah jenuh ( sat)
γ untuk tanah kohesif ....................................................................... 14
Tabel 2.4 Korelasi N-SPT dengan modulus elastisitas pada tanah lempung 15Tabel 2.5 Korelasi N-SPT dengan modulus elastisitas pada tanah pasir ...... 15Tabel 2.6 Hubungan antara sudut geser dalam dengan jenis tanah ............... 16Tabel 2.7 Hubungan antara sudut geser dala, tingkat plastisitas, danJenis tanah ..................................................................................... 16
Tabel 2.8 Hubungan antara kohesi, N-SPT, dan sudut geser dalam ............. 17Tabel 2.9 Hasil uji Triaxial UU tanah dengan variasi campuran serbuk batu kapur. ......................................................................... 29Tabel 3.1 Hasil pengujian tanah untuk BLO-02 pada jalan Tol SmarangSeksi A Krapyak-Jatingaleh sebagai tanah dasar .......................... 42
Tabel 3.2 Parameter tanah lapisan tanah timbunan dan tanah dasar ............. 43Tabel 4.1. Parameter desain material pada lereng Jalan TolSemarangSeksi A Krapyak-Jatingaleh .......................................................... 44
Tabel 4.2 Beban lalu lintas untuk analisis stabilitas ...................................... 46Tabel 4.3 Perhitungan beban awal (Po)......................................................... 48Tabel 4.4 Hasil penurunan tanah segeradan konsolidasi untuk timbunan 3m........................................................................ 49Tabel 4.5 Hasil penurunan tanah segeradan konsolidasi untuk timbunan 4m........................................................................ 50Tabel 4.6 Hasil penurunan tanah segeradan konsolidasi untuk timbunan 5m........................................................................ 50Tabel 4.7 Hasil perhitungan waktu penurunan tanah .................................... 51Tabel 4.8 Parameter tanah dasar.................................................................... 54Tabel 4.9 Tahap Perhitungan (calculation) ................................................... 59Tabel 4.10 Parameter tanah dasar ................................................................... 68Tabel 4.11 Parameter tanah timbunan dan perkerasan jalan ........................... 68Tabel 4.12 Tahap perhitungan (calculation) ................................................... 72Tabel 4.13 Parameter tanah dasar dan timbunan ............................................. 79Tabel 4.14 Perhitungan faktor keamanan lereng dengan metode bishop ........ 87Tabel 4.15 Hasil analisis kestabilan lereng ..................................................... 89DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Tabung split spoon sampler......................................................
34 Gambar 2.16 Tampilan kotak dialog Soil Properties.....................................
56 Gambar 4.7 Material Sets Plaxis v8.2 ..........................................................
55 Gambar 4.6 Model geometri pada plaxis v.8.2. Lereng Jalan Tol Semarang Seksi A Krapyak-Jatingaleh. ...................................................
55 Gambar 4.5 General setting-tab dimention ..................................................
52 Gambar 4.4 General setting-tab project .......................................................
45 Gambar 4.3 Grafik Waktu Penurnan ............................................................
45 Gambar 4.2 Perkerasan Jalan Rigid Pavement .............................................
37 Gambar 4.1 Peta Lokasi Jalan Tol Semarang Seksi A Krapyak-Jatingaleh .
37 Gambar 2.21 Tampilan contour longsoran lereng..........................................
36 Gambar 2.20 Tampilan kotak dialog Solve ....................................................
36 Gambar 2.19 Tampilan kotak dialog Verify Data ...........................................
35 Gambar 2.18 Jendela draw slip surface entry and exit range ........................
35 Gambar 2.17 Tampilan Geometri lereng ........................................................
33 Gambar 2.15 Tab Advance .............................................................................
13 Gambar 2.2 Rotational Slide ........................................................................
33 Gambar 2.14 Tab FOS Distribution ...............................................................
32 Gambar 2.13 Tampilan Tab Slip Surface .......................................................
31 Gambar 2.12 Tampilan kotak dialog Analysis setting ....................................
31 Gambar 2.11 Tampilan kotak dialog grid ......................................................
30 Gambar 2.10 Tampilan kotak dialog ukuran skala .........................................
30 Gambar 2.9 Tampilan kotak dialog ukuran lembar kerja .............................
24 Gambar 2.8 Tampilan geostudio ..................................................................
22 Gambar 2.7 Analisis stabilitas lereng ...........................................................
20 Gambar 2.6 kekuatan geser pada bidang longsor .........................................
20 Gambar 2.5 Deep Slide .................................................................................
19 Gambar 2.4 Surface Slide .............................................................................
19 Gambar 2.3 Translation Slide ......................................................................
56
Gambar 4.8 Tampilan setelah dilakukan Mesh Generation .........................65 Gambar 4.24 windows multiplier pada safety factor .....................................
73 Gambar 4. 37 Windows parameter pada fase konsolidasi1.............................
73 Gambar 4. 36 phase Timbunan1 .....................................................................
71 Gambar 4. 35 Tahap Berat Tanah Asli ...........................................................
71 Gambar 4. 34 Effective Strresse ......................................................................
70 Gambar 4.33 Active Pore Pressure ................................................................
70 Gambar 4.32 Tampilan setelah dilakukan Mesh Generation .........................
69 Gambar 4.31 Material Sets Plaxis v8.2 ..........................................................
69 Gambar 4.30 Beban Lalu Lintas.....................................................................
67 Gambar 4.29 Model geometri pada plaxis v.8.2. Lereng Jalan Tol Semarang Seksi A Krapyak-Jatingaleh ....................................
67 Gambar 4.28 Total Displacement (output plaxis) ..........................................
66 Gambar 4.27 windows multiplier pada safety factor .....................................
66 Gambar 4.26 Windows parameters pada Tahap Konsolidasi 5 Tahun ..........
65 Gambar 4.25 Windows parameters pada Tahap Konsolidasi 1 Tahun ..........
64 Gambar 4.23 windows general pada safety factor ........................................
57 Gambar 4.9 Active Pore Pressure ................................................................
64 Gambar 4.22 Windows general pada fase konsolidasi3 .................................
63 Gambar 4.21 phase Timbunan3 .....................................................................
62 Gambar 4.20 Windows parameters pada fase timbunan 3 .............................
62 Gambar 4.19 Windows general pada fase konsolidasi2 .................................
62 Gambar 4.18 phase Timbunan2 .....................................................................
61 Gambar 4.17 Windows parameters pada fase ktimbunan 2 ...........................
61 Gambar 4.16 Windows parameters pada fase konsolidasi1 ...........................
60 Gambar 4.15 Windows general pada fase konsolidasi1 .................................
60 Gambar 4.14 phase Timbunan1 .....................................................................
59 Gambar 4.13 Windows parameters pada fase Timbunan1 .............................
58 Gambar 4.12 Tahap Berat Tanah Asli ............................................................
58 Gambar 4.11 Tahap-Tahap Perhitungan Kalkulasi ........................................
57 Gambar 4.10 Effective Strresse ......................................................................
74
Gambar 4. 38 phase Timbunan2 .....................................................................
81 Gambar 4. 51 Tampilan units and scale ..........................................................
85 Gambar 4. 60 Bidang Gelincir perhitungan manual........................................
85 Gambar 4. 59 Hasil penggunaan menu contur ................................................
84 Gambar 4. 58 Hasil penggunaan menu solve ..................................................
84 Gambar 4. 57 Tampilan mengecek langkah-langkah pekerjaan .....................
83 Gambar 4. 56 Penggambaran lokasi longsor ...................................................
83 Gambar 4. 55 Input material............................................................................
82 Gambar 4. 54 Tampilan membuat material .....................................................
82 Gambar 4. 53 Tamilan menu axes ...................................................................
81 Gambar 4. 52 Tampilan menu grid .................................................................
80 Gambar 4. 50 Tampilan set page.....................................................................
74 Gambar 4. 39 Windows parameter pada fase konsolidasi2.............................
80 Gambar 4. 49 Tampilan menu slip surface .....................................................
79 Gambar 4. 48 Tampilan menu seeting.............................................................
78 Gambar 4. 47 Pilihan pada template pada geostudio ......................................
78 Gambar 4. 46 Total Displacement (Output Plaxis) .........................................
77 Gambar 4. 45 windows multiplier pada safety factor .....................................
77 Gambar 4. 44 windows parameters pada consolidation..................................
76 Gambar 4. 43 Time Interval untuk Tahap Konsolidasi selama 1 Tahun .........
76 Gambar 4. 42 windows multiplier pada safety factor .....................................
75 Gambar 4. 41 Pembebanan lalu lintas .............................................................
75 Gambar 4.40 Perkerasan jalan (rigid pavement) ............................................
86
DAFTAR NOTASI dan SIMBOL
n = Porositas.k = Permebilitas. S = Derajat kejenuhan. W = Kadar air. G = Berat jenis tanah. w = Berat isi air. s = Berat isi butir tanah.
Ww = Berat air. Vw = Volume air. Ws = Berat butiran tanah. Vs = Volume butir tanah.
= Berat isi tanah. d = Berat volume kering tanah. sat = Berat volume tanah tak jenuh air. unsat = Berat volume tanah jenuh air. qc = Tekanan conus. fs = Hambatan pelekat.
= Sudut geser dalam tanah. qu = Unconfined Compressive Strength. Es = Modulus Elastisitas. v = Poisson Ratio. c = Kohesi tanah. ψ = Dilatasi tanah.
FK = Faktor keamanan. bi = Lebar irisan ke – i. Wi = Berat irisan tanah ke – i. i = Sudut yang diasumsikan (didefinisikan) dalam.
Ui = Tekanan air pori pada irisan ke – i. σ = Tegangan normal total pada bidang longsor.
Po = Over Burden Pressure
Si = Penurunan segera Sc = Penurunan konsolidasi Tv = Faktor waktu Hcr = Tinggi timbunan kritis