LAMPIRAN I LISTING PROGRAM ALGORITMA STOP AND GO

  

LAMPIRAN I

LISTING PROGRAM ALGORITMA STOP AND GO

%IMPLEMENTASI BLIND EQUALIZATION MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA STOP AND GO

  clc; clear all ; close all ; T=2000; % Jumlah sample data dB=25; % SNR(dB) L=27; % smoothing length L+1 ChL=1; % Panjang Kanal = ChL+1 EqD=round((L+ChL)/2); % Channel Equalization Delay i=sqrt(-1);

  %Ch=randn(1,ChL+1)+sqrt(-1)*randn(1,ChL+1); % complex channel %Ch=[0.0545+j*0.05 .2832-.1197*j -.7676+.2788*j -.0641-.0576*j .0566-.2275*j .4063-.0739*j];

  Ch=[0.8+i*0.1 .9-i*0.2]; %complex channel Ch=Ch/norm(Ch); % normalize TxS=round(rand(1,T))*2-1; % QPSK symbols are transmitted symbols TxS=TxS+sqrt(-1)*(round(rand(1,T))*2-1); x=filter(Ch,1,TxS); %channel distortion n=randn(1,T)+sqrt(-1)*randn(1,T); % additive white gaussian noise

  (complex)

  n=n/norm(n)*10^(-dB/20)*norm(x); % scale noise power x1=x+n; % received noisy signal

  %estimation using SGA

  M=T-L; %% Discard initial samples for avoiding 0's and negative X=zeros(L+1,M); %each vector

  for i=1:M

  X(:,i)=x1(i+L:-1:i).';

  end

  e=zeros(1,M); % to store the error signal c=zeros(L+1,1); c(EqD)=1; % initial condition mu=0.001; % step size

  for i=1:M-1

  y(i)=c'*X(:,i); j(i)=mean(abs(c'*X(:,i))); % initial error e(i)=sign(y(i))-y(i); % instant error c=c-mu*j(i)*X(:,i)*X(:,i)'*c; % update equalizer co-

  efficients end

  sym=c'*X; % symbol estimation

  %calculate SER

  H=zeros(L+1,L+ChL+1); for i=1:L+1, H(i,i:i+ChL)=Ch; end % channel

  matrix fh=c'*H; % channel equalizer temp=find(abs(fh)==max(abs(fh))); %find maximum sb1=sym/(fh(temp)); % normalize the output sb1=sign(real(sb1))+sqrt(-1)*sign(imag(sb1)); % perform symbol

  detection

  strt=6; sb2=sb1-TxS(strt+1:strt+length(sb1)); % detecting error symbols SER=length(find(sb2~=0))/length(sb2); % SER calculations disp(SER);

  % plot of transmitted bits

  subplot(2,2,1), plot(TxS, '*' ); grid on ,title( 'Transmitted bits' ); xlabel( 'real' ),ylabel( 'imaginary' ) axis([-3 3 -3 3])

  % plot of received symbols

  subplot(2,2,2), plot(x1, 'o' ); grid on , title( 'Received symbols' ); xlabel( 'real' ), ylabel( 'imaginary' )

  % plot of the equalized symbols

  subplot(2,2,3), plot(sym, 'o' ); grid on , title( 'After Equalization' ), xlabel( 'real' ), ylabel( 'imaginary' )

  % convergence of algorithm

  subplot(2,2,4), plot(abs(j)); grid on , title( 'Convergence' ), xlabel( 'n' ), ylabel( 'error

  signal' );

  axis([0 2000 0 4]);

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1

  4 Convergence n er ror s ignal

  1. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.001 SER = 0.6977

  4 Convergence er ror s ignal

  3

  2

  1

  im agi nar y

  2 Received symbols real im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  2 Transmitted bits real im agi nar y

  2

  3

  2

  1

• 0.5
• 1 -0.5

  500 1000 1500 2000

  0.5 After Equalization real im agi nar y

  1

  0.5

  2 Received symbols real im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  2 Transmitted bits real im agi nar y

  2

  2. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.002 SER = 0. 6803

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1

  3. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.004 SER = 0. 6510

  Transmitted bits Received symbols

  2

  2

  1

  y y nar nar agi agi im im

• 1
<
• 2
• 2 2 -2 -1

  1

  2 real real After Equalization Convergence

  0.4

  4

  0.2

  3

  y ignal nar

  2

  s agi ror im er

• 0.2

  1

• 0.4
• 0.4 -0.2

  0.2 0.4 500 1000 1500 2000 real n

  4. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.006 SER = 0. 6525

  Transmitted bits Received symbols

  2

  2

  1

  y y nar nar agi agi im im

• 1
<
• 2
• 2 2 -2 -1

  1

  2 real real After Equalization Convergence

  0.4

  4

  0.2

  3

  y ignal nar

  2

  s agi ror im er

• 0.2

  1

• 0.4
• 0.4 -0.2

  0.2 0.4 500 1000 1500 2000

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1

• 0.4
• 0.2
• 0.2 -0.1

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real

  im agi nar y

  0.1

  0.2

  0.1

  im agi nar y

  0.2 After Equalization real

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  4 Convergence n

  er ror s ignal

  5. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.008 SER = 0. 7898

  1

  2 Transmitted bits real

  im agi nar y

  0.1

  2

  2 Transmitted bits real im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real im agi nar y

  0.2

  2

  0.2

  0.4 After Equalization real im agi nar y

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  4 Convergence n er ror s ignal

  6. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.011 SER = 0. 8793

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1
• 0.2
• 0.1
• 0.2 -0.1

  7. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.012 SER = 0. 8737

  Transmitted bits Received symbols

  2

  2

  1

  y y nar nar agi agi im im

• 1
<
• 2
• 2 2 -2 -1

  1

  2 real real After Equalization Convergence

  0.2

  4

  0.1

  3

  y ignal nar

  2

  s agi ror im er

• 0.1

  1

• 0.2
• 0.4 -0.2

  0.2 0.4 500 1000 1500 2000 real n

  8. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.014 SER = 0. 8773

  Transmitted bits Received symbols

  2

  2

  1

  y y nar nar agi agi im im

• 1
<
• 2
• 2 2 -2 -1

  1

  2 real real After Equalization Convergence

  0.2

  4

  0.1

  3

  y ignal nar

  2

  s agi ror im er

• 0.1

  1

• 0.2
• 0.2 -0.1

  0.1 0.2 500 1000 1500 2000 real n

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1

  0.1

  im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real

  im agi nar y

  0.1

  0.2

  0.2 After Equalization real

  2

  im agi nar y

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  4 Convergence n

  er ror s ignal

  9. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.016 SER = 0. 8778

  2 Transmitted bits real

  er ror s ignal

  im agi nar y

  2

  2 Transmitted bits real

  im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real

• 0.2
• 0.1
• 0.2 -0.1

  0.1

  4 Convergence n

  0.2

  0.1

  0.2 After Equalization real

  im agi nar y

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  10. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.018 SER = 0. 8768

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1
• 0.2
• 0.1
• 0.2 -0.1

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1

  0.1

  im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real

  im agi nar y

  0.1

  0.2

  0.2 After Equalization

  2

  im agi nar y

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  4 Convergence

  er ror s ignal

  11. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.020 SER = 0. 8768

  2 Transmitted bits real

  er ror s ignal

  im agi nar y

  2

  2 Transmitted bits real

  im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real

• 0.2
• 0.1
• 0.2 -0.1

  0.1

  4 Convergence n

  0.2

  0.1

  0.2 After Equalization real

  im agi nar y

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  12. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.022 SER = 0. 8854

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1
• 0.2
• 0.1
• 0.2 -0.1

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1

  0.2

  im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real

  im agi nar y

  0.2

  0.4

  0.4 After Equalization real

  2

  im agi nar y

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  4 Convergence n

  er ror s ignal

  13. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.024 SER = 0. 8626

  2 Transmitted bits real

  er ror s ignal

  im agi nar y

  2

  2 Transmitted bits real

  im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real

• 0.2
• 0.1
• 0.2 -0.1

  0.1

  4 Convergence n

  0.2

  0.1

  0.2 After Equalization real

  im agi nar y

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  14. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.026 SER = 0. 8722

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1
• 0.4
• 0.2
• 0.4 -0.2

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1

• 0.4
• 0.2
• 0.4 -0.2

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1
• 0.4
• 0.2

  1

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real

  im agi nar y

  0.2

  im agi nar y

  0.4 After Equalization

  1

  2

  3

  4 Convergence

  er ror s ignal

  15. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.028 SER = 0. 8439

  im agi nar y

  2

  2 Transmitted bits real

  0.2

  2

  2 Transmitted bits real im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real im agi nar y

  0.4

  4 Convergence n er ror s ignal

  0.2

  0.4 After Equalization real im agi nar y

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  16. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.030 SER = 0. 08731

• 2

• 2
• 1
• 2

• 2 -1
• 0.4
• 0.2
• 0.4 -0.2

  0.2

  er ror s ignal

  4 Convergence n

  3

  2

  1

  500 1000 1500 2000

  im agi nar y

  0.4 After Equalization real

  0.2

  0.4

  im agi nar y

  2 Received symbols real

  1

  2

  1

  im agi nar y

  2 Transmitted bits real

  2

  17. Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.032 SER = 0. 08675

PENGARUH NILAI PANJANG FILTER TERHADAP SER MENGGUNAKAN EKUALIZER STOP AND GO

  1. Untuk nilai Panjang Filter = 20 SER = 0. 7606 Transmitted bits Received symbols

  2

  2

  1 y y nar nar agi agi im im

• 1
<
• 2
• 2 2 -2 -1

  1

  2 real real After Equalization Convergence

  0.4

  4

  0.2

  3 y ignal nar

  2 s agi ror im er

• 0.2

  1

• 0.4
• 0.4 -0.2

  0.2 0.4 500 1000 1500 2000 real n

  2. Untuk nilai Panjang Filter = 21 SER = 0. 7514 Transmitted bits Received symbols

  2

  2

  1 y y nar nar agi agi im im

• 1
<
• 2
• 2 2 -2 -1

  1

  2 real real After Equalization Convergence

  0.5

  4

  3 y ignal nar

  2 s agi ror im er

  1

• 0.5
• 0.5 0.5 500 1000 1500 2000 real n

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1

• 1
• 0.5
• 0.5

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real

  im agi nar y

  0.5

  1

  0.5

  im agi nar y

  1 After Equalization real

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  4 Convergence n

  er ror s ignal

  3. Untuk nilai Panjang Filter = 23 SER = 0.7438

  1

  im agi nar y

  2 Transmitted bits real

  2

  2

  2 Transmitted bits real im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real im agi nar y

  0.5

  1

  0.5 After Equalization real im agi nar y

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  4 Convergence n er ror s ignal

  4. Untuk nilai Panjang Filter = 25 SER = 0.7456

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1
• 1
• 0.5
• 1 -0.5

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1

  0.5

  2

  2 Transmitted bits real im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real im agi nar y

  1

  4 Convergence n

  0.5 After Equalization real im agi nar y

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  4 Convergence n er ror s ignal

  5. Untuk nilai Panjang Filter = 27 SER = 0.7478

  er ror s ignal

  3

  6. Untuk nilai Panjang Filter = 29 SER = 0.7533

  2 Received symbols real

  2

  2 Transmitted bits real

  im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  im agi nar y

  2

  0.5

  1

  0.5

  1 After Equalization real

  im agi nar y

• 1
• 0.5
• 1 -0.5

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1
• 0.5
• 1 -0.5

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1

• 0.5
• 1 -0.5

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real

  im agi nar y

  0.5

  0.5 After Equalization real

  500 1000 1500 2000

  im agi nar y

  1

  2

  3

  4 Convergence n

  er ror s ignal

  7. Untuk nilai Panjang Filter = 31 SER = 0.7578

  1

  2 Transmitted bits real

  im agi nar y

  2 Received symbols real im agi nar y

  2

  2 Transmitted bits real im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  

0.5

  2

  0.5 After Equalization real im agi nar y

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  4 Convergence n er ror s ignal

  8. Untuk nilai Panjang Filter = 33 SER = 0.7578

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1
• 0.5
• 0.5

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1

• 0.5
• 0.5

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real

  im agi nar y

  0.5

  0.5

  1 After Equalization real

  im agi nar y

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  4 Convergence n

  er ror s ignal

  9. Untuk nilai Panjang Filter = 37 SER = 0.7734

  1

  im agi nar y

  2 Transmitted bits real

  2 Received symbols real im agi nar y

  2

  2 Transmitted bits real im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  

0.5

  2

  0.5 After Equalization real im agi nar y

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  4 Convergence n er ror s ignal

  10. Untuk nilai Panjang Filter = 39 SER = 0.7821

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1
• 1
• 0.5
• 0.5

• 2

• 2
• 1
• 2

• 2 -1
• 0.5
• 0.5

  er ror s ignal

  4 Convergence n

  3

  2

  1

  500 1000 1500 2000

  im agi nar y

  1 After Equalization real

  0.5

  0.5

  im agi nar y

  2 Received symbols real

  1

  2

  1

  im agi nar y

  2 Transmitted bits real

  2

  11. Untuk nilai Panjang Filter = 41 SER = 0.7832

PENGARUH NILAI SNR TERHADAP SER MENGGUNAKAN EKUALIZER STOP AND GO

  1. Untuk nilai SNR = 15 SER = 0.7595

  Transmitted bits Received symbols

  2

  2

  1

  y y nar nar agi agi im im

• 1
<
• 2
• 2 2 -2 -1

  1

  2 real real After Equalization Convergence

  0.5

  4

  3

  y ignal nar

  2

  s agi ror im er

  1

• 0.5
• 0.5 0.5 500 1000 1500 2000 real n

  2. Untuk nilai SNR = 16 SER = 0.7575 Transmitted bits Received symbols

  2

  2

  1 y y nar nar agi agi im im

• 1
<
• 2
• 2 2 -2 -1

  1

  2 real real After Equalization Convergence

  0.5

  4

  3 y ignal nar

  2 s agi ror im er

  1

• 0.5

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1

• 0.5
• 1 -0.5

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real

  im agi nar y

  0.5

  0.5 After Equalization real

  500 1000 1500 2000

  im agi nar y

  1

  2

  3

  4 Convergence n

  er ror s ignal

  3. Untuk nilai SNR = 17 SER = 0.7453

  1

  2 Transmitted bits real

  im agi nar y

  2 Received symbols real im agi nar y

  2

  2 Transmitted bits real im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  0.5

  2

  0.5 After Equalization real im agi nar y

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  4 Convergence n er ror s ignal

  4. Untuk nilai SNR = 18 SER = 0.7372

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1
• 0.5
• 0.5

  5. Untuk nilai SNR = 19 SER = 0.7418 Transmitted bits Received symbols

  2

  2

  1 y y nar nar agi agi im im

• 1
<
• 2
• 2 2 -2 -1

  1

  2 real real After Equalization Convergence

  1

  4

  3 y

  0.5 ignal nar

  2 s agi ror im er

  1

• 0.5
• 1 -0.5

  0.5 1 500 1000 1500 2000 real n

  6. Untuk nilai SNR = 20 SER = 0.7478

  Transmitted bits Received symbols

  2

  2

  1

  y y nar nar agi agi im im

• 1
<
• 2
• 2 2 -2 -1

  1

  2 real real After Equalization Convergence

  0.5

  4

  3

  y ignal nar

  2

  s agi ror im er

  1

• 0.5
• 0.5 0.5 500 1000 1500 2000 real n

  7. Untuk nilai SNR = 21 SER = 0.7456

  Transmitted bits Received symbols

  2

  2

  1

  y y nar nar agi agi im im

• 1
<
• 2
• 2 2 -2 -1

  1

  2 real real After Equalization Convergence

  0.5

  4

  3

  y ignal nar

  2

  s agi ror im er

  1

• 0.5
• 0.5 0.5 500 1000 1500 2000 real n

  8. Untuk nilai SNR = 22 SER = 0.7403

  Transmitted bits Received symbols

  2

  2

  1

  y y nar nar agi agi im im

• 1
<
• 2
• 2 2 -2 -1

  1

  2 real real After Equalization Convergence

  0.5

  4

  3

  y ignal nar

  2

  s agi ror im er

  1

• 0.5
• 0.5 0.5 500 1000 1500 2000 real n

  9. Untuk nilai SNR = 23 SER = 0.7429

  Transmitted bits Received symbols

  2

  2

  1

  y y nar nar agi agi im im

• 1
<
• 2
• 2 2 -2 -1

  1

  2 real real After Equalization Convergence

  0.5

  4

  3

  y ignal nar

  2

  s agi ror im er

  1

• 0.5
• 1 -0.5 0.5 500 1000 1500 2000 real n

  10. Untuk nilai SNR = 24 SER = 0.7476

  Transmitted bits Received symbols

  2

  2

  1

  y y nar nar agi agi im im

• 1
<
• 2
• 2 2 -2 -1

  1

  2 real real After Equalization Convergence

  0.5

  4

  3

  y ignal nar

  2

  s agi ror im er

  1

• 0.5
• 0.5

  0.5 1 500 1000 1500 2000

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1

  0.5 After Equalization real

  im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  2 Received symbols real

  im agi nar y

  0.5

  im agi nar y

  2

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

  4 Convergence n

  er ror s ignal

  11. Untuk nilai SNR = 25 SER = 0.7418

  2 Transmitted bits real

  er ror s ignal

  12. Untuk nilai SNR = 26 SER = 0.7475

  2 Received symbols real

  2

  2 Transmitted bits real

  im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  im agi nar y

  4 Convergence n

  0.5

  0.5 After Equalization real

  im agi nar y

  500 1000 1500 2000

  1

  2

  3

• 0.5
• 1 -0.5

• 2
• 2
• 1
• 2
• 2 -1
• 0.5
• 1 -0.5

• 2
• 2
• 1

• 2

• 2 -1
• 0.5
• 1 -0.5

  4 Convergence n er ror s ignal

  3

  2

  1

  500 1000 1500 2000

  0.5 After Equalization real im agi nar y

  0.5

  

1

  2 Received symbols real im agi nar y

  1

  2

  1

  2 Transmitted bits real im agi nar y

  2

  13. Untuk nilai SNR = 27 SER = 0.7387