Indra Kusuma G2A009120 Bab 8
41
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1
In: Sulistia Gan Gunawan (eds.) Farmakologi dan Terapi, 5th ed. Jakarta:
FK Universitas Indonesia; 2008. p230-246
2
Toms L, McQuay HJ, Derry S, Moore RA. Single Dose Oral Paracetamol
(Acetaminophen) For Postoperative Pain in Adults. The Cochrane
Collaboration. 20012;(6)
3
Adnan Asaad Abu omar, Khaled Awwad Al issa. Intravenous
paracetamol (Prefalgan) for analgesia after cesarean section. Rawal
Medical Journal.2011;36(4)
4
J. A. Alhashemi and M. F. Daghistani. Effects of intraoperative i.v
acetaminophen vs i.m meperidine on post-tonsillectomy pain in children.
British Journal of Anaesthesia.2006;(6)
5
Heirmayani. Toksikopatologi Hati Mencit Pada Pemberian Parasetamol.
IPB. 2007
6
Paramita, P. Kadar Serum Aspartat Aminotransferase dan Alanin
Aminotransferase Pada Tikus Wistar Setelah Pemberian Asetaminofen
Per Oral Dalam Berbagai Dosis. Semarang: UNDIP. 2007
7
Moynihan, R. FDA fails to reduce accessibility of paracetamol despite
450 deaths a year. BMJ; 2002. p325-678
8
Siker BPOM. Data keracunan parasetamol di Indonesia tahun 20022005.BPOM. 2006
9
Soenarjo (eds.). Anestesiologi. Semarang: IDSAI Cabang Jawa Tengah.
2002; p295-309
42
10
Sherlock, S. Penyakit Hati dan Sistem Saluran Empedu. Jakarta: Widya
Medika. 1995;p145-167
11
Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia
[internet].
[cited
2013
februari
9].
Available
from:
http://bahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/kbbi/index.php Susilaningsih,
12
Boulton, T.B. Anestesiologi, Edisi 10. Jakarta: EGC. 2004;p120-122
13
Latief, S.A. et al. Petunjuk Praktis Anestesiologi. Jakarta: Bag.
Anestesiologi dan Terapi intensif FK UI. 2002;p86-90
14
Katzung, B.G. Farmakologi Dasar dan Klinik. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.
2004;p479-489
15
Dorland. Kamus Kedokteran Dorland. Jakarta: EGC. 2008;p.(n)
16
Price, S.A et al. Patofisiologi vol. 1. Jakarta: EGC. 2005;p457-515
17
Bagian Anatomi. Situs Abdominis. Semarang: Bagian Anatomi, Fakultas
Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro
18
Leeson S.T. et al. Buku Ajar Histologi. Jakarta: EGC. 2003
19
Neni. Lecture Notes Histologi 2. Semarang: Bagian Histologi Fakultas
Kedokteran UNDIP. 2010
20
Aru W dkk. Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid 1 Edisi V. Jakarta:
InternaPublishing. 2009;p640-688
21
Marshall, W. Alanine Aminotranferase (Serum, Plasma). The Association
for Clinical Biochemistry. 2012
22
Guyton and Hall. Textbook Of Medical Physiology. Jakarta:EGC.1997;
23
Girindra A. Patologi Klinik. Bogor:IPB. 1986
43
24
Frank C. Toksikologi Dasar, Edisi 2. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FK UI.
1995;p111-113
25
Julita, I. Aspek Farmakokinetik Klinik Beberapa Obat Berpotensi
Hepatotoksik Pada Pasien Rawat Inap di Bangsal Paru RSUP Dr. M.
Djamil Padang.2011
26
World
Health
Organization
(WHO).
General
Guidelines
for
Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine.
Geneva: WHO. 2000
27
Laurence, D.R. et al. Evaluation of Drug Activities. London: Academic
Press.1964
28
LeeWM,
Ostapowicz
G.
Acetaminophen
:
Pathology
and
clinicalpresentations of hepatotoxicity. In: Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD,
editors. DrugInduced Liver Injury. Informa Healthcare USA, 2007
29
Nelson SD, Bruschi SA. Mechanisms of acetaminophen induced
liverdamage. In: Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, editors. Drug Induced Liver
Injury.Informa Healthcare USA, 2007
30
MedlinePlus [internet]. United State: SGPT/ALT; 2011 [update 2013 Feb
2; cited 2013 Jul 31]. Available from: http://www.webmd.com/digestivedisorders/alanine-aminotransferase-alt?page=2
31
E, Kosasih dan A.S Kosasih. Tafsiran hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium
klinik, Edisi 2. Tangerang: Karishma Publishing Group; 2008;p150-152
LAMPIRAN
44
LAMPIRAN 1. ETHICAL CLEARANCE
LAMPIRAN 2. SURAT IJIN PENELITIAN
45
LAMPIRAN 3. HASIL PENELITIAN
46
Case Processing Summary
Cases
kadar
SGPT
kadar
SGPT
pemberian
parasetamol
KONTROL
PERLAKUAN 1
PERLAKUAN 2
pemberian
parasetamol
KONTROL
N
Valid
Percent
5 100.0%
5 100.0%
5 100.0%
Descriptives
N
Missing
Percent
0
.0%
0
.0%
0
.0%
Total
Percent
5 100.0%
5 100.0%
5 100.0%
Statistic
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
67.780
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
67.794
68.500
Variance
48.297
Std. Deviation
6.9496
Minimum
59.7
Maximum
75.6
Range
15.9
13.7
Skewness
Kurtosis
Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
3.1080
76.409
Median
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Std. Error
59.151
5% Trimmed Mean
Interquartile Range
PERLAKUAN 1
N
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
-.117
.913
-2.529
2.000
90.540
7.3971
70.002
111.078
90.544
95.700
Variance
273.588
Std. Deviation
16.5405
Minimum
71.5
Maximum
109.5
Range
38.0
Interquartile Range
31.9
47
Skewness
PERLAKUAN 2
-.232
.913
Kurtosis
-2.494
2.000
Mean
98.560
9.2999
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Lower Bound
72.739
Upper Bound
124.381
5% Trimmed Mean
99.644
Median
107.700
Variance
432.443
Std. Deviation
20.7953
Minimum
63.2
Maximum
114.4
Range
51.2
Interquartile Range
32.4
Skewness
Kurtosis
-1.750
.913
3.053
2.000
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnov(a)
pemberian
parasetamol
KONTROL
kadar
SGPT
Statistic
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
Sig.
5
.200(*)
.922
5
.540
PERLAKUAN 1
.225
5
.200(*)
.906
5
.442
PERLAKUAN 2
.270
5
.200(*)
.804
5
.087
* This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a Lilliefors Significance Correction
120.0
kadar SGPT
df
.205
100.0
80.0
11
60.0
KONTROL
PERLAKUAN 1
PERLAKUAN 2
pemberian parasetamol
48
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
kadar SGPT
Levene
Statistic
1.850
df1
df2
2
Sig.
.199
12
ANOVA
kadar SGPT
Between Groups
Sum of
Squares
2549.577
2
Mean Square
1274.789
Within Groups
3017.312
12
251.443
Total
5566.889
14
df
F
5.070
Sig.
.025
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: kadar SGPT
LSD
(J) pemberian
parasetamol
Mean
Difference (IJ)
KONTROL
PERLAKUAN 1
PERLAKUAN 2
Lower Bound
-22.7600(*)
-30.7800(*)
Upper
Bound
10.0288
10.0288
Lower
Bound
.042
.010
Upper
Bound
-44.611
-52.631
Lower
Bound
-.909
-8.929
PERLAKUAN 1
KONTROL
22.7600(*)
10.0288
.042
.909
44.611
-8.0200
30.7800(*)
8.0200
* The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
10.0288
10.0288
10.0288
.439
.010
.439
-29.871
8.929
-13.831
13.831
52.631
29.871
(I) pemberian
parasetamol
PERLAKUAN 2
PERLAKUAN 2
KONTROL
PERLAKUAN 1
LAMPIRAN 4. DOKUMENTASI
Std.
Error
Sig.
95% Confidence
Interval
49
50
51
LAMPIRAN 5. DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP
Identitas
Nama
: Indra Kusuma
NIM
: G2A009128
Tempat, Tanggal lahir
: Rembang, 27 November 1991
Jenis Kelamin
: Laki-laki
Alamat
: Ds. Soditan RT : 03/ II Lasem Kab. Rembang
Nomor Telepon
: (0295) 531306
Nomor HP
: 08811080222
e-mail
: dr.iin.kusuma@gmail.com
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
1. SD
: MI-ANNASHRIYAH
Lulus tahun
: 2003
2. SMP
: SMP N 1 LASEM
Lulus tahun
: 2006
3. SMA
: SMA N 2 REMBANG
Lulus tahun
: 2009
4. FK UNDIP : Masuk tahun : 2009
Keanggotaan Organisasi
1. Ketua Jaringan Mahasiswa Kesehatan Indonesia
Tahun 2011 s/d 2012
2. Wakil Ketua Medical Creative Arts
Tahun 2010 s/d 2012
3. Staff Bidang Ekonomi Usaha dan Investasi
Tahun 2010 s/d 2011
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1
In: Sulistia Gan Gunawan (eds.) Farmakologi dan Terapi, 5th ed. Jakarta:
FK Universitas Indonesia; 2008. p230-246
2
Toms L, McQuay HJ, Derry S, Moore RA. Single Dose Oral Paracetamol
(Acetaminophen) For Postoperative Pain in Adults. The Cochrane
Collaboration. 20012;(6)
3
Adnan Asaad Abu omar, Khaled Awwad Al issa. Intravenous
paracetamol (Prefalgan) for analgesia after cesarean section. Rawal
Medical Journal.2011;36(4)
4
J. A. Alhashemi and M. F. Daghistani. Effects of intraoperative i.v
acetaminophen vs i.m meperidine on post-tonsillectomy pain in children.
British Journal of Anaesthesia.2006;(6)
5
Heirmayani. Toksikopatologi Hati Mencit Pada Pemberian Parasetamol.
IPB. 2007
6
Paramita, P. Kadar Serum Aspartat Aminotransferase dan Alanin
Aminotransferase Pada Tikus Wistar Setelah Pemberian Asetaminofen
Per Oral Dalam Berbagai Dosis. Semarang: UNDIP. 2007
7
Moynihan, R. FDA fails to reduce accessibility of paracetamol despite
450 deaths a year. BMJ; 2002. p325-678
8
Siker BPOM. Data keracunan parasetamol di Indonesia tahun 20022005.BPOM. 2006
9
Soenarjo (eds.). Anestesiologi. Semarang: IDSAI Cabang Jawa Tengah.
2002; p295-309
42
10
Sherlock, S. Penyakit Hati dan Sistem Saluran Empedu. Jakarta: Widya
Medika. 1995;p145-167
11
Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia
[internet].
[cited
2013
februari
9].
Available
from:
http://bahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/kbbi/index.php Susilaningsih,
12
Boulton, T.B. Anestesiologi, Edisi 10. Jakarta: EGC. 2004;p120-122
13
Latief, S.A. et al. Petunjuk Praktis Anestesiologi. Jakarta: Bag.
Anestesiologi dan Terapi intensif FK UI. 2002;p86-90
14
Katzung, B.G. Farmakologi Dasar dan Klinik. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.
2004;p479-489
15
Dorland. Kamus Kedokteran Dorland. Jakarta: EGC. 2008;p.(n)
16
Price, S.A et al. Patofisiologi vol. 1. Jakarta: EGC. 2005;p457-515
17
Bagian Anatomi. Situs Abdominis. Semarang: Bagian Anatomi, Fakultas
Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro
18
Leeson S.T. et al. Buku Ajar Histologi. Jakarta: EGC. 2003
19
Neni. Lecture Notes Histologi 2. Semarang: Bagian Histologi Fakultas
Kedokteran UNDIP. 2010
20
Aru W dkk. Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid 1 Edisi V. Jakarta:
InternaPublishing. 2009;p640-688
21
Marshall, W. Alanine Aminotranferase (Serum, Plasma). The Association
for Clinical Biochemistry. 2012
22
Guyton and Hall. Textbook Of Medical Physiology. Jakarta:EGC.1997;
23
Girindra A. Patologi Klinik. Bogor:IPB. 1986
43
24
Frank C. Toksikologi Dasar, Edisi 2. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FK UI.
1995;p111-113
25
Julita, I. Aspek Farmakokinetik Klinik Beberapa Obat Berpotensi
Hepatotoksik Pada Pasien Rawat Inap di Bangsal Paru RSUP Dr. M.
Djamil Padang.2011
26
World
Health
Organization
(WHO).
General
Guidelines
for
Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine.
Geneva: WHO. 2000
27
Laurence, D.R. et al. Evaluation of Drug Activities. London: Academic
Press.1964
28
LeeWM,
Ostapowicz
G.
Acetaminophen
:
Pathology
and
clinicalpresentations of hepatotoxicity. In: Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD,
editors. DrugInduced Liver Injury. Informa Healthcare USA, 2007
29
Nelson SD, Bruschi SA. Mechanisms of acetaminophen induced
liverdamage. In: Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, editors. Drug Induced Liver
Injury.Informa Healthcare USA, 2007
30
MedlinePlus [internet]. United State: SGPT/ALT; 2011 [update 2013 Feb
2; cited 2013 Jul 31]. Available from: http://www.webmd.com/digestivedisorders/alanine-aminotransferase-alt?page=2
31
E, Kosasih dan A.S Kosasih. Tafsiran hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium
klinik, Edisi 2. Tangerang: Karishma Publishing Group; 2008;p150-152
LAMPIRAN
44
LAMPIRAN 1. ETHICAL CLEARANCE
LAMPIRAN 2. SURAT IJIN PENELITIAN
45
LAMPIRAN 3. HASIL PENELITIAN
46
Case Processing Summary
Cases
kadar
SGPT
kadar
SGPT
pemberian
parasetamol
KONTROL
PERLAKUAN 1
PERLAKUAN 2
pemberian
parasetamol
KONTROL
N
Valid
Percent
5 100.0%
5 100.0%
5 100.0%
Descriptives
N
Missing
Percent
0
.0%
0
.0%
0
.0%
Total
Percent
5 100.0%
5 100.0%
5 100.0%
Statistic
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
67.780
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
67.794
68.500
Variance
48.297
Std. Deviation
6.9496
Minimum
59.7
Maximum
75.6
Range
15.9
13.7
Skewness
Kurtosis
Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
3.1080
76.409
Median
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Std. Error
59.151
5% Trimmed Mean
Interquartile Range
PERLAKUAN 1
N
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
-.117
.913
-2.529
2.000
90.540
7.3971
70.002
111.078
90.544
95.700
Variance
273.588
Std. Deviation
16.5405
Minimum
71.5
Maximum
109.5
Range
38.0
Interquartile Range
31.9
47
Skewness
PERLAKUAN 2
-.232
.913
Kurtosis
-2.494
2.000
Mean
98.560
9.2999
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Lower Bound
72.739
Upper Bound
124.381
5% Trimmed Mean
99.644
Median
107.700
Variance
432.443
Std. Deviation
20.7953
Minimum
63.2
Maximum
114.4
Range
51.2
Interquartile Range
32.4
Skewness
Kurtosis
-1.750
.913
3.053
2.000
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnov(a)
pemberian
parasetamol
KONTROL
kadar
SGPT
Statistic
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
Sig.
5
.200(*)
.922
5
.540
PERLAKUAN 1
.225
5
.200(*)
.906
5
.442
PERLAKUAN 2
.270
5
.200(*)
.804
5
.087
* This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a Lilliefors Significance Correction
120.0
kadar SGPT
df
.205
100.0
80.0
11
60.0
KONTROL
PERLAKUAN 1
PERLAKUAN 2
pemberian parasetamol
48
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
kadar SGPT
Levene
Statistic
1.850
df1
df2
2
Sig.
.199
12
ANOVA
kadar SGPT
Between Groups
Sum of
Squares
2549.577
2
Mean Square
1274.789
Within Groups
3017.312
12
251.443
Total
5566.889
14
df
F
5.070
Sig.
.025
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: kadar SGPT
LSD
(J) pemberian
parasetamol
Mean
Difference (IJ)
KONTROL
PERLAKUAN 1
PERLAKUAN 2
Lower Bound
-22.7600(*)
-30.7800(*)
Upper
Bound
10.0288
10.0288
Lower
Bound
.042
.010
Upper
Bound
-44.611
-52.631
Lower
Bound
-.909
-8.929
PERLAKUAN 1
KONTROL
22.7600(*)
10.0288
.042
.909
44.611
-8.0200
30.7800(*)
8.0200
* The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
10.0288
10.0288
10.0288
.439
.010
.439
-29.871
8.929
-13.831
13.831
52.631
29.871
(I) pemberian
parasetamol
PERLAKUAN 2
PERLAKUAN 2
KONTROL
PERLAKUAN 1
LAMPIRAN 4. DOKUMENTASI
Std.
Error
Sig.
95% Confidence
Interval
49
50
51
LAMPIRAN 5. DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP
Identitas
Nama
: Indra Kusuma
NIM
: G2A009128
Tempat, Tanggal lahir
: Rembang, 27 November 1991
Jenis Kelamin
: Laki-laki
Alamat
: Ds. Soditan RT : 03/ II Lasem Kab. Rembang
Nomor Telepon
: (0295) 531306
Nomor HP
: 08811080222
: dr.iin.kusuma@gmail.com
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
1. SD
: MI-ANNASHRIYAH
Lulus tahun
: 2003
2. SMP
: SMP N 1 LASEM
Lulus tahun
: 2006
3. SMA
: SMA N 2 REMBANG
Lulus tahun
: 2009
4. FK UNDIP : Masuk tahun : 2009
Keanggotaan Organisasi
1. Ketua Jaringan Mahasiswa Kesehatan Indonesia
Tahun 2011 s/d 2012
2. Wakil Ketua Medical Creative Arts
Tahun 2010 s/d 2012
3. Staff Bidang Ekonomi Usaha dan Investasi
Tahun 2010 s/d 2011