Impacts of Social Rejection on the Leading Character in Leroux’s The Phantom of the Opera
IMPACTS OF SOCIAL REJECTION ON THE LEADING CHARACTER IN
LEROUX’S THE PHANTOM OF THE OPERA
A THESIS
BY
FARAH DIPA MITRA TAMI
REG.NO
: 120705019
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
IMPACTS OF SOCIAL REJECTION ON THE LEADING CHARACTER IN
LEROUX’S THE PHANTOM OF THE OPERA
A THESIS
BY
FARAH DIPA MITRA TAMI
REG. NO. 120705019
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, FARAH DIPA MITRA TAMI, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE
AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN
THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL
PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART
FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR A WARDED
ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED
WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD
OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date
: May17th, 2017
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: FARAH DIPA MITRA TAMI
TITLE OF THESIS:
IMPACTS OF SOCIAL REJECTION ON
THE
LEADING
LEROUX’S
THE
CHARACTER
PHANTOM
OF
IN
THE
OPERA
QUALIFICATION
:
S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed
:
Date
: May17th, 2017
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Thesis entitled “Impacts of Social Rejection on the leading character in
Leroux’s The Phantom of the Opera” discusses about the cause and social impact of
the leading character that has teribble scar since he was born. This novel was written
by Gaston Leroux, a French author and this novel was written in 1907. The theory
that supports this thesis is sociology of literature by Sapardi Djoko Damono. This
thesis used qualitative descriptive method by Sandelowski. Writer read the novel,
collected the data, analyzed the data and concluded the data. The aims of this study
are (1) to explain the cause of social rejection on the leading character in novel The
Phantom of The Opera and (2) to explain the impacts of social rejection which
occurs on the leading character in novel The Phantom of The Opera. The finding
were the cause why the leading character was rejected by the society and the impact
of social rejection on the leading character.
Key words:
social rejection, leading character,sociologyof literature,
obsessive,avoidant disorder
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul “Impacts of Social Rejection on the Leading Character in
Leroux’s The Phantom of the Opera” membahas tentang penyebab dan dampak
social dari karakter utama yang memiliki luka yang menjijikkan sejak lahir. Novel ini
ditulis oleh sastrawan Perancis yaitu Gaston Leroux dan ditulis pada tahun
1907.Adapun teori yang mendukung skripsi ini adalah teori Sosiologi Sastra oleh
Sapardi Djoko Damono.Skripsi ini menerapkan metode deskriftif kualitatif dari
Sandelowski. Penulis membaca novel, mengumpulkan data, menganalisis data, dan
menarik kesimpulan. Tujuan dari kajian ini meliputi (1) Untuk menjelaskan
penyebab penolakan sosialpada karakter utama dalam novel The Phantom of the
Opera dan (2) Untuk menjelaskan dampak dari penolakan sosial pada karakter utama
dalam novel The Phantom of the Opera. Hasil yang didapat adalah penyebab
mengapa karakter utama ditolak masyarakat dan dampak penolakan sosial pada
karakter utama.
Kata Kunci: penolakan sosial, karakter utama, sosiologi sastra, obsesif, avoidant
disorder
iv
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,
First of all, I would like to thank Allah SWT, for His compassion and
blessing given to me to finish this thesis. Salawat and salam to the Prophet
Muhammad SAW, along with his family and his companions.
My very special gratitude is for my beloved parents who teaches me how to
treat the people surrounding me, and always takes care of me and reminds me to pray
to Allah SWT in every single day.Who always support me everytime. I always love
you and all of you are always in my deepest hearth.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Siti Norma Nasution,
M.Hum as my supervisor for his kindness, knowledge, patience and motivation for
me to write and finish this thesis. Also, I would like to thank to Dra. Diah Rahayu
Pratama, M.pd, as my co-supervisor for his kindness and knowledge to help me in
writing this thesis.
My gratitude also goes to the Head and the Secretary of English Department,
Dr. Deliana, M.Hum. and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D., and all of the
lecturers and the staffs of English Department for the facilities and opportunities
given to me during my study in this faculty.
I also want to say special thank to my friends M. Ridho Azhari, S.S, Jay Sita,
S.S and Isti Purwanto,S.S for your kindness and helping me to write this thesis at the
beginning until present. A best thank tothe BIN group Kaltha Septian, Heleri
Sinabutar, Siti Alifa, Khairiah, Tondi Namora, and Wella Juita, you are awesome
guys! Thanks for always be there for me in my up and down, for always cheering me
v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
in my sorrow, for always listening to my complaints, for always help me during my
academic year. I am very blessed to have you as my friends.Thank you for your
endless support. Also for all my friends in English Literature University of Sumatera
Utara, especially Class A 2012 that cannot I mention one by one who share the
priceless experiences to me.
I am really grateful to have everyone supporting me in the process of writing
this thesis. Thank you so much for being my power.
Finally, may this thesis be advantegous for the readers, may the grace and
love of the Almighty Allah SWT be with us all forever. Amin.
Medan, May17th2017
Farah Dipa Mitra tami
Reg. No. 120705019
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENT
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ................................................................... v
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION............................................................... vi
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................. vii
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................. viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .......................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................... xi
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................... xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ....................................................... 1
1.2 Problem of the Study ............................................................. 4
1.3 Objective of the Study ........................................................... 4
1.4 Scope of the Study ................................................................ 5
1.5 Significance of the Study .......................................................5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Brief Description about Novel ............................................... 6
2.2 Character ................................................................................ 7
2.2.1 Leading Character ............................................................... 8
2.2.2 Protagonist & Antagonist Characters .................................. 9
2.3 Sociology of Literature ......................................................... 9
2.4 Human as Social Creature .................................................... 12
2.5 A Brief Description about Social Problem........................... 13
2.5.1 The Cause of Social Rejection .......................................... 13
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2.5.2 Social Rejection…………………………………….. 14
2.6 The Impacts of Social Rejection ......................................... 15
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design .................................................................. 18
3.2 Data & Data Source ............................................................. 18
3.3 Data Collection .................................................................... 19
3.4 Data Analysis ....................................................................... 19
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 The Causes of Social Rejection on Leading Character ........ 21
4.2 Impacts of Social Rejection on Leading Character ............. 24
4.2.1 Erik Becomes a Loner ....................................................... 25
4.2.2 Erik Becomes Obsessive ................................................... 29
4.2.3 Erik Suffers from “Avoidant Disorder” ............................ 44
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion .......................................................................... 48
5.2 Suggestion ........................................................................... 49
REFERENCE............................................................................................. 51
APPENDICES
i.
Gaston Leroux Auto Biography and Works
ii.
Summary of The Novel The Phantom of The Opera
viii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LEROUX’S THE PHANTOM OF THE OPERA
A THESIS
BY
FARAH DIPA MITRA TAMI
REG.NO
: 120705019
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
IMPACTS OF SOCIAL REJECTION ON THE LEADING CHARACTER IN
LEROUX’S THE PHANTOM OF THE OPERA
A THESIS
BY
FARAH DIPA MITRA TAMI
REG. NO. 120705019
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, FARAH DIPA MITRA TAMI, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE
AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN
THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL
PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART
FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR A WARDED
ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED
WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD
OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date
: May17th, 2017
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: FARAH DIPA MITRA TAMI
TITLE OF THESIS:
IMPACTS OF SOCIAL REJECTION ON
THE
LEADING
LEROUX’S
THE
CHARACTER
PHANTOM
OF
IN
THE
OPERA
QUALIFICATION
:
S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed
:
Date
: May17th, 2017
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Thesis entitled “Impacts of Social Rejection on the leading character in
Leroux’s The Phantom of the Opera” discusses about the cause and social impact of
the leading character that has teribble scar since he was born. This novel was written
by Gaston Leroux, a French author and this novel was written in 1907. The theory
that supports this thesis is sociology of literature by Sapardi Djoko Damono. This
thesis used qualitative descriptive method by Sandelowski. Writer read the novel,
collected the data, analyzed the data and concluded the data. The aims of this study
are (1) to explain the cause of social rejection on the leading character in novel The
Phantom of The Opera and (2) to explain the impacts of social rejection which
occurs on the leading character in novel The Phantom of The Opera. The finding
were the cause why the leading character was rejected by the society and the impact
of social rejection on the leading character.
Key words:
social rejection, leading character,sociologyof literature,
obsessive,avoidant disorder
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul “Impacts of Social Rejection on the Leading Character in
Leroux’s The Phantom of the Opera” membahas tentang penyebab dan dampak
social dari karakter utama yang memiliki luka yang menjijikkan sejak lahir. Novel ini
ditulis oleh sastrawan Perancis yaitu Gaston Leroux dan ditulis pada tahun
1907.Adapun teori yang mendukung skripsi ini adalah teori Sosiologi Sastra oleh
Sapardi Djoko Damono.Skripsi ini menerapkan metode deskriftif kualitatif dari
Sandelowski. Penulis membaca novel, mengumpulkan data, menganalisis data, dan
menarik kesimpulan. Tujuan dari kajian ini meliputi (1) Untuk menjelaskan
penyebab penolakan sosialpada karakter utama dalam novel The Phantom of the
Opera dan (2) Untuk menjelaskan dampak dari penolakan sosial pada karakter utama
dalam novel The Phantom of the Opera. Hasil yang didapat adalah penyebab
mengapa karakter utama ditolak masyarakat dan dampak penolakan sosial pada
karakter utama.
Kata Kunci: penolakan sosial, karakter utama, sosiologi sastra, obsesif, avoidant
disorder
iv
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,
First of all, I would like to thank Allah SWT, for His compassion and
blessing given to me to finish this thesis. Salawat and salam to the Prophet
Muhammad SAW, along with his family and his companions.
My very special gratitude is for my beloved parents who teaches me how to
treat the people surrounding me, and always takes care of me and reminds me to pray
to Allah SWT in every single day.Who always support me everytime. I always love
you and all of you are always in my deepest hearth.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Siti Norma Nasution,
M.Hum as my supervisor for his kindness, knowledge, patience and motivation for
me to write and finish this thesis. Also, I would like to thank to Dra. Diah Rahayu
Pratama, M.pd, as my co-supervisor for his kindness and knowledge to help me in
writing this thesis.
My gratitude also goes to the Head and the Secretary of English Department,
Dr. Deliana, M.Hum. and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D., and all of the
lecturers and the staffs of English Department for the facilities and opportunities
given to me during my study in this faculty.
I also want to say special thank to my friends M. Ridho Azhari, S.S, Jay Sita,
S.S and Isti Purwanto,S.S for your kindness and helping me to write this thesis at the
beginning until present. A best thank tothe BIN group Kaltha Septian, Heleri
Sinabutar, Siti Alifa, Khairiah, Tondi Namora, and Wella Juita, you are awesome
guys! Thanks for always be there for me in my up and down, for always cheering me
v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
in my sorrow, for always listening to my complaints, for always help me during my
academic year. I am very blessed to have you as my friends.Thank you for your
endless support. Also for all my friends in English Literature University of Sumatera
Utara, especially Class A 2012 that cannot I mention one by one who share the
priceless experiences to me.
I am really grateful to have everyone supporting me in the process of writing
this thesis. Thank you so much for being my power.
Finally, may this thesis be advantegous for the readers, may the grace and
love of the Almighty Allah SWT be with us all forever. Amin.
Medan, May17th2017
Farah Dipa Mitra tami
Reg. No. 120705019
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENT
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ................................................................... v
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION............................................................... vi
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................. vii
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................. viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .......................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................... xi
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................... xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ....................................................... 1
1.2 Problem of the Study ............................................................. 4
1.3 Objective of the Study ........................................................... 4
1.4 Scope of the Study ................................................................ 5
1.5 Significance of the Study .......................................................5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Brief Description about Novel ............................................... 6
2.2 Character ................................................................................ 7
2.2.1 Leading Character ............................................................... 8
2.2.2 Protagonist & Antagonist Characters .................................. 9
2.3 Sociology of Literature ......................................................... 9
2.4 Human as Social Creature .................................................... 12
2.5 A Brief Description about Social Problem........................... 13
2.5.1 The Cause of Social Rejection .......................................... 13
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2.5.2 Social Rejection…………………………………….. 14
2.6 The Impacts of Social Rejection ......................................... 15
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design .................................................................. 18
3.2 Data & Data Source ............................................................. 18
3.3 Data Collection .................................................................... 19
3.4 Data Analysis ....................................................................... 19
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 The Causes of Social Rejection on Leading Character ........ 21
4.2 Impacts of Social Rejection on Leading Character ............. 24
4.2.1 Erik Becomes a Loner ....................................................... 25
4.2.2 Erik Becomes Obsessive ................................................... 29
4.2.3 Erik Suffers from “Avoidant Disorder” ............................ 44
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion .......................................................................... 48
5.2 Suggestion ........................................................................... 49
REFERENCE............................................................................................. 51
APPENDICES
i.
Gaston Leroux Auto Biography and Works
ii.
Summary of The Novel The Phantom of The Opera
viii
Universitas Sumatera Utara