03 Yoshida Satoumi WS YOSHIDA
MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE
USE OF INTERNATIONAL SEMI
ENCLOSED SEA, JAPAN SEA
Takafumi YOSHIDA and Jing ZHANG (Northwest Pacific Region Environmental Cooperation Center)
Akihiko MORIMOTO and Ryota SHIBANO (Ehime University)
Naoki HIROSE and Katsumi TAKAYAMA (Kyushu University)
Xinyu GUO, Naoki YOSHIE, Yucheng WANG and Taishi KUBOTA (Ehime University)
The 4th International Workshop on Sato Umi
October 5-6, 2017, Jakarta Indonesia
Characteristics of Japan Sea
Rise of sea surface
temperature
Mid-long term
change
RUSSIA Japan Sea
Winter
cooling
Japan Meteorological Agency
CHINA
Increase of nutrient input from China
KOREA
Tsushima Current
JAPAN
High nutrient input
Kuroshio Current
Taiwan Warm Current
2
Strokal et.al 2014
How to manage the coastal area
of Japan Sea?
• First step
To understand impacts of the East China Sea and
climate change on Japan Sea, and its mechanisms
• Second step
To consider the most appropriate adaptation
• Final step
To propose management measures for sustainable use
of coastal area of Japan Sea
3
Research Method: Ecosystem Numerical Models
Low trophic
Studied by
Ehime University
Studied by
Kyushu University
High trophic
Studied by
Ehime University
Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus)
Sakurai, 2014
Snow crab(Chionoecetes opilio)
Characteristic
Detailed classification of phytozooplankton
Characteristic
Simplification of phyto-zooplankton
data assimilation by DO
Objective
Understanding response to
change of nutrient condition
Objective
Forecasting long-term trend
Konishi et
al., 2011
Characteristic
Transportation of eggs and larvae and
their survival under environmental and
feed condition
Linking to low trophic level through
zooplankton
Objective
4
Effective/efficient setting of MPAs
First step:
Understanding impacts from the East China Sea
Origin of sea water
Autumn
Spring
Winter
Kuroshio
ECS
Taiwan C.
Rivers
Ratio of three different sources of waters in the surface of Japan Sea
Summer
Autumn
Winter
Japan Sea
Summer
Japan Sea
Spring
Origin of nutrient
Utilization ratio of three different sources of nutrient (N)
5
First step:
Understanding environmental changes
in the past, present and the future
Scenario of climate change:
RCP8.5, RCP2.6
Scenario of nutrient input:
+2%, Stable
South-North water transfer
project
2.4℃/100 years
50 years ago
Current
50 years later
100 years later
SST
DIN
Chlorophyll-a
6
First step:
Understanding mechanisms of response
of low and high trophic marine species
40
80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440
×10４
Correlation coefficient: 0.77
Which factor controls the transport and survival of larvae?
×10７
Second step: Appropriate Adaptation
International Joint Monitoring
How to monitor impacts from the East China Sea and future
environmental changes?
Future environment
Regular monitoring
by each country
Wide area monitoring
Early detection
Wide area control
8
Second step: Appropriate Adaptation
Dynamic MPA for sustainable use of fishery resources
Dynamic MPA for Japanese Common Squid
Dynamic MPA for Snow Crab
Total number of eggs transported into Japan Sea
Ratio of protected eggs/larvae by dynamic MPA
30-40%
Total number of eggs from dynamic MPA
Ratio of protected eggs/larvae by fixed MPA
9
Second step: Appropriate Adaptation
Land-Sea Integrated Management in local area
Coastal area of Japan Sea is strongly influenced by impacts from the East China Sea
How to manage the coastal area?
Toyama Bay:
Human control
Rich groundwater
on land
Submarine groundwater discharge
DREA
MS_T
10
Second step: Appropriate Adaptation
Land-Sea Integrated Management in local area
Management of groundwater on land
Snowfall
Use of groundwater
Increasing
Total snowfall
Decreasing
1977
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Countermeasures: Usage restriction, groundwater recharge
What future action is necessary for healthy Toyama Bay?
11
Final step: Management measures
Three-layers management for sustainable use
of coastal area in Japan Sea
• First layer (Wide area management)
International joint monitoring
Japan Sea
Nutrient control in wide area
East China Sea
• Second layer (Management in Japan Sea)
Dynamic MPA
Tsushima Current
• Third layer (Local management)
Land-Sea Integrated management
12
Thank you for your attention
13
USE OF INTERNATIONAL SEMI
ENCLOSED SEA, JAPAN SEA
Takafumi YOSHIDA and Jing ZHANG (Northwest Pacific Region Environmental Cooperation Center)
Akihiko MORIMOTO and Ryota SHIBANO (Ehime University)
Naoki HIROSE and Katsumi TAKAYAMA (Kyushu University)
Xinyu GUO, Naoki YOSHIE, Yucheng WANG and Taishi KUBOTA (Ehime University)
The 4th International Workshop on Sato Umi
October 5-6, 2017, Jakarta Indonesia
Characteristics of Japan Sea
Rise of sea surface
temperature
Mid-long term
change
RUSSIA Japan Sea
Winter
cooling
Japan Meteorological Agency
CHINA
Increase of nutrient input from China
KOREA
Tsushima Current
JAPAN
High nutrient input
Kuroshio Current
Taiwan Warm Current
2
Strokal et.al 2014
How to manage the coastal area
of Japan Sea?
• First step
To understand impacts of the East China Sea and
climate change on Japan Sea, and its mechanisms
• Second step
To consider the most appropriate adaptation
• Final step
To propose management measures for sustainable use
of coastal area of Japan Sea
3
Research Method: Ecosystem Numerical Models
Low trophic
Studied by
Ehime University
Studied by
Kyushu University
High trophic
Studied by
Ehime University
Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus)
Sakurai, 2014
Snow crab(Chionoecetes opilio)
Characteristic
Detailed classification of phytozooplankton
Characteristic
Simplification of phyto-zooplankton
data assimilation by DO
Objective
Understanding response to
change of nutrient condition
Objective
Forecasting long-term trend
Konishi et
al., 2011
Characteristic
Transportation of eggs and larvae and
their survival under environmental and
feed condition
Linking to low trophic level through
zooplankton
Objective
4
Effective/efficient setting of MPAs
First step:
Understanding impacts from the East China Sea
Origin of sea water
Autumn
Spring
Winter
Kuroshio
ECS
Taiwan C.
Rivers
Ratio of three different sources of waters in the surface of Japan Sea
Summer
Autumn
Winter
Japan Sea
Summer
Japan Sea
Spring
Origin of nutrient
Utilization ratio of three different sources of nutrient (N)
5
First step:
Understanding environmental changes
in the past, present and the future
Scenario of climate change:
RCP8.5, RCP2.6
Scenario of nutrient input:
+2%, Stable
South-North water transfer
project
2.4℃/100 years
50 years ago
Current
50 years later
100 years later
SST
DIN
Chlorophyll-a
6
First step:
Understanding mechanisms of response
of low and high trophic marine species
40
80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440
×10４
Correlation coefficient: 0.77
Which factor controls the transport and survival of larvae?
×10７
Second step: Appropriate Adaptation
International Joint Monitoring
How to monitor impacts from the East China Sea and future
environmental changes?
Future environment
Regular monitoring
by each country
Wide area monitoring
Early detection
Wide area control
8
Second step: Appropriate Adaptation
Dynamic MPA for sustainable use of fishery resources
Dynamic MPA for Japanese Common Squid
Dynamic MPA for Snow Crab
Total number of eggs transported into Japan Sea
Ratio of protected eggs/larvae by dynamic MPA
30-40%
Total number of eggs from dynamic MPA
Ratio of protected eggs/larvae by fixed MPA
9
Second step: Appropriate Adaptation
Land-Sea Integrated Management in local area
Coastal area of Japan Sea is strongly influenced by impacts from the East China Sea
How to manage the coastal area?
Toyama Bay:
Human control
Rich groundwater
on land
Submarine groundwater discharge
DREA
MS_T
10
Second step: Appropriate Adaptation
Land-Sea Integrated Management in local area
Management of groundwater on land
Snowfall
Use of groundwater
Increasing
Total snowfall
Decreasing
1977
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Countermeasures: Usage restriction, groundwater recharge
What future action is necessary for healthy Toyama Bay?
11
Final step: Management measures
Three-layers management for sustainable use
of coastal area in Japan Sea
• First layer (Wide area management)
International joint monitoring
Japan Sea
Nutrient control in wide area
East China Sea
• Second layer (Management in Japan Sea)
Dynamic MPA
Tsushima Current
• Third layer (Local management)
Land-Sea Integrated management
12
Thank you for your attention
13