Directory UMM :Data Elmu:jurnal:A:Animal Feed Science and Technology:Vol83.Issue1.Jan2000:
Animal Feed Science and Technology
83 (2000) 17±30
The energy value of Lupinus angustifolius
and Lupinus albus for growing pigs
R.H. Kinga,*, F.R. Dunsheaa, L. Morrisha, P.J. Easona,
R.J. van Barneveldb, B.P. Mullanc, R.G. Campbelld
a
Victorian Institute of Animal Science, Private Bag 7, Sneydes Rd., Werribee, Vic. 3030, Australia
b
SARDI-Pig and Poultry Production Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
c
Animal Research and Development Services, Agriculture WA, Locked Bag 4,
Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983, Australia
d
Bunge Meat Industries, PO Box 76, Corowa, NSW 2646, Australia
Received 24 November 1998; received in revised form 24 March 1999; accepted 24 September 1999
Abstract
Ninety male crossbred pigs were allocated at 30 kg live weight to a 6 5 factorial experiment
involving six diets and five levels of feeding where average daily intakes were 1.11, 1.36, 1.67,
1.90 kg and ad libitum between 30 and 60 kg live weight. The control diet contained predominantly
animal protein sources, another four diets contained 350 g/kg of either kernels or seeds of either
L. angustifolius cv. Gungurru or L. albus cv. Kiev while the remaining diet contained 350 g/kg of
peas. All diets were formulated to contain 15.3 MJ DE/kg and 0.7 g available lysine/MJ DE to
ensure that dietary protein was adequate. Six estimates of the digestibility of each protein source
were determined by the total faecal collection method. The digestible energy contents (SE) of
L. angustifolius seed and kernel, L. albus seed and kernel and peas were 15.81 (0.18), 16.85 (0.76),
16.84 (0.34), 17.70 (0.47) and 14.98 (0.15) MJ/kg air dry, respectively. All pigs were killed at 60 kg
live weight and the dressing percentage of pigs given L. angustifolius and L. albus diets were 2.6
and 4.7 units lower than the mean dressing percentage of pigs given the other diets. The major
factors contributing to this reduction in dressing percentage when lupins were offered to pigs were
gut fill and differences in intestinal weight. The relative energy value of the protein sources was
assessed by comparing the relationship between the rates of energy deposition in the empty body
and DE intake for the diets.
The response of energy deposition to energy intake was similar for kernel and seed for both
L. angustifolius and L. albus and thus data for kernel and seed were consolidated for both types of
lupins. The respective linear relationships between energy deposited in the empty body (E, MJ/day)
*
Corresponding author. Tel.: 61-3-9742-0441; fax: 61-3-9742-0400.
E-mail address: [email protected] (R.H. King).
0377-8401/00/$ ± see front matter # 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
PII: S 0 3 7 7 - 8 4 0 1 ( 9 9 ) 0 0 1 1 5 - 7
18
R.H. King et al. / Animal Feed Science and Technology 83 (2000) 17±30
and DE intake (DE, MJ/day) for the diets, with appropriate SE of the coefficients in parenthesis,
were:
Animal protein diet: E 0.630 (0.043) DE ÿ 4.95 (0.99) R2 0.947 p < 0.001
L. angustifolius diet: E 0.485 (0.035) DE ÿ 4.88 (0.86) R2 0.872 p < 0.001
L. albus diet E 0.403 (0.033) DE ÿ 4.35 (0.78) R2 0.862 p < 0.001
Pea diet: E 0.582 (0.083) DE ÿ 5.01 (1.96) R2 0.816 p < 0.001.
The net energy content of the protein sources were calculated to be 5.6, 6.5, 3.0, 4.6 and 8.3 MJ/
kg for L. angustifolius seed, L. angustifolius kernel, L. albus seed, L. albus kernel and peas,
respectively. # 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Pigs; Energy; Lupins
1. Introduction
Lupins are a valuable source of protein for pigs and Lupinus angustifolius has been
used extensively in diets for growing pigs. Cultivars of Lupinus albus contain more
protein, fat and energy than L. angustifolius cultivars and thus offer more potential as an
ingredient for pig diets. The levels of anti-nutritional factors are similar for both species
but are relatively low and are unlikely to constrain the use of these lupin species for
animal feeding. For example, the levels of alkaloids, total tannins, oligosaccharides and
trypsin inhibitor in the seeds of L. angustifolius cv. Gungurru and L. albus cv. Kiev are 0.2
and
83 (2000) 17±30
The energy value of Lupinus angustifolius
and Lupinus albus for growing pigs
R.H. Kinga,*, F.R. Dunsheaa, L. Morrisha, P.J. Easona,
R.J. van Barneveldb, B.P. Mullanc, R.G. Campbelld
a
Victorian Institute of Animal Science, Private Bag 7, Sneydes Rd., Werribee, Vic. 3030, Australia
b
SARDI-Pig and Poultry Production Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
c
Animal Research and Development Services, Agriculture WA, Locked Bag 4,
Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983, Australia
d
Bunge Meat Industries, PO Box 76, Corowa, NSW 2646, Australia
Received 24 November 1998; received in revised form 24 March 1999; accepted 24 September 1999
Abstract
Ninety male crossbred pigs were allocated at 30 kg live weight to a 6 5 factorial experiment
involving six diets and five levels of feeding where average daily intakes were 1.11, 1.36, 1.67,
1.90 kg and ad libitum between 30 and 60 kg live weight. The control diet contained predominantly
animal protein sources, another four diets contained 350 g/kg of either kernels or seeds of either
L. angustifolius cv. Gungurru or L. albus cv. Kiev while the remaining diet contained 350 g/kg of
peas. All diets were formulated to contain 15.3 MJ DE/kg and 0.7 g available lysine/MJ DE to
ensure that dietary protein was adequate. Six estimates of the digestibility of each protein source
were determined by the total faecal collection method. The digestible energy contents (SE) of
L. angustifolius seed and kernel, L. albus seed and kernel and peas were 15.81 (0.18), 16.85 (0.76),
16.84 (0.34), 17.70 (0.47) and 14.98 (0.15) MJ/kg air dry, respectively. All pigs were killed at 60 kg
live weight and the dressing percentage of pigs given L. angustifolius and L. albus diets were 2.6
and 4.7 units lower than the mean dressing percentage of pigs given the other diets. The major
factors contributing to this reduction in dressing percentage when lupins were offered to pigs were
gut fill and differences in intestinal weight. The relative energy value of the protein sources was
assessed by comparing the relationship between the rates of energy deposition in the empty body
and DE intake for the diets.
The response of energy deposition to energy intake was similar for kernel and seed for both
L. angustifolius and L. albus and thus data for kernel and seed were consolidated for both types of
lupins. The respective linear relationships between energy deposited in the empty body (E, MJ/day)
*
Corresponding author. Tel.: 61-3-9742-0441; fax: 61-3-9742-0400.
E-mail address: [email protected] (R.H. King).
0377-8401/00/$ ± see front matter # 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
PII: S 0 3 7 7 - 8 4 0 1 ( 9 9 ) 0 0 1 1 5 - 7
18
R.H. King et al. / Animal Feed Science and Technology 83 (2000) 17±30
and DE intake (DE, MJ/day) for the diets, with appropriate SE of the coefficients in parenthesis,
were:
Animal protein diet: E 0.630 (0.043) DE ÿ 4.95 (0.99) R2 0.947 p < 0.001
L. angustifolius diet: E 0.485 (0.035) DE ÿ 4.88 (0.86) R2 0.872 p < 0.001
L. albus diet E 0.403 (0.033) DE ÿ 4.35 (0.78) R2 0.862 p < 0.001
Pea diet: E 0.582 (0.083) DE ÿ 5.01 (1.96) R2 0.816 p < 0.001.
The net energy content of the protein sources were calculated to be 5.6, 6.5, 3.0, 4.6 and 8.3 MJ/
kg for L. angustifolius seed, L. angustifolius kernel, L. albus seed, L. albus kernel and peas,
respectively. # 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Pigs; Energy; Lupins
1. Introduction
Lupins are a valuable source of protein for pigs and Lupinus angustifolius has been
used extensively in diets for growing pigs. Cultivars of Lupinus albus contain more
protein, fat and energy than L. angustifolius cultivars and thus offer more potential as an
ingredient for pig diets. The levels of anti-nutritional factors are similar for both species
but are relatively low and are unlikely to constrain the use of these lupin species for
animal feeding. For example, the levels of alkaloids, total tannins, oligosaccharides and
trypsin inhibitor in the seeds of L. angustifolius cv. Gungurru and L. albus cv. Kiev are 0.2
and