s pgsd penjas 1105257 table of content
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ ii
MOTO HIDUP .................................................................................................... iii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ................................................................................ iv
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... v
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ vi
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH .............................................................................. vii
DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR DIAGRAM ....................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... xv
BAB I : PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah. ............................................................................. 1
B. Rumusan Masalah dan Pemecahan Masalah. ............................................. 2
1. Rumusan Masalah. ..............................................................................12
2. Pemecahan Masalah. ...........................................................................12
C. Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................................13
D. Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................................13
E. Batasan Istilah ...........................................................................................14
BAB II : KAJIAN PUSTAKA . ...........................................................................15
A. Kajian Teoritis. ...........................................................................................15
1. Hakikat Pendidikan Jasmani. .....................................................................15
a. Pengertian Pendidikan Jasmani ....................................................... 16
b. Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani di Sekolah Dasar ...................... 18
c. Tujuan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani di Sekolah Dasar. ..........19
d. Manfaat Pendidikan Jasmani. ...........................................................20
e. Ruang Lingkup Pendidikan Jasmani.................................................21
2. Permainan Sepakola ...................................................................................22
a. Pengertian Permainan Sepakbola .................................................... 22
b. Gerak Dasar Shooting .......................................................................23
1) Menendang (Shooting) dengan Kaki Bagian Dalam .................24
2) Menendang (Shooting) dengan Kaki Bagian Luar ....................25
3) Menendang (Shooting) dengan Punggung Kaki ........................26
3. Modifikasi Sasaran Gawang ..................................................................... 27
a. Pengertian Modifikasi ..................................................................... 27
b. Pembelajaran Gerak Dasar Shooting Melalui Modifikasi Sasaran
Gawang ........................................................................................... 28
4. Model Kooperatif ..................................................................................... 30
a. Pengertian Koopertaif ..................................................................... 30
b. Model Kooperatif Tipe Team Game Tournament (TGT) ............... 31
1) Pengertian Team Game Tournament (TGT) ............................ 31
2) Pelaksanaan Team Game Tournament (TGT) pada Pembelajaran
Gerak Dasar Shooting ................................................................32
B. Kajian Praktis .............................................................................................34
1. Maman Suarman (2011) ......................................................................34
2. Haryanto (2011) ..................................................................................35
3. Makruji (2013) ....................................................................................36
C. Hipotesis Tindakan ................................................................................... 37
BAB III : METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................. 38
A. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian .....................................................................38
1. Lokasi Penelitian .................................................................................38
2. Subjek Penelitian .................................................................................39
3. Waktu Penelitian .................................................................................41
B. Metode dan Desain Penelitian .................................................................. 41
1. Metode Penelitian ...............................................................................41
2. Desain Penelitian ............................................................................... 43
C. Instrumen Penelitian ................................................................................. 46
1. IPKG 1 ............................................................................................ 46
2. IPKG 2 ............................................................................................ 47
3. Lembar Aktivitas Siswa ....................................................................48
4. Lembar Hasil Tes ..............................................................................49
D. Teknik Pengumpulan Data .........................................................................50
1. Observasi ..........................................................................................50
2. Tes Praktek .......................................................................................51
E. Proedur Penelitian ......................................................................................51
1. Tahap Prencanaan Tindakan .............................................................51
2. Pelaksanaan Tindakan.......................................................................52
3. Observasi ..........................................................................................52
4. Refleksi .............................................................................................53
F. Teknik Pengolahan Data .......................................................................... 53
G. Analisis Data ............................................................................................ 54
1. Data Reduction (Reduksi Data)......................................................54
2. Data Display (Penyajian Data) ..................................................... 54
3. Conclusion Drawing/Verification (Kesimpulan) ......................... 55
H. Validasi Data ........................................................................................... 55
1. Triangulasi .................................................................................... 55
2. Member Check .............................................................................. 56
3. Audit Trail .................................................................................... 57
4. Expert Opinion ............................................................................. 57
BAB IV : PAPARAN DATA PEMBAHASAN ..................................................59
A. Paparan Data Awal ..................................................................................59
1. Data Awal Hasil Observasi Perencanaan Pembelajaran ................60
2. Data Awal Hasil Observasi Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran.................61
3. Data Awal Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa ..................................63
4. Data Awal Hasil Belajar Siswa ......................................................64
5. Analisis Data Awal ........................................................................66
B. Paparan Data Tindakan ............................................................................66
1. Paparan Data Tindakan Siklus I ................................................... 67
a. Paparan Data Tindakan Perencanaan Pembelajaran Siklus I ..67
b. Paparan Data Tindakan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus I
................................................................................................ 68
c. Paparan Data Tindakan Hasil Observasi Siklus I .................. 69
1) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Perencanaan Pembelajaran
Siklus I ............................................................................ 69
2) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru Siklus I ..... 70
3) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus I . 72
4) Paparan Data Hasil Belajar Siklus I .................................74
d. Analisis dan Refleksi Siklus I ................................................ 76
1) Analisis dan Refleksi Perencanaan Pembelajaran Siklus
I........................................................................................ 76
2) Analisis dan Refleksi Kinerja Guru Siklus I .................. 78
3) Analisis dan Refleksi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus I ................78
4) Analisis dan Refleksi Hasil Belajar Siklus I ....................79
2. Paparan Data Tindakan Siklus II .................................................81
a. Paparan Data Tindakan Perencanaan Pembelajaran Siklus II
.............................................................................................. 81
b. Paparan Data Tindakan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus II
.............................................................................................. 83
c. Paparan Data Tindakan Hasil Observasi Siklus II .............. 83
1) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Perencanaan Pembelajaran
Siklus II .......................................................................... 84
2) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru Siklus II ... 85
3) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus II
......................................................................................... 87
4) Paparan Data Observasi Hasil Belajar Silklus II ...... ..... 89
d. Analisis dan Refleksi Siklus II ............................................ 91
1) Analisis dan Refleksi Perencanaan Pembelajaran Siklus II
......................................................................................... 91
2) Analisis dan Refleksi Kinerja Guru Siklus II ................. 92
3) Analisis dan Refleksi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus II ............. 93
4) Analisis dan Refleksi Hasil Belajar Siklus II ................. 94
3. Paparan Data Tindakan Siklus III .............................................. 96
a. Paparan Data Tindakan Perencanaan Pembelajaran Siklus III
.............................................................................................. 96
b. Paparan Data Tindakan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus III
.............................................................................................. 96
c. Paparan Data Tindakan Hasil Observasi Siklus III ............. 98
1) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Perencanaan Pembelajaran
Siklus III ......................................................................... 98
2) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru Siklus III
....................................................................................... 100
3) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus III
....................................................................................... 101
4) Paparan Data Observasi Hasil Belajar Siklus III ......... 103
d. Analisis dan Refleksi Siklus III ........................................ 105
1) Analisis dan Refleksi Perencanaan Pembelajaran Siklus III
....................................................................................... 105
2) Analisis dan Refleksi Kinerja Guru Siklus III .............. 106
3) Analisis dan Refleksi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus III .......... 107
4) Analisis dan Refleksi Hasil Belajar Siklus III .............. 107
C. Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ................................................................. 109
1. Peningkatan Perencanaan Kinerja Guru .................................. 109
2. Peningkatan Kinerja Guru ....................................................... 109
3. Peningkatan Aktivitas Siswa ................................................... 110
4. Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa ............................................. 113
BAB V : KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN........................................................ 116
A. Kesimpulan ............................................................................................ 116
1. Perencanaan Kinerja Guru ....................................................... 116
2. Pelaksanaan Kinerja Guru ........................................................ 117
3. Aktivitas Siswa ......................................................................... 118
4. Hasil Belajar Siswa .................................................................. 118
B. Saran ...................................................................................................... 118
1. Bagi Guru ................................................................................ 119
2. Bagi Siswa ............................................................................... 119
3. Bagi Sekolah ............................................................................ 119
4. Bagi UPI Kampus Sumedang .................................................. 120
5. Bagi Peneliti Lain ..................................................................... 120
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 121
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................... 123
Lampiran Riwayat Hidup ............................................................................... 174
X
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 ................................................................................................................. 5
Tabel 1.2 ................................................................................................................. 6
Tabel 1.3 ................................................................................................................. 7
Tabel 1.4 ................................................................................................................. 8
Tabel 3.1 ............................................................................................................... 40
Tabel 3.2 ............................................................................................................... 40
Tabel 3.3 ............................................................................................................... 41
Tabel 3.4 ............................................................................................................... 46
Tabel 3.5 ............................................................................................................... 47
Tabel 3.6 ............................................................................................................... 48
Tabel 3.7 ............................................................................................................... 50
Tabel 4.1 ............................................................................................................... 60
Tabel 4.2 ............................................................................................................... 61
Tabel 4.3 ............................................................................................................... 63
Tabel 4.4 ............................................................................................................... 65
Tabel 4.5 ............................................................................................................... 66
Tabel 4.6 ............................................................................................................... 69
Tabel 4.7 ............................................................................................................... 71
Tabel 4.8 ............................................................................................................... 73
Tabel 4.9 ............................................................................................................... 75
Tabel 4.10 ............................................................................................................. 76
Tabel 4.11 ............................................................................................................. 77
Tabel 4.12 ............................................................................................................. 78
Tabel 4.13 ............................................................................................................. 80
Tabel 4.14 ............................................................................................................. 84
Tabel 4.15 ............................................................................................................. 86
xi
Tabel 4.16 ............................................................................................................. 88
Tabel 4.17 ............................................................................................................. 89
Tabel 4.18 ............................................................................................................. 91
Tabel 4.19 ............................................................................................................. 92
Tabel 4.20 ............................................................................................................. 93
Tabel 4.21 ............................................................................................................. 94
Tabel 4.22 ............................................................................................................. 99
Tabel 4.23 ........................................................................................................... 100
Tabel 4.24 ........................................................................................................... 102
Tabel 4.25 ........................................................................................................... 104
Tabel 4.26 ........................................................................................................... 105
Tabel 4.27 ........................................................................................................... 106
Tabel 4.28 ........................................................................................................... 107
Tabel 4.29 ........................................................................................................... 108
Tabel 4.30 ........................................................................................................... 111
Tabel 4.31 ........................................................................................................... 115
xii
DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 4.1 ........................................................................................................ 109
Diagram 4.2 ........................................................................................................ 111
Diagram 4.3 ........................................................................................................ 113
Diagram 4.4 ........................................................................................................ 114
xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 .......................................................................................................... 25
Gambar 2.2 .......................................................................................................... 26
Gambar 2.3 .......................................................................................................... 27
Gambar 2.4 .......................................................................................................... 29
Gambar 2.5 .......................................................................................................... 29
Gambar 2.6 .......................................................................................................... 29
Gambar 3.1 .......................................................................................................... 38
Gambar 3.2 .......................................................................................................... 39
Gambar 3.3 .......................................................................................................... 44
xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran A-1 ..................................................................................................... 123
Lampiran A-2 ..................................................................................................... 130
Lampiran A-3 ..................................................................................................... 134
Lampiran A-4 ..................................................................................................... 136
Lampiran A-5 ..................................................................................................... 138
Lampiran A-6 ..................................................................................................... 140
Lampiran A-7 ..................................................................................................... 141
Lampiran A-8 ..................................................................................................... 142
Lampiran A-9 ..................................................................................................... 143
Lampiran B-1 ..................................................................................................... 144
Lampiran B-2 ..................................................................................................... 151
Lampiran B-3 ..................................................................................................... 152
Lampiran B-4 ..................................................................................................... 153
Lampiran B-5 ..................................................................................................... 154
Lampiran C-1 ..................................................................................................... 155
Lampiran C-1 ..................................................................................................... 162
Lampiran C-1 ..................................................................................................... 163
Lampiran C-1 ..................................................................................................... 164
Lampiran C-1 ..................................................................................................... 165
Lampiran D-1 ..................................................................................................... 166
Lampiran D-2 ..................................................................................................... 167
Lampiran D-3 ..................................................................................................... 168
Lampiran D-4 ..................................................................................................... 169
Lampiran E-1 ..................................................................................................... 174
xv
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ ii
MOTO HIDUP .................................................................................................... iii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ................................................................................ iv
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... v
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ vi
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH .............................................................................. vii
DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR DIAGRAM ....................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... xv
BAB I : PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah. ............................................................................. 1
B. Rumusan Masalah dan Pemecahan Masalah. ............................................. 2
1. Rumusan Masalah. ..............................................................................12
2. Pemecahan Masalah. ...........................................................................12
C. Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................................13
D. Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................................13
E. Batasan Istilah ...........................................................................................14
BAB II : KAJIAN PUSTAKA . ...........................................................................15
A. Kajian Teoritis. ...........................................................................................15
1. Hakikat Pendidikan Jasmani. .....................................................................15
a. Pengertian Pendidikan Jasmani ....................................................... 16
b. Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani di Sekolah Dasar ...................... 18
c. Tujuan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani di Sekolah Dasar. ..........19
d. Manfaat Pendidikan Jasmani. ...........................................................20
e. Ruang Lingkup Pendidikan Jasmani.................................................21
2. Permainan Sepakola ...................................................................................22
a. Pengertian Permainan Sepakbola .................................................... 22
b. Gerak Dasar Shooting .......................................................................23
1) Menendang (Shooting) dengan Kaki Bagian Dalam .................24
2) Menendang (Shooting) dengan Kaki Bagian Luar ....................25
3) Menendang (Shooting) dengan Punggung Kaki ........................26
3. Modifikasi Sasaran Gawang ..................................................................... 27
a. Pengertian Modifikasi ..................................................................... 27
b. Pembelajaran Gerak Dasar Shooting Melalui Modifikasi Sasaran
Gawang ........................................................................................... 28
4. Model Kooperatif ..................................................................................... 30
a. Pengertian Koopertaif ..................................................................... 30
b. Model Kooperatif Tipe Team Game Tournament (TGT) ............... 31
1) Pengertian Team Game Tournament (TGT) ............................ 31
2) Pelaksanaan Team Game Tournament (TGT) pada Pembelajaran
Gerak Dasar Shooting ................................................................32
B. Kajian Praktis .............................................................................................34
1. Maman Suarman (2011) ......................................................................34
2. Haryanto (2011) ..................................................................................35
3. Makruji (2013) ....................................................................................36
C. Hipotesis Tindakan ................................................................................... 37
BAB III : METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................. 38
A. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian .....................................................................38
1. Lokasi Penelitian .................................................................................38
2. Subjek Penelitian .................................................................................39
3. Waktu Penelitian .................................................................................41
B. Metode dan Desain Penelitian .................................................................. 41
1. Metode Penelitian ...............................................................................41
2. Desain Penelitian ............................................................................... 43
C. Instrumen Penelitian ................................................................................. 46
1. IPKG 1 ............................................................................................ 46
2. IPKG 2 ............................................................................................ 47
3. Lembar Aktivitas Siswa ....................................................................48
4. Lembar Hasil Tes ..............................................................................49
D. Teknik Pengumpulan Data .........................................................................50
1. Observasi ..........................................................................................50
2. Tes Praktek .......................................................................................51
E. Proedur Penelitian ......................................................................................51
1. Tahap Prencanaan Tindakan .............................................................51
2. Pelaksanaan Tindakan.......................................................................52
3. Observasi ..........................................................................................52
4. Refleksi .............................................................................................53
F. Teknik Pengolahan Data .......................................................................... 53
G. Analisis Data ............................................................................................ 54
1. Data Reduction (Reduksi Data)......................................................54
2. Data Display (Penyajian Data) ..................................................... 54
3. Conclusion Drawing/Verification (Kesimpulan) ......................... 55
H. Validasi Data ........................................................................................... 55
1. Triangulasi .................................................................................... 55
2. Member Check .............................................................................. 56
3. Audit Trail .................................................................................... 57
4. Expert Opinion ............................................................................. 57
BAB IV : PAPARAN DATA PEMBAHASAN ..................................................59
A. Paparan Data Awal ..................................................................................59
1. Data Awal Hasil Observasi Perencanaan Pembelajaran ................60
2. Data Awal Hasil Observasi Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran.................61
3. Data Awal Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa ..................................63
4. Data Awal Hasil Belajar Siswa ......................................................64
5. Analisis Data Awal ........................................................................66
B. Paparan Data Tindakan ............................................................................66
1. Paparan Data Tindakan Siklus I ................................................... 67
a. Paparan Data Tindakan Perencanaan Pembelajaran Siklus I ..67
b. Paparan Data Tindakan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus I
................................................................................................ 68
c. Paparan Data Tindakan Hasil Observasi Siklus I .................. 69
1) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Perencanaan Pembelajaran
Siklus I ............................................................................ 69
2) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru Siklus I ..... 70
3) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus I . 72
4) Paparan Data Hasil Belajar Siklus I .................................74
d. Analisis dan Refleksi Siklus I ................................................ 76
1) Analisis dan Refleksi Perencanaan Pembelajaran Siklus
I........................................................................................ 76
2) Analisis dan Refleksi Kinerja Guru Siklus I .................. 78
3) Analisis dan Refleksi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus I ................78
4) Analisis dan Refleksi Hasil Belajar Siklus I ....................79
2. Paparan Data Tindakan Siklus II .................................................81
a. Paparan Data Tindakan Perencanaan Pembelajaran Siklus II
.............................................................................................. 81
b. Paparan Data Tindakan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus II
.............................................................................................. 83
c. Paparan Data Tindakan Hasil Observasi Siklus II .............. 83
1) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Perencanaan Pembelajaran
Siklus II .......................................................................... 84
2) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru Siklus II ... 85
3) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus II
......................................................................................... 87
4) Paparan Data Observasi Hasil Belajar Silklus II ...... ..... 89
d. Analisis dan Refleksi Siklus II ............................................ 91
1) Analisis dan Refleksi Perencanaan Pembelajaran Siklus II
......................................................................................... 91
2) Analisis dan Refleksi Kinerja Guru Siklus II ................. 92
3) Analisis dan Refleksi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus II ............. 93
4) Analisis dan Refleksi Hasil Belajar Siklus II ................. 94
3. Paparan Data Tindakan Siklus III .............................................. 96
a. Paparan Data Tindakan Perencanaan Pembelajaran Siklus III
.............................................................................................. 96
b. Paparan Data Tindakan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus III
.............................................................................................. 96
c. Paparan Data Tindakan Hasil Observasi Siklus III ............. 98
1) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Perencanaan Pembelajaran
Siklus III ......................................................................... 98
2) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru Siklus III
....................................................................................... 100
3) Paparan Data Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus III
....................................................................................... 101
4) Paparan Data Observasi Hasil Belajar Siklus III ......... 103
d. Analisis dan Refleksi Siklus III ........................................ 105
1) Analisis dan Refleksi Perencanaan Pembelajaran Siklus III
....................................................................................... 105
2) Analisis dan Refleksi Kinerja Guru Siklus III .............. 106
3) Analisis dan Refleksi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus III .......... 107
4) Analisis dan Refleksi Hasil Belajar Siklus III .............. 107
C. Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ................................................................. 109
1. Peningkatan Perencanaan Kinerja Guru .................................. 109
2. Peningkatan Kinerja Guru ....................................................... 109
3. Peningkatan Aktivitas Siswa ................................................... 110
4. Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa ............................................. 113
BAB V : KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN........................................................ 116
A. Kesimpulan ............................................................................................ 116
1. Perencanaan Kinerja Guru ....................................................... 116
2. Pelaksanaan Kinerja Guru ........................................................ 117
3. Aktivitas Siswa ......................................................................... 118
4. Hasil Belajar Siswa .................................................................. 118
B. Saran ...................................................................................................... 118
1. Bagi Guru ................................................................................ 119
2. Bagi Siswa ............................................................................... 119
3. Bagi Sekolah ............................................................................ 119
4. Bagi UPI Kampus Sumedang .................................................. 120
5. Bagi Peneliti Lain ..................................................................... 120
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 121
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................... 123
Lampiran Riwayat Hidup ............................................................................... 174
X
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 ................................................................................................................. 5
Tabel 1.2 ................................................................................................................. 6
Tabel 1.3 ................................................................................................................. 7
Tabel 1.4 ................................................................................................................. 8
Tabel 3.1 ............................................................................................................... 40
Tabel 3.2 ............................................................................................................... 40
Tabel 3.3 ............................................................................................................... 41
Tabel 3.4 ............................................................................................................... 46
Tabel 3.5 ............................................................................................................... 47
Tabel 3.6 ............................................................................................................... 48
Tabel 3.7 ............................................................................................................... 50
Tabel 4.1 ............................................................................................................... 60
Tabel 4.2 ............................................................................................................... 61
Tabel 4.3 ............................................................................................................... 63
Tabel 4.4 ............................................................................................................... 65
Tabel 4.5 ............................................................................................................... 66
Tabel 4.6 ............................................................................................................... 69
Tabel 4.7 ............................................................................................................... 71
Tabel 4.8 ............................................................................................................... 73
Tabel 4.9 ............................................................................................................... 75
Tabel 4.10 ............................................................................................................. 76
Tabel 4.11 ............................................................................................................. 77
Tabel 4.12 ............................................................................................................. 78
Tabel 4.13 ............................................................................................................. 80
Tabel 4.14 ............................................................................................................. 84
Tabel 4.15 ............................................................................................................. 86
xi
Tabel 4.16 ............................................................................................................. 88
Tabel 4.17 ............................................................................................................. 89
Tabel 4.18 ............................................................................................................. 91
Tabel 4.19 ............................................................................................................. 92
Tabel 4.20 ............................................................................................................. 93
Tabel 4.21 ............................................................................................................. 94
Tabel 4.22 ............................................................................................................. 99
Tabel 4.23 ........................................................................................................... 100
Tabel 4.24 ........................................................................................................... 102
Tabel 4.25 ........................................................................................................... 104
Tabel 4.26 ........................................................................................................... 105
Tabel 4.27 ........................................................................................................... 106
Tabel 4.28 ........................................................................................................... 107
Tabel 4.29 ........................................................................................................... 108
Tabel 4.30 ........................................................................................................... 111
Tabel 4.31 ........................................................................................................... 115
xii
DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 4.1 ........................................................................................................ 109
Diagram 4.2 ........................................................................................................ 111
Diagram 4.3 ........................................................................................................ 113
Diagram 4.4 ........................................................................................................ 114
xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 .......................................................................................................... 25
Gambar 2.2 .......................................................................................................... 26
Gambar 2.3 .......................................................................................................... 27
Gambar 2.4 .......................................................................................................... 29
Gambar 2.5 .......................................................................................................... 29
Gambar 2.6 .......................................................................................................... 29
Gambar 3.1 .......................................................................................................... 38
Gambar 3.2 .......................................................................................................... 39
Gambar 3.3 .......................................................................................................... 44
xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran A-1 ..................................................................................................... 123
Lampiran A-2 ..................................................................................................... 130
Lampiran A-3 ..................................................................................................... 134
Lampiran A-4 ..................................................................................................... 136
Lampiran A-5 ..................................................................................................... 138
Lampiran A-6 ..................................................................................................... 140
Lampiran A-7 ..................................................................................................... 141
Lampiran A-8 ..................................................................................................... 142
Lampiran A-9 ..................................................................................................... 143
Lampiran B-1 ..................................................................................................... 144
Lampiran B-2 ..................................................................................................... 151
Lampiran B-3 ..................................................................................................... 152
Lampiran B-4 ..................................................................................................... 153
Lampiran B-5 ..................................................................................................... 154
Lampiran C-1 ..................................................................................................... 155
Lampiran C-1 ..................................................................................................... 162
Lampiran C-1 ..................................................................................................... 163
Lampiran C-1 ..................................................................................................... 164
Lampiran C-1 ..................................................................................................... 165
Lampiran D-1 ..................................................................................................... 166
Lampiran D-2 ..................................................................................................... 167
Lampiran D-3 ..................................................................................................... 168
Lampiran D-4 ..................................................................................................... 169
Lampiran E-1 ..................................................................................................... 174
xv