DAFTAR ISI - TUGAS AKHIR ANALISA KONSOLIDASI DENGAN PENDEKATAN RUMUS TERZHAGI DAN PLAXIS PADA JALAN AKSES BANDARA AHMAD YANI SEMARANG - Unissula Repository

  

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ......................................................................................... i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN...........................................................................

  5 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Pengertian Tanah .......................................................................

  d. Nilai gelombang geser (Vs) berdasarkan N-SPT .................. 12

  c. Penentuan klas site tanah....................................................... 11

  b. Plastisitas dan konsistensi tanah kohesif............................... 11

  a. Tanah kohesif dan tidak kohesif............................................ 11

  2.1.2 Karakteristik Tanah .............................................................. 11

  9

  7 2.1.1 Deskripsi Tanah ...................................................................

  4 1.6 Sistematika Penyusunan Laporan .............................................

  ii

  4 1.5 Lokasi Penelitian .......................................................................

  3 1.4 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................

  3 1.3 Batasan Masalah.........................................................................

  1 1.2 Perumusan Masalah ..................................................................

  BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ...........................................................................

  

KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR ISI...................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. xvi

ABSTRAK .........................................................................................................xviii

  v

  

BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN TUGAS AKHIR........................................ iii

MOTTO ............................................................................................................. iv

PERSEMBAHAN..............................................................................................

  2.2 Penurunan Tanah ........................................................................ 16

  2.2.1 Analogi penurunan dalam percobaan pegas.......................... 16

  2.2.2 Jenis-jenis penurunan tanah .................................................. 19

  a. Penurunan seketika / segera ( Si ) ........................................ 19

  b. Penurunan konsolidasi ( Sc ) ................................................ 21

  c. Penurunan sekunder ( Ss ) .................................................... 25

  2.3 Metoda Perhitungan Penurunan Konsolidasi ............................. 26

  2.3.1 Waktu konsolodasi ................................................................ 26

  2.3.2 Normally consolidated dan over consolidated...................... 27

  2.3.3 Regangan Vertikal................................................................. 27

  2.3.4 Penurunan Elastis pada tiang tunggal ................................... 29

  a. Menentukan S1...................................................................... 29 b Menentukan S2 ...................................................................... 30 c. Menentukan S3...................................................................... 31

  2.3.5 Menentukan penurunan elastik Pile Group .......................... 32

  2.3.6 Penurunan konsolidasi pada Pile Group ............................... 32

  2.3.7 Koefisien kompresibilitas volume ........................................ 34

  2.3.8 Konsolidasi satu dimensi ( 1-D ) .......................................... 36

  2.4 Tahapan pada Plaxis................................................................... 38

  2.4.1 Studi parameter ..................................................................... 38

  BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

  3.1 Jenis Penelitian........................................................................... 53

  3.2 Sumber Data............................................................................... 53

  3.3 Analisa Data ............................................................................... 53

  3.4 Teknik Pengolahan Data ............................................................ 53

  3.5 Deskripsi Analisa Data ............................................................... 54

  3.5.1 Identifikasi Masalah .............................................................. 55

  3.5.2 Studi Literatur ....................................................................... 55

  3.5.3 Analisis Data ......................................................................... 55

  a. Perhitungan Penurunan Konsolidasi pada tiap Pile (S) ........ 55

  b. Perhitungan Penurunan Konsolidasi pada Pile group( Sg ). 55

  c. Penurunan total ( ∑Sg ) ........................................................ 55

  d. Perhitungan Waktu Penurunan ( t ) ...................................... 55

  3.5.4 Perhitungan dengan metode pendekatan rumus Terizhagi .... 56

  3.5.5 Pemodelan Dengan Plaxis ...................................................... 56

  3.5.6 Analisa Perbandingan ............................................................. 57

  3.5.7 Kesimpulan dan Saran ........................................................... 58

  3.5.8 Penyusunan Laporan .............................................................. 59

  BAB IV ANALISA DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN

  4.1 Hasil Penyelidikan Tanah .......................................................... 59

  4.1.1. Pekerjaan Sondir Mesin ..................................................... 59

  a. Titik Sondir SM.1 ............................................................... 59

  b. Titik Sondir SM.2 ............................................................... 58

  4.1.2. Pekerjaan BOR Mesin ......................................................... 60

  4.2 Perhitungan Penurunan Konsolidasi elastis pada Pile ............... 61

  4.3 Penurunan konsolidasi Elastik pada Pile Group ........................ 66

  4.4 Penurunan Konsolidasi Pile Group............................................. 67

  4.5 Waktu Penurunan ....................................................................... 72

  4.6 Penggunaan PLAXIS untuk Analisis ......................................... 73

  4.7 Analisa Perbandingan Metode Perhitungan Terizhagi dan Program Plaxis ........................................................................................... 113

  BAB V PENUTUP

  5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 114

  5.2 Saran .......................................................................................... 115

  

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 116

LAMPIRAN – LAMPIRAN………………………………………………….

  DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.14. Perhitungan Penurunana Konsolidasi Pada

  44 Gambar 2.20. Hubungan Nilai (500 s/d1500 ),Konsisten Dan Tanah Dan N-SPT Tanah Lempung .........................................................

  41 Gambar 2.19. Hubungan Sudut Geser (ϕ ) Dan Nilai N-SPT Untuk Tanah Pasir

  40 Gambar 2.18. Hubungan Antara Nilai N-SPT Dan Undrained Shear Strength Untuk Tanah Kohesif .......................................................

  40 Gambar 2.17. Hubungan Antara Kohesi ( c ) dan Nilai N-SPT Untuk Tanah Kohesi ......................................................................

  38 Gambar 2.16. Alat Uji Standartd Penetration Test (Tabung Split Spoon Sampler)

  p ............................

  ’ + Δσ’> σ

  vo

  37 Gambar 2.15 Perhitungan Penurunan Konsolidasi Pada Over Consolidated Untuk Kondisi σ

  p .....................

  ’ + Δσ’< σ

  vo

  Over Konsolidasi Clay Untuk Kondisi σ

  Normally Consolidated Clay ............................................................... 37

Gambar 1.1. Lokasi Proyek Pembangunan Jalan Akses Jalan Bandara Ahmad Yani Semarang . ..................................................................................

  35 Gambar 2.13. Perhitungan Penurunana Konsolidasi pada

  v ..............................................................

  28 Gambar 2.12. Grafik Penentuan Nilai m

  26 Gambar 2.11. Penurunan Pda Tanah Terkonsolidasi .............................................

  25 Gambar 2.10. Tahapan Penuruanan Tanah ............................................................

  23 Gambar 2.9. Grafik Isobar Boussinesq ..................................................................

  22 Gambar 2.8. Perubahan Tegangan Saat Konsolidasi .............................................

  21 Gambar 2.7. Perubahan Tegangan Saat Konsolidasi .............................................

  19 Gambar 2.6. Perubahan Volume Pada Konsolidasi ...............................................

  18 Gambar 2.5. Analog Penuruana Sekunder Dalam Percobaan Pegas .....................

  17 Gambar 2.4. Analog Penurunan Konsolidasi Dalam Percobaan Pegas .................

  16 Gambar 2.3. Analog Penurunan Seketika Dalam Percobaan Pegas .......................

  7 Gambar 2.2. Analog Kerangka Tanah Dalam Percobaan Pegas ............................

  4 Gambar 2.1. Hubungan Antara Komponen-Komponen Tanah .............................

  46

Gambar 2.21. Hubungan Nilai (350 s/d 500 ),Konsisten Dan Tanah Dan N-SPT Tanah Pasir ..................................................................

  81 Gambar 4.11. Propetis Tanah Pada Tab Generals lapisan 3...................................

  87 Gambar 4.22. Aplikasi Plate Pada Tanah ...............................................................

  87 Gambar 4.21. Point load – Statik Load Syistem A .................................................

  86 Gambar 4.20. Print Load(Syistem A) .....................................................................

  86 Gambar 4.19. Distributed Load Pada Tiap Pile .....................................................

  85 Gambar 4.18. Plate Dengan Mengisi Propetis Set .................................................

  85 Gambar 4.17. Aplikasi Plate Pada Tanah................................................................

  84 Gambar 4.16. Plate Propertios ..............................................................................

  84 Gambar 4.15. Material Set pada Plates ..................................................................

  83 Gambar 4.14. Pengisian Material Set ....................................................................

  83 Gambar 4.13. Propetis Tanah Pasir Pada Tab Interface lapisan 3 ..........................

  82 Gambar 4.12. Propetis Tanah Pasir Pada Tab parameters lapisan 3 ......................

  81 Gambar 4.10. Propetis Tanah Pasir Pada Tab Interface lapisan 2 ..........................

  47 Gambar 2.22. Hubungan Range Niliai poisson’s Ratio Efektif (v’), Konsisiten Tanah Dengan N-SPT Untuk Tanah Pasir.....................

  80 Gambar 4.9. Propetis Tanah Pasir Pada Tab parameters lapisan 2 ........................

  79 Gambar 4.8. Propetis Tanah Pada Tab Generals lapisan 2.....................................

  79 Gambar 4.7. Propetis Tanah Pasir Pada Tab Interface lapisan 1 ............................

  78 Gambar 4.6. Propetis Tanah Lempung Pada Tab Parameters lapisan 1 ................

  77 Gambar 4.5. Propetis Tanah Pada Tab General lapisan 1 ......................................

  77 Gambar 4.4. Standard Fixitties ..............................................................................

  76 Gambar 4.3. Geometri Line ....................................................................................

  75 Gambar 4.2. General Settings (Dimension) ............................................................

  49 Gambar 4.1. General Settings (Project) ..................................................................

  48 Gambar 2.24. Hubungan Sudut Geser Dalam Dengan Konsisiten Pada Tanah Lempung .....................................................................

  48 Gambar 2.23. Hubungan Range Niliai poisson’s Ratio Efektif (v’), Konsisiten Tanah Dengan N-SPT Untuk Tanah Pasir.....................

  88

Gambar 4.23. Plate Dengan Mengisi Propetis Set .................................................

  88 Gambar 4.24. Distributed Load Pada Tiap Pile .....................................................

  89 Gambar 4.25. Print Load(Syistem A) .....................................................................

  89 Gambar 4.26. Point load – Statik Load Syistem A .................................................

  90 Gambar 4.27. View Elment Mesh...........................................................................

  90 Gambar 4.28. View Generate Mesh ........................................................................

  91 Gambar 4.29. Initial Condition .............................................................................

  92 Gambar 4.30. View Pore Pressure .........................................................................

  92 Gambar 4.31. Initial Soil Stresses ..........................................................................

  93 Gambar 4.32. Phase.................................................................................................

  96 Gambar 4.33. Select Points Connectivities ............................................................

  96 Gambar 4.34. Kalkulasi...........................................................................................

  97 Gambar 4.35. Deformed Mesh Phase 1 .................................................................

  97 Gambar 4.36. Excess Pore Pressures Phase 1 .........................................................

  98 Gambar 4.37. Effective Stesses Phase 1 ................................................................

  98 Gambar 4.38. Deformed Mesh Phase 2 ..................................................................

  99 Gambar 4.39. Excess Pore Pressures Phase 2 .........................................................

  99 Gambar 4.40. Effective Stesses Phase 2 ................................................................. 100

Gambar 4.41. Deformed Mesh Phase 3 .................................................................. 100Gambar 4.42. Excess Pore Pressures Phase 3 ......................................................... 101Gambar 4.43. Effective Stesses Phase 3 ................................................................ 101Gambar 4.44. Deformed Mesh Phase 4 .................................................................. 102Gambar 4.45. Excess Pore Pressures Phase 4 ......................................................... 102Gambar 4.46. Effective Stesses Phase 4 ................................................................. 103Gambar 4.47. Deformed Mesh Phase 5 .................................................................. 103Gambar 4.48. Excess Pore Pressures Phase 5 ......................................................... 104Gambar 4.49. Effective Stesses Phase 5 ................................................................. 104Gambar 4.50. Deformed Mesh Phase 6 .................................................................. 105Gambar 4.51. Excess Pore Pressures Phase 6 ......................................................... 105Gambar 4.52. Effective Stesses Phase 6 ................................................................. 106Gambar 4.53. Deformed Mesh Phase 7 .................................................................. 106Gambar 4.54. Excess Pore Pressures Phase 7 ......................................................... 107Gambar 4.55. Effective Stesses Phase 7 ................................................................. 107Gambar 4.56. Deformed Mesh Phase 8 .................................................................. 108Gambar 4.57. Excess Pore Pressures Phase 8 ......................................................... 108Gambar 4.58. Effective Stesses Phase 8 ................................................................. 109Gambar 4.59. Deformed Mesh Phase 9 .................................................................. 109Gambar 4.60. Excess Pore Pressures Phase 9 ......................................................... 110Gambar 4.61 Effective Stesses Phase 9 .................................................................. 110Gambar 4.62. Deformed Mesh Phase 10 ............................................................... 111Gambar 4.63. Excess Pore Pressures Phase 10 ....................................................... 111Gambar 4.64. Effective Stesses Phase 10 ............................................................... 112

  DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1. Rentang Ukuran Partikel Tanah ............................................................

  N ) ..................................

  61 Tabel 4.2 Nilai N-SPT BH.1 ...............................................................................

  52 Tabel 4.1. Rekap Hasil Sondir ...............................................................................

  52 Tabel 2.22. Hubungan Antara Kohesi,N-SPT Dan Sudut Geser Pada Tanah Lempung ..................................................................................

  51 Tabel 2.21. Hubungan Antara Sudut Geser Dalam Dengan Jenis Tanah ...............

  51 Tabel 2.20. Nilai Tipikal Berat Volume .................................................................

  51 Tabel 2.19. Klasifikasi Tanah Dari Data Sondir ....................................................

  50 Tabel 2.18 Harga-Harga Koefisien Rembesan Pada Umumnya ..........................

  50 Tabel 2.17. Nilai,n,e,w,Ɣd,Ɣb Untuk Tanah Keadaan Asli Lapangan ...................

  49 Tabel 2.16 Nilai Perkiraan Angka Poisson (v) Tanah ...........................................

  47 Tabel 2.15. Nilai Modulus Elastisitas (E ) Tanah ...................................................

  45 Tabel 2.14. Hubungana Jenis,Konsisten dengaan Poisson’s Ratio (v) ..................

  43 Tabel 2.13. Sumber Dan Rumus Nilai Factor Koreksi (C

  9 Tabel 2.2 Beberapa Tipe Tanah dan Sifatnya ......................................................

  43 Tebal 2.12. Korelasi Nilai N-SPT Dengan Relative Density Tanah Non Kohesif

  42 Tebal 2.11. Korelasi Berat Jenis Tanah Jenuh Untuk Tanah Non Kohesif ............

  41 Tebal 2.10. Korelasi Berat Jenis Tanah Untuk Tanah Kohesif Dan Non Kohesif..

  31 Tebal 2.9. Korelasi Empiris Antara Nilai N-SPT Dengan unconfined compressive (qu) Dan Berat Jenis Tanah Jenuh Untuk Tanah Kohesif.....................

  15 Tebal 2.8. Parameter Elastik Tanah .....................................................................

  15 Tebal 2.7. Hubungan Antara Harga N Dan Berat Isi ...........................................

  14 Tebal 2.6. Hubungan Antara Harga N dan Daya Dukung Tanah Yang di Izinkan

  14 Tabel 2.5. Hubungan Antara Harga N, Keperluan Relatif Dan qu Pada Tanah Kohesif Oleh Terzaghi Dan Peck ...................................

  13 Tabel 2.4. Hubungan Antara Relatif Density Dengan Nilai N ............................

  13 Tabel 2.5. Hubungan Konsisten, Identifikasi, Dan Kuat Geser Tekan Bebas(qu)

  9 Tabel 2.3. Propertis Dinamik Tanah menurut UBC 1997 ....................................

  61

Tabel 4.3 Parameter Elastik Tanah ......................................................................

  63 Tabel 4.4 Material Propertis Data Tanah .............................................................

  74 Tabel 4.5. Hasil Analisa Perhitungan Menggunakan Program PLAXIS ............... 113

Tabel 4.6 Perbandingan Metode Perhitungan Terzhagi dan Proram Plaxis Pada

  Permodelan Pile Group ........................................................................ 113