THE INFLUENCE OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING MODEL WITH WEB-BASED LEARNING MEDIA TO INCREASE STUDENT’S ACHIEVEMENT ON THE LEARNING OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEM.
THE INFLUENCE OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING MODEL WITH
WEB-BASED LEARNING MEDIA TO INCREASE STUDENT’S
ACHIEVEMENT ON THE LEARNING
OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEM
By:
Rayhan Jamilah
Reg. Number 4103332023
Bilingual Chemistry Education Program
THESIS
Submitted to fulfill the requirement for getting the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2014
i
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful
Alhamdulillah, all praises be to Allah –The God who teaches us with pen and
teaches human being of what they do not know- for the strengths and His blessing
in completing this thesis. This thesis appears in its current due to the assistance
and guidance of several people. I would therefore like to offer my sincere thanks
to all of them.
Special appreciation goes to my supervisor, Drs. Eddyanto, Ph.D for his
supervision and constant support. His valuable help of constructive comments and
suggestion in the complete this thesis. Not forgotten, my appreciation to my
examiners, Dr. Iis Siti Jahro, M.Si, Dr. Simson Tarigan, M.Pd, and Drs. Rahmat,
M.Si for their advice, guidance, and suggestions in completing this thesis.
I would like to express my appreciation to the Dean of Faculty of
Mathematics and Natural Science, Prof. Drs. Motlan, M.Sc, Ph.D, to the Head of
Chemistry Department, Drs. Jamalum Purba, M.Si, to Head of Chemistry
Education Department, Dra. Ani Sutiani, M.Si, to Secretary of Bilingual Program,
Dr. Iis Siti Jahro, M.Si, to Office Staff of Bilingual Program, Mr. Sam for their
support and help towards my undergraduate affairs.
My sincere appreciation to Headmaster of MAN 1 Medan, H. Ali Masran
Daulay, S.Pd, M.A, and to Chemistry teacher, Mardiani Pane, S.Pd who help a lot
during research in completing this thesis.
My deepest gratitude goes to my beloved parents; Mr. H. Abdar Lubis and
Mrs. Hj. Megawaty (Almh0 and also to mybrother: Mr. Muhammad Arvo, ST,
and my sisters: Mrs. Ella Andhany, M.Pd and her husband Mr. Muhammad Joko
Kurniawan, S.Kom, Ms. Febrina Nadrah, S.PdI and Ms. Siti Masitha for their
endless love, prayers, encouragement, patience, and I am thankful for the blessing
of such a wonderful and truly amazing family.
v
Sincere thanks to my best friends in CESP 2010, especially to Debby Suci
Martalina, Yasir Arafat Hutapea, Wika Prayogi, Cici Purnama Sari, Melisa
Sipayung, Lina Marwiya, Rabiah Afifah Daulay, Rudi Purwanto, and others for
their kindness and moral support during my study. Thanks for the friendship and
memories.
The last but not the least, thanks to Mrs. Suharni, SH as my lovely
“bunda” and all my friends for a nice friendship and life learning during PPLT
2013 in SMAN 1 Tebing Tinggi.
Without the help of those who participated in this thesis, this study would
have not been possible to carry out. I thank all the participants for their assistance.
My deepest appreciation and gratitude to each and every person, who in some way
or the other assisted me in making this thesis a reality.
Finally, I hope this thesis would be useful for those who would like to
explore more about Project Based Learning Model, especially dor the students of
Chemistry Education Department. I realize that this thesis is still far from being
perfect therefore; constructive comments and suggestions are needed for the
further improvement of this thesis.
Medan, July16th, 2014
Writer
Rayhan Jamilah
iii
THE INFLUENCE OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING MODEL WITH
WEB-BASED LEARNING MEDIA TO INCREASE STUDENT’S
ACHIEVEMENT ON THE LE ARNING
OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEM
Rayhan Jamilah (Reg.Number: 4103332023)
(ABSTRACT)
This research aims to
investigate the effectiveness of Project Based
Learning model with web-based learning media to increase student achievement
on the teaching of colloidal system, to investigate whether or not Project Based
Learning model with web-based learning media gives higher significant difference
compared to direct instruction to student achievement, student motivation, and
student interest on the teaching of colloidal system. The research was conducted
by using Project Based Learning model with web-based learning media on the
learning of colloidal system to XI grade high school students in MAN 1 Medan.
The research was started by sampling process to determine the experimental class
and controlled class in the selected school then followed by performing pre test to
know the initial knowledge of the students about the material before carrying out
the specific teaching treatment in both of the classes.. After giving those different
teaching treatments, post test and questionnaire were conducted in both classes.
The data is analyzed by using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and SPSS 16.0 for
Windows program .It is found that experimental class data; average of pretest is
29, average of post test is 78, normalized gain is 70, while controlled class data;
average of pretest is 29.83, average of post test is 71, normalized gain is 58,. The
effectiveness of this research is 17.11%. All the Ha is accepted because the value
of Sig.(1-tailed) is 0.00 > 0.05.
vi
CONTENT LIST
Page
Agreement Sheet
i
Contents List
ii
Figures List
iv
Tables List
v
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
1
1.2. Problem Identification
3
1.3. Problem Limitation
3
1.4. Problem Formulation
4
1.5. Research objectives
4
1.6. Research Benefits
5
1.7. Operational Definition
4
CHAPTER II LITERATURE STUDY
2.1. Principles of Teaching
6
2.2. Definition of Learning
6
2.3. Student Achievement
7
2.4. Direct Instruction Learning Model
7
2.5. Project Based Learning
8
2.5.1. Definition of Project Based Learning
8
2.5.2. Characteristics of Project Based Learning
8
2.5.3. Principles of Project Based Learning
9
2.5.4. Steps in Project Based Learning
9
2.5.5. Advantages of Project Based Learning
10
2.5.6. Disadvantages of Project Based Learning
11
2.6. Learning Media
11
vii
2.6.1. Definition of Learning Media
11
2.6.2. Web Based Learning Media
12
2.7. Colloidal System
13
2.7.1. Types of Colloids
15
2.7.2. Properties of Colloids
16
2.7.2.1. Tyndall Effect
16
2.7.2.2. Brownian Motion
17
2.7.2.3. Electrophoresis
17
2.7.2.4. Adsorption
18
2.7.2.5. Coagulation
18
2.7.2.6. Protective Colloids
18
2.7.2.7. Dialysis
18
2.7.3. Lyophilic Colloids and Lyophobic Colloids
18
2.8. Conceptual Framework
19
2.9. Hypothesis
20
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Overview of The Research
21
3.2 Research Location and Research Object
21
3.3 Population and Sample
21
3.4 Research Variable
22
3.5 Research Design
22
3.6 Research Instrument
25
3.6.1 Validity Test
26
3.6.2 Reliability Test
26
3.6.3 Difficulty Level Test
27
3.6.4 Different Index Test
27
3.7 Data Analysis Technique
28
3.7.1 Normality Test
29
3.7.2 Homogeneity Test
30
viii
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1. The Instrument of Data Analysis
32
4.1.1. The Validity Test
32
4.1.2. The Reliability Test
33
4.1.3. The Difficulty Level Test
33
4.1.4. The Different Index Test
33
4.2. The Description of Data
34
4.2.1. Result of Experimental Class
34
4.2.2. Result of Controlled Class
34
4.3. Data Analysis
35
4.3.1. The Normality Test
35
4.3.2. The Homogeneity Test
36
4.3.3. The Hypothesis Test
37
4.3.3.1. The Hypothesis Test of Hypothesis 1
37
4.3.3.2. The Hypothesis Test of Hypothesis 2
38
4.3.3.3. The Hypothesis Test of Hypothesis 3
38
4.3.4. The Effectiveness of Student Achievement
38
4.4. Discussion
39
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion
44
5.2. Suggestion
44
REFERENCE
45
x
TABLES LIST
Page
Table 2.1.
Steps in Project Based Learning
Table 2.2.
Comparison properties of Solutions, Colloids,
10
and Suspensions
15
Table 2.3.
Types of Colloids
16
Table 3.1.
Research Treatment
22
Table 3.2.
Instrument Specification
25
Table 4.1.
The Data of Experimental Class
34
Table 4.2.
The Data of Controlled Class
35
Table 4.3.
The Data of Normality Test
36
Table 4.4.
The Data of Homogeneity Test
37
ix
FIGURES LIST
Page
Figure 3.1.
Scheme of Research Design
24
Figure 4.1.
Average Difference of Pre Test
40
Figure 4.2.
Average Difference of Post Test
41
Figure 4.3.
Average Difference of Motivation
41
Figure 4.4.
Average Difference of Interest
42
Figure 4.5.
Average Difference of Gain
43
xi
APPENDIX LIST
Page
Appendix 1
Syllabus
46
Appendix 2
Lesson Plan
50
Appendix 3
Instrument Assessment
86
Appendix 4
Table of Instrument Specification
94
Appendix 5
Instrument
95
Appendix 6
Student’s Motivation and Interest Questionaire
98
Appendix 7
Validity Calculation
111
Appendix 8
Reliability Calculation
114
Appendix 9
Difficulty Level Test Calculation
116
Appendix 10
Different Index Test Calculation
118
Appendix 11
Research Data
120
Appendix 12
Table of Normality Test
122
Appendix 13
Table of Homogeneity and Independent T-test
123
Appendix 14
Web-Blog Content
125
Appendix 15
Documentations
130
Appendix 16
Project Worksheet
131
i
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Education as an effort helping students to reach their maturity should be
well organized. Teachers by mastering science and technology have to try to build
an appropriate learning atmosphere that can let their students feel comfort and
easy to catch learning materials. Teaching makes acquisition of knowledge and
skills possible through systematic interaction between teachers and students. It
happens everyday and involves teacher, students, methodology and materials
interaction. Parts of these materials are known as instructional resources.
Indonesia is one of countries with low quality of education (according to
UNESCO), one of its reasons is that teachers can not dig up student‟s potential.
Most of time they force their will without paying attention to their students talent.
A good education process gives student opportunity to become creative, this is
because basically the way student thinks is unable to be directed.
Chemistry is recognized as one of difficult subjects to learn by students,
this is because understanding of chemistry is based on assigning meaning to the
unseen and the intangible. It contains many concepts which are difficult to be
understood by students as it relates to chemical reactions, calculation
(stoichiometry) and some abstract concepts. Mostly chemistry learning is held
through boring and passive way with lack of students motivation and interest. In
this situation students feel as if they are forced to learn about this subject and of
course this affects their achievement. So that teachers should make efforts to make
a much more interesting and effective learning.
One of chemistry materials that are assumed as interesting topic for
students is colloidal system but it will be difficult to understand if the teachers can
not find the appropriate learning model and media to teach that topic. This is
because colloidal system contains many concepts related to daily life phenomena.
Project based learning is a model that can organize projects in a learning
process (Giilbahar and Tinmaz, 2006). It gives an opportunity to the learning
2
system which is centered in students to make them more active and collaborative
in doing the project. One of the reasons why Project Based Learning is important
to implement is that according to the researches before 90% of students involved
in the implementation of Project Based Learning feel optimistic face the real
problem in life.
Project Based Learning requires a
lot of information in the
implementation. The information can be achieved from books ,internet, and other
sources. In this case web-based learning media is chosen to be combined with
Project Based Learning.
The use of learning media in teaching process provides the basis for
improved teaching and learning of a subject. They are designed, produced and
used to achieve specific instructional goal. An intelligent use of audio-visual aids
will save time and stimulate students‟ interest. It increases the retention of
knowledge and stimulates understanding and attitude. They help students to
recognize a problem, provide solution and summarize discussion. More so, they
facilitate independent study, aid communication, create a variety of sensory and
make instruction more powerful.
The development of information and technology provides the education
world lots of information sources that are widely available and can be accessed
quickly. This technology is known as internet. The information in internet comes
from individuals or organizations that is intentionally published to the world.
In fact, everyday many students are spending countless hours immersed in
popular technologies-such as Google, Facebook, Myspace, World of craft or Sim
city-which at first glance may seem like a waste of time and brain cells. But these
genres of technology-Social Networking, Digital gaming, and Simulationsdeserve a second, deeper, look at what is actually going. Students are more
interested in using social media to have more friends than to get more information
as their lesson materials. Market research data indicates that many a normal,
middle-aged adult 1 uses these technologies with frequency (Klopfer, 2009 : 2)
Web-based learning is a long distance learning system which is based on
the information and technology through web pages. Web-based learning media is
3
a programmed and individual learning form. Programmed learning is a learning
system with materials that are well programmed to reach the goal of education.
While individual learning is a learning system that pays attention to the need and
characteristics of student. (Burns, 1971: 45)
Web-based learning serves learning materials shown through web browser
and made in the web format. Web-based learning materials are mostly gained
from websites or blogs, but it is not always depended on internet connection. As
an example, a web-based learning which is done by using CD-ROM. In this case
all the learning materials are running in it so the students can use it directly as
learning media. The use of CD-ROM can be more effective if there is no internet
connection in the school, house or community.
Based on the problem above the researcher is interested to do a research
entitled “The Influence of Project Based Learning Model with Web-based
Learning Media to Increase Student’s Achievement on The Learning of
Colloidal System”.
1.2 Problem Identification
Based on the background explained above, the problem identification in this
research includes:
1. Students find difficulties in studying chemistry as the understanding of
chemistry is based on assigning meaning to the unseen and the intangible.
2. Teachers find difficulties in providing attractive and interesting learning
model in chemistry learning.
3. Students have less willing in using school facilities like personal computer
and internet access in learning process.
4. Student achievement of chemistry subject is still low.
1.3 Problem Limitation
In order to make this research well directed the problem needs to be limited to
the applying of project based learning model with web-based learning media in
increasing student achievement on the teaching of colloidal system. This is done
by comparing the student achievement between the class taught by using project
4
based learning model with web-based learning media and the other class taught
conventionally.
1.4 Problem Formulation
The problem formulation of this research includes:
1. How is the effectiveness of Project Based Learning model with web-based
learning media in increasing student‟s achievement on the teaching of
colloidal system?
2. Does Project Based Learning model with web-based learning media give
higher significant difference compared to direct instruction learning model
to student‟s achievement on the teaching of colloidal system?
3. Does Project Based Learning model with web-based learning media give
higher significant difference compared to direct instruction learning model
to student‟s motivation on the teaching of colloidal system?
4. Does Project Based Learning model with web-based learning media give
higher significant difference compared to direct instruction learning model
to student‟s interest on the teaching of colloidal system?
1.5 Research Objective
The objectives of this research are:
1. To investigate the effectiveness of Project Based Learning model with
web-based learning media in increasing student‟s achievement on the
teaching of colloidal system.
2. To investigate whether or not Project Based Learning model with webbased learning media gives higher significant difference compared to
direct instruction to student‟s achievement on the teaching of colloidal
system.
3. To investigate whether or not Project Based Learning model with webbased learning media gives higher significant difference compared to
direct instruction to student„s motivation on the teaching of colloidal
system.
5
4. To investigate whether or not Project Based Learning model with webbased learning media gives higher significant difference compared to
direct instruction to student‟s interest on the teaching of colloidal system.
1.6 Research Benefit
This research is hoped to bring benefits to:
1. Those who are directly involved in learning process (teachers and
students), so they can build a more interesting and effective way to teach
and learn colloidal system by using web-based learning media.
2. Students who are studying about colloidal system because they can access
more materials on the web pages.
3. The next researchers who are interested in doing similar research in the
future.
1.7 Operational Definition
1. Project Based Learning is a model that can organize projects in a learning
process and it gives an opportunity to the student centered learning system
in make students more active and collaborative in doing the project.
2. Web-based learning media is a long distance learning system which is based
on the information and technology through web pages.
3. Student achievement is the result of a learning process, that is an interaction
of teaching and learning action.
44
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion
Based on the data analysis, researcher concludes that:
1. Student achievement of the class taught by using project based learning
model with web-based learning media gives higher significant difference
compared to the class taught by using direct teaching model.
2. Student motivation of the class taught by using project based learning
model with web-based learning media gives higher significant difference
compared to the class taught by using direct teaching model.
3. Student Interest of the class taught by using project based learning model
with web-based learning media gives higher significant difference
compared to the class taught by using direct teaching model.
4. The effectiveness of student achievement taught by using project based
learning model with web-based learning media is 17.11 % compared to
student achievement taught by using direct teaching model.
6.1. Suggestion
Based on the data analysis, researcher suggests that:
1. The prospective teachers can use this research as a reference for doing the
similar researches in order to increase student achievement and motivate
the students either by applying appropriate learning model or using
appropriate learning media.
2. The next researchers who will conduct a research related to web-based
learning media in the form of web-blogs or websites should try using
social media like facebook, twitter, skype, etc to increase student
achievement as those social media are very close to students daily life.
45
REFERENCES
Arsyad, A., (2008), Media Pembelajaran, Raj Agrando Persada, Jakarta
Burns, R., (1971), Method for Individualizing Instruction, The Macmillan
company, New York
Dimyati dan Mujiono, (2006), Belajar dan Pembelajaran, Rineka Cipta, Jakarta
Djamarah, (2002), Strategi Belajar dan Mengajar, Rineka Cipta, Jakarta
Giilbahar, Y., Tinmaz, H., (2006), Implementing Project Based Learning and EPortofolio Assesment In an Udergraduate Course, Journal of Research
and Technology in Education, 38 (3) : 309-327
Klopfer, E., (2009), Using The Technology of Today, in The Classroom today,
Massachusetts Institutes of Technology: Massachusetts
Lachman, J.S, (1997), Learning is a Process: Toward an Improved Definition of
Learning. Journal of Research and Technology in Education, 131 (5)
Purnawan,
Y.,
(2007),
Deskripsi
Model
Pembelajaran
Proyek,http://www.yudipurnawan.wordpress.com,
Berbasis
(accessed
on
07/03/2014 12:16)
Sadiman, Arief S., (2003), Media Pendidikan: Pengertian, Pengembangan, dan
Pemanfaatannya, Grafindo Persada, Jakarta
Silitonga, P.M (2009), Statistic Teori dan Aplikasi dalam penelitian, FMIPA
Unimed Medan.
Situmorang, M., Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) Untuk Mata Pelajaran Kimia,
FMIPA Unimed Medan.
Sudrajat,
A.,
(2008),
Metode
dan
Teknik
Pembelajaran,
http://www.wijayalabs.wordpress.com, (accessed on 07/03/2014 11:56)
Wena, M., (2011), Strategy Pembelajaran Inovatif Kontemporer, Bumi Aksara,
Jakarta
WEB-BASED LEARNING MEDIA TO INCREASE STUDENT’S
ACHIEVEMENT ON THE LEARNING
OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEM
By:
Rayhan Jamilah
Reg. Number 4103332023
Bilingual Chemistry Education Program
THESIS
Submitted to fulfill the requirement for getting the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2014
i
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful
Alhamdulillah, all praises be to Allah –The God who teaches us with pen and
teaches human being of what they do not know- for the strengths and His blessing
in completing this thesis. This thesis appears in its current due to the assistance
and guidance of several people. I would therefore like to offer my sincere thanks
to all of them.
Special appreciation goes to my supervisor, Drs. Eddyanto, Ph.D for his
supervision and constant support. His valuable help of constructive comments and
suggestion in the complete this thesis. Not forgotten, my appreciation to my
examiners, Dr. Iis Siti Jahro, M.Si, Dr. Simson Tarigan, M.Pd, and Drs. Rahmat,
M.Si for their advice, guidance, and suggestions in completing this thesis.
I would like to express my appreciation to the Dean of Faculty of
Mathematics and Natural Science, Prof. Drs. Motlan, M.Sc, Ph.D, to the Head of
Chemistry Department, Drs. Jamalum Purba, M.Si, to Head of Chemistry
Education Department, Dra. Ani Sutiani, M.Si, to Secretary of Bilingual Program,
Dr. Iis Siti Jahro, M.Si, to Office Staff of Bilingual Program, Mr. Sam for their
support and help towards my undergraduate affairs.
My sincere appreciation to Headmaster of MAN 1 Medan, H. Ali Masran
Daulay, S.Pd, M.A, and to Chemistry teacher, Mardiani Pane, S.Pd who help a lot
during research in completing this thesis.
My deepest gratitude goes to my beloved parents; Mr. H. Abdar Lubis and
Mrs. Hj. Megawaty (Almh0 and also to mybrother: Mr. Muhammad Arvo, ST,
and my sisters: Mrs. Ella Andhany, M.Pd and her husband Mr. Muhammad Joko
Kurniawan, S.Kom, Ms. Febrina Nadrah, S.PdI and Ms. Siti Masitha for their
endless love, prayers, encouragement, patience, and I am thankful for the blessing
of such a wonderful and truly amazing family.
v
Sincere thanks to my best friends in CESP 2010, especially to Debby Suci
Martalina, Yasir Arafat Hutapea, Wika Prayogi, Cici Purnama Sari, Melisa
Sipayung, Lina Marwiya, Rabiah Afifah Daulay, Rudi Purwanto, and others for
their kindness and moral support during my study. Thanks for the friendship and
memories.
The last but not the least, thanks to Mrs. Suharni, SH as my lovely
“bunda” and all my friends for a nice friendship and life learning during PPLT
2013 in SMAN 1 Tebing Tinggi.
Without the help of those who participated in this thesis, this study would
have not been possible to carry out. I thank all the participants for their assistance.
My deepest appreciation and gratitude to each and every person, who in some way
or the other assisted me in making this thesis a reality.
Finally, I hope this thesis would be useful for those who would like to
explore more about Project Based Learning Model, especially dor the students of
Chemistry Education Department. I realize that this thesis is still far from being
perfect therefore; constructive comments and suggestions are needed for the
further improvement of this thesis.
Medan, July16th, 2014
Writer
Rayhan Jamilah
iii
THE INFLUENCE OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING MODEL WITH
WEB-BASED LEARNING MEDIA TO INCREASE STUDENT’S
ACHIEVEMENT ON THE LE ARNING
OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEM
Rayhan Jamilah (Reg.Number: 4103332023)
(ABSTRACT)
This research aims to
investigate the effectiveness of Project Based
Learning model with web-based learning media to increase student achievement
on the teaching of colloidal system, to investigate whether or not Project Based
Learning model with web-based learning media gives higher significant difference
compared to direct instruction to student achievement, student motivation, and
student interest on the teaching of colloidal system. The research was conducted
by using Project Based Learning model with web-based learning media on the
learning of colloidal system to XI grade high school students in MAN 1 Medan.
The research was started by sampling process to determine the experimental class
and controlled class in the selected school then followed by performing pre test to
know the initial knowledge of the students about the material before carrying out
the specific teaching treatment in both of the classes.. After giving those different
teaching treatments, post test and questionnaire were conducted in both classes.
The data is analyzed by using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and SPSS 16.0 for
Windows program .It is found that experimental class data; average of pretest is
29, average of post test is 78, normalized gain is 70, while controlled class data;
average of pretest is 29.83, average of post test is 71, normalized gain is 58,. The
effectiveness of this research is 17.11%. All the Ha is accepted because the value
of Sig.(1-tailed) is 0.00 > 0.05.
vi
CONTENT LIST
Page
Agreement Sheet
i
Contents List
ii
Figures List
iv
Tables List
v
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
1
1.2. Problem Identification
3
1.3. Problem Limitation
3
1.4. Problem Formulation
4
1.5. Research objectives
4
1.6. Research Benefits
5
1.7. Operational Definition
4
CHAPTER II LITERATURE STUDY
2.1. Principles of Teaching
6
2.2. Definition of Learning
6
2.3. Student Achievement
7
2.4. Direct Instruction Learning Model
7
2.5. Project Based Learning
8
2.5.1. Definition of Project Based Learning
8
2.5.2. Characteristics of Project Based Learning
8
2.5.3. Principles of Project Based Learning
9
2.5.4. Steps in Project Based Learning
9
2.5.5. Advantages of Project Based Learning
10
2.5.6. Disadvantages of Project Based Learning
11
2.6. Learning Media
11
vii
2.6.1. Definition of Learning Media
11
2.6.2. Web Based Learning Media
12
2.7. Colloidal System
13
2.7.1. Types of Colloids
15
2.7.2. Properties of Colloids
16
2.7.2.1. Tyndall Effect
16
2.7.2.2. Brownian Motion
17
2.7.2.3. Electrophoresis
17
2.7.2.4. Adsorption
18
2.7.2.5. Coagulation
18
2.7.2.6. Protective Colloids
18
2.7.2.7. Dialysis
18
2.7.3. Lyophilic Colloids and Lyophobic Colloids
18
2.8. Conceptual Framework
19
2.9. Hypothesis
20
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Overview of The Research
21
3.2 Research Location and Research Object
21
3.3 Population and Sample
21
3.4 Research Variable
22
3.5 Research Design
22
3.6 Research Instrument
25
3.6.1 Validity Test
26
3.6.2 Reliability Test
26
3.6.3 Difficulty Level Test
27
3.6.4 Different Index Test
27
3.7 Data Analysis Technique
28
3.7.1 Normality Test
29
3.7.2 Homogeneity Test
30
viii
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1. The Instrument of Data Analysis
32
4.1.1. The Validity Test
32
4.1.2. The Reliability Test
33
4.1.3. The Difficulty Level Test
33
4.1.4. The Different Index Test
33
4.2. The Description of Data
34
4.2.1. Result of Experimental Class
34
4.2.2. Result of Controlled Class
34
4.3. Data Analysis
35
4.3.1. The Normality Test
35
4.3.2. The Homogeneity Test
36
4.3.3. The Hypothesis Test
37
4.3.3.1. The Hypothesis Test of Hypothesis 1
37
4.3.3.2. The Hypothesis Test of Hypothesis 2
38
4.3.3.3. The Hypothesis Test of Hypothesis 3
38
4.3.4. The Effectiveness of Student Achievement
38
4.4. Discussion
39
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion
44
5.2. Suggestion
44
REFERENCE
45
x
TABLES LIST
Page
Table 2.1.
Steps in Project Based Learning
Table 2.2.
Comparison properties of Solutions, Colloids,
10
and Suspensions
15
Table 2.3.
Types of Colloids
16
Table 3.1.
Research Treatment
22
Table 3.2.
Instrument Specification
25
Table 4.1.
The Data of Experimental Class
34
Table 4.2.
The Data of Controlled Class
35
Table 4.3.
The Data of Normality Test
36
Table 4.4.
The Data of Homogeneity Test
37
ix
FIGURES LIST
Page
Figure 3.1.
Scheme of Research Design
24
Figure 4.1.
Average Difference of Pre Test
40
Figure 4.2.
Average Difference of Post Test
41
Figure 4.3.
Average Difference of Motivation
41
Figure 4.4.
Average Difference of Interest
42
Figure 4.5.
Average Difference of Gain
43
xi
APPENDIX LIST
Page
Appendix 1
Syllabus
46
Appendix 2
Lesson Plan
50
Appendix 3
Instrument Assessment
86
Appendix 4
Table of Instrument Specification
94
Appendix 5
Instrument
95
Appendix 6
Student’s Motivation and Interest Questionaire
98
Appendix 7
Validity Calculation
111
Appendix 8
Reliability Calculation
114
Appendix 9
Difficulty Level Test Calculation
116
Appendix 10
Different Index Test Calculation
118
Appendix 11
Research Data
120
Appendix 12
Table of Normality Test
122
Appendix 13
Table of Homogeneity and Independent T-test
123
Appendix 14
Web-Blog Content
125
Appendix 15
Documentations
130
Appendix 16
Project Worksheet
131
i
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Education as an effort helping students to reach their maturity should be
well organized. Teachers by mastering science and technology have to try to build
an appropriate learning atmosphere that can let their students feel comfort and
easy to catch learning materials. Teaching makes acquisition of knowledge and
skills possible through systematic interaction between teachers and students. It
happens everyday and involves teacher, students, methodology and materials
interaction. Parts of these materials are known as instructional resources.
Indonesia is one of countries with low quality of education (according to
UNESCO), one of its reasons is that teachers can not dig up student‟s potential.
Most of time they force their will without paying attention to their students talent.
A good education process gives student opportunity to become creative, this is
because basically the way student thinks is unable to be directed.
Chemistry is recognized as one of difficult subjects to learn by students,
this is because understanding of chemistry is based on assigning meaning to the
unseen and the intangible. It contains many concepts which are difficult to be
understood by students as it relates to chemical reactions, calculation
(stoichiometry) and some abstract concepts. Mostly chemistry learning is held
through boring and passive way with lack of students motivation and interest. In
this situation students feel as if they are forced to learn about this subject and of
course this affects their achievement. So that teachers should make efforts to make
a much more interesting and effective learning.
One of chemistry materials that are assumed as interesting topic for
students is colloidal system but it will be difficult to understand if the teachers can
not find the appropriate learning model and media to teach that topic. This is
because colloidal system contains many concepts related to daily life phenomena.
Project based learning is a model that can organize projects in a learning
process (Giilbahar and Tinmaz, 2006). It gives an opportunity to the learning
2
system which is centered in students to make them more active and collaborative
in doing the project. One of the reasons why Project Based Learning is important
to implement is that according to the researches before 90% of students involved
in the implementation of Project Based Learning feel optimistic face the real
problem in life.
Project Based Learning requires a
lot of information in the
implementation. The information can be achieved from books ,internet, and other
sources. In this case web-based learning media is chosen to be combined with
Project Based Learning.
The use of learning media in teaching process provides the basis for
improved teaching and learning of a subject. They are designed, produced and
used to achieve specific instructional goal. An intelligent use of audio-visual aids
will save time and stimulate students‟ interest. It increases the retention of
knowledge and stimulates understanding and attitude. They help students to
recognize a problem, provide solution and summarize discussion. More so, they
facilitate independent study, aid communication, create a variety of sensory and
make instruction more powerful.
The development of information and technology provides the education
world lots of information sources that are widely available and can be accessed
quickly. This technology is known as internet. The information in internet comes
from individuals or organizations that is intentionally published to the world.
In fact, everyday many students are spending countless hours immersed in
popular technologies-such as Google, Facebook, Myspace, World of craft or Sim
city-which at first glance may seem like a waste of time and brain cells. But these
genres of technology-Social Networking, Digital gaming, and Simulationsdeserve a second, deeper, look at what is actually going. Students are more
interested in using social media to have more friends than to get more information
as their lesson materials. Market research data indicates that many a normal,
middle-aged adult 1 uses these technologies with frequency (Klopfer, 2009 : 2)
Web-based learning is a long distance learning system which is based on
the information and technology through web pages. Web-based learning media is
3
a programmed and individual learning form. Programmed learning is a learning
system with materials that are well programmed to reach the goal of education.
While individual learning is a learning system that pays attention to the need and
characteristics of student. (Burns, 1971: 45)
Web-based learning serves learning materials shown through web browser
and made in the web format. Web-based learning materials are mostly gained
from websites or blogs, but it is not always depended on internet connection. As
an example, a web-based learning which is done by using CD-ROM. In this case
all the learning materials are running in it so the students can use it directly as
learning media. The use of CD-ROM can be more effective if there is no internet
connection in the school, house or community.
Based on the problem above the researcher is interested to do a research
entitled “The Influence of Project Based Learning Model with Web-based
Learning Media to Increase Student’s Achievement on The Learning of
Colloidal System”.
1.2 Problem Identification
Based on the background explained above, the problem identification in this
research includes:
1. Students find difficulties in studying chemistry as the understanding of
chemistry is based on assigning meaning to the unseen and the intangible.
2. Teachers find difficulties in providing attractive and interesting learning
model in chemistry learning.
3. Students have less willing in using school facilities like personal computer
and internet access in learning process.
4. Student achievement of chemistry subject is still low.
1.3 Problem Limitation
In order to make this research well directed the problem needs to be limited to
the applying of project based learning model with web-based learning media in
increasing student achievement on the teaching of colloidal system. This is done
by comparing the student achievement between the class taught by using project
4
based learning model with web-based learning media and the other class taught
conventionally.
1.4 Problem Formulation
The problem formulation of this research includes:
1. How is the effectiveness of Project Based Learning model with web-based
learning media in increasing student‟s achievement on the teaching of
colloidal system?
2. Does Project Based Learning model with web-based learning media give
higher significant difference compared to direct instruction learning model
to student‟s achievement on the teaching of colloidal system?
3. Does Project Based Learning model with web-based learning media give
higher significant difference compared to direct instruction learning model
to student‟s motivation on the teaching of colloidal system?
4. Does Project Based Learning model with web-based learning media give
higher significant difference compared to direct instruction learning model
to student‟s interest on the teaching of colloidal system?
1.5 Research Objective
The objectives of this research are:
1. To investigate the effectiveness of Project Based Learning model with
web-based learning media in increasing student‟s achievement on the
teaching of colloidal system.
2. To investigate whether or not Project Based Learning model with webbased learning media gives higher significant difference compared to
direct instruction to student‟s achievement on the teaching of colloidal
system.
3. To investigate whether or not Project Based Learning model with webbased learning media gives higher significant difference compared to
direct instruction to student„s motivation on the teaching of colloidal
system.
5
4. To investigate whether or not Project Based Learning model with webbased learning media gives higher significant difference compared to
direct instruction to student‟s interest on the teaching of colloidal system.
1.6 Research Benefit
This research is hoped to bring benefits to:
1. Those who are directly involved in learning process (teachers and
students), so they can build a more interesting and effective way to teach
and learn colloidal system by using web-based learning media.
2. Students who are studying about colloidal system because they can access
more materials on the web pages.
3. The next researchers who are interested in doing similar research in the
future.
1.7 Operational Definition
1. Project Based Learning is a model that can organize projects in a learning
process and it gives an opportunity to the student centered learning system
in make students more active and collaborative in doing the project.
2. Web-based learning media is a long distance learning system which is based
on the information and technology through web pages.
3. Student achievement is the result of a learning process, that is an interaction
of teaching and learning action.
44
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion
Based on the data analysis, researcher concludes that:
1. Student achievement of the class taught by using project based learning
model with web-based learning media gives higher significant difference
compared to the class taught by using direct teaching model.
2. Student motivation of the class taught by using project based learning
model with web-based learning media gives higher significant difference
compared to the class taught by using direct teaching model.
3. Student Interest of the class taught by using project based learning model
with web-based learning media gives higher significant difference
compared to the class taught by using direct teaching model.
4. The effectiveness of student achievement taught by using project based
learning model with web-based learning media is 17.11 % compared to
student achievement taught by using direct teaching model.
6.1. Suggestion
Based on the data analysis, researcher suggests that:
1. The prospective teachers can use this research as a reference for doing the
similar researches in order to increase student achievement and motivate
the students either by applying appropriate learning model or using
appropriate learning media.
2. The next researchers who will conduct a research related to web-based
learning media in the form of web-blogs or websites should try using
social media like facebook, twitter, skype, etc to increase student
achievement as those social media are very close to students daily life.
45
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