Biogas Desulfurizer Made from Waste of Aluminium Chips.
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CONTENTS
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202
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address
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"
J. Benitez
:: .-,f Clothing lndustry
,- rtcl Choque R. H.
lllur 9ll*rt :'Full-teK
under the Philosophy Lean
Manufacturing..
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Wayansurata, I Ketut Adi Atmika, Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Negara, and
PUtfA
'r= .quid-Vapor Phase Change inside Divergent Porous Evaporator.
in,,,,., ,'--- ^ - *.:r ',{igtel A. A. Mendes, Dimo,stheni.s Trimis, and Subhashis Ray
-,--],{rs.ransferinaPerfusionBioreactorwithaPorousWalt..
,, .'. '- ,:; P Yu, Y. Zeng, and S. H. Winoto
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......223
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Study of aNovelBuoyancy Driven Hydropower Generation Machine, ........235
-r,:,ounnrsioskouei
\.a,r
sis
of 1U Standardized STEP Cube Lab for On-Orbit Verification of Fundamental
239
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-i:.-,{r eon Jeon, and Seong-Cheol Kwon
,. : -::- -1 {ddition on Bubble Size, Gas Holdup, Interfacial Area, Bubble Coalescence, and
....745
-:--r-:: :r: in Dispersion Column
, i.-,' -. .----.,1.1 ntd Ribwar Kermanj Abdulrahman
-
ter)lalionLll .lou'nal oJ'l,laterials, l.techctnics and,\,{arugactut.itt.e. tr'al ?,
-- - -'sas
}o
-3.
August 20}4
Desulfunzar Made from Waste of Aluminium
Chips
-:. lde Tina Nindhia,
I WayanSurata, I Ketut Adi Atmil{a, Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Negara.
and Gung Putu Adhika Laksmana Pfira, Memher, IACSIT
-
::,rgen sulfide (FI2S) is found in the biogas as an
re errstence of hydrogen sulfide in the biogas
)n' rremiric for using biogas as a fuel since it ryill
ltttrrur .u:rrl'n of the lubricant of the engine, Hydrogen
, r " ---tire gas that can corrodes the steel tank of
nilrilr.ilund- t}rher serious problem concerning I{2S is, this
pu r r tarmful gas that should be avoided, This rryork
lr0!5 ix lFrFDique
to utilize aluminium chips waste that
is
rilir -1,m irrnufacturing process" To make aluminium
rn*rurrrn r -. H:S. the ion Al3- should
be releaserl from the
r,, !r i anic couplingwith iron in saltwater. The iron
M flnril rfirT"J-i€ also come from the iron chips waste, It is
fi
lil u,,nr iJdition of iron chips in to the rnixture of
- '- n the more reactive the aluminium ts
",:"''rl-\luminium, desulfurizer, galvanic coupling.
lriiu
th:i: 1.
I
ix|nooucltoru
, - :lce (H2S) has to be removed befbre
::3\ent environmental problem caused brv
- -
rg) compound, for reason of toxicity, and
:::lent
[1]. Foam formation was introduce in
, tbr the removal of H2S ftom the gas
---.:s technique was not attract the customer
:'-
-{ *r -::j-:. olsimplicity, especially for the consumer
: -_. aountry.
:--: .frer Lee et al. 12) introduce method of
-: .icidithiobacillystlrioo*rOont AZll for
- : l:is technique also not much attract affention
-
:
--:.rr because it was not easv to handle
:- :
desulfurizer r,vas introduced by Cosoli et al. l5l. Zeolite is a
rnining product witli reasonable price but not available every
w'here. Only in ceftain region we can find zeolite sources iion.r
mining. Cost to delivery zeolite from mining location to the
place of biogas installation could be another problem.
Recently the research on promoting metal chips waste as
desulfurizer was conducted by Nindhia et al. 16l. By utitizing
steel chips waste, the regenerative type of desulfurizer can be
developed. This rype of desulfurizer can be use reperitively
and already successful as a component for conversion of
gasoline to biogas fueled single cylinder of fotu stroke engine
olelectric generator that was invsnted by Nindhia et al. l7l.
In manufacturing industry, the metal waste rot only in the
iorm of steel or iron but other f,pe such as alurninium chips
waste are much exist since many componerrt of the engine are
nrade from aluminium. Aluminium is not reactive to H,S even
though in the form of aluminium oxide as iron oxide in the
case of iron. lt is the purpose of this research to use the waste
of aluminium chips as desulfurizer by using galvanic coupling
method. Galvanic coupling is a potential diffelence that
usually erists between two dissimilar metals rvhen they are
immersed in conductive solution. This potential difference
produce elech'on flow between them [B] and metal ron will be
released from one of the coupling. The metal ion is herpping
will react with H:S so that process of desulfurizatiou to occur.
the
:lOCeSS.
" rrr'::' -: idea by utilizing waste was introduced by
t ,- :.-:..s2 [3]. The waste that was used come liom
-
-.. .:J metal sludge of various corrpositions" But
.
": r .i:ilar with work of Yuan and Bandosz [3],
-
.,,
f,ste
for desulfurizer, Seredych [4] also using
Fig,
..:. ior desulfurizer. But this technique become
, :.;e pyrolyses process is needed at higher
- -' .'c).
. - using natural product such as zeeilite as
.
201 4.V2. I 3
(Al) chips,
Ex,i,RlivlENTAL
The waste of aluminium
(Al) chips was obtained
from
metal manuf,acturirg rndustr-v such as fiom turning or milling
processes as depicted in Fig. l. The particle size was ignoled.
In order galvanic coupling to occur, the aluminium chips
were rrixed with iron chips. The iron chips were also obtained
::lOO COlll'l
i\nI
Waste of aluminiuln
Il.
:, ;d November j. 2013; revise February l7.2Al4
:' nitll the Department ol Mechanical Engineenng,
. Udayana IJniversity Jimtraran. Bali- lndonesia. 80i61
I.
I
I
219
Internati.onal Journol of l,{aterials, Mechanics ond fu[anufactu.ing, L/ol. 2, No.
3,.
ugust 2.i
from waste of metal rnanufacturing industrl' as can be seen in
Fig.2.It was prepaled 4 composition of mixtures (iu wt. %)
Namely: 100% A1, 75% Al+25% Fe, 50% Al+50% Fe. and
flowed to the H2S gas sensol'6. If the:--_r'
well, then the H2S contents in the biog:-a. ',.
be measuredby closing valve 8 and ope,--
100% Fe.
the biogas to H2S gas sensor 10. T-;.:
The mixtures then are put inside water-salt solution ( 250
gram salt in 2 liters of water) for 2 days so that galvanic
corrosion to occur. After 2 days in salt water the desulfurizer
was taken out and installed as desuifurizer in the system of
biogas pipe line. It should be noted that galvanic corrosion
will not occur for the mixture of 100% Al and 100% Fe since
only single metal that exist but indeed oxidation occur and
will yield aluminium oxide for aluminium and iron oxide for
iron.
desulfurizerthen can be calculated by,us-:t- :;
result will be presented in graft and anahz=-
=:
H.Sbefore desulfurizer
-
H,S after
:
desu-:rel
H,S before desulfuri zer
Laser-induced breakdown spectros!-",:-,
utilized to proof that there is a residue of s- =m- :u
of aluminium and iron during use as des.",..r,s.
III,
REStjLT AND DISCUSS, -,.,
The result is presented in the Fig. 4. It is :;,-ui"r.
of aluminium chips the performanc: :,
almost zero which is mean that the alumi-r--.n100o/o
water
r
will
produce aluminium oxide (Al.C"
reactive to H2S and cannot act as desullu:-_s
indication is found when sma[l amount of L-c,r
(75% Al+25o/a Fe), the performance incr:.r<
which is above 5070 in reducing amount of I:_!
100
-t6 €
90
S
E
80
Fig 2. Waste of iron (Fe) chips
@
c
7A
G
c
ts
d
o
* 100%Al
+ 75%A !. :51+ 509:Ai - 5Ca +25'; Ar- 75\ ;E
-&- 10{%Fe
tr
l
,,f\
I
.e
U
T
10
90++{
01020304C
Volume of desulfurized
biog6 flile{
Fig. 4- Perfomrarce of alumrnium as desultirrizer incre=:<
of iron (Fe), Galvanic coupling occur and malie aluminiun
=r:n:
Ii?s.
Fig.
3
Schematic of experiment for desulfurizer test performaltce:
Biogas
I
Biogas
container.2 Valve,3,Flowrate indicator,4 Valve, 5. r,alve,6. H2S gas
sensor. 7. Desulfurizer, 8. Valve. 9 valve, 10, HzS gas sensor
It
was prepared about 500 gram
of each mixture
1.4.t'--
lHrS + Al:Sj.i+
6H-
as
desulfurizer and installed in the biogas pipe line system. The
system was arranged with flow rate about 3 liters/minute. The
perfomance of desulfurizer was evaluated by measuring the
H2S contents in the biogas before and after passing the
desulfurizer as can be seen in Fig,3. The performance of
desulfurizer vr'as measured for every 5 liters of biogas that
passed the desulfurizer and was stopped until reaeh 50 liter.
The biogas was let flow from gas container 1 and the flow
.,i-
rate was controlled by using valve 2. The flow rate was
checked by using flow rate indicator 3. To measure the H2S
contents in the biogas before entering desulfurizer, the valve 4
Fig-
was closed and the valve 5 was opened and let the biogas
5 Schematic reaction of ion Alr- rvitli II2S fron biogas.Th: ,.rr
relea-se
220
from suriace of aluminiurn due lo galvanic coupling ,,i
-_r
il' rm- =; llar a mi\-ture of -{l-Fe is
*ier
the salt \rater as electrollte.
'r put ir electrol-rte of salt u-ater.
flfl,ril -*r.: ealranic coupling to occur and
lEcrftJre
bvafu€
te
irrc
-\lj-
as can be explained
ACKNOWT,EDGMENT
in Fig.
The authors wish to thanks the Ministry of National and
Culture the Republic oflndonesia for financial suppoft under
second phase of national strategic scheme tesearch grant
(hibahpenelitianskim strategisnasional) under conffact
m lEtE"rE --r H.S as can be explain in the
cu-
{
: l:li= reaction uill
eliminate the H2S
{ftmF (
ri-r
number:
!
175A"12iLrNI4.2/PNL.01.03.0012013 granted
through UdayanaUniversity, Jimbaran,
B
ali, lndone s ia
-l
U
(LBffir
REFERENCES
Efofu
tll
EE
I2l
I{
d$nffi
t'
t3I
I, if FE
h)
l#
in the micture of 7syoFe+zsyo Al. lt was
$rthn +,t:ce proof the ability of the aluminium to react
u .ryrrgric couplig to occur with iron (Fe)
-{
rcfiF
ataGffi
t59
rrwir-ljl
ffitotu
E-
:;
-
t4l
to
E
Ls.
t5l
+t
i6l
tll
ilU
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5* rffie
w,tfr rtich proof
5$?
t*
KE
t8l
of
*auue
E
Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia rvas bom
reaction of desulfurization to occur
collaboration such as
l. e
,ljr-(proofed in Fig. 6 from LIBS result) and
rfur :nen oxide (Fe(OH)r). As mixture of AI+Fe is
Iffic prLt *ater in order galYanic coupling to occur.
h,rder reaction occur i.e. rcactiot of iron and salt
ftrm iron oxide Fe(OH)3 (proofed in Fig. 7 from
. -lris iron Oxide is very reactive to H2S 16), U)
in
Diripasar, Bali, I-ndonesia on January 76h, 1972-He
received his doctor degree in mechanical engineenng
from Gadjah Mada Universi$ (UGM) Yogvakarta.
lndonesia on August 2003, rvith major field of study
was material engineering
FIe participated in various international research
desulfurizer increase very much and
of 100% Fe. This condition is achieved
tr,l'o
electric
that the reaction of Fe(OH): with HuS
:o discuses here that ifthe iron contents are
50% Fe and similarly happen with 7 5YoFe,
I
four stroke engine of
gerrcratot."Internnational Joutnal of Environnrental Science and
Derelopment,vol 4, no. 3, pp. 300-303, lune 2013
M. C. Fontan4 Corrosion Engineering,McGrat't-Hill Book Company.
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ertng
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lvith Muroran ]:rstitute of
tfirmm
m
ie
l:.{
Jimbaran, Bali, Indonesia. His research interest covering subjects such as,
biomaterial, lvaste recycle. failure analyses, ceramic, metallurgy, composite'
renewable energy, and environmental friendly manufacturing
Prof. Nindhia is a member of JICA Alumni, ASEA-UNINET alumni,
Intemational Association of Computer Science and Information Technology
g
0ACSIT), Asia-Pacifi c Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineerin
Society (APCBEES) and also a member of association of Indonesian
Nanotechnology Prof. N indhia received best rasearcher award in I 997 and
in 201 3 from U dayana LJnivers ity the place where he is working and again in
2012 received both Best researcher award from Engineering Faculty of
Udayana University . In 20 i3 Prof. Nindhia awarded as l5 best perfotmance
Indonesian lecturers from Ministry of Education and Culture The Republic
(2) bellow:
OH)3 + 3H2S -+Fe2S3 + 6 H2O
(2)
CoNCLUSIoN
rc roncluded that the waste of aluminium chips is
ir - used as desulfurizer. The aluminium chips
r - red with ilon in order the galvanic coupling to
;. -:.3ase ion A13't. The ion Al3* is reactive to H2S.
ifllnrr
of Indonesia.
Lr:
5-The imcrf
lit_tg xtth irm
- : coupling between Aluminium and iron can be
- ',:ng the aluminium and iron continued by put in
was born in Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia on July 5, 1958,
who reeeived the doctor degree in the field of ergonotlic fiom Udayana
I \Yayan Surata
221
lnternational Jom'nal of A:rateriars, Mechanics and
rtarufhcturing,
University in 201 l. I{is research jnterest very nlrch
related in process of
manufacture, He is currently rvorking as a researcher
and lecturer at
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering
Faculty, Udayana
University, .Iimbaran, Bali, Indonesia.
r,,or.
2,
No. 3,
Augttst 20/4
Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra \egara rvas born in payangal :1
l97l.lie received hisM.Sc lrom t.lniversity of Sr,
2001in manufacturitlg sysLents engineering and rllurug.,r"n,.
__
rvorking as a researcher and lecturer at thc Dcpa;tmem
r:
on June 13,
Engiueering, Engineering Faculty, Udayana Uuiversity,
I Ketut Adi Atmika
in Negara, Bali, Indonesia on May l g, I 969.
He received his- master degree in mechanical engiueering
lion lnstitute
Technology of Sepuluh Novernber, surabaya. Ind-onesia.'
He is currentry
lvorking as a researcher and lectur:r at the Departmelt
of Mechanical
Engineering, Engineering Facutty, Udayana Uni'e.rii,u,
Jirnbarar, Bali.
rvas born
lndonesia.
222
lndonesia.
J
Gung Putu Adhika Laksmana putt.a was an undergrarjuate
stu
ivlecharrical Engi neering Departnrent. Udayana Un ivers
i ty, Jinth
lndonesia aud graduated in 2012
'i
Jt,
t-,
irl r-' vI
, Y \-
WWW lJm fil
[:
--:
O
C-j
[C
Si ?C,,+
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CONTENTS
list-14.1.hbr
*
dururrunruruw
l:nal
,u
umm F'e
n
_1.
August 2014
coveE
':ng. Printd
l:sities
aru
r, i r,,
-,, -r:
-;u
:rsities anr
:: ption an;
p.com)
c-il
wif
,iiu,,
'eified th :
.nu|.*
,..0
,.ielcome
s,
, tt ,
,111
,.'J- -,:t: -ito. md Sang-Deok Park
,11,,,,,
-- 7 - -;, -i;n. and Sang C. Park
-r:,:
--:
--.
: ri ih Customer Returns and Two-Period Newsboy Problem Using Insurance
202
ema
Iiliriiirlril,
contac
:r' posifior
ei up a
I
iiilu
*
-.--t --." ..:i KomAl ChAhafSOOghi
lri
.i r,: - .- -::I.um Foils by Dieless Process and His comparison with others conventional
lt lir
linr
:re journa
-e
andJqvadDargahi
:''-::-;Intatt
address
s an
: ,.* -.;imak-Arbatani,
,-rir
r*r. * --.; :iricu
"
J. Benitez
:: .-,f Clothing lndustry
,- rtcl Choque R. H.
lllur 9ll*rt :'Full-teK
under the Philosophy Lean
Manufacturing..
..
......214
be indexe:
,r,,
3viewers
rill//llilrflrr iir
rme to joi:.
:ard or as
'rith thei:
ilIrr
,"'.., ,. "'-
''":n,{hia,
-
*. - -"-, -:li7
r
-:
I
Wayansurata, I Ketut Adi Atmika, Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Negara, and
PUtfA
'r= .quid-Vapor Phase Change inside Divergent Porous Evaporator.
in,,,,., ,'--- ^ - *.:r ',{igtel A. A. Mendes, Dimo,stheni.s Trimis, and Subhashis Ray
-,--],{rs.ransferinaPerfusionBioreactorwithaPorousWalt..
,, .'. '- ,:; P Yu, Y. Zeng, and S. H. Winoto
,, uLL
=-
'
- . :-.:..in
--',.-
=
......223
.....-.230
Study of aNovelBuoyancy Driven Hydropower Generation Machine, ........235
-r,:,ounnrsioskouei
\.a,r
sis
of 1U Standardized STEP Cube Lab for On-Orbit Verification of Fundamental
239
-
-i:.-,{r eon Jeon, and Seong-Cheol Kwon
,. : -::- -1 {ddition on Bubble Size, Gas Holdup, Interfacial Area, Bubble Coalescence, and
....745
-:--r-:: :r: in Dispersion Column
, i.-,' -. .----.,1.1 ntd Ribwar Kermanj Abdulrahman
-
ter)lalionLll .lou'nal oJ'l,laterials, l.techctnics and,\,{arugactut.itt.e. tr'al ?,
-- - -'sas
}o
-3.
August 20}4
Desulfunzar Made from Waste of Aluminium
Chips
-:. lde Tina Nindhia,
I WayanSurata, I Ketut Adi Atmil{a, Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Negara.
and Gung Putu Adhika Laksmana Pfira, Memher, IACSIT
-
::,rgen sulfide (FI2S) is found in the biogas as an
re errstence of hydrogen sulfide in the biogas
)n' rremiric for using biogas as a fuel since it ryill
ltttrrur .u:rrl'n of the lubricant of the engine, Hydrogen
, r " ---tire gas that can corrodes the steel tank of
nilrilr.ilund- t}rher serious problem concerning I{2S is, this
pu r r tarmful gas that should be avoided, This rryork
lr0!5 ix lFrFDique
to utilize aluminium chips waste that
is
rilir -1,m irrnufacturing process" To make aluminium
rn*rurrrn r -. H:S. the ion Al3- should
be releaserl from the
r,, !r i anic couplingwith iron in saltwater. The iron
M flnril rfirT"J-i€ also come from the iron chips waste, It is
fi
lil u,,nr iJdition of iron chips in to the rnixture of
- '- n the more reactive the aluminium ts
",:"''rl-\luminium, desulfurizer, galvanic coupling.
lriiu
th:i: 1.
I
ix|nooucltoru
, - :lce (H2S) has to be removed befbre
::3\ent environmental problem caused brv
- -
rg) compound, for reason of toxicity, and
:::lent
[1]. Foam formation was introduce in
, tbr the removal of H2S ftom the gas
---.:s technique was not attract the customer
:'-
-{ *r -::j-:. olsimplicity, especially for the consumer
: -_. aountry.
:--: .frer Lee et al. 12) introduce method of
-: .icidithiobacillystlrioo*rOont AZll for
- : l:is technique also not much attract affention
-
:
--:.rr because it was not easv to handle
:- :
desulfurizer r,vas introduced by Cosoli et al. l5l. Zeolite is a
rnining product witli reasonable price but not available every
w'here. Only in ceftain region we can find zeolite sources iion.r
mining. Cost to delivery zeolite from mining location to the
place of biogas installation could be another problem.
Recently the research on promoting metal chips waste as
desulfurizer was conducted by Nindhia et al. 16l. By utitizing
steel chips waste, the regenerative type of desulfurizer can be
developed. This rype of desulfurizer can be use reperitively
and already successful as a component for conversion of
gasoline to biogas fueled single cylinder of fotu stroke engine
olelectric generator that was invsnted by Nindhia et al. l7l.
In manufacturing industry, the metal waste rot only in the
iorm of steel or iron but other f,pe such as alurninium chips
waste are much exist since many componerrt of the engine are
nrade from aluminium. Aluminium is not reactive to H,S even
though in the form of aluminium oxide as iron oxide in the
case of iron. lt is the purpose of this research to use the waste
of aluminium chips as desulfurizer by using galvanic coupling
method. Galvanic coupling is a potential diffelence that
usually erists between two dissimilar metals rvhen they are
immersed in conductive solution. This potential difference
produce elech'on flow between them [B] and metal ron will be
released from one of the coupling. The metal ion is herpping
will react with H:S so that process of desulfurizatiou to occur.
the
:lOCeSS.
" rrr'::' -: idea by utilizing waste was introduced by
t ,- :.-:..s2 [3]. The waste that was used come liom
-
-.. .:J metal sludge of various corrpositions" But
.
": r .i:ilar with work of Yuan and Bandosz [3],
-
.,,
f,ste
for desulfurizer, Seredych [4] also using
Fig,
..:. ior desulfurizer. But this technique become
, :.;e pyrolyses process is needed at higher
- -' .'c).
. - using natural product such as zeeilite as
.
201 4.V2. I 3
(Al) chips,
Ex,i,RlivlENTAL
The waste of aluminium
(Al) chips was obtained
from
metal manuf,acturirg rndustr-v such as fiom turning or milling
processes as depicted in Fig. l. The particle size was ignoled.
In order galvanic coupling to occur, the aluminium chips
were rrixed with iron chips. The iron chips were also obtained
::lOO COlll'l
i\nI
Waste of aluminiuln
Il.
:, ;d November j. 2013; revise February l7.2Al4
:' nitll the Department ol Mechanical Engineenng,
. Udayana IJniversity Jimtraran. Bali- lndonesia. 80i61
I.
I
I
219
Internati.onal Journol of l,{aterials, Mechanics ond fu[anufactu.ing, L/ol. 2, No.
3,.
ugust 2.i
from waste of metal rnanufacturing industrl' as can be seen in
Fig.2.It was prepaled 4 composition of mixtures (iu wt. %)
Namely: 100% A1, 75% Al+25% Fe, 50% Al+50% Fe. and
flowed to the H2S gas sensol'6. If the:--_r'
well, then the H2S contents in the biog:-a. ',.
be measuredby closing valve 8 and ope,--
100% Fe.
the biogas to H2S gas sensor 10. T-;.:
The mixtures then are put inside water-salt solution ( 250
gram salt in 2 liters of water) for 2 days so that galvanic
corrosion to occur. After 2 days in salt water the desulfurizer
was taken out and installed as desuifurizer in the system of
biogas pipe line. It should be noted that galvanic corrosion
will not occur for the mixture of 100% Al and 100% Fe since
only single metal that exist but indeed oxidation occur and
will yield aluminium oxide for aluminium and iron oxide for
iron.
desulfurizerthen can be calculated by,us-:t- :;
result will be presented in graft and anahz=-
=:
H.Sbefore desulfurizer
-
H,S after
:
desu-:rel
H,S before desulfuri zer
Laser-induced breakdown spectros!-",:-,
utilized to proof that there is a residue of s- =m- :u
of aluminium and iron during use as des.",..r,s.
III,
REStjLT AND DISCUSS, -,.,
The result is presented in the Fig. 4. It is :;,-ui"r.
of aluminium chips the performanc: :,
almost zero which is mean that the alumi-r--.n100o/o
water
r
will
produce aluminium oxide (Al.C"
reactive to H2S and cannot act as desullu:-_s
indication is found when sma[l amount of L-c,r
(75% Al+25o/a Fe), the performance incr:.r<
which is above 5070 in reducing amount of I:_!
100
-t6 €
90
S
E
80
Fig 2. Waste of iron (Fe) chips
@
c
7A
G
c
ts
d
o
* 100%Al
+ 75%A !. :51+ 509:Ai - 5Ca +25'; Ar- 75\ ;E
-&- 10{%Fe
tr
l
,,f\
I
.e
U
T
10
90++{
01020304C
Volume of desulfurized
biog6 flile{
Fig. 4- Perfomrarce of alumrnium as desultirrizer incre=:<
of iron (Fe), Galvanic coupling occur and malie aluminiun
=r:n:
Ii?s.
Fig.
3
Schematic of experiment for desulfurizer test performaltce:
Biogas
I
Biogas
container.2 Valve,3,Flowrate indicator,4 Valve, 5. r,alve,6. H2S gas
sensor. 7. Desulfurizer, 8. Valve. 9 valve, 10, HzS gas sensor
It
was prepared about 500 gram
of each mixture
1.4.t'--
lHrS + Al:Sj.i+
6H-
as
desulfurizer and installed in the biogas pipe line system. The
system was arranged with flow rate about 3 liters/minute. The
perfomance of desulfurizer was evaluated by measuring the
H2S contents in the biogas before and after passing the
desulfurizer as can be seen in Fig,3. The performance of
desulfurizer vr'as measured for every 5 liters of biogas that
passed the desulfurizer and was stopped until reaeh 50 liter.
The biogas was let flow from gas container 1 and the flow
.,i-
rate was controlled by using valve 2. The flow rate was
checked by using flow rate indicator 3. To measure the H2S
contents in the biogas before entering desulfurizer, the valve 4
Fig-
was closed and the valve 5 was opened and let the biogas
5 Schematic reaction of ion Alr- rvitli II2S fron biogas.Th: ,.rr
relea-se
220
from suriace of aluminiurn due lo galvanic coupling ,,i
-_r
il' rm- =; llar a mi\-ture of -{l-Fe is
*ier
the salt \rater as electrollte.
'r put ir electrol-rte of salt u-ater.
flfl,ril -*r.: ealranic coupling to occur and
lEcrftJre
bvafu€
te
irrc
-\lj-
as can be explained
ACKNOWT,EDGMENT
in Fig.
The authors wish to thanks the Ministry of National and
Culture the Republic oflndonesia for financial suppoft under
second phase of national strategic scheme tesearch grant
(hibahpenelitianskim strategisnasional) under conffact
m lEtE"rE --r H.S as can be explain in the
cu-
{
: l:li= reaction uill
eliminate the H2S
{ftmF (
ri-r
number:
!
175A"12iLrNI4.2/PNL.01.03.0012013 granted
through UdayanaUniversity, Jimbaran,
B
ali, lndone s ia
-l
U
(LBffir
REFERENCES
Efofu
tll
EE
I2l
I{
d$nffi
t'
t3I
I, if FE
h)
l#
in the micture of 7syoFe+zsyo Al. lt was
$rthn +,t:ce proof the ability of the aluminium to react
u .ryrrgric couplig to occur with iron (Fe)
-{
rcfiF
ataGffi
t59
rrwir-ljl
ffitotu
E-
:;
-
t4l
to
E
Ls.
t5l
+t
i6l
tll
ilU
W. E. Kleinjan, C. L. Marcelis, A D. Keizer, A. J H Janssen, and M.
A C Stuart. "Foam forn-ration in biotechnological process for the
removal ofhydrogen sulfide from gas streams," Colloids and Surface
A : P hysic o chern E ng. Aspe c ts, v ol. 27 5, pp.3 6-44. Novernber 2005
E. Y. Lee, N. Y. Lee, K. S. Cho. arid H, W Ryu, "Removal of hydrogen
sulfide by
sulfate-resistant," Journal
5* rffie
w,tfr rtich proof
5$?
t*
KE
t8l
of
*auue
E
Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia rvas bom
reaction of desulfurization to occur
collaboration such as
l. e
,ljr-(proofed in Fig. 6 from LIBS result) and
rfur :nen oxide (Fe(OH)r). As mixture of AI+Fe is
Iffic prLt *ater in order galYanic coupling to occur.
h,rder reaction occur i.e. rcactiot of iron and salt
ftrm iron oxide Fe(OH)3 (proofed in Fig. 7 from
. -lris iron Oxide is very reactive to H2S 16), U)
in
Diripasar, Bali, I-ndonesia on January 76h, 1972-He
received his doctor degree in mechanical engineenng
from Gadjah Mada Universi$ (UGM) Yogvakarta.
lndonesia on August 2003, rvith major field of study
was material engineering
FIe participated in various international research
desulfurizer increase very much and
of 100% Fe. This condition is achieved
tr,l'o
electric
that the reaction of Fe(OH): with HuS
:o discuses here that ifthe iron contents are
50% Fe and similarly happen with 7 5YoFe,
I
four stroke engine of
gerrcratot."Internnational Joutnal of Environnrental Science and
Derelopment,vol 4, no. 3, pp. 300-303, lune 2013
M. C. Fontan4 Corrosion Engineering,McGrat't-Hill Book Company.
ch 3,pp.41-42.
*as also occurred
.+
and
ertng
removal fiom biogas by zeolite adsorption," Chemical e
Journal, vol. 145, pp. 86-92, July 2008.
T.G.T.Nindhial M.Sucipta, IW Surata, IK A.Atmika,D.N K.P
Negar4 and K. M T Negara, "Processing of steel chips waste tbr
regenerative type of biogas desulftirizer," International Journal of
g4-&7.2013.
Reney,able Energt Research, vol. 3, no l, pp.
T. G. T Nindhia, I W. Surata, I K A- Atmika, and D. N. K. P Negara,
and A. Wardan4 "Method on conversion of gasoline to biogas fueled
single cylinder of
E
of Bioscience
Bioengineering, vol.I01, no. 4, pp. 309-314, January 2006.
W- Yuanand and T. J. Bandosa, "Removal of hydrogen sulfide liom
biogas on sludge-derived adsorbents." Fuel, vol. 86, pp 2736-2746,
April 2007.
M. Seredych, C. dom, and T J. Bandosz, "Effect of fly ash
addition on the removal ofhydrogen sulfide from biogas and air on
sewage-based composites adsorbents," te management, vol. 28,
pp" 1983-1992. November 2007
P Cosoli, M. Ferrone , S Pricl, and M. Femreglia, "Hydrogen Sulphide
lvith Muroran ]:rstitute of
tfirmm
m
ie
l:.{
Jimbaran, Bali, Indonesia. His research interest covering subjects such as,
biomaterial, lvaste recycle. failure analyses, ceramic, metallurgy, composite'
renewable energy, and environmental friendly manufacturing
Prof. Nindhia is a member of JICA Alumni, ASEA-UNINET alumni,
Intemational Association of Computer Science and Information Technology
g
0ACSIT), Asia-Pacifi c Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineerin
Society (APCBEES) and also a member of association of Indonesian
Nanotechnology Prof. N indhia received best rasearcher award in I 997 and
in 201 3 from U dayana LJnivers ity the place where he is working and again in
2012 received both Best researcher award from Engineering Faculty of
Udayana University . In 20 i3 Prof. Nindhia awarded as l5 best perfotmance
Indonesian lecturers from Ministry of Education and Culture The Republic
(2) bellow:
OH)3 + 3H2S -+Fe2S3 + 6 H2O
(2)
CoNCLUSIoN
rc roncluded that the waste of aluminium chips is
ir - used as desulfurizer. The aluminium chips
r - red with ilon in order the galvanic coupling to
;. -:.3ase ion A13't. The ion Al3* is reactive to H2S.
ifllnrr
of Indonesia.
Lr:
5-The imcrf
lit_tg xtth irm
- : coupling between Aluminium and iron can be
- ',:ng the aluminium and iron continued by put in
was born in Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia on July 5, 1958,
who reeeived the doctor degree in the field of ergonotlic fiom Udayana
I \Yayan Surata
221
lnternational Jom'nal of A:rateriars, Mechanics and
rtarufhcturing,
University in 201 l. I{is research jnterest very nlrch
related in process of
manufacture, He is currently rvorking as a researcher
and lecturer at
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering
Faculty, Udayana
University, .Iimbaran, Bali, Indonesia.
r,,or.
2,
No. 3,
Augttst 20/4
Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra \egara rvas born in payangal :1
l97l.lie received hisM.Sc lrom t.lniversity of Sr,
2001in manufacturitlg sysLents engineering and rllurug.,r"n,.
__
rvorking as a researcher and lecturer at thc Dcpa;tmem
r:
on June 13,
Engiueering, Engineering Faculty, Udayana Uuiversity,
I Ketut Adi Atmika
in Negara, Bali, Indonesia on May l g, I 969.
He received his- master degree in mechanical engiueering
lion lnstitute
Technology of Sepuluh Novernber, surabaya. Ind-onesia.'
He is currentry
lvorking as a researcher and lectur:r at the Departmelt
of Mechanical
Engineering, Engineering Facutty, Udayana Uni'e.rii,u,
Jirnbarar, Bali.
rvas born
lndonesia.
222
lndonesia.
J
Gung Putu Adhika Laksmana putt.a was an undergrarjuate
stu
ivlecharrical Engi neering Departnrent. Udayana Un ivers
i ty, Jinth
lndonesia aud graduated in 2012