COMPRESSIVE AND TENSILE STRENGTH OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE BEADS CONCRETE

  

C O MPRESSIVE A ND TENSILE STRENG TH

O F EXPA NDED PO LYSTYRENE BEA DS C O NC RETE

• * Te ng ku Fitria ni L. Sub ha n

  Ab stra k

Pe ne litia n ini b e tujua n untuk m e m p e la ja ri p ro p e rty d a ri b e to n ring a n ya ng m e ng a nd ung

e xp a nd e d p o lystyre ne b e a d s, ya itu kua t te ka n (c o m p re ssive stre ng th) d a n kua t ta rik (te nsile

stre ng th). Pro p e rty te rse b ut ke m ud ia n d ib a nd ing ka n d e ng a n b e to n no rm a l (b e to n ta np a

e xp a nd e d p o lystyre ne b e a d s) se b a g a i c a m p ura n p e ng o ntro l.

  

Ha sil p e ne litia n ini m e nunjukka n b a hwa jum la h p o lystyre ne b e a ds ya ng d ima sukka n se b a g a i

c a m p ura n b e to n m e m p e ng a ruhi p ro p e rty b e to n; ya itu d a p a t m e nurunka n kua t te ka n b e to n.

Te ta p i, p a d a c a m p ura n b e to n d e ng a n 15 % p o lystyre ne b e a d s (Mix II) p a d a 28 ha ri kua t

te ka nnya d a p a t b e rta ha n hing g a 86 % d a n kua t ta riknya 87 % jika d ib a nd ing ka n d e ng a n b e to n no rm a l. b e to n, p o lystyre ne b e a ds

  Ka ta kunc i: Abstrac t The ma in p urp o se o f this inve stig a tio n is to study the p ro p e rtie s (c o mp re ssive a nd te nsile stre ng ths)

o f lig htwe ig ht c o nc re te c o nta ining e xp a nd e d p o lystyre ne b e a ds. Its p ro p e rtie s a re c o mp a re d

tho se o f the no rma l we ig ht c o nc re te (c o ntro l mix). The re sults sho we d tha t the a mo unt o f p o lystyre ne b e a ds inc o rp o ra te d in c o nc re te influe nc e the

p ro p e rtie s o f ha rde ne d c o nc re te ; tha t is lig htwe ig ht a g g re g a te c o uld re duc e the stre ng th o f

c o nc re te . Ho we ve r, the c o mp re ssive stre ng ths o f lig htwe ig ht c o nc re te with 15 % p o lystyre ne

b e a ds (Mix II) a t 28 da ys fo r e xa mp le , c o uld ma inta in up to 86 % c o mp a re d to tho se o f no rma l we ig ht c o nc re te , while the te nsile stre ng th wa s 87%.

  Ke ywords: c o nc re te , p o lystyre ne b e a ds

  inc lud ing the a g e , d e g re e o f hyd ra tio n,

I. Intro duc tio n

  ra te o f lo a d ing , me tho d o f te sting ,

  1.1. C o m p re ssive Stre ng th sp e c im e n g e o m e try, a nd the p ro p e rtie s Stre ng th o f c o nc re te is the m o st a nd p ro p o rtio ns o f the c o nstitue nt im p o rta nt, a ltho ug h o the r c ha ra c te ristic ma te ria ls. Mo stly, c o nc re te stre ng th m a y a lso b e c ritic a l a nd c a nno t b e im p ro ve s with the inc re a se o f a g e . ne g le c te d . Stre ng th is a n im p o rta nt

  The stre ng th o f sa tura te d ind ic a to r o f q ua lity b e c a use stre ng th is sp e c im e ns m a y ha ve lo we r stre ng th d ire c tly re la te d to the struc ture o f tha n d ry sp e c im e ns. C o m p re ssive ha rd e ne d c e m e nt p a ste . stre ng th m e a sure d in im p a c t lo a d ing will

  Eve n tho ug h stre ng th is no t a b e hig he r tha n tha t in a no rm a l ra te o f d ire c t m e a sure d ura b ility o r d im e nsio na l lo a d ing . C ub e sp e c im e ns ma y re sult sta b ility, it ha s a stro ng re la tio nship with hig he r stre ng th tha n c ylind e r sp e c im e ns. the wa te r to c e m e nt ra tio o f the

  The p ro p e rtie s o f c o nstitue nt c o nc re te , whic h in turn influe nc e s m a te ria ls tha t a re the q ua lity o f d ura b ility, d im e nsio na l sta b ility a nd o the r a g g re g a te , the q ua lity o f c e m e nt p a ste , p ro p e rtie s o f c o nc re te (Sha h, S.P. a nd a nd the b o nd b e twe e n a g g re g a te a nd Ahma d , S.H., 1994). c e m e nt p a ste , influe nc e the stre ng th o f

  The stre ng th m e a sure d in c o nc re te . c o nc re te d e p e nd s o n so m e fa c to rs

• Sta f Pe ng a ja r Jurusa n Te knik Sip il Fa kulta s Te knik Unive rsita s Ta d ula ko , Pa lu

  The re fo re , c o nc re te using Austra lia n Sta nd a rd sp e c ific a tio n, AS surfa c e , ha ve a b e tte r inte rfa c ia l b o nd 2) Ag g re g a te s with c e me nt p a ste tha n unc rushe d . The a g g re g a te s use d thro ug ho ut this He nc e , hig he r stre ng th c o nc re te c a n b e inve stig a tio n a re : a c hie ve d . a . C o a rse a g g re g a te s

  Pa rtic ula rly fo r lig htwe ig ht b . Fine a g g re g a te s c o nc re te , a c c o rd ing to Ne wm a n 3) Po lystyre ne b e a d s (C la rke , J.L., 1993), the inc re a se o f The lig htwe ig ht a g g re g a te use d is stre ng th no t o nly d e p e nd ing o n the typ e e xp a nd e d p o lystyre ne b e a d s BST o f a g g re g a te s use d b ut a lso d e p e nd s p re mium (sup p lie d b y BST Austra lia ) o n c e m e nt c o nte nt. He p o ints o ut tha t with m e a n d ia m e te r 3 m m . The y we re g e ne ra lly, g re a te r c e m e nt c o nte nts a re c o a te d with no n-to xic c he m ic a l re q uire d tha n fo r no rma l we ig ht c o m p o und s to a c hie ve b o nd ing to c o nc re te ; tha t is a b o ut 10% g re a te r fo r the c e m e nt p a ste a nd to a vo id c o nc re te with stre ng th up to 40 MPa se g re g a tio n. The c o lo r is re d d ish a nd 20% to 25% fo r c o nc re te with hig he r b ro wn. The d e nsity o f the se

  3 stre ng th. p o lystyre ne b e a d s wa s 55 kg / m .

  4) Fly a sh

  1.2. Te nsile Stre ng th 5) Sup e rp la stic ise r

  Te nsile stre ng th g o ve rns the Sup e rp la stic ise r use d in this stud y is c ra c king b e ha vio r a nd a ffe c ts o the r

  Rhe o b uild 2000A a s hig h-ra ng e wa te r p ro p e rtie s suc h a s stiffne ss, d a m p ing re d uc e r in o rd e r to p ro d uc e wo rka b le a c tio n, a nd d ura b ility o f c o nc re te . It is hig h stre ng th c o nc re te . a lso im p o rta nt re g a rd ing the b e ha vio r o f 6) Wa te r. c o nc re te und e r she a r lo a d s. Te nsile stre ng th is d e te rm ine d b y e ithe r d ire c t

  Ta b le 1. C o m p o sitio ns o f c o ntro l te nsile te sts o r b y ind ire c t te nsile te sts c o nc re te mixture suc h a s fle xura l o r sp lit c ylind e r te sts

  3 C o nte nt (kg / m ) a c c o rd a nc e with na tio na l sta nd a rd s.

  Ma te ria ls Ac c o rd ing to Ne wm a n

  (Ne wm a n, J. & C ho o , B.S., 2003), C e m e nt 448 m o re o ve r, te nsile stre ng th is im p o rta nt Fly a sh 102 whe n c ra c ks in c o nc re te e le m e nts a re c o nsid e re d . The fa c to rs influe nc ing

  Fine Ag g re g a te 626 c o mp re ssive stre ng th a lso influe nc e C o a rse te nsile stre ng th.

  1088 Ag g re g a te

  He a lso p o ints o ut tha t the re a re Sup e rp la stic ise r 9.9 p rinc ip a l d iffe re nc e s b e twe e n lig htwe ig ht a g g re g a te c o nc re te a nd

  Wa te r 140 no rm a l we ig ht c o nc re te . The y a re fra c ture p a th (this tra ve l thro ug h

  Ta b le 2 sho ws the mix lig htwe ig ht a g g re g a te p a rtic le s), a nd a c o m p o sitio n o f e a c h mixture . The (wa te r sig nific a nt re d uc tio n in te nsile stre ng th in

• sup e rp la stic ise r) to (c e m e nt + fly a sh) d rying situa tio n d ue to g ra te r m o isture ra tio o f 0.27 in e ve ry b a tc h o f c o nc re te g ra d ie nts o f lig htwe ig ht a g g re g a te s.

  in this inve stig a tio n we re m a inta ine d the sa m e . The a m o unt o f fine a g g re g a te , o n

2. Ma te ria ls use d in this inve stig a tio n a re :

  the o the r ha nd , is a d juste d d e p e nd ing

  2.1 Po rtla nd c e m e nt o n the p e rc e nta g e s o f p o lystyre ne The typ e o f c e m e nt use d fo r b e a d s use d in fine a g g re g a te the se stud ie s is g e ne ra l p urp o se Po rtla nd re p la c e m e nt. The re a re fo ur mixe s o f c e m e nt (G P)-Blue C irc le So uthe rn, c o nc re te with va rying c o nte nt o f c o m p lying with the re q uire m e nt o f the p o lystyre ne b e a d s (PB), na m e ly: Mix I

  (0% PB) a s a mix c o ntro l, Mix II (15 % PB), Ta b le 3 sho ws the c o nc re te ma te ria ls, whic h we re b a tc he d b y we ig ht fo r e ve ry m ix. The a m o unt o f fine a g g re g a te wa s c ha ng e d fo r d iffe re nt mixe s a c c o rd ing to p e rc e nta g e o f p o lystyre ne b e a d s p ut in the mixe s. The hig he r the a m o unt o f p o lystyre ne b e a d s, the lo we r the a m o unt o f sa nd . Po lystyre ne a g g re g a te c o m p o sitio n is va rie d a m o ng the c o nc re te mixture s to d e te rmine the m a xim um lig htwe ig ht the e ffe c t o f p o lystyre ne b e a d s in the hig h stre ng th c o nc re te . The a m o unt o f m a te ria ls a nd wa te r ne e d e d we re c a lc ula te d b e fo re mixing , the m o isture c o nte nt a nd a b so rp tio n c a p a c ity o f a g g re g a te we re c a rrie d o ut. The n, a d a y b e fo re mixing c o nc re te , the c o a rse a nd fine a g g re g a te we re a ir d rie d to a c hie ve unifo rm m o isture c o nte nt.

  15.4

  18.2

  15

  11.8 Po lystyre ne Be a d s

  0.07

  0.13

  0.2 C e me nt 15.4

  15.4

  15.4 Fly a sh

  37.4 37.4 37.4 37.4 Fine Ag g re g a te

  3.5

  3.5

  3.5

  3.5 Sup e rp la stic ise r 0.34 0.34

  0.34

  0.34 Wa te r 4.8

  4.8

  4.8

  21.5

  C o a rse Ag g re g a te

  Ta b le 2. Mix C o m p o sitio n (kg / m

  6.03 W+S/ C +F 0.27

  3

  ) Ma te ria ls Mix I Mix II Mix III Mix IV

  C e me nt 448 457 465 464 Fly Ash 102 104 106 106 Wa te r 140 143 145 145 Sup e rp la stic ise r 9.9

  10.1

  10.3

  10.3 Fine Ag g re g a te 626 541 453 356 C o a rse Ag g re g a te 1088 1112 1128 1128 Po lystyre ne Be a d s 208

  3.92

  0.27

  Mix IV (45% PB)

  0.27

  0.27 A/ C +F 3.12

  2.95

  2.77

  2.70 Ta b le 3. Ba tc h we ig ht o f m a te ria ls (kg ) fo r e a c h m ix Ma te ria ls

  Mix I (0% PB)

  Mix II (15% PB)

  Mix III (30% PB)

  4.8 Ho we ve r, b e fo re p o uring m o isture c o nte nt te sts fo r the c o a rse a nd fine a g g re g a te s in o rd e r to a d just wa te r c o nte nt. The m o isture c o nte nt o f c o a rse sa nd just b e fo re p o uring c o nc re te fo r e xa m p le wa s 9 %, whic h is hig h wa te r a b so rp tio n, so the a mo unt o f wa te r fo r mixture sho uld b e re d uc e d . Fo r fine sa nd , o n the c o ntra ry, it wa s ve ry d ry with the m o isture c o nte nt wa s m uc h lo we r, tha t wa s 0.05 %. The re fo re sp e c ific a mo unt o f wa te r sho uld b e a d d e d .

  Fo r Mix II, III, a nd IV, the p o lystyre ne b e a d s we re sp re a d e d e ve nly b e fo re the c o a rse a g g re g a te wa s a d d e d . Afte r mixing o f c o nc re te , the te m p e ra ture o f mixture wa s m e a sure d . The fre sh c o nc re te p ro p e rtie s (we t d e nsity slum p ) we re im m e d ia te ly te ste d a c c o rd a nc e with AS 1012 (1970). The c o nc re te te m p e ra ture wa s fo und to

  18

  o C .

  All c o mp re ssive stre ng th te sts in this stud y we re p e rfo rme d b y using Ave ry unive rsa l te sting m a c hine with lo a d ing ra te 20±2 MPa p e r minute a c c o rd ing to AS 1012.9-1999. The te st sp e c im e ns we re 3 c ub e s o f 100x100x100

  56 d a ys a t the ro o m te m p e ra ture o f 20

  o

  C a nd 65 % RH. Afte r re m o va l fro m the c uring e nviro nm e nt, the surp lus wa te r o n a ll c ub e s wa s wip e d o ut a s so o n a s p o ssib le a nd d ime nsio ns a nd we ig ht we re d e te rm ine d .

  3.1 C o m p re ssive stre ng th d e ve lo p m e nt with a g e C o mp re ssive stre ng th d e ve lo p m e nt re sults a re sum m a rize d in b o th Ta b le 4 a nd Fig ure 3, while re la tive c o mp re ssive stre ng th d e ve lo p me nt with a g e is sho wn in Ta b le 5 a nd Fig ure 4. It is sho wn tha t the c o m p re ssive stre ng th o f a ll c o nc re te mixture s inc re a se d with the inc re a se o f a g e .

  It is c le a r fro m the Ta b le 4 tha t the la rg e r the a m o unt o f p o lystyre ne b e a d s in c o nc re te , the le sse r the c o mp re ssive stre ng th. As e xp e c te d , the no rm a l we ig ht c o nc re te ha s the la rg e st c o mp re ssive stre ng th fo r a ll d a ys c o mp a re d to lig htwe ig ht c o nc re te . At 28 d a ys, it wa s fo und tha t c o mp re ssive stre ng th o f Mix II, Mix III, a nd Mix IV c o m p a re d to c o ntro l c o nc re te we re 86%, 65%, a nd 59%, re sp e c tive ly.

3. C o m pre ssive Stre ng th

  Fig ure 1. C o m p re ssive stre ng th te st Fig ure 2. Sp litting o f sp e c ime n und e r te nsio n

  In Mix I, a t 3 d a ys the a t 3 d a ys to 80 MPa a t 28 d a ys a t 28 d a ys it inc re a se d c o nsid e ra b ly to fine a g g re g a te re p la c e d b y p o lystyre ne

  80 MPa . During the ne xt 28 d a ys the b e a d s, the 28-d a y stre ng th o f Mix II wa s stre ng th wa s inc re a se d to 81 MPa . In Mix inc re a se d b y 60.5% fro m its 3-d a y

  II a nd Mix III o n the o the r ha nd , the stre ng th (69 MPa ). Whe n the a m o unt o f c o mp re ssive stre ng th inc re a se d fro m 28 lig htwe ig ht a g g re g a te inc re a se d up to d a ys to 56 d a ys a b o ut 6 MPa a nd 5 30% to re p la c e the fine a g g re g a te (Mix MPa , re sp e c tive ly.

  III); the inc re a se o f c o m p re ssive stre ng th The c o mp re ssive stre ng th o f a t 28 d a ys is 40.5%. c o ntro l c o nc re te inc re a se d fro m 53 MPa Ta b le 4. C o m p re ssive stre ng th d e ve lo p m e nt with a g e

  Mixture s C o mp re ssive stre ng th (Mp a ) 3 d a ys 7 d a ys 28 d a ys 56 d a ys Mix I

  53

  67

  80

  81 Mix II

  43

  51

  69

  75 Mix III

  37

  47

  52

  57 Mix IV

  28

  33

  39

  42

  90

  80

  70 ) a P M

  60 ( th g n e

  50 tr S ve

  40 ressi p m o

  30 s C ube

  20 C _{Mix III Mix II Mix I}

  10 _{Mix IV}

  7

  14

  21

  

28

  35

  42

  49

  56

  63 Age (Days)

  Fig ure 3. C o m p re ssive stre ng th d e ve lo p m e nt with a g e Ta b le 5. Re la tive c o mp re ssive stre ng th d e ve lo p m e nt with a g e Mixture s

  Re la tive c o mp re ssive stre ng th d e ve lo p m e nt with a g e 3 d a ys 7 d a ys 28 d a ys 56 d a ys Mix I

  1.00

  35

  42

  49

  56

  63 Age (days) R e lat ive st re n g th

  Mix I Mix II Mix III Mix IV

  Fig ure 4. Re la tive c o m p re ssive stre ng th d e ve lo p m e nt with re sp e c t to 3-d a y stre ng th Ta b le 6. Re la tive c o m p re ssive stre ng th o f p o lystyre ne a g g re g a te c o nc re te

  Mixture s Re la tive stre ng th 3 d a ys 7 d a ys 28 d a ys 56 d a ys

  Mix I

  1.00

  1.00

  1.00 Mix II

  21

  0.81

  0.76

  0.86

  0.93 Mix III

  0.70

  0.70

  0.65

  0.71 Mix IV

  0.53

  0.49

  0.49

  

28

  14

  1.00

  1.00

  1.26

  1.51

  1.53 Mix II

  1.00

  1.19

  1.60

  1.74 Mix III

  1.00

  1.27

  1.40

  1.54 Mix IV

  1.18

  7

  1.40

  1.50

  1.00

  1.10

  1.20

  1.30

  1.40

  1.50

  1.60

  1.70

  1.80

  0.52

  0.0

  Mix I Mix II Mix III Mix IV

  5.53 MPa . Mix II ho we ve r, ha s lo we r te nsile stre ng th (4.8 MPa ), whe re a s Mix III ha s te nsile stre ng th o nly 0.1 MPa lo we r. As e xp e c te d , Mix IV ha s the lo we st te nsile stre ng th a s m uc h a s 3.4 MPa d ue to the la rg e a m o unt o f p o lystyre ne b e a d s.

  As c a n b e se e n in Ta b le 7 a nd Fig ure 6, the c o ntro l c o nc re te (Mix I) ha s the hig he st te nsile stre ng th, sta nd s a t

  Ta b le 7 a nd Fig ure 6 sho w the re sults o f te nsile stre ng th o f c o nc re te a t 28 d a ys. It is c le a r fro m the b a r c ha rt tha t the hig he r the a m o unt o f p o lystyre ne b e a d s in c o nc re te mixture , the lo we r the te nsile stre ng th. Re la tive te nsile stre ng th o f lig htwe ig ht c o nc re te c o m p a re d to no rm a l we ig ht c o nc re te a re sho wn in Ta b le 8, while Ta b le 9 re p re se nts the c o m p a riso n b e twe e n te nsile stre ng th a nd 28 d a ys c o mp re ssive stre ng th o f a ll c o nc re te mixture s a s we ll a s the ra tio b e twe e n the m .

  Afte r ta ke n o ut fro m the wa te r c uring a nd the surp lus wa te r wa s wip e d o ut, the m e a n d ia m e te r a nd le ng ths o f sp e c im e ns we re m e a sure d . The ha rd b o a rd b e a ring strip s we re p la c e d b e twe e n the p la te n o f the m a c hine a nd sp e c im e n to a vo id lo c a l c rushing . The lo a d is a t the ra te o f 1.5±0.15 MPa p e r min.

  C a nd 65% RH. Fig ure 2 sho ws o ne o f the te nsile stre ng th te sts o f c o nc re te .

  o

  C wa te r, using ind ire c t te nsile te st, a c c o rd a nc e with AS 1012.10-2000. Te ste d we re d o ne in ro o m te m p e ra ture o f 20

  o

  In this inve stig a tio n, te nsile stre ng th te st wa s d o ne with 3 c ylind e rs o f 100x200 mm fo r e a c h mix a t the a g e o f 28 d a ys a fte r c ure d in 20

  III ha s lo we r va ria tio n o f stre ng th d e ve lo p me nt; fro m 65% to 71%. In Mix IV, the d e ve lo p m e nt o f stre ng th e ve n lo we r, va rie d a mo ng 50%.

  3.2 Re la tive c o mp re ssive stre ng th o f p o lystyre ne a g g re g a te c o nc re te The re la tive c o mp re ssive stre ng th o f p o lystyre ne a g g re g a te c o nc re te is sho wn in Ta b le 6 a nd Fig ure 5. As re p re se nt in Ta b le 6, Mix I ha s a ro le a s c o ntro l mixture . Fo r Mix II, the re la tive d e ve lo p m e nt o f c o m p re ssive stre ng th va rie d b e twe e n 76% a nd 93%, while Mix

  Fig ure 5. Re la tive c o m p re ssive stre ng th o f p o lystyre ne a g g re g a te c o nc re te

  63 Age (days) R e la ti ve str e n g th

  0.2

  56

  49

  42

  35

  

28

  21

  14

  7

  1.2

  1.0

  0.8

  0.6

  0.4

4. Te nsile Stre ng th o f c o nc re te a t 28 da ys

  6 ) a P

5 M

   ( th g

  4 n e tr s

  3 ile s n

  2 e t t c e

  1 ir d In

  

Mix I Mix II Mix III Mix IV

  Fig ure 6. Te nsile Stre ng th a t 28 d a ys Ta b le 7. Te nsile stre ng th o f c o nc re te mixe s a t 28 d a ys

  Mixture s Te nsile stre ng th (MPa ) Mix I

  5.53 Mix II

  4.80 Mix III

  4.72 Mix IV

  3.40 Ta b le 8. Re la tive te nsile stre ng th o f lig htwe ig ht c o nc re te to no rm a l we ig ht c o nc re te a t 28 d a ys Mixture s Mix I Mix II Mix III Mix IV Te nsile Stre ng th (MPa )

  5.53

  4.80

  4.72

  3.40 Re la tive stre ng th

  1.00

  0.87

  0.85

  0.62

  4.1 Re la tive te nsile stre ng th

  4.2 Te nsile stre ng th to c o mp re ssive It is c le a r fro m Ta b le 8 tha t te nsile stre ng th ra tio stre ng th d e ve lo p m e nt up to 28 d a ys o f As sho wn in Ta b le 9 a nd Fig ure 7, c o nc re te with the lo we st p o lystyre ne the hig he r the c o m p re ssive stre ng th, the b e a d s c o nte nt (Mix II) wa s the hig he st hig he r the te nsile stre ng th. The a m o ng lig htwe ig ht c o nc re te a s m uc h a s re la tio nship b e twe e n te nsile stre ng th

  t

  87%. Sub se q ue ntly, the hig he r the a nd c o m p re ssive stre ng th is no n-line a r (f

  0.3 c

  lig htwe ig ht a g g re g a te in c o nc re te , the = A (f ) . The ra tio b e twe e n te nsile lo we r the re la tive stre ng th. stre ng th a nd c o m p re ssive stre ng th d o e s no t e xhib it simila r p a tte rn.

  Ta b le 9. Te nsile stre ng th to c o m p re ssive stre ng th ra tio At 28 d a ys

  Mixture s f t (Mp a ) f c (Mp a ) f t / f c Mix I

  5.53 80 7% Mix II

  4.80 69 7% Mix III

  4.72 52 9% Mix IV

  3.40 47 7% No te : f t = te nsile stre ng th f c = c o mp re ssive stre ng th

  6.0

  5.5 y = 0.0499x + 1.5104

₂

) R = 0.7552 a P

5.0 M

   ( th g n

  4.5 e tr s ile

  4.0 s n e T

  3.5

  3.0

  30

  40

  50

  60

  70

  80

  90 Compressive strength (MPa)

  Fig ure 7. C o rre la tio n b e twe e n c o m p re ssive a nd te nsile stre ng th Fo r Mix I, Mix II a nd Mix IV, the the sa m e . It is re c o m m e nd e d fo r va rying te nsile stre ng ths a re simila r, sta nd a t 7% the ra tio o f wa te r to c e m e nt in o rd e r to o f its c o mp re ssive stre ng ths. Surp rising ly kno w its e ffe c t to the c o nc re te ho we ve r, fo r Mix III, its te nsile stre ng th is p ro p e rtie s with 15 %, 30 %, a nd 45 % 9% o f its c o mp re ssive stre ng th. p o lystyre ne b e a d s re p la c e s fine a g g re g a te s.

5. C o nc lusio n a nd Re c o m m e nda tio n fo r

  6. Re fe re nc e s future wo ks

  C la rke , J.L. (1993), Struc tura l lig htwe ig ht Inc re a se in the p o lystyre ne b e a d s

  a g g re g a te c o nc re te , p ub lishe d

  c o nte nt in hig h-stre ng th c o nc re te will b y: Bla c kie Ac a d e mic & re d uc e the c o mp re ssive a nd te nsile

  Pro fe ssio na l, a n im p rint o f stre ng th o f c o nc re te C ha p m a n & Ha ll, G la sg o w, first

  It is p o ssib le to inc o rp o ra te p o lystyre ne e d itio n, p p . 1-41. a g g re g a te in c o nc re te mixture to p ro d uc e lig htwe ig ht hig h stre ng th

  Ne wm a n, J. & C ho o , B.S. (2003), c o nc re te with fine a g g re g a te

  Adva nc e d C o nc re te Te c hno lo g y,

  re p la c e m e nt up to 30%. Ho we ve r, the C o nstitue nt Ma te ria ls. use o f p o lystyre ne b e a d s a s m uc h a s 45

  Hig h

  Sha h, S.P. a nd Ahm a d , S.H. (1994), % in fine a g g re g a te re p la c e m e nt will no t

  Pe rfo rma nc e C o nc re te : Pro p e rtie s

  p ro d uc e sa tisfy hig h stre ng th c o nc re te ,

  a nd Ap p lic a tio ns, p ub lishe d b y:

  a s the c o mp re ssive stre ng th is b e lo w the Mc G ra w-Hill, Inc . G re a t Brita in. lo we st limit o f hig h stre ng th c o nc re te (41 MPa ). Sta nd a rd s Asso c ia tio n o f Austra lia (1970),

  In this inve stig a tio n, the wa te r to AS 1012 – Me tho ds o f Te sting c e me nt ra tio fo r e a c h mix wa s re ma in C o nc re te .